INTRODUCTION
RATIONALE
As students of the Faculty of Languages, particularly in English Translation and Interpreting, we recognize the vital role of translation and interpretation across diverse fields such as politics and tourism Translation serves as a powerful tool for sharing knowledge and overcoming language barriers To excel as translators, it is essential not only to possess strong translation skills but also to understand the underlying reasons for our choices in the translation process.
Emotional intelligence, a rapidly growing field in psychology, is increasingly recognized in Vietnam as a vital component for career advancement and personal development It plays a crucial role in fostering strong relationships, facilitating smoother interactions, and achieving professional goals Individuals with high emotional intelligence can effectively manage their emotions, transform intentions into actions, and make informed decisions, ultimately leading to better time management, goal setting, and productivity The book "Primal Leadership: Realizing the Power of Emotional Intelligence" emphasizes the significance of emotional intelligence in leadership, challenging traditional notions of intelligence by highlighting that emotional skills are more critical than IQ for success in both work and life.
This article aims to enhance your understanding of psychology and emotional intelligence, offering valuable insights on translation techniques and practical applications that can lead to success in both your professional and personal life.
In this article, I will examine the vocabulary, address challenges, and simplify complex phrases With my expertise and thorough research, I aim to achieve a flawless translation.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This graduation paper is aimed at:
- Showing my abilities in translating chapter 1
- Having skills to translate and analyze difficulties in chapter 1
- Providing readers with helpful information about great leadership through monitoring emotions Therefore, it is possible to achieve the highest productivity for the group or organization.
- Understanding the author's idea to convey the content to the reader.
After completing my graduation paper, I achieved the following targets:
- Translating chapter 1 smoothly and naturally
- Analyzing many complicated words, phrases, and structures in chapter 1
- Improving translation and analysis skills.
- Eliminating the language barrier for Vietnamese readers who are interested in this subject.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This landmark book emphasizes the critical importance of emotional intelligence for leaders at any stage of their careers It delves into how cultivating emotional intelligence within oneself and an organization is essential in today's world The book highlights the traits of effective leaders and various leadership styles while providing insights on building emotional intelligence It asserts that true leadership is defined not by high IQ or technical skills, but by a strong level of emotional intelligence Due to time constraints, I have chosen to focus on Chapter 1, "Primal Leadership," which consists of 4,301 words for translation and analysis.
This article will examine the challenges encountered in translation, focusing on specific terms like "the primal dimension," the complexities of English grammar and syntax, and the real-life meanings of words.
“PRIMAL LEADERSHIP: Realizing the Power of Emotional
Intelligence” was published in 2002 and was written by Goleman, Richard
Boyatzis and Annie McKee are recognized experts in the field of emotional intelligence (EI) research, examining its impact on leadership and organizational success Their book serves as an essential resource for aspiring leaders aiming to enhance their careers through the principles of emotional intelligence.
Research indicates that a leader's emotions significantly impact organizational success, emphasizing the importance of 'primal leadership' where enthusiasm is key This innovative approach shifts the focus of leaders from merely driving profits or strategies to fostering positive emotions within their teams Based on extensive studies of top-tier organizations, it is clear that effective leaders leverage emotional intelligence (EI) competencies, such as empathy and self-awareness, to achieve excellence Consequently, promoting emotional intelligence is essential for maximizing workplace capacity and efficiency.
This book includes 11 chapters with 257 pages, but the time is limited so
I have translated only one chapter 1 with 3834 words in length The name of chapter 1 is “Primal leadership"
This book delves into the significance of emotional intelligence in leadership, highlighting how exceptional leaders often excel in understanding and connecting with people, regardless of their academic achievements By fostering self-awareness, social awareness, self-management, and relationship management, individuals can transform their personal and professional lives The insights shared in this book can inspire leaders to harness their emotional intelligence effectively, ultimately enhancing their ability to motivate and influence others The content presented here is drawn from the first chapter of a comprehensive 11-chapter exploration of these themes.
The text is divided into many different sections and it is organized as following:
8 Quantifying the “Feel” of a Company
"Primal Leadership: Realizing the Power of Emotional Intelligence," authored by Daniel Goleman, Richard E Boyatzis, and Annie McKee, was published on March 15, 2002, and has since become a bestseller in numerous countries This influential book explores the significance of emotional intelligence in effective leadership and is readily available online for readers and reference.
METHOD OF THE STUDY
This research employs a combination of data collection, theoretical analysis, and translation techniques to effectively translate English texts into Vietnamese Utilizing an alternative translation methodology, the study integrates theoretical insights with practical knowledge to analyze and interpret the original documents Additionally, a qualitative approach is applied to enhance the depth and accuracy of the findings.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Definitions of translation
Translation can be defined in various ways, influenced by individual perspectives Different linguists provide unique definitions that reflect their understanding of the concept.
J C Catford defines translation as the process of substituting textual content from a source language with equivalent material in a target language, highlighting the importance of maintaining meaning across linguistic boundaries.
In the book “Translation” of Allan Duff said that: “Translation as the process of conveying message across linguistic and cultural barriers is an eminently communicative activity.”
Translation is a cognitive process that involves converting the meaning of a specific linguistic discourse from one language to another It entails transferring linguistic elements from the source language to their corresponding equivalents in the target language, effectively conveying the content of a text.
Translation is the process in which a translator conveys sentences or ideas from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL), ensuring both semantic and stylistic equivalence.
Types of categories
Understanding the various types of translation is essential for achieving accuracy and clarity in document translation By familiarizing ourselves with these genres, we can easily identify and differentiate between them, ultimately helping to prevent common translation errors.
Based on the extent, J C Catford classified translation into Full Translation and Partial Translation.
- Full translation: in the process of translation, every part of the entire text in the Source Language is submitted by the equivalent in the Target Language
The distinction among leaders is reflected in the mood and tone of their communication; one leader fosters an environment of antagonism and hostility, while the other inspires optimism and motivation, even during challenging times.
Sự khác biệt giữa các nhà lãnh đạo thể hiện qua cảm xúc và ngữ điệu trong việc truyền tải thông điệp Một nhà lãnh đạo có thể khơi dậy sự đối kháng và thù địch trong nhóm, trong khi nhà lãnh đạo khác lại tạo ra sự lạc quan và cảm hứng, giúp nhóm vượt qua khó khăn.
- Partial translation: there are some parts of the SL that are not translated but only put into the TL.
Example 1: How beautifully she sings
Suggested version: “Cô ấy hát hay quá”
Example 2: I have nothing more to desire
Suggested version : “Tôi rất hài lòng”
Total translation is defined that all levels of the SL text are replaced by
TL material However, actually, there is a misunderstanding here because of the term “total translation” We can’t replace all the levels of the SL to the
TL, though total replacement is involved
Example: A good laugh sends a reassuring message: We’re on the same wavelength, we get along
A joyful laugh conveys a reassuring message: we share the same perspective and have a strong connection Restricted translation involves substituting source language elements with equivalent target language elements at a single level, whether phonological, graphological, grammatical, or lexical.
Suggested version : Ca-li-phoc-ni-a
In phonological translation, the phonology of the source language (SL) is substituted with the equivalent phonology of the target language (TL), while other elements remain unchanged This process may lead to incidental grammatical or lexical modifications, but the primary focus is on the phonological aspects of the translation.
In graphological translation SL graphology is replaced by equivalent target language graphology, with no other replacements, except, again accidental changes grammar and lexis
The translation process is intricate, involving the conversion of phonological units while ensuring a correlation between phonology and graphology in both the source and target languages Initially, graphological units from the source language are substituted with their corresponding phonological units Next, these phonological units are translated into equivalent units in the target language Finally, the target language phonological units are replaced with the appropriate graphological units, completing the translation.
Suggested version : Cam-pu-chia
2.2.6 Free, Literal and Word-for-word Translation.
A “free’’ translation is always unbounded while “word-for-word translation generally means what it says, “Word-for-word’’ translation or
Literal translation refers to the process of translating text word by word from one language to another, often failing to capture the original meaning This approach is commonly linked to the translation of scientific, technical, technological, and legal documents within translation studies.
Example: Gratitude is the sign of noble souls
Literal translation: “Biết ơn là biểu hiện của tâm hồn cao thượng”
Word-for-word translation: “Lòng biết ơn là dấu hiệu của cao quý tâm tâm hồn”
Free translation: “Ăn quả nhớ kẻ trồng cây”
PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF TRANSLATION
In the translation process, adherence to established principles is crucial for translators Alan Duff outlines several fundamental principles in his book "Translation" that are universally applicable across all translation tasks.
Alan Duff emphasizes that translation involves accurately reflecting the original text's meaning without arbitrary additions or omissions A skilled translator must adhere to this principle to ensure fidelity to the source material.
The meaning of the original text must be clear, if not, we must find out the uncertain points
Some words are “loaded”, that is, are they containing underlying implications?
Is the dictionary meaning of a particular word the most suitable one
Anything in the translation sounds unnatural or forced
Example : My eyes swelled with tear.
Mắt tôi sưng lên vì khóc.
In A Duff's translation, it is crucial for the translator to pay attention to the arrangement of words and ideas to ensure that the translation accurately reflects the intended meaning and serves as the most appropriate equivalent in the target language.
Example : I received the scholarship from the Study Promotion Society
Tôi đã được nhận học bổng từ hội khuyến học.
The varying levels of formality within a specific context lead to significant differences in language usage To achieve an accurate translation, it is essential for the translator to carefully consider how the writer or speaker establishes tone, distinguishing between formal or fixed expressions and personal expressions.
Example : Don't talk so loud in class.
Don't be noisy yourself to irritate your neighbor.
All of them have the same meaning: “Giữ trật tự”
Idioms play a crucial role in translation, as they often present significant challenges due to their untranslatable nature A Duff highlights that idiomatic expressions encompass similes, metaphors, proverbs, sayings, jargon, slang, colloquialisms, and phrasal verbs When direct translation is not feasible, translators must explore alternative strategies to convey the intended meaning effectively.
Preserve the original word, in inverted commas.
Keep the original expression, with a literal explanation in brackets
Use a non-idiomatic or plain prose translation
Retain the original word, in inverted commas
Retain the original expression, with a literal explanation in brackets
Example: A good turn deserves another
Use a non-idiomatic or plain prose translation.
Example: Easier said than done
Nói thì dễ làm thì khó
A Duff emphasizes the importance of preserving the original style in translation However, he also advises that if the source text contains careless writing or unnecessary repetition, the translator should address these issues to enhance the reading experience for the audience.
Example: She joked, laughed, and taked all along the way.
Cô ấy đùa giỡn, cười và nói chuyện suốt dọc đường.
One common criticism of translation is that it often lacks a natural flow This issue arises when translators focus too heavily on the original text, leading to awkward phrasing To improve the translation's naturalness, a useful technique is to set the source text aside and translate a few sentences from memory This approach encourages the use of natural thought patterns in the target language, which may not be apparent when fixating on the source language.
According to Peter Newmark’s translation theory, there are eight types of translation.
The Source Language (SL) word order is maintained, and words are translated using their most common meanings Cultural terms are translated literally This method is primarily employed to grasp the mechanics of the SL or to interpret challenging texts as part of the pre-translation process.
Example: There are many books on the table.
Suggested version: Có nhiều cuốn sách ở trên bàn.
Literal translation serves as a pre-translation process, where the grammatical structures of the source language (SL) are converted to their closest equivalents in the target language (TL) In this method, lexical words are translated individually and do not rely on the surrounding context for their meaning.
Example: She is deaf to all his advice.
Suggested version : Cô ta lờ đi tất cả những lời khuyên của anh ấy.
A faithful translation strives to accurately convey the original meaning while adhering to the grammatical structures of the target language (TL) It involves the careful transfer of cultural terms and maintains the level of grammatical and lexical "abnormality" present in the source language (SL) This approach aims to faithfully reflect the intentions of the SL writer and the essence of the text in the TL.
Example: As quick as lightning
Suggested version : Nhanh như chớp
Semantic translation requires the high value of aesthetics in the SL text.
In the translation process, it is essential for the translator to refine the final version to eliminate assonance, wordplay, and repetitive phrases This may involve substituting less significant cultural terms with culturally neutral or functional alternatives instead of direct cultural equivalents, while also making minor adjustments to enhance readability for the audience.
Example : Hold your horses, we still have plenty of time
Suggested version : Kiên nhẫn một chút, chúng ta vẫn còn nhiều thời gian.
Example : The film is beyond any words.
Suggested version: Bộ phim không chê vào đâu được.
Adaptation is commonly employed in the translation of plays and poetry due to its flexibility as a translation method While it typically retains the original themes, characters, and plots, adaptation involves transforming the source language (SL) cultural elements into those of the target language (TL), resulting in a rewritten text that resonates with the new audience.
Pale grew thy cheek and cold,
Khi hai ta chia tay
Trong im lặng và nước mắt
Nửa mảnh hồn tan vỡ
Vì xa cách nhiều năm
Nhợt nhạt, gò má lạnh
Nụ hôn còn lạnh hơn Điềm buồn như báo trước
Nỗi đau này trào dâng
In intra-lingual translation, the focus shifts from preserving the original form to conveying its content through paraphrasing, which may result in a longer text This approach often overlooks prolixity and pretentiousness, allowing for a more accessible interpretation of the original message.
Made to his mistress' eyebrow Then a soldier,
Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard,
Jealous in honour, sudden, and quick in quarrel,
Trông vời vợi đôi mắt Đến khi làm người lính Đầy lời thề huênh hoang
Cuộc đời thật gian nan
Ghen tuông vì danh dự
Tìm chân lý hảo huyền
This method reproduces the “message” of the source text by using an equivalent in the TL However, in this translation, we must use idioms in the
SL to express for the TL Idiomatic translation tends to distort nuances of meaning by favoring colloquialisms and idioms where these do not exist in the original
Suggested version: Vỏ quýt dày có móng tay nhọn
Translators strive to accurately convey both the content and language in their work, focusing on the precise contextual meaning This approach is commonly utilized in radio broadcasts and newspaper translations Occasionally, communicative and semantic translation methods align, enhancing the overall effectiveness of the translation process.
Suggested version: Dạo này thế nào rồi?
Translation goes beyond merely converting words from one language to another; it involves conveying the essence of a written text, including its nuances, tone, judgment, and humor The goal is to present the original idea in a way that resonates with the audience in a different language, while preserving the beauty and richness of the source material.
To achieve that, translators must be aware of the culture and particularities that come with it.
However, to successfully localize any text, it is very important to be aware of the context where the text is located.
In translation, context is understood as the "WHAT", "WHERE" and
SUGGESTED TRANSLATION
CHAPTER 1: PRIMAl LEADERSHIP LÃNH ĐẠO NGUYÊN THỦY
Great leadership ignites passion and inspires individuals to reach their full potential While we often attribute its effectiveness to strategy, vision, or compelling ideas, the truth is that it fundamentally operates on an emotional level.
Những nhà lãnh đạo tài năng đã thay đổi chúng ta bằng cách khơi dậy niềm đam mê và truyền cảm hứng hiệu quả Khi tìm hiểu nguyên nhân của sự hiệu quả này, chúng ta thường nghĩ đến chiến lược, tầm nhìn hay ý tưởng táo bạo Tuy nhiên, điều quan trọng hơn cả là khả năng lãnh đạo tuyệt vời chủ yếu đến từ việc kết nối cảm xúc.
Effective leadership hinges on the ability to drive emotions positively, regardless of the strategies implemented or teams mobilized Even with perfect execution in other areas, a leader's success is ultimately diminished if they neglect this fundamental aspect of emotional guidance.
Dù mục tiêu của các nhà lãnh đạo là gì, từ việc xây dựng chiến lược đến điều phối hoạt động nhóm, thành công luôn phụ thuộc vào cách họ thực hiện và vận hành Ngay cả khi tuân thủ đúng quy tắc, nếu các nhà lãnh đạo không biết điều khiển cảm xúc một cách hiệu quả, kết quả đạt được sẽ không như mong đợi.
A pivotal moment occurred in the BBC's news division, which was established as an experimental initiative Despite the dedication of approximately 200 journalists and editors, management ultimately decided to shut down the division.
The executive's announcement to the staff was poorly received, as he began by praising the success of rival companies and sharing highlights from a recent trip to Cannes This approach, combined with his brusque demeanor, fueled an intense anger among employees, who were not only frustrated by the management's decision but also felt a deeper resentment towards the handling of the situation, particularly regarding a pivotal decision within a BBC news division, a major media organization in the UK.
Bộ phận được thiệt lập như một thí nghiệm, và trong khi có đến
200 nhà báo và biên tập viên cảm thấy họ đã cố gắng hết sức, nhưng ban quản lý lại quyết định đóng cửa bộ phận này.
Việc giám đốc điều hành được cử đến để đưa ra quyết định trong cuộc họp nhân viên đã không mang lại hiệu quả, đặc biệt khi ông vừa trở về từ một chuyến đi tuyệt vời đến Cannes và trình bày những báo cáo về hoạt động của đối thủ cạnh tranh Phong cách thô lỗ và phát ngôn gây tranh cãi của ông đã khiến tình hình trở nên tồi tệ hơn, dẫn đến sự phẫn nộ không chỉ đối với quyết định của ban quản lý mà còn đối với bản thân người phát ngôn Không khí căng thẳng đến mức giám đốc điều hành phải gọi bộ phận an ninh để đảm bảo an toàn cho mình khi rời khỏi phòng.
4 The next day, another executive visited the same staff.
He emphasized the vital role of journalism in maintaining a vibrant society, highlighting the intrinsic passion that drives individuals to pursue this field Acknowledging the financial challenges and fluctuating job security inherent in journalism, he reminded the audience that wealth is not the motivation for their careers Instead, he celebrated their dedication to the essential service they provide to the public.
Finally, he wished them all well in getting on with their careers.
Ngày hôm sau, một giám đốc điều hành khác đã đến thăm nhân viên và chia sẻ từ trái tim về tầm quan trọng của báo chí trong xã hội Ông nhấn mạnh rằng không ai làm báo để trở nên giàu có, vì nghề này luôn có thu nhập thấp và sự đảm bảo việc làm đang giảm dần Ông khơi dậy niềm đam mê và sự cống hiến của các nhà báo đối với dịch vụ họ cung cấp, và kết thúc bằng lời chúc tốt đẹp cho tất cả.
After the leader concluded their speech, the staff erupted in cheers, indicating their support and enthusiasm This moment reflects a positive atmosphere that is likely to benefit their careers.
The distinction between leaders is evident in the mood and tone of their messages; one fosters antagonism and hostility, while the other inspires optimism and resilience during challenging times This highlights a vital, yet often overlooked, aspect of leadership: the emotional influence of a leader's words and actions.
Sự khác biệt giữa các nhà lãnh đạo chủ yếu nằm ở cảm xúc và ngữ điệu khi truyền tải thông điệp Một nhà lãnh đạo có thể khơi dậy sự đối kháng và thù địch trong nhóm, trong khi người khác lại truyền cảm hứng và lạc quan ngay cả trong những thời điểm khó khăn Điều này cho thấy tầm quan trọng của tác động cảm xúc trong lời nói và hành động của nhà lãnh đạo.
While many acknowledge the importance of a leader's mood and its influence on the overall atmosphere within an organization, discussions about emotions are frequently regarded as overly personal or difficult to measure However, recent research in emotional intelligence has provided valuable insights into the significant effects that a leader's emotional state can have on their team and organizational culture.
While most people recognize that a leader's mood significantly impacts others within an organization, emotions are often viewed as too personal to analyze in this context However, research in the field of emotions has provided valuable insights into measuring a leader's emotional influence and how effective leaders understand and improve their own emotional management as well as that of their team Acknowledging the vital role of emotions in the workplace distinguishes exceptional leaders from the rest, leading not only to tangible benefits like improved business results and talent retention but also to essential intangibles such as increased morale, motivation, and commitment.
This emotional task of the leader is primal—that is, first— in two senses: It is both the original and the most important act of leadership
Leaders have always played an emotional role No doubt humankind’s original leaders— whether tribal chieftains or
Cảm xúc của một nhà lãnh đạo là yếu tố thiết yếu và không thể thiếu, đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc lãnh đạo hiệu quả Đây không chỉ là hành động cơ bản mà còn là điều kiện tiên quyết để xây dựng mối quan hệ tốt với nhân viên và tạo động lực cho đội ngũ.