INTRODUCTION
Reason of the study
In today's globalized world, English has become increasingly vital across all areas of life, serving as a crucial tool for international communication and integration Proficiency in English not only opens doors to better career opportunities but also fosters connections with people worldwide The industrial sector is a cornerstone of every nation's economy, and enhancing productivity requires improved facilities and a commitment to advancing scientific and technological knowledge As technology evolves rapidly, staying informed and expanding our expertise is essential While various resources like the internet and newspapers offer insights into technological advancements, the most effective approach is to engage in technology exchange with other countries.
Industrial paint, though a small segment of the industry, plays a crucial role in the development of factories by decorating and protecting equipment from oxidation while enhancing their efficiency The diverse and intriguing terminology associated with industrial paint provides valuable insights that can improve product quality and technical understanding My interest in industrial paint stems from a desire to gain a comprehensive understanding of technical translation in this field through my research.
Aims of the study
The study on translation of terms related to Industrial paint aims to figure out an overview on translation strategies and procedures commonly used in Industrial paint field
In details, my Graduation Papers aims at:
Collecting and presenting Basic English terms in Industrial paint
Providing their Vietnamese equivalences and expressions
Preliminarily analyzing translation strategies and procedures employed in translation of these English terms into Vietnamese
Providing students majoring in the subject and those who may concern a draft and short reference of Basic English terms in Industrial paint and their corresponding Vietnamese
I hope this study can provide readers with overall comprehension about the information from written context and from visual forms of presentation related to Industrial paint‟s terms.
Scope of the study
Studying technical terms requires significant effort and time due to their diverse vocabularies and the constant evolution of information The urgency of accumulating specialized knowledge is evident, yet my research is limited by time constraints and knowledge scope Therefore, I concentrate on translation strategies and conduct a contrastive analysis of specific terms related to industrial paint in both English and Vietnamese.
Method of the study
In my Graduation Paper, I have compiled English and Vietnamese terms sourced from the Internet, industrial dictionaries, and referenced books The data is categorized into groups based on shared characteristics, with numerous examples and illustrations provided in each section All information has been carefully selected from credible sources to ensure its reliability.
Design of the study
My Graduation Paper is divided into three parts, in which the second part is the most important
Part I is the INTRODUCTION, consisting of reason of the study, aims of the study, scope of the study, method of the study and design of the study
Part II is the DEVELOPMENT, containing three chapters:
Chapter 1 is theoretical background which focuses on the definition, method, procedures of translation in general and ESP translation Chapter 2 is an investigation on translation of terms related so Industrial paint from English into Vietnamese with the translation strategies
Chapter 3 is the implication of difficulties in translating technical terms and some tips for better translation
Part III is the CONCLUSION, including main findings and suggestion for further studies.
DEVELOPMENT
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Translation is not merely converting a text's meaning into another language as intended by the author; it often involves the challenge of transferring source language elements into the target language, especially in various types of texts such as administrative and cultural documents Today, translation permeates every aspect of our lives, and its definitions are diverse This study will explore some fundamental definitions that provide a theoretical foundation for understanding translation.
Translation involves interpreting the meaning of a source text and producing an equivalent text in a different language, known as the target language The original text is referred to as the Source Language (SL), while the translated version is called the Target Language (TL) The end result of this process is often termed the target text.
Translation involves abstracting the meaning of a text from its original language and effectively reproducing that meaning in the distinct forms of a second language This process highlights the transformative nature of translation, where the essence of the original content is preserved despite the differences in linguistic structure.
“Translation is basically a change of form In translation the form of the source language is replaced by the form of the receptor (target language)” (Linguist, Larson, M.L, 1984:3)
Translation is the process of interpreting the meaning of a text and creating an equivalent version that conveys the same message in a different language.
Despite minor variations in wording, these definitions highlight the significance of identifying the closest equivalent meaning through careful selection of the target language's lexical and grammatical structures, as well as considering the communication context and cultural nuances Additionally, the process of translating between languages necessitates an understanding of the various types of translation, which will be explored further in the subsequent section.
Translators utilize various methods to convey their opinions and achieve precise interpretations of key issues, often facing challenges that require diverse strategies and analytical perspectives This article will explore essential translation types, starting with word-for-word translation, which retains the source language's wording and translates terms by their most common meanings, often used to grasp the mechanics of the source language or to simplify complex texts Additionally, literal translation serves as a broader approach, allowing for a more nuanced understanding of the original content.
In translation, the source language (SL) has corresponding target language (TL) words, although their primary meanings may differ Grammatical constructions from the SL are translated into their nearest equivalents in the TL, while lexical items may be translated out of context Literal translation serves as a fundamental step in both communicative and semantic translation, marking the beginning of the translation process and highlighting potential issues Faithful translation aims to accurately convey the original's contextual meaning within the constraints of the TL's grammatical structures, while also transferring cultural terms and maintaining the degree of grammatical and lexical deviation.
Translation methods vary significantly, each serving distinct purposes Semantic translation focuses on preserving the aesthetic value of the source language (SL) text while remaining flexible with meaning, as highlighted by Newmark (1982), who emphasizes the importance of contextual accuracy In contrast, adaptation offers a freer approach, particularly for plays and poetry, where themes and characters are preserved but cultural elements are transformed to fit the target language (TL) context, as noted by Dung Vu (2004) Free translation prioritizes conveying the essence of the SL rather than adhering closely to the original, often resulting in longer paraphrases that may sound more natural but risk losing fidelity to the source Idiomatic translation targets colloquialisms and idioms, avoiding literal translations to better capture the intended meaning Finally, communicative translation aims to deliver the original's contextual meaning in a way that is easily understood by the audience, while still respecting the source text's form (Newmark, 1982).
Equivalence, as defined by the dictionary, refers to the similarity or interchangeability between two entities In the context of translation, equivalence describes the nature and extent of the relationships between source language (SL) and target language (TL) texts or smaller linguistic units.
The challenge of equivalence is a crucial aspect of translation, focusing on identifying appropriate counterparts in the target language for expressions found in the source language.
The comparison of texts across languages inherently requires a theory of equivalence Vanessa Leonardo states that equivalence is a pivotal issue in translation, yet its definition and relevance have sparked significant debate within translation theory Over the past fifty years, numerous theories of equivalence have been developed, reflecting the complexity and diversity of approaches in this field.
Translation equivalence is the similarity between a word (or expression) in one language and its translation in another This similarity results from overlapping ranges of reference
Translation equivalence is a corresponding word or expression in another language
Nida and Taber (1982) argued that there are two different types of equivalence, namely formal equivalence – which in the second edition by Nida and Taber
In their 1982 work, the theorists distinguish between formal correspondence and dynamic equivalence in translation Formal correspondence emphasizes the message's form and content, while dynamic equivalence focuses on achieving an equivalent effect on the target audience The second edition offers a more comprehensive exploration of these two types of equivalence.
Formal correspondence in translation involves using a target language (TL) item that closely matches a source language (SL) word or phrase Nida and Taber (1982) emphasize that formal equivalents are not always available between languages, and they recommend their use when the goal is to achieve a formal rather than a dynamic equivalent However, relying on formal equivalents can lead to misunderstandings for the target audience, as noted by Fawcett (1997) Nida and Taber further argue that such correspondence can distort the grammatical and stylistic patterns of the receptor language, ultimately causing confusion for the reader (Ibid: 201).
Dynamic equivalence is a translation principle where the translator focuses on conveying the original meaning in a way that evokes the same response from the target language audience as the source text did for its audience According to Nida and Taber (1982), this often involves altering the original text's form; however, as long as these changes adhere to the rules of back transformation into the source language, maintain contextual consistency, and ensure proper transformation in the receptor language, the core message remains intact, preserving the faithfulness of the translation.
According to Newmark (1988), the primary goal of translation should be to achieve "equivalent effect," meaning the translation should evoke the same response in its audience as the original text did He considers this equivalence effect a desirable outcome rather than the main objective of translation, except in two situations: first, when the source language (SL) text aims to persuade while the target language (TL) translation intends to inform, or vice versa; and second, when there is a significant cultural gap between the SL and TL texts.
Cummins, J (1979) considers five types of equivalence:
Denotative equivalence: the SL and the TL word refer to the same thing in the real world It is an equivalence of the extra linguistic content of a text
Connotative equivalence: this type of equivalence provides additional value and is achieved by the translator‟s choice of synonymous words or expressions
Text-normative equivalence: the SL and the TL words are used in the same or similar context in their respective languages
Pragmatic equivalence: with readership orientation, the SL and TL words have the same effect on their respective readers
Formal equivalence: this type of equivalence produces as analogy of form in the translation by either exploiting formal possibilities of TL, or creating new forms in TL
Although equivalence translation is defined with different points of view of theorists, it is the same effective equivalence between SL and TL
English for Specific Purpose (ESP) is a worldwide subject Hutchinson and Waters
AN INVESTIGATION ON RELATED TERMS IN
1 Nouns related to industrial paint’s classification
In industry, paint is classified into many different kinds due to purpose of usage This part will introduce some common terms related to industrial paint‟s classification
Powder coating Sơn tĩnh điện, sơn bột
This kind of coating consists of dry powder and applied electrostatically on painted objects The word
The term "electrostatical" is not present in the source language (SL), but it describes a key characteristic of the object, leading to its inclusion in the target language (TL) based on this attribute This translation strategy is commonly employed in technical contexts.
In both the source language (SL) and target language (TL), the term "water paint" can be misleading, as its primary component is not water but rather a solvent Despite this discrepancy between the name and the actual composition, readers can still grasp the concept due to the characteristics and structure of the paint.
The noun “primer” comes from the verb “prime” which means as
The term "primer," derived from the Vietnamese words "mồi" and "mớm," refers to a foundational coating applied to surfaces to prepare them for subsequent layers This initial application, often referred to as "sơn lót" by workers, serves as a key for the next coat, ensuring better adhesion and finish The suffix "er" transforms the verb into a noun without altering its meaning, highlighting the primer's essential role in the painting process.
Lacquers are paints that dry through the evaporation of solvents and consist of a solid binder dissolved in a solvent However, they are not ideal for applications requiring chemical resistance The term "lacquer" is generally well understood due to established translation strategies for non-equivalence.
Top-coating/over-coating Sơn phủ
The presence of two terms for coating in SL, contrasted with a single term in TL, stems from the Vietnamese word "phủ," which encompasses both "top" and "over." In the context of industrial painting, "phủ" signifies a covering layer, referring to the final coating that envelops the entire surface and any preceding layers Consequently, the translator opts for a single term in TL while effectively capturing the dual meaning inherent in SL.
Anti-fouling paint Sơn chống gỉ
Anti-fouling paint is widely used in the industrial sector, particularly in the marine industry, where it is applied to the hulls of ships and boats Since vessels spend approximately 90% of their time submerged, their underwater hulls provide an ideal environment for fouling organisms to thrive To combat this issue, anti-fouling paints work by gradually releasing toxins into the vessel's lamellar sub-layer, effectively protecting the hull and preventing the settlement of these unwanted organisms.
Marine Paint Sơn tàu thuỷ
Marine paint, a term that encompasses various coatings used in the marine industry, includes the widely recognized anti-fouling paint These paints come in a range of colors and types, characterized by their waterproof properties and resistance to high pressure In addition to preventing fouling, marine paints play a crucial role in safeguarding the hull from leaks and structural failures, which can lead to capsizing during severe storms.
There also many terms related to the classification of industrial paint:
Electrostatic Fluidized Bed Coating Sơn điện tầng sôi
Varnish Sơn vẹc-ni, sơn dầu bong
Emulsion paint Sơn nhũ tương
Traffic paint Sơn giao thong
Electrostatic Discharging Coating Sơn sàn giải tĩnh điện
Solvent Free Coating Sơn không dung môi
Freshly mixed paint Sơn mới pha trộn
Paint film/film build Màng sơn
Vacuum coating Sơn chân không
Low-viscosity epoxy Sơn epox độ nhớt thấp
Conventional paint Sơn thông dụng
UV-curable paint Sơn dựa theo công nghệ làm khô UV
Lead paint Sơn có chì
Oxidative cure coating Sơn khô bằng phương pháp oxi hoá
Color changing paint Sơn đổi màu
Intermediate coat Sơn trung gian
Anti-climb paint Sơn chống trèo
Textured paint Sơn kết cấu
Anti-fouling paint Sơn chống gỉ
2 Nouns related to industrial paint’s materials and equipments
Industrial paint serves to protect machinery from oxidation and enhance the aesthetic appeal of workspaces Various materials are utilized in industrial paint, each possessing unique characteristics and distinct translations into Vietnamese The following examples will illustrate these differences more clearly.
This is an example of loan words In industry, “amiăng” is a soft fibrous mineral substance and it is used as a fireproof material In industrial painting context,
Asbestos serves as a protective material against high temperatures, demonstrating the use of loanwords in translation The term remains largely unchanged in both English and Vietnamese, with only minor pronunciation differences, signifying the same concept of safeguarding substrates from fire This adaptation facilitates easier pronunciation for Vietnamese speakers while retaining the original meaning, making it advantageous for learners Such familiarity aids in memory retention, allowing readers to engage with the content without boredom Consequently, mastering these terms becomes more efficient, as the recognizable form in both languages reduces the time needed for study.
Fibrous cement sheeting Tấm xi măng thô
The term "fibrous," defined as "having fibers," does not translate directly to "tấm xi măng sợi" when referring to "fibrous cement sheeting." This is because fibrous cement features a rough surface that requires cleaning before painting, leading to a significant difference in meaning between the target language (TL) and the source language (SL), yet still ensuring that readers can easily grasp the concept.
The term "vehicle," commonly associated with "xe cộ," is often misunderstood in industrial contexts, where it may refer to either a binder or a solvent This inconsistency poses challenges for both readers and translators attempting to grasp its meaning To accurately interpret "vehicle," it is essential to consider the paint's composition and the specific material being referenced Utilizing recognized translation strategies for non-equivalence can enhance understanding This example highlights the complexities involved in word translation and the difficulties of distinguishing meanings even within the source language.
There is a bit difference between the meaning of the word in
In the context of translation, the term "thinner" in the source language (SL) refers to a substance used to dilute, as defined in the dictionary However, in the industrial sector, oil serves as the primary solvent for thinning paint, facilitating its application on surfaces like walls, metal, or wood Although the word "oil" is absent in the target language (TL), its significance is still conveyed, illustrating a common challenge in translating technical terminology.
While this example may appear similar to the term "thinner," a closer examination reveals that the dictionary definition of "cleaning" does not include "dầu rửa" but rather refers to "người lao công" or "dọn phòng." In industrial settings, workers utilize a solvent primarily composed of oil to clean surfaces post-painting, and this solvent is commonly referred to as "oil."
The term "filler" derives from the verb "fill," meaning to complete or occupy space The addition of the suffix "er" transforms it into a noun that refers to a material used for filling In industrial applications, fillers are commonly low-density concrete or adhesive substances employed to seal cracks in surfaces such as walls and floors, preventing the deterioration of coatings.
The term "roller," derived from the verb "roll," refers to a construction vehicle known as "xe lu" in Vietnamese Despite the differences in terminology, rollers share a common structure consisting of two main components: the "roller frame" and the "roller cover." This highlights the importance of selecting equivalent terms in the target language during technical research.
IMPLICATION
I Difficulties in translation of related terms in Industrial paint
Translating technical terms related to industrial paint from English to Vietnamese presents unique challenges Students researching the translation of these specialized terms should be mindful of the difficulties they may encounter.
Understanding industrial paint can be challenging due to the use of technical terminology that differs significantly from everyday meanings This discrepancy can lead to confusion for researchers who may misinterpret commonly used terms in the context of industrial applications.
Researchers face significant challenges when studying industrial paint, primarily due to the extensive terminology that requires considerable time to comprehend both in context and application To gain a deeper understanding, they must visit factories to observe the practical use of industrial paint and the various objects involved in the painting process Additionally, the vast scope of terms related to industrial paint makes it difficult to cover all aspects of the field With an abundance of information on types, characteristics, and colors, researchers need to focus on specific areas to conduct their studies effectively.
Three difficulties mentioned above are commonly met when doing the research on translation terms related to Industrial paint Researchers should overcome the difficulties to get a successful research
II Some tips for better translation
Students should dedicate more time to visiting industrial sites to gain practical knowledge By observing operations firsthand, they can better understand the meaning of technical terms in a real-world context For example, witnessing processes in action can clarify complex concepts and enhance their learning experience.
The term "roller" is widely recognized, yet its application in the industrial paint sector remains unfamiliar to many Understanding the function and characteristics of rollers in this field is essential for improving our translation and comprehension of their role in industrial painting processes.
To enhance their understanding of industrial paint terminology, learners can utilize the Internet as a valuable resource for reference documents that define and explain each term Additionally, the availability of illustrative images online aids in grasping the practical applications of these terms without needing to visit an industrial site Furthermore, seeking out technical documents in bookstores is essential for distinguishing terms in specific contexts and deepening one's knowledge in the field.
CONCLUSION
Summary
This graduation paper is structured into three parts, with Part II focusing on the research of translation terms related to industrial paint, making it the most significant section Each chapter delves into different fields, providing in-depth analysis and numerous procedures supported by illustrations and examples for enhanced understanding The translation process not only involves transferring meanings from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL) but also highlights the differences in word usage between the two languages Terms are categorized into various sections, including business and medical terms, with a particular emphasis on technical terms in industrial paint, which are culturally neutral and require specific translation methods It is important to note that terms in technical texts are translated differently than those in general texts, as their meaning is influenced by function and context Ultimately, this study aids learners in acquiring effective procedures for accurate and straightforward translation of industrial paint terminology from English to Vietnamese.
Suggestions for further study
As the country develops, the importance of industry and its various sectors continues to grow, necessitating a high level of expertise in translating industry-specific terminology To facilitate easier translation of industrial terms, further research is essential, focusing on multiple perspectives, particularly the effects of these translations on readers Ultimately, readers serve as the final and most crucial evaluators of translations, underscoring the need for thorough studies in this field.
In conclusion, my thesis aims to enhance the study of English-Vietnamese translations in academic and media contexts I believe it serves as a valuable resource for individuals striving to improve their translation skills I hope readers find my work both engaging and beneficial for their future endeavors, viewing it as a worthwhile reference.
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