La traduction : généralités ?
1.1.1 La définition de la traduction au sens général?
1.1.2 La définition de la traduction à la théorie interprétative
1.1.3 Les trois niveaux de la traduction
Une bonne traduction
1.2.1 Qu’est-ce qu’une bonne traduction ?
1.2.4.3 L’identité du contenu, l’équivalence de la forme
L’explications des erreurs relevées du corpus
1.2.4.3 L’identité du contenu, l’équivalence de la forme
Chapitre 2 Des difficultés rencontrées souvent en traduction de francais en vietnamien chez les étudiants en pédagogie de quatrième année du Dộpartement de Langue et de Culture Franỗaises
2.3 L’explication des erreurs relevées du corpus
L’amélioration des compétences intellectuelles
This chapter focuses on presenting various definitions of translation from different authors We aim to select a specific translation theory to explore the process and the three distinct levels of translation Additionally, we will outline the criteria for achieving high-quality translations based on interpretive theory By utilizing theoretical foundations, we can analyze translation errors made by students.
1.1.1 La définition de la traduction au sens général
In this section, we will examine existing definitions and clarify which one aligns best with our approach, reformulating it to suit the context of our research.
En effet, le verbe traduire apparaợt en 1539, une annộe avant l’apparition du substantif traduction, terme du traductologue de première heure Etienne Dolet
Translation, derived from the Latin term "traducĕre," refers to the process of converting a text from one language to another This concept of transition is echoed in the definition by early translation theorists J.P Vinay and J Darbelnet, who describe translation as "the passage from language A to language B to express the same reality X." In their preface, they illustrate this idea with an example of traveling in a car from Canada to France (a distance of 5000 km), where they convey English signs from one location to another.
According to A.V Fedorov, translation involves enabling a person who does not know a foreign language to understand the original text in that language Essentially, translation is the use of one language to convey the meaning of another.
5 avec exactitude ce qu’on explique dans une autre langue tout en gardant le contenu et la forme ằ
At first glance, it is evident that this etymological understanding of translation highlights the significance of the languages involved: the source language (SL) and the target language (TL) This relationship can be illustrated in the following diagram.
This concept positions translation as a form of bilingualism, which is partially accurate However, translation encompasses more than just bilingualism The authors of "La stylistique comparée du français et de l'anglais" (SCFA) also consider the notion of equivalence, referring to the ability of texts to represent a situation using entirely different stylistic and structural means Consequently, translation involves transposing the situation S from the source language into its equivalent S' in the target language.
Texte LD = Texte LA (L’équivalence des textes repose sur l’équivalence des situations)
Dans un chapitre intitulé "qu'est-ce que la traduction?", Charles Taber et
Eugène Nida (1971) defines translation not merely as the conversion of a text from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL), but rather as the reproduction of the message from the source language into the target language.
Translation involves conveying the message from the source language into the target language using the closest and most natural equivalent, focusing first on meaning and then on style.
This definition implicitly places translation within the broader realm of cognition By referring to "reproduction," it suggests that the translator first comprehends the message before re-expressing it in the target language.
Jean Dubois (1973 :490) donnent à l’opération de traduire le sens suivant :
“Traduire c’est énoncer dans une autre langue (ou langue cible) ce qui a été énoncé dans une langue source, conservant les équivalents sémantiques et stylistiques”
Pour sa part, Jean – René Ladmiral (1979 :223) définit la traduction comme
Translation is a process of metacommunication that maintains the identity of speech through the differences between languages In both the previous and current definitions, translation is viewed as a rephrasing of a message as understood in the source language.
The significance we place on languages in translation raises the point that translation always occurs from one language to another While this statement highlights the activation of linguistic meanings, it is essential to recognize that the act of translation itself is inherently an enunciative process.
Languages serve as the vehicles for messages, and denying this is to overlook the significance of translation As Maurice Pergnier (1993:21) states, "Every message carries the language that mediates and manifests it, and they are closely intertwined, as one would not exist without the other."
By embracing contemporary translation theory, which asserts that translation focuses on the message, we position translation as a linguistic operation and a communicative act rather than a mere interlinguistic comparison, as suggested by Vinay and Darbelnet The essence of the message is defined not by systems of signs but in relation to various contextual parameters.
7 d’énonciation : l’énonciateur et/ou le locuteur, le destinataire, l’objet du message, la situation spatio-temporelle, les intentions du locuteur, l’implicite, le contexte cognitif partagé
Translation can be defined in two ways, as noted by Maurice Pergnier (1993: 83) Negatively, translation is not merely an operation that arises from pre-existing equivalences between the signs of two languages Positively, it is the process that establishes equivalences through messages, involving signs that are not viewed in isolation as interchangeable equivalents.
This approach to translation emphasizes the importance of understanding the complete message within a statement rather than focusing solely on linguistic units It allows for a complete reorganization of the original statement, freeing the translator from being constrained by the words and structures of the source language.