Актуальность темы
Phraseology is a treasure trove and enduring value of any language, reflecting the history, moral values, and beliefs of a people It encapsulates the emotional and cultural landscape of a nation, making it closely tied to linguistic production Furthermore, phraseology serves as an inexhaustible source for understanding language as a dynamic system, containing both modern expressions and relics from ancient times For those interested in their cultural heritage, exploring phraseology is an engaging pursuit In Russian, phraseological units are essential components of the vocabulary, showcasing the national specificity and uniqueness of the language They embody the rich historical experience of the Russian people, linked to their labor, daily life, and culture As a distinct linguistic discipline, Russian phraseology emerged in the 1940s, attracting significant scholarly attention from linguists such as V.V Vinogradov and A.A Potebnya Numerous studies, including works by N.M Shansky and others, delve into various aspects of phraseology Our observations indicate that phraseological expressions are widely used across different contexts, including the works of individual authors However, the use of phraseology in the novel "The Raised Virgin Land" remains an underexplored area.
The phraseological analysis of literary works aims to identify the phraseological units used by the author and to demonstrate how the writer creatively transforms and revitalizes this material M.A Sholokhov, a prominent Soviet writer, showcases a remarkable linguistic phenomenon in 20th-century Russian and world literature His artistry lies in crafting precise realistic depictions that simultaneously serve as symbols, infused with powerful imagery and emotional depth The language of Sholokhov and his characters is rich with authentic treasures drawn from vibrant, expressive folk speech K Ryashenetsov noted that dialectal elements, encompassing phonetic, morphological, lexical, syntactic, and phraseological aspects, have been integral to the writer's Russian since childhood, inevitably influencing his works In "And Quiet Flows the Don," dialectisms contribute to the local speech color, reflecting the diverse personalities of characters like Grandfather Shchukary, Andrei Razmetnov, Makhar Nagulnov, Semyon Davydov, and Kondrat Maidannikov, thereby enhancing their individuality Sholokhov's unique use of proverbs and phraseological expressions endows his characters with distinct traits His invaluable contribution to global culture continues to resonate, gaining new appeal with each generation that engages with his works "And Quiet Flows the Don" will always find its readers, embodying the enduring power and joy of the artist Although Sholokhov's works have been translated into Vietnamese, there remains a lack of specialized research on the translation of his phraseological units from Russian to Vietnamese, highlighting the relevance of this study.
Объект исследования
Объектом исследования являются фразеологизмы, извлеченные из романа
The article discusses the concept of phraseological units, specifically focusing on the Russian term "Поднятая целина" and its Vietnamese equivalents Phraseological units are defined as stable, meaningful expressions that maintain a consistent semantic structure and convey a unified meaning It is important to note that proverbs, sayings, and aphorisms are not included in this study, as they do not fit the definition of phraseological units being analyzed.
Научная повизна работы
Научная повизна работы заключается в том, что в диссертации впервые:
- систематически рассматриваются виды фразеологизмов, использованных в романе ―Поднятая целина‖;
- описываются фразеологизмы а романе ―Поднятая целина‖ М Шолохова в связи с проблемами передачи их с русского языка на вьетнамский.
Цель и задачи исследования
Настоящая работа имеет своей целью рассмотреть употребление фразеологизмов в романе ―Поднятая целина‖ и способы их передачи с русского языка на вьетнамский Реализация поставленной цели осуществляется решением следующих частных задач:
- рассмотреть основные точки зрения на фразеологические единицы русского и вьетнамского языков и их классификации;
- проанализировать употребление фразеологизмов в романе ―Поднятая целина‖ М Шолохова
- рассмотреть и предложить способы передачи фразеологизмов в
―Поднятая целина‖ с русского языка на вьетнамский
Mатериалом исследования послужили произведение ―Поднятая целина‖ и его перевод во вьетнамском языке.
Методы исследования
Основным методом исследования в работе является описательно – сопоставительный метод Кроме того, используются приѐм статистики, метод компонентного анализа и комментированние литературных произведений В процессе сопоставления русский язык считается исходным языком
1 Теоретическая значимость диссертации определяется тем, что еѐ результаты, полученные в процессе исследования, будут вносить определенный вклад в изучение фразеологии не только русского, но и вьетнамского языков
The practical significance of the dissertation lies in its findings, which can serve as valuable resources for those studying the Russian language Specifically, the materials and results obtained from this research may be utilized in university courses on contemporary Russian, in courses on Russian phraseology, particularly for interpreting literary works, and in the practice of translating Russian idioms into Vietnamese.
The work is structured into an introduction, three main chapters, and a conclusion The introduction justifies the choice of the problem, highlighting the theoretical and practical significance of the study, as well as outlining the research methods The first chapter provides a brief overview and various classifications of Russian phraseology, along with a general description of Vietnamese phraseology It also touches upon the translation issues from Russian to Vietnamese, particularly regarding the rendering of Russian idioms into Vietnamese The second chapter focuses on the classification of phraseological units within the novel.
In the third chapter of M.A Sholokhov's "And Quiet Flows the Don," an exploration of the methods for translating phraseological units from Russian to Vietnamese is presented The conclusion summarizes the key findings of the study, while the bibliography includes a list of the literature utilized Additionally, a compilation of factual material sources is provided at the end of the work, which spans 63 pages Chapter 1 focuses on the theoretical foundations of the research.
Russian phraseology has long attracted the attention of linguists, but its study as a distinct field has only emerged recently Consequently, the definitions, scope, and methodologies surrounding it remain somewhat unclear Scholars are divided on what constitutes a phraseological unit, with some, like V.A Larin and S.I Ozhegov, restricting the term to equivalent semantic renewals and metaphorization, excluding proverbs and sayings In contrast, others, such as L.A Bulakhovsky and A.I Efimov, include these expressions alongside idiomatic phrases and well-known quotations Academician V.V Vinogradov argues that proverbs and sayings differ semantically and syntactically from phraseological units, defining a phraseologism as a reproducible language unit composed of two or more significant words, cohesive in meaning and stable in structure Despite the lack of consensus among linguists, phraseologisms exist as independent language units with unique categorical features, such as lexical meaning, component composition, and grammatical categories It is crucial to delineate phraseologisms from free word combinations and individual words, as they share common characteristics and origins Both phraseologisms and words are ready-to-use language units with reproducibility, lexical meaning, and grammatical categories, evidenced by their relationships in sentences, which mirror those between individual words For example, in the sentence "So I got married, and the celebrated honeymoon began," the adjective "celebrated" agrees with the nominal phraseologism.
The phraseological unit, or "phraseologism," can govern a word, as seen in the example where it controls the complement "red Levin." Its lexical meaning and grammatical categories form the essence of the phraseologism, which acts as a cohesive whole in a sentence Depending on its lexical-grammatical characteristics, a noun phraseologism can function as a subject, object, or part of a compound predicate, while verbal phraseologisms serve as predicates or objects Similarly, adjectival and adverbial phraseologisms can serve as definitions or various circumstances Phraseological units, like words, are characterized by reproducibility; they are not created spontaneously but are traditionally reproduced However, phraseologisms cannot be equated with words entirely, as they represent more complex lexical units formed by combinations of two or more words Unlike free word combinations, phraseologisms lose their individual word characteristics, such as lexical meaning and syntactic function, and their components no longer maintain their relationships as independent words Phraseologisms are lexically stable, typically retaining a consistent composition, and their meanings cannot be derived from the sum of their parts, as illustrated by the difference between "to eat a chicken" and "to eat a dog" in their respective contexts Each phraseologism is grammatically structured, fitting into a specific grammatical category and exhibiting a range of paradigmatic forms, thereby fulfilling its syntactic role within a sentence.
The classification of Russian phraseological units varies among scholars P.A Lekant and his colleagues include proverbs, sayings, and catchphrases in their definitions of phraseological units R.I Yarantsev's dictionary categorizes them into specific groups based on semantic characteristics In contrast, N.M Shansky, L.A Bukhalovsky, and others encompass proverbs and quotations in their classifications We align with V.V Vinogradov's perspective, as his classification is widely recognized and accurately reflects the essence of phraseological units Vinogradov's semantic-based classification considers the degree of semantic proximity between different types of phraseological expressions and distinguishes three types: phraseological fusions, unities, and combinations Phraseological fusions are indivisible and irreducible stable combinations whose meanings are not dependent on the meanings of their components, such as "a mosquito won't bite" or "to eat a dog." These fusions originated from metaphorical meanings that have since become obscure In contrast, phraseological unities maintain a general metaphorical meaning while clearly preserving the semantic separateness of their components, as seen in expressions like "to hold a grudge" or "to air dirty laundry."
In contemplating the potential consequences of his actions, Davydov shivered at the thought of what might have happened had he not regained control in time Unlike phraseological unities, which are characterized by vivid imagery and metaphorical meaning recognized in contemporary language, phraseological combinations consist of stable expressions that include both free and phraseologically linked meanings Prominent linguist V B Vinogradov highlights that the distinctiveness of phraseological unities lies in their striking imagery, component rearrangement, and emotional expressiveness Phraseological combinations, such as "black horse" or "tearful weeping," feature a core word with a fixed meaning and a variable component Unlike unities and splotches, which possess an indivisible meaning, combinations allow for component variation, synonym substitution, and the inclusion of modifiers, as illustrated in the example regarding the communalization of poultry and livestock due to fears of slaughter.
1.2 Краткая история изучения фразеологии во вьетнамском языке
Vietnamese phraseology is widely used in both spoken and written language, with linguists estimating over 9,000 phraseological units In the 1940s, phraseology was examined alongside proverbs, sayings, and idiomatic expressions, leading to the distinction between phraseological units and proverbs being proposed in 1943 Recently, the field has garnered attention from several Vietnamese linguists, including Vu Zung, Vu Thuy Anh, Nguyen Nhi I, Nguyen Hang, and Hoang Van Hanh Numerous works, including monographs and articles by scholars like Do Hiu Chau, Nguyen Thien Zap, Hoang Van Hanh, Dyk Lam, Chi Shoi, and Phan Van Kue, have explored various aspects of Vietnamese phraseology Hoang Van Hanh provides a definition of phraseological units in his work.
Thành ngữ là những cụm từ có cấu trúc ổn định và ý nghĩa trọn vẹn, thường được sử dụng trong giao tiếp hàng ngày, đặc biệt là trong lời nói Sự nghiên cứu so sánh về phraséologie giữa tiếng Việt và tiếng Nga đã được thúc đẩy bởi các nhà ngôn ngữ học Nga, như Chương Đông Sơn, Nguyễn Xuân Hoa, và Phùng Trọng Toàn.
Researchers have examined Russian phraseological units in comparison with Vietnamese ones While Vietnamese linguists often focus on structural and semantic aspects when studying phraseological units, their opinions frequently diverge regarding the essence of phraseological units and their relationship to similar entities This includes differences in the criteria used to identify phraseological units and their classification In this work, we align with the perspective of Professor Nguyen Lan.
―Фразеологизм представляет собой устойчивое словосочетание, которое широко употребляется в устной речи‖
1.2.2 Классификация вьетнамских фразеологизмов На основании структурных и семантических признаков выделяются три основного типа вьетнамских фразеологизмов: сравнительные фразеологизмы, симметричные фразеологизмы и фразеологизмы метафоризации
Cụm từ so sánh là những cụm từ cố định được hình thành từ cách so sánh, mang ý nghĩa biểu tượng Chúng được tạo ra bằng cách sử dụng các từ so sánh như: như, bằng, tày, ví dụ như đẹp như tiên, coi trời bằng vung, chẳng tày gang, đắt như tôm tươi Nhóm cụm từ này đã được các nhà ngôn ngữ học Việt Nam nghiên cứu kỹ lưỡng, chẳng hạn như Chương Đông Sang, Hoàng Văn Hạnh, Lương Văn Đẳng, Nguyễn Lực Theo thống kê của nhà ngôn ngữ học Lương Văn Đẳng
―количество сравнительных фразеологизмов занимает 41,3% среди всех вьетнамских фразеологизов‖ В своей работе профессор Чыонг Донг Шан предложил общую схему фразеологизмов сравнительного типа
A – сравнивающий компонент В – сравнительный компонент По мнению Чыонг Донг Шана, среди сравнительных фразеологизмов выделяются четыре типа:
1) A như B Xấu như ma, đẹp như tiên, hiền như bụt, khoẻ như vâm…
2) (A) như B (đen) như cột nhà cháy, (đắt) như tôm tươi, (làm) như mèo mửa…
3) như B như ong vỡ tổ, như nước vỡ bờ, như gà mất mẹ, như cá để miệng mèo…
4) A B dẻo quẹo, đen thui, trắng bóc, hiền khô…
Các cụm từ phức hợp đối xứng, như mẹ tròn con vuông, thay lòng đổi dạ, vạn sự khởi đầu nan, có làm có ăn, tay làm hàm nhai, chiếm 32% trong số các thành ngữ tiếng Việt.
Theo thống kê của nhà ngôn ngữ học Lыонг Ван Данг, các thành ngữ mang tính ẩn dụ chiếm 26,6% trong số các thành ngữ tiếng Việt Những thành ngữ này mang đậm bản sắc văn hóa dân tộc, tồn tại trong một ngôn ngữ nhưng không có trong ngôn ngữ khác như sư tử Hà Đông, há miệng mắc quai, đũa mốc chòi mâm son, đom đóm ngọn tre, bò thấy nhà táng Điều này cho thấy sự sinh động và hình ảnh trong các thành ngữ này phản ánh rõ nét đời sống vật chất và tinh thần của người Việt qua các giai đoạn lịch sử.
The semantics of phraseological units in M.A Sholokhov's "And Quiet Flows the Don" largely depend on their structural organization Some phrases follow a collocation scheme, such as "to turn one's head," "for the sake of it," and "in the sweat of one's brow." Others are complete sentences like "keep your pockets wide" and "the cat cried." Phraseological units formed by non-predicative combinations can be unambiguous or polysemous, often engaging in synonymic and antonymic relationships and uniting thematically based on semantic commonality The majority of these units are unambiguous, as their formation results from the metaphorical reinterpretation of free collocations This repeated metaphorization can lead to polysemous phrases that possess only metaphorical meanings, such as "to play the fool," which can mean both "to loaf around" and "to act frivolously." In "And Quiet Flows the Don," the phrase "to play the fool" is used in its second sense Overall, phraseological units in Sholokhov's work are utilized in a diverse and expressive manner, with approximately 200 units selected for classification in this study.
The classification of phraseological units based on lexical and semantic criteria in M.A Sholokhov's novel "And Quiet Flows the Don" involves analyzing the lexical meanings of these units to determine if their meanings align with established phrases found in phraseological and explanatory dictionaries This analysis aims to identify the number of meanings associated with each phraseological unit and to explore whether the author provides unique interpretations of these phrases The phraseological expressions in "And Quiet Flows the Don" can be categorized into three groups: a) standard phraseological units, b) modified phraseological units, and c) original authorial phraseological units.