problems in translation of the terminology in economic texts CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

Rationale

English has emerged as a global lingua franca, spoken as a primary language in nearly 60 countries and as a second language in around 100 others, boasting over 1.13 billion native speakers Each nation retains its unique culture and language, necessitating bilingualism for effective international communication The English translation industry has developed to assist those struggling with learning a second language As a key medium for international communication, science, aviation, and business, English is widely taught in universities worldwide.

The rapid development of society and global economies has made the economic and trade sector a crucial component for national growth, particularly in Vietnam Successful cooperation in this field hinges on various factors, with mutual understanding being paramount Consequently, the translation of economic and trade texts is vital and deserves significant attention.

Thuongmai University acknowledges the significance of translation by incorporating it into the curriculum In this program, instructors guide students in translating between English and Vietnamese, enhancing their bilingual communication skills.

Teachers guide students in translating various documents, including those related to social, economic, cultural, educational, foreign affairs, and healthcare topics However, many students struggle significantly with the specialized terminology found in economic texts.

This research explores the challenges faced by final-year English major students at Thuongmai University in translating economic terminology and proposes effective solutions to address these difficulties.

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This study, titled "Common Difficulties in Translating Economic Terminology Encountered by Final-Year Students at Thuongmai University," aims to identify the challenges faced by senior English students in translating economic texts The findings will offer insights into their difficulties and propose effective solutions to enhance their translation skills in this specialized field.

Previous studies

Research topics on issues “the difficulties of learners in English translation” have been studied by many different researchers around the world in general and in Vietnam in particular.

Through surveying the research on translation issues, I see that there have been many books, many works by foreign authors on this issue.

In her study "Difficulties and Some Problems in Translating Legal Documents," Ivanka Sakareva explores the challenges faced in the translation of legal texts The paper outlines the essential rules that translators must follow, discusses effective translation strategies, and emphasizes the significance of cultural transfer in legal translation Sakareva highlights the differences between legal translation and literal translation, questioning the complexities involved in translating specialized texts.

A study titled “Analysis of Translation Difficulties for Fourth Semester Students of the English Department at IKIP Gunungsitoli for the Academic Year 2013/2014” aims to identify and describe the translation challenges faced by these students The researcher employs two research instruments: questionnaires and a test, which serve as the basis for content analysis within a qualitative research framework.

And others: “A Linguistic Theory of Translation” by Catford (1965 Oxford University Publishing House, Oxford); "Contemporary Translation Theories" by Hay Gentzler (1993 Roudledge Publishing House, London & New York);

“Discourse and the Translator” by Hatim and Mason (1990 Longman Publishing House, UK); Jakobson's "On Linguistic Aspects of translation"

(1959 Article published in The Translation Studies Reader, L Venuti (ed.) Roudledge, London & New York, 1998); "A Textbook of Translation" by Newmark (1988 Prentice Hall Publishing House, London 1988).

A study titled “Difficulties in Learning the Translation of Students Majoring in International Relations” aims to identify and analyze the challenges faced by students in translation The research also seeks to offer methods for improving translation skills and enhancing students' practical experience in the field The study focuses on two students from the TA39A and TA39B classes at the English Department of the Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam.

In her MA minor thesis titled "A Study on the Translation of Economic Terminology," Hoang Thi Bay investigates effective strategies for translating economic terms from English to Vietnamese The research aims to identify common and preferred methods that ensure translations maintain an original and natural feel The primary focus of the study is to address the question: "What translation strategies and procedures are commonly employed in the translation of economic terms found in the textbook 'Business Law'?"

The study offers valuable recommendations for educators teaching English in the context of economics and for professionals involved in translating related documents.

Pham Thi Minh Chien's MA minor thesis, "A Study on English Translation of Vietnamese Traditional Medicine Texts," explores the unique characteristics of Vietnamese Traditional Medicine (VTM) texts The research provides strategies and techniques for effectively translating these texts into English, emphasizing the need for standardization in translations Additionally, it analyzes prevalent translation errors and investigates the underlying causes contributing to the current disarray in the field.

Previous studies on university students' translation skills reveal that examining various aspects of the issue provides a comprehensive understanding and highlights the significance of enhancing English translation abilities.

Aims of the study

When choosing and carrying out this study, the researcher expects to clarify 3 main issues:

- To investigate some factors affecting student’s translation skill.

- To find out some difficulties, and common problems in translation of the terminology in economic texts encountered by final-year English major students at TMU must face.

- To suggest some possible solutions to these problems so as to help students have a good translation skill.

Research subjects

This study focuses on the challenges faced by final-year English students at TMU in translating terminology from economic texts It involves 80 senior students who are currently studying Business English, highlighting their specific difficulties in this area.

Scope of the study

The study focuses on the translation skill of the terminology in economic texts of the final-year English major students at TMU.

This study primarily focuses on the translation skills of final-year English major students at TMU, as the researcher is unable to cover all students due to time and information constraints The selected participants are deemed the most suitable for this research, given their familiarity with translation skills.

Research methodology

This study is carried out in both qualitative and quantitative methods Therefore, the researcher conducts the research with some following steps:

The researcher begins by exploring various websites to gather essential documents and reviews previous studies on translation skills Additionally, they borrow relevant books from the library to guide their research effectively.

The study involved survey questionnaires targeting final-year English major students at TMU Utilizing a quantitative approach, the research gathered data from 80 senior students to analyze their responses effectively.

TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat123@gmail.com moi nhat find out the reality and difficulties of the K53N students in learning translation skill and their solutions for better one.

A qualitative method was employed through interviews with four students from two K53 classes at the Faculty of English at TMU All participants willingly and comfortably contributed to the research process.

This aims to collect students’ ideas about the problems affecting the English translation skill and suggestions to improve it.

To ensure the reliability and validity of the survey, interviews with participants were conducted during their class break and collected immediately afterward This timing allowed learners to focus on answering questions related to their recent experiences Prior to the interviews, the researcher outlined the study's purpose and significance, addressing any potential misunderstandings regarding the survey questions.

After getting results from the survey, the researcher will collect and start analyzing them by using tables and charts.

Organization of the study

This study includes four main chapters, organized as follows:

Chapter 1: Overview of the study.

This chapter outlines the rationale behind the study, reviews previous research, and defines the study's aims, subjects, scope, and methodology It explains the author's motivation for conducting the research and the approaches taken to achieve the study's objectives Chapter 2 will focus on the literature review.

This chapter reviews the essential theoretical foundations that underpin the research, emphasizing the general concepts of translation and specifically addressing the translation of terminology within economic texts.

Chapter 3: Methodology and research findings The content starts with the type of research methodology used for this study It describes the development and how the study is carried on This chapter includes the selection of participants, data collection and data analysis from survey

Download the latest TIEU LUAN MOI at skknchat123@gmail.com, which includes a comprehensive questionnaire and interview The findings from this research will be presented, along with a detailed discussion of the results achieved.

This chapter provides a concise overview of the study, highlighting key findings and offering valuable suggestions to enhance students' translation skills Additionally, it includes recommendations for future research in the field.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Overview of terminology

Sager (1990: 3) gives three definitions of terminology:

- Terminology is the set of practices and methods used for the collection, description and presentation of terms.

- Terminology is a theory, the set of premises, arguments and conclusions required for explaining the relationships between concepts and terms which are fundamental for a coherent activity under.

- Terminology is a vocabulary of a special subject field.

Terminology refers to the specialized vocabulary associated with a specific field, encompassing both the terms themselves and the study of their usage, known as terminology science These terms can include single words, compound words, or multi-word expressions that acquire distinct meanings within particular contexts, which may differ from their definitions in everyday language.

Terminology is defined by various linguists to clarify its structure and meaning Mr Do Huu Chau (1981) describes terms as specialized words used within scientific, professional, or technological contexts, emphasizing that scientific and technical terminology includes lexical units that refer to objects and activities in industrial technologies and the natural or social sciences Similarly, Mr Nguyen Thien Giap (1998) offers a nuanced definition, stating that terminology consists of special linguistic units, including words and fixed phrases, that provide precise definitions relevant to specific scientific areas Despite the different perspectives and timeframes, both definitions highlight the existence of specialized words in various fields of knowledge, such as mathematics, business, medicine, and economics, distinguishing them from everyday language.

According to Baker (1998:261), terms are distinct from regular words as they possess a unique reference, specifically relating to specific conceptual entities, properties, activities, or relationships that form the knowledge framework of a particular subject area.

2.1.2 Main features of the terminology

Terminology, as a unique component of the lexical system, possesses specific features that set it apart from general language Linguists identify key qualities of effective terminology, including accuracy, systematic organization, international relevance, national significance, and widespread acceptance These attributes collectively define the essential characteristics of terminologies.

The essential principles underlying the creation and existence of terminologies span various sectors, including science, technology, economics, and trade In particular, economic and trade terminology embodies these fundamental characteristics.

Accurateness is the essential quality of terminology, as it conveys scientific concepts and definitions with precision, minimizing the risk of misinterpretation Each term within a professional context should represent a single, clear concept to ensure effective communication The meaning of a term arises from the interplay of linguistic signals, rather than merely being a straightforward combination of its individual components.

Systematism is a crucial characteristic of terminology, where each term holds a specific position within a network of concepts The meaning of a term is derived from its relationship with other terms in the system; when a term is isolated from its context, its significance becomes unclear This interconnectedness underscores the importance of systematism in understanding and using terminology effectively.

International terminology plays a crucial role in expressing common scientific concepts, facilitating global cooperation and technological exchange among countries The process of globalization enhances the usage of these terms across various languages, thereby accelerating the advancement of international science.

- Popularity: It is this characteristic of terminology which can bring scientific and technological progress to all people As a component of linguistics, terminology

The TIEU LUAN MOI download at skknchat123@gmail.com is crucial for advancing scientific development, making it essential for everyone to engage with its reading, writing, speaking, and memorizing aspects This characteristic fosters consistency in usage within the economic and trade sectors.

The concept of nationality serves as a unique linguistic unit within a language, particularly in professional contexts, and is inherently tied to the national language Consequently, terminologies in Vietnam must reflect the rich Vietnamese culture and the distinctive characteristics of the Vietnamese language, ensuring that they resonate with the local populace in both lexicology and grammatical structure As previously mentioned, the translation of terms is influenced by the acceptance of language and culture Therefore, in economic and trade documents, certain terms are translated into Vietnamese in a manner that aligns with Vietnamese cultural nuances and linguistic traits.

2.1.3 The terminology in economic texts

Economic terminology refers to the specialized vocabulary associated with the field of economics, encompassing both individual words and multi-word expressions that hold specific meanings in business contexts This area of study, known as economic terminology science, focuses on the definitions and applications of these terms within economic activities.

Translation theory

Translation, often regarded as an "art," permeates various aspects of our lives and has been examined through scientific and technical lenses It plays a crucial role not only in literature, culture, and religion but also in commercial advertising, popular entertainment, public administration, immigration, and education, especially in today's evolving economy Consequently, definitions of translation have varied widely, articulated by numerous renowned translators throughout history The following are key definitions that provide a foundational theoretical framework for this study.

Cartford (1965:20) considers as follows: “Translation is the replacement of text material of this language (source language) with text material of another (target language)”.

Hartman and Stork (1971:1) believes that: “Translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language”.

According to Wilss (1982:3), translation is a process of transferring a written source language (SL) text into an equivalent target language (TL) text This process necessitates a comprehensive understanding and analytical processing of the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects of the SL to ensure meaningful content.

Nida, E.A (1984:83) claims: “Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language that closest natural equivalent to the message of the source language, first in meaning and secondly in style”.

Malinowski, as cited by Choliludin (2005:4), emphasizes that translation should be viewed as a re-creation of the original text, resulting in something distinctly different rather than merely a word-for-word substitution This perspective highlights that translation involves conveying the full meaning and essence of the original content, rather than simply replacing source language (SL) words with target language (TL) equivalents.

Advanced Oxford Dictionary (page 1632) defines: “Translation is the process of changing something that is written or spoken into another language”.

Translation involves interpreting the meaning of a source text and producing an equivalent text in a different language, known as the target language The end result is referred to as the target text, which conveys the same message as the original.

Translation involves converting a written text into another language while preserving the author's intended meaning.

It is clear that the above definitions given by different linguists from different contexts, share common features of emphasizing the importance of finding closest

Download TIEU LUAN MOI at skknchat123@gmail.com for the latest insights on achieving equivalence in meaning through the careful selection of appropriate lexical and grammatical structures in the target language This article will also explore various translation methods that are essential for effective language transfer.

Translation plays a crucial role in our daily lives by facilitating global communication and fostering interactive relationships between countries It is essential for advancements across various fields, including technology, politics, media, literature, tourism, commerce, and business.

- Translation is the connection of the global economy, enhance the growth of multinational companies

The increasing demand for translation services in the global economy highlights their vital role in international business Despite English often being referred to as "the language of global business," translation services remain crucial for effective communication and collaboration across diverse markets worldwide.

Translation is crucial for companies operating internationally, as it facilitates the transfer of information between various offices and global branches Ensuring that this information is accurately translated into the preferred local language is essential for effective communication Additionally, translation plays a vital role when businesses collaborate with local enterprises or submit proposals to government entities.

- Translation boosts up in tourism

Translation plays a crucial role in addressing a common challenge faced by tourists: the risk of being overcharged or deceived by locals in unfamiliar places By providing translated tourism materials, destinations can make visitors feel more welcomed and informed, ultimately boosting their appeal as tourist-friendly locations This increased accessibility not only enhances the overall visitor experience but also contributes to significant revenue growth in the tourism sector.

- Translation makes the cultural exchange convenient

Art forms like films, music, and literature transcend global borders through effective translation that resonates with local audiences Today, translated and subtitled films generate significant revenue for the international film industry, with China emerging as a major market for cinematic success.

Download the latest TIEU LUAN MOI at skknchat123@gmail.com, highlighting the remarkable success of translation services that have propelled producers to surpass the $1 billion mark Beyond the film industry, translation plays a crucial role in music and literature, enabling artists to gain increased royalties and enhance their international reputations Additionally, translating song lyrics effectively communicates the cultural essence of the original work, fostering a direct connection between cultures and expanding the audience reach.

Translation assists foreign affairs of the country more easily

In today's global landscape, international diplomacy plays a crucial role in shaping a nation's foreign affairs During international summits and economic agreements, diplomats and leaders articulate their ideas and opinions in their preferred languages Accurate and expressive translation of these communications is essential, as misinterpretations can significantly impact diplomatic relations between countries.

There are many ways to classify translation Here are some types of translation classified by form.

Technical translation refers to the process of translating specialized documents such as user guides, instruction manuals, medical terminology, financial reports, and administrative notices This type of translation is characterized by its focus on a specific target audience and typically involves documents that have a limited lifespan.

Technical translation specifically pertains to specialized documentation in fields such as engineering, IT, electronics, mechanics, and industrial texts It demands a comprehensive understanding of the specific terminology relevant to the source text's sector.

Scientific translation: As its name indicates, scientific translations deal with documents in the scope of science: articles, thesis, newspapers, congress booklets, conference presentations, study reports etc.

Financial translation: Financial or economic translation certainly deals with documentation relating to the likes of finance, banking, and stock exchange activity.

This includes company annual accounts, annual reports, financial statements, financial contracts, financing packages, and so on.

Legal translation: Legal translation includes a wide range of different documents.

Problems in translation of the terminology in economic texts

There are lots of difficulties in translating the terminology in economic texts.

Vietnamese and English social cultures differ significantly due to geographical factors, leading to both notable contrasts and unique features Understanding these differences is essential for expanding economic knowledge and fostering better interpersonal relationships.

Culture plays a significant role in the translation process, as translators must navigate the cultural nuances inherent in the source language to effectively convey them in the target language A lack of cultural understanding can result in poor translations that may come across as humorous or even offensive to the target audience Consequently, Vietnamese translators need to have a deep understanding of both their own culture and that of the source language to ensure accurate terminology translation Ultimately, cultural awareness enhances comprehension and knowledge of diverse nations and their business practices.

2.3.2 Words and choices of word meanings

Words are essential for language learners to develop a strong vocabulary, which enhances their communication skills A robust vocabulary allows for more effective expression and comprehension However, translators frequently encounter challenges with new words, often struggling to provide accurate translations due to the multiple meanings of many English words.

Words often have a primary meaning that is immediately associated with them when mentioned alone However, they can also possess contextual or secondary meanings, which emerge in specific situations and are influenced by accompanying words arranged in particular sequences.

2.3.3 Lack of economic background knowledge

Understanding economic terminology is crucial for accurately translating economic texts, as it encapsulates and conveys events and issues relevant to the business context Without a solid foundation in economic principles, translators may struggle to effectively translate essential documents like business contracts, emails, and trade agreements.

2.3.4 Difficulty in translating the abbreviation

In economic texts, abbreviation is the most difficult thing for translators to remember and understand For example:

- GDP (Gross domestic product) GDP is often used as a measure of a nation’s economic performance and activity It is usually calculated on a quarterly or annual basis.

- NAFTA (The North American Free Trade Agreement) NAFTA was an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States that created a trilateral trade bloc in North America.

- CPATP (Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership).

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), officially known as the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, was a proposed trade agreement involving Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, Vietnam, and the United States, which was signed on February 4, 2016.

2.3.5 Difficulty in translating the terminology hardly used

Understanding the economic terminology is quite difficult, but translating the terminology hardly used is even harder If the translator encounters a new

TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat123@gmail.com moi nhat terminology in contract, business email, …they may not understand and can guess then translate incorrectly.

Unitary elastic demand (“cầu co dãn đơn vị” in Vietnamese).

Galloping inflation (“lạm phát phi mã” in Vietnamese).

Calls in arrear (“vốn gọi trả sau” in Vietnamese).

The translator will not transfer the right meaning without encountering it a lot of times.

METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH FINDINDS

Methodology

In order to achieve the aims of the study and clarify clearly the target, this study is looking for the answers to the following questions:

- What are factors that influence the translation skill of the terminology in economic texts encountered by final-year English major students at TMU?

- What are some common difficulties in translation of the terminology in economic texts encountered by final-year English major students at TMU?

- What are some solutions to improve their economic terminology translation skill?

The study focuses on 80 final-year English major students at TMU, primarily aged 21 to 22 These students are currently in the first semester of the 2020-2021 academic year and have undertaken translation courses during their third and final years, attending classes three times a week Notably, the majority of these students have been learning English for several years, sharing a common background in language education.

For the past seven years, students at TMU have been pursuing a major in Business English With a similar foundation in translation studies, they have faced challenges in translating economic terminology effectively.

3.1.3 Data collection method a Data collection instruments: The questionnaire

A meticulously crafted questionnaire was developed to assess students' experiences and challenges in studying written translation, featuring 10 economic terms and 11 questions in English A total of 80 copies were distributed to students, with all responses successfully collected The primary objective of these questions was to gain insights into the realities faced by students in this field.

Firstly, ten economic terms are some small exercises for students practicing translating terminology in order to define the translation ability of the students.

The initial three questions aimed to assess students' attitudes toward the translation subject Question (1) explored students' feelings about studying written translation, determining if they perceived it as easy or difficult, and whether they found it interesting or boring Question (2) investigated the motivations behind students' decision to study written translation Lastly, Question (3) sought to gather students' opinions on the practical benefits of studying translation.

The next question, question (4) was used to survey the amount of time students usually spend on studying translation the terminology in economic texts.

Question (5) was used to explore how often the students have difficulties in translating economic terminology.

The next question, question (6) was applied to know the biggest challenge that students have to face when translating economic terminology.

To understand how students approach written translation, two key questions were formulated Question 7 aimed to investigate their strategies for handling new economic terminology encountered in the source text, while Question 8 focused on their actions upon completing the translation process.

Question (9) was on survey to get more information about the students' point of view on the factors influencing on their interest in translating economic terminology.

Question (10) was to seek for the methods that the students usually apply to improve their economic terminology translation skill.

And the last question, question 11, was to look for some more information about the ability of the students in translating economic terminology. b Data collection procedures

The data collection process is created clearly with 3 main steps:

A questionnaire was developed for 80 final-year English major students at TMU, featuring 10 economic terminologies to assess their translation abilities Additionally, it includes 11 questions addressing the challenges students face when translating economic terms, factors influencing their translation skills, and suggestions for enhancing their proficiency in translating economic terminology.

The researcher will print 80 copies of a questionnaire to be distributed to students who have studied K53N translation at TMU Prior to administering the survey, the researcher will provide a brief overview of the format, length, and types of questions to ensure participants understand the survey and to minimize any potential confusion.

After the participants completed the results, the researcher will collect the distributed questionnaire and then analyze the data.

The qualitative data gathered from questionnaires was synthesized and summarized in alignment with the study's objectives, as outlined by the research questions Additionally, observational data was quantified and converted into numerical form, followed by statistical analysis to derive specific statistics The results were visually represented using tables, bar charts, and pie charts, enhancing clarity and scientific rigor in the study.

The results of the study

3.2.1 The survey questionnaire’s results 3.2.1.1 The results from questionnaire

The questionnaire, comprising 11 questions in English, requires respondents to answer based on their personal insights A total of 80 copies were distributed to final-year English major students at TMU, and all responses were successfully collected.

Student feedback provides valuable insights into the challenges faced in learning economic translation The subsequent tables and charts present a statistical analysis of this data, highlighting students' perspectives on the translation learning process.

Chart 3.1: The students’ opinions about learning translation

From the responses to the first question, the amount of student asserting “learning translation is difficult but interesting” make up more than a half of total (61,3%).

While many students perceive translation as a challenging subject, a significant portion, specifically 81.3%, remains interested in studying it, demonstrating a willingness to learn and practice despite the difficulties Approximately 20% of students find translation not only interesting but also beneficial for their personal and professional growth However, 18% of students express disinterest, often feeling bored or struggling to find effective learning methods, which may hinder their motivation Overall, the complexity of translation does not deter most students, who are eager to enhance their skills in this field.

Chart 3.2 The reason why students study translation

According to the chart, 62.5% of the 80 surveyed students believe that translation is beneficial for expanding their knowledge and understanding the information within translated texts Additionally, 21.3% of the students study translation as a compulsory subject, while 12.5% pursue it to acquire additional skills for personal improvement.

Around 3.7% of students pursue translation out of genuine interest, while over half acknowledge its significance in enhancing language skills and expanding knowledge This recognition motivates them to strive for mastery in translation Conversely, about 20% of students feel compelled to study translation as a mandatory part of their curriculum, expressing a lack of enthusiasm and uncertainty about how to excel in the subject.

Chart 3.3 The students’ opinions about the usefulness of studying translation

Table 3.1 The students’ opinions about the usefulness of studying translation

The responses to question 3 highlight the perceived benefits of studying translation among students Approximately 26.3% of students believe that translation studies can enhance their vocabulary, while 23.8% assert it broadens their knowledge Additionally, 17.5% feel that translation can improve their language skills, particularly in writing and listening Furthermore, 16.3% aim to study translation to enhance their effectiveness in learning and work A smaller group, 7.5%, recognizes the overall advantages of translation, which include vocabulary expansion, flexible grammar usage, and improved language skills Overall, the findings indicate that most students appreciate the benefits of translation in language learning, fostering a positive attitude and motivation towards their studies.

TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat123@gmail.com moi nhat d The amount of time students usually spending on studying translating the terminology in economic texts (as self-study)

Chart 3.4 The amount of time students usually spending on studying translating the terminology in economic texts (as self-study)

The chart illustrates the study habits of students focusing on translation, revealing that over 58% dedicate 1 to 2 hours weekly to learning economic terminology Additionally, 26.3% of students invest around 5 hours each week in their translation studies, while more than 30% allocate varying amounts of time to this subject.

Despite a generally positive attitude towards self-studying translation, only 1.1% of students dedicate over 10 hours per week to practice, indicating a lack of substantial engagement Additionally, students frequently encounter difficulties when translating terminology in economic texts, highlighting the challenges they face in mastering this subject.

Chart 3.5 How often students have difficulties when translating the terminology in economic texts

A recent survey of 80 students revealed that 53.8% frequently encounter challenges when translating terminology in economic texts, while 45% report facing difficulties sometimes Only 1.2% of students indicated they seldom struggle with this task, and none claimed to never experience difficulties This highlights the significant challenges students face in translating economic terminology effectively.

Words and choices of word 12 15 15 15 meanings

Lack of economic background 47 58,8 58,8 76,3 knowledge

Difficulty translating the 8 10 10 96,3 terminology you hardly use

Table 3.2 The biggest challenge students have to face when translating the terminology in economic texts

The data clearly indicates that nearly all students struggle with translating economic terminology A significant 58.8% of students, totaling 47 individuals, attribute their difficulties to a lack of economic background knowledge Additionally, 22% of students, or 12 individuals, report challenges in selecting appropriate words and meanings Furthermore, 10% of students identify abbreviations and unfamiliar terminology as their primary obstacles Lastly, 3.8% of students, amounting to 3 individuals, acknowledge facing all the aforementioned difficulties when translating economic texts.

Frequency Percen Valid Cumulative t Percent Percent

Look up its meaning by using a 47 58,8 58,8 58,8 dictionary or Google Translate tool

Ignore it and translate other 25 31,3 31,3 90 words, then go back to guess its meaning in the context.

Skip it and translate others 3 3,8 3,8 93,8

Ask your friends or your teacher 2 2,5 2,5 96,3

Table 3.3 What students often do when encountering new terms

When students translate economic terminology, certainly, they will encounter some new words and each student will have different ways to deal with these new words

58,8% students look up its meaning by using dictionary or Google Translate tool.

A significant portion of students, specifically 31.3% (equivalent to 25 students), tend to ignore unfamiliar words and instead translate other terms, later attempting to deduce the meaning from context Additionally, 3.8% of students skip these words entirely, which disrupts the overall flow of the translated text When faced with new vocabulary, 2.5% of students typically seek assistance from friends or teachers Furthermore, a small group of 3 students, accounting for 2%, explore alternative methods for addressing unknown words.

What students often do after finishing their translation

Frequency Percen Valid Cumulative t Percen Percent t

Read it again to correct some 46 57,5 57,5 63,7 mistakes if there are

Read it again and try to translate it 12 15 15 78,8 in another way

Wait for your teacher’s feedback 17 21,3 21,3 100

Table 3.4 What students often do after finishing their translation

After completing their translations, 57.5% of students review their work for corrections, while 21.3% await feedback from their teacher Additionally, 15% attempt to retranslate the text in a different manner, and 6.3% choose to share their translations with friends This process highlights the significant impact of students' engagement with economic terminology in their translation efforts.

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Table 3.5 A great influence on students’ interest in translating the terminology economic texts

When being investigated about the factors that have a great influence on students’ interest in translation, the percentage of students choosing topic of translation is

According to recent findings, 37.5% of students believe that external factors play the most significant role in influencing their interest in translation, while 30% attribute their interest to their own abilities Additionally, 18.8% of students feel that the teaching method significantly impacts their engagement in translation studies, and 10% consider the choice of teaching materials as a contributing factor.

3 students (3,8% of students) have other ideas. k What students often do to improve their translation of the terminology in economic texts

Reviewing your teacher’s feedback to learn vocabulary, grammar and way of 29 36,3 36,3 65 using vocabulary

Reading and practicing translating business newspapers or economic 24 30 30 95 magazines

Table 3.6 What students often do to improve their translation of the terminology in economic texts

The result shows that the students pay much attention to improving their translation skills and have applied many different ways to make them more professional in translating.

According to the data, 36.3% of students utilize their teacher's feedback to improve their vocabulary, grammar, and usage Additionally, 30% prefer reading and translating business newspapers or economic magazines However, it is concerning that five students do not engage in any activities to enhance their translation skills, indicating that learners are selecting methods that best suit their individual needs for this task.

3.2.1.2 Statistics of the variables in the scale

N Minimu Maximum Mean Standard m Deviation

Economic terms are difficult to memorize because they vary in 80 1 5 3,8875 0,84184 specific areas Economic terminology translation from Vietnamese to English is 80 1 5 3,8125 0,87285 more difficult than that from English to Vietnamese

I rarely practice economic 80 1 5 3,4375 0,89787 terminology translation at home

My translation exercises often include very few new terms or 80 1 5 3,35 0,85832 abbreviations

I usually make a paraphrase for 80 2 5 3,4875 0,8714 the term if I cannot find the right

TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat123@gmail.com moi nhat word in the target language but it is often inconsistent with the meaning of that term

My economic background knowledge is limited as I do not 80 2 5 3,825 0,83855 spend much time learning about it

I often spend a lot of time choosing suitable words when

Table 3.7 Statistics of the variables in the scale

From the table 3.7, for the levels from "strongly disagree" - "disagree" - "neutral" -

The survey results indicate that the average values for student agreement are 3.4 and above, suggesting that most students either agree or remain neutral regarding the observed variables However, the relatively high standard deviation, ranging from 0.83855 to 0.96448, highlights a significant diversity in student perceptions, with some expressing strong agreement while others exhibit disagreement.

RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

Summary of the study

This thesis investigates the challenges faced by final-year English major students at Thuongmai University when translating economic terminology It also examines various factors that influence the translation of economic terms, with the goal of identifying effective strategies to enhance students' English proficiency and translation skills.

The study is structured into four chapters to achieve the researcher's objectives Chapter 1 outlines the fundamental theories relevant to the research Chapter 2 provides a literature review on translation skills, covering key topics such as the definition and significance of translation, types of translation, criteria for quality translations, translation strategies and methods, and challenges in translating economic terminology These foundational concepts are crucial for understanding the study's analysis Chapter 3 details the research methodology, including the research questions, participant demographics, data collection techniques, and data analysis methods A survey was conducted among final-year English major students at Thuongmai University, and the researcher analyzed the questionnaire responses to derive the final results and discussions.

In conclusion, the researcher proposes several solutions to assist students in overcoming challenges in their studies and offers recommendations for teachers to better align their teaching methods with students' expectations in the challenging field of translation.

Possible solutions

4.2.1 Suggestions for students a Suggestions to improving economic terminology.

Learning economic terminology can be challenging for students, as they must memorize these terms to effectively translate texts However, implementing certain strategies can facilitate quicker and easier vocabulary acquisition for learners.

Arranging economic terminology alphabetically is one of the most effective methods for mastering the vocabulary With 26 letters in the English alphabet, learners can easily navigate terms from A to Z This approach offers several advantages: it simplifies vocabulary management, enhances memorization through structured learning, and facilitates quick retrieval using tools like pocket dictionaries By focusing on letters such as "a," "b," and "c," learners can discover words with distinct economic meanings.

Alphabetical listings serve as effective tools for both memorization and learning However, placing terms within contextual sentences enhances their meanings and ensures correct usage To accelerate vocabulary acquisition, it’s beneficial to use words in context, as this demonstrates their real-life applications For instance, the word "advance" can have multiple interpretations when considered alone, leading to potential ambiguity for readers or translators.

Finding the tools that work for learners is good method to learn terminology.

Every learner has a unique style, so it's essential to explore various methods for memorizing terminology, such as flashcards, apps, lists, games, or post-its Some individuals benefit from dedicated study times, while others thrive on spontaneity Regardless of the chosen approach, establishing a consistent rhythm is crucial, as practice leads to mastery Additionally, understanding business culture is vital for success in any professional environment.

One of the greatest challenges in translation is overcoming language barriers that stem from cultural differences Languages are intricate, and translators must possess a profound cultural awareness to ensure accurate translations; otherwise, the meaning may be lost or misinterpreted.

To enhance language skills, observing and practicing with native speakers is essential, as it fosters a deeper understanding of cultural diversity A translator must possess extensive knowledge of a country's business culture to accurately translate economic terminology within its specific context While it may be tempting to remain within familiar circles, actively seeking to understand and embrace cultural differences can lead to enriching experiences Consequently, students can more easily interpret economic terminology through their cultural experiences.

Researching online or through books and exploring the business history and traditions of different cultures are effective methods for gaining a deeper understanding of diverse cultures.

Engaging with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds is an enriching way to expand your understanding of different cultures Building friendships with colleagues or acquaintances from various cultures not only enhances your cultural knowledge but also fosters meaningful connections Rather than directly inquiring about their culture, approach these relationships with curiosity and openness, allowing insights to emerge naturally through shared experiences This interaction can also serve as an excellent opportunity to practice language skills if you are learning a new language Remember to treat these individuals as friends, rather than merely as a means to gain cultural insights, to create genuine and respectful relationships.

Reading extensively in your target language is crucial for enhancing vocabulary and deepening language comprehension, both vital for effective translation Engaging with various materials such as newspapers, magazines, and dictionaries can significantly boost your economic knowledge and overall language skills.

Reading will help your word choice and sentence structure when translating and

TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat123@gmail.com moi nhat have economic background knowledge From that, translating economic terminology becomes easier and easier.

If a person gets into the habit of reading, then a person is exposed to new words.

Develop the habit of underlining new terminology and referencing them in context to grasp their meanings effectively This practice enhances your retention of the words and ensures their correct usage Additionally, consider implementing strategies to practice translating economic terminology to further solidify your understanding.

Practicing translation by reading economic newspapers, magazines, and articles is an effective method for mastering economic terminology To succeed in English translation, immerse yourself in diverse topics that pique your interest Consistently read and retain key information, and if you encounter unclear sections, it's best to skip them to maintain your reading flow You can always revisit those areas for further study later.

Regularly reading newspapers, magazines, and books can significantly enhance background knowledge and understanding of global events Engaging with diverse topics, even those outside one's primary area of interest, can prove beneficial for translation work Additionally, frequent exposure to economic publications helps translators become familiar with industry-specific terminology and abbreviations, making the translation of such terms much easier.

To enhance your translation skills, particularly in economic terminology, it's essential to dedicate time each day to practice No translator is flawless; continuous practice is vital for improvement Keep in mind that "practice makes perfect."

To improve your language skills, it’s essential to track your mistakes and learn from them to avoid repeating them Engaging in back translation—translating documents in reverse—can enhance your understanding and fluency in the target language If you typically translate from English to another language, try practicing the reverse to gain a deeper grasp of both languages.

To enhance your skills in translating economic terminology, I recommend the VOA Special English YouTube channel, which offers audio content along with transcripts for each video This resource is particularly beneficial for students looking to practice translating economic texts effectively Additionally, focusing on improving English grammar is essential when translating to ensure accuracy and clarity.

Limitations of the study

Despite significant investment of time and effort, limitations such as restricted time, insufficient resources, and the researcher's capabilities can lead to unavoidable shortcomings and errors in the study.

The study involved a limited sample size, consisting of only 80 students from the English Department at Thuongmai University, selected based on specific criteria set by the researcher As a result, the findings may not be applicable to the broader population of translators.

Secondly, during the research process, the researcher conducts the questionnaire but cannot conduct other methods such as case-study, classroom observation which can make the results obtained more reliably.

Thirdly, in the questionnaire, the researcher did not question for the learning environment, learning tools, and there are no specific translations to see the real difficulties in translation.

Finally, the techniques suggested in this research are selected from different reliable but limited sources.

Suggestions for further research

The study only investigated the difficulties in translating terminology in economic texts of 80 students who are the final-year English majors at Thuongmai University.

To enhance future research, it is recommended that researchers conduct surveys and interviews with a diverse group of students to obtain more comprehensive data on the challenges they face in translating economic terminology Additionally, adopting a research method that includes observing students' learning and interviewing teachers could provide valuable insights into the difficulties encountered in translation and the strategies employed to overcome them.

In recent decades, the significance of translation has surged due to international trade, migration, globalization, and advancements in mass media and technology Translators serve as vital bilingual or multilingual cultural intermediaries, striving to convey texts with accuracy and fidelity However, English major students often encounter challenges in mastering translation skills and becoming professional translators, leading to inevitable difficulties and mistakes in their studies This thesis aims to identify these challenges and align with students' expectations regarding translation courses during their early academic years Ultimately, it seeks to provide practical suggestions and solutions to help students overcome obstacles and enhance the quality of training methods at Thuongmai University.

This study aims to enhance the quality of learning and training at Thuongmai University and serve as a valuable resource for aspiring professional translators As this is our first research endeavor, we acknowledge that mistakes may occur Limited time constraints hindered our ability to conduct thorough interviews and gather comprehensive insights into student expectations Additionally, meeting the diverse needs of all students proved challenging, resulting in some expectations that may not fully represent the entire student body.

One significant limitation of this study is acknowledged; however, the researcher is confident that the thesis titled “Common Difficulties in the Translation of Terminology in Economic Texts Encountered by Final-Year Students of the English Faculty at Thuongmai University” will provide valuable insights for both students and teachers, aiding in the enhancement of teaching and learning methods.

1 Hoang Thi Bay, (2005), A study on the translation of economic terminology, Vietnam National University College of Foreign Languages.

2 Pham Thi Minh Chien, (2010), A study on English translation of Vietnamese traditional medicine texts, University of Languages and International Studies.

3 Catford, (1965), A Linguistic Theory of Translation, Oxford University Publishing House, Oxford.

4 Hatim and Mason, (1990), Discourse and the Translator, Longman Publishing House, UK.

5 Hay Gentzler, (1993), Contemporary Translation Theories, Roudledge Publishing House, London & New York.

6 Ivanka Sakareva, Difficulties and some problems in translating legal documents.

7 Jakobson, (1959), On Linguistic Aspects of translation, Article published in The Translation Studies Reader, L Venuti (ed.) Roudledge, London & New York, (1998).

8 Newmark, Peter, (1988), A Textbook of Translation, Prentice Hall.

9 Newmark, Peter, (1982), Approaches to Translation, Pergamon Press.

10 Albert Sydney Hornby, (1942), Oxford learner Dictionaries.

11 Theory of interpreting and translation, Thuongmai University.

12 Yasminar Amaerita Telaubanua, (2014), Analysis of Translation Difficulties for the Fourth Semester Students of English Department of IKIP Gunungsitoli Year 2013/2014.

13 http://luanvan.net.vn/luan-van/de-tai-a-study-on-translation-of-economic-and- trade- terminology-from-english-into-vietnamese-71632/

14. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326716636_CHALLENGES_IN_TRANS LATING_EDUCATIONAL_TERMINOLOGY

This survey aims to find out difficulties in translation of the terminology in economic texts encountered by final-year students of English faculty, Thuongmai University.

I would really appreciate it if you could take some time to fill out this questionnaire.

First of all, please translate following terminologies:

NO English meaning Vietnamese meaning

2 Circulation and distribution of commodity

5 Allowances and expenses for corporation tax

6 The openness of the economy

Question 1 In your opinion, learning translation is………

Question 2 The reason why students study translation is … (you can choose more than one answer)

☐ Because it is a compulsory subject

☐ Because it is helpful, I can expand knowledge, learn a lot of information

☐ Because I want to study more skills to make myself more perfect.

Question 3 In your opinion, studying translation can help you… (you can choose more than one answer)

☐ Use grammar structures more flexibly

Question 4 How much time do you usually spend studying translating the terminology in economic texts (as self-study)?

☐ More than 10 hours per week

Question 5 How often do you have difficulties when translating the terminology in economic texts?

Question 6 What is the biggest challenge you have to face when translating the terminology in economic texts?

☐ Words and choices of word meanings

☐ Lack of economic background knowledge

☐ Difficulty translating the terminology you hardly use

Question 7 What do you often do when you encounter new terms?

☐ Look up its meaning by using a dictionary or Google Translate tool

☐ Ignore it and translate other words, then go back to guess its meaning in the context.

☐ Skip it and translate others

☐ Ask your friends or your teacher

Question 8 What do you often do after you finish your translation?

☐ Read it again to correct some mistakes if there are

☐ Read it again and try to translate it in another way

☐ Wait for your teacher’s feedback

Question 9 What has a great influence on your interest in translating the terminology in economic texts?

Question 10 What do you often do to improve your translation of the terminology in economic texts?

☐ Reviewing your teacher’s feedback to learn vocabulary, grammar and way of using vocabulary

☐ Reading and practicing translating business newspapers or economic magazines

Question 11 Please indicate your level of consent to the statements below with the convention as follows:

1 Economic terms are difficult to memorize because they vary in specific areas

2 Vietnamese to English is more difficult than that from English to Vietnamese

3 I rarely practice economic terminology translation at home

4 My translation exercises often include very few new terms or abbreviations

I usually make a paraphrase for the term if I

5 cannot find the right word in the target language but it is often inconsistent with the meaning of that term

My economic background knowledge is

6 limited as I don’t spend much time learning about it

I often take a lot of time to choose suitable

7 words when practicing economic terminology translation

Tiêu đề	Problems In Translation Of The Terminology In Economic Texts
Tác giả	Nguyen Thi Xuan
Người hướng dẫn	Mrs. Vu Thi Thanh Hoa
Trường học	Thuongmai University
Chuyên ngành	English
Thể loại	graduation paper
Năm xuất bản	2020
Thành phố	Hanoi

Định dạng
Số trang	66
Dung lượng	135,13 KB