OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
Rationale
English has become a global lingua franca, spoken as a primary language in nearly 60 countries and as a second language in around 100 others, boasting over 1.13 billion native speakers Despite the widespread use of English, each nation retains its unique culture and language, necessitating bilingualism for effective international communication The English translation industry emerged to assist those facing challenges in learning a second language As a vital component of education, English is taught in numerous universities worldwide and serves as the primary language for international communication, science, aviation, and business.
In today's rapidly evolving global landscape, the economic and trade sectors have emerged as vital components for national development, particularly in Vietnam Successful cooperation in these areas hinges on several factors, with mutual understanding being paramount Consequently, the translation of economic and trade texts is crucial and demands significant attention to facilitate effective communication and collaboration.
Thuongmai University acknowledges the significance of translation by incorporating it into its curriculum Instructors guide students in translating between English and Vietnamese, covering various document types, including social, economic, cultural, educational, foreign affairs, and healthcare texts Despite this comprehensive training, many students encounter challenges when translating specialized terminology in economic texts.
This research examines the challenges faced by final-year English major students at Thuongmai University in translating economic terminology and proposes effective solutions to address these issues.
This study, titled "Common Difficulties in Translating Economic Terminology Encountered by Final-Year English Students at Thuongmai University," aims to identify the challenges faced by senior students in translating economic texts By exploring these difficulties, the research seeks to offer effective solutions that will facilitate a smoother translation process for students dealing with specialized economic terminology.
Previous studies
Research topics on issues “the difficulties of learners in English translation” have been studied by many different researchers around the world in general and in Vietnam in particular.
Through surveying the research on translation issues, I see that there have been many books, many works by foreign authors on this issue.
In her study "Difficulties and Some Problems in Translating Legal Documents," Ivanka Sakareva explores the challenges faced in the translation of legal texts She outlines the essential rules translators must follow, the strategies employed in translating legal documents, and the significance of cultural transfer in this process Sakareva also contrasts legal translation with literal translation, highlighting the complexities involved in translating specialized texts and underscoring the nuanced skills required for effective legal translation.
A study titled “Analysis of Translation Difficulties for the Fourth Semester Students of English Department of IKIP Gunungsitoli Year 2013/2014” aims to identify and describe the translation challenges faced by fourth-semester students in the English department at IKIP Gunungsitoli The researcher employs two research instruments, including questionnaires and a test, to gather content analysis, utilizing a qualitative research approach.
And others: “A Linguistic Theory of Translation” by Catford (1965 Oxford University Publishing House, Oxford); "Contemporary Translation Theories" by Hay Gentzler (1993 Roudledge Publishing House, London & New York);
“Discourse and the Translator” by Hatim and Mason (1990 LongmanPublishing House, UK); Jakobson's "On Linguistic Aspects of translation"
(1959 Article published in The Translation Studies Reader, L Venuti (ed.) Roudledge, London & New York, 1998); "A Textbook of Translation" by Newmark (1988 Prentice Hall Publishing House, London 1988).
A study titled "Difficulties in Learning the Translation of Students Majoring in International Relations" aims to identify and explain the challenges faced by students in translation It also seeks to offer methods to enhance their translation skills and enrich their practical experience The research focuses on two students from the TA39A and TA39B classes at the English Department of the Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam.
In her MA minor thesis titled "A Study on the Translation of Economic Terminology," Hoang Thi Bay investigates effective strategies for translating economic terms from English to Vietnamese to ensure they sound original and natural The primary focus of this research is to identify common translation strategies and procedures utilized in the economic textbook "Business Law." Based on the study's findings, the paper offers valuable suggestions for educators teaching English for economics and for professionals engaged in translating documents within this field.
Pham Thi Minh Chien's MA minor thesis, "A Study on English Translation of Vietnamese Traditional Medicine Texts," explores the unique characteristics of Vietnamese traditional medicine (VTM) texts The thesis offers strategies and techniques for translating these texts effectively while emphasizing the importance of standardizing English translations Additionally, it identifies common translation errors and examines the underlying causes of the current inconsistencies in this field.
Previous studies on university students' translation skills reveal that examining various aspects of this issue provides a comprehensive understanding of the challenges involved These findings underscore the significance of enhancing English translation abilities among students.
Aims of the study
When choosing and carrying out this study, the researcher expects to clarify 3 main issues:
- To investigate some factors affecting student’s translation skill.
- To find out some difficulties, and common problems in translation of the terminology in economic texts encountered by final-year English major students at TMU must face.
- To suggest some possible solutions to these problems so as to help students have a good translation skill.
Research subjects
This study focuses on the challenges faced by final-year English students at TMU in translating terminology from economic texts It involves 80 senior students who are currently studying Business English, highlighting their specific difficulties in this area.
Scope of the study
The study focuses on the translation skill of the terminology in economic texts of the final-year English major students at TMU.
This study primarily focuses on the translation skills of final-year English major students at TMU, as the researcher is limited by time and resources Due to the large student population at TMU, it is not feasible to include all students; thus, the selected participants are the most suitable, having already developed familiarity with translation skills.
Research methodology
This study is carried out in both qualitative and quantitative methods Therefore, the researcher conducts the research with some following steps:
The researcher begins by gathering essential documents from online sources and reviewing previous studies on translation skills Additionally, they borrow books from the library to gain further insights and direction for their research.
The study utilized survey questionnaires targeting final-year English major students at TMU, employing a quantitative approach with the participation of 80 seniors This research aimed to identify the challenges faced by K53N students in developing translation skills and to explore potential solutions for improvement.
A qualitative method was employed through interviews with four students from two K53 classes at the Faculty of English, TMU Each participant willingly contributed their insights, creating a comfortable environment for discussion The primary objective was to gather students' perspectives on challenges impacting their English translation skills and to obtain suggestions for improvement.
To ensure the reliability and validity of the survey, interviews with participants were conducted during their class break and collected immediately afterward This timing allowed learners to focus on answering questions related to their recent experiences Prior to the interviews, the researcher clearly explained the study's purpose and significance, addressing any potential misunderstandings regarding the survey questions.
After getting results from the survey, the researcher will collect and start analyzing them by using tables and charts.
Organization of the study
This study includes four main chapters, organized as follows:
Chapter 1: Overview of the study
This chapter outlines the rationale behind the study, reviews previous research, and defines the study's aims, subjects, and scope It also details the research methodology and the overall organization of the study, highlighting the author's motivations for conducting the research and the approaches employed to achieve the study's objectives.
This chapter reviews the essential theoretical frameworks that underpin the research, emphasizing the general principles of translation and specifically addressing the translation of terminology within economic texts.
Chapter 3: Methodology and research findings
This study employs a specific research methodology that outlines the development process and execution of the research It details participant selection, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques utilized for both the survey questionnaire and interviews The findings are presented alongside a discussion that highlights the results achieved through this comprehensive approach.
This chapter provides a concise overview of the study, highlighting the key findings and offering valuable suggestions for enhancing students' translation skills Additionally, it includes recommendations for future research in the field.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Overview of terminology
Sager (1990: 3) gives three definitions of terminology:
- Terminology is the set of practices and methods used for the collection, description and presentation of terms.
- Terminology is a theory, the set of premises, arguments and conclusions required for explaining the relationships between concepts and terms which are fundamental for a coherent activity under.
- Terminology is a vocabulary of a special subject field.
Terminology refers to the collection of specialized words and meanings associated with a specific field, along with the study of these terms and their applications, known as terminology science Terms can include single words, compound words, or multi-word expressions that possess unique meanings within particular contexts, often differing from their definitions in everyday language.
Terminology has been interpreted by various linguists to clarify its structure and significance Mr Do Huu Chau (1981) defines terms as specialized words used in scientific, professional, or technological contexts, emphasizing that scientific and technical terminology comprises lexical units that represent objects and activities in industrial technologies and the natural or social sciences Similarly, Mr Nguyen Thien Giap (1998) offers a distinct perspective, describing terminology as special linguistic units, including words and fixed phrases, that provide precise definitions relevant to specific scientific areas Despite being articulated at different times and by different scholars, these definitions collectively highlight the existence of specialized vocabulary in various fields of human knowledge, such as mathematics, business, medicine, and trade, distinguishing them from everyday language.
According to Baker (1998:261), terms are distinct from regular words as they possess a specific reference, indicating unique conceptual entities, properties, activities, or relationships that define the knowledge domain of a particular subject area.
2.1.2 Main features of the terminology
Terminology, as a unique component of the lexical system, possesses distinct features that are essential for its effectiveness Linguists identify key qualities of terminology, including accuracy, systematic structure, international recognition, national relevance, and widespread usage These attributes serve as fundamental principles that govern the development and application of terminologies across various fields, such as science, technology, economics, trade, and business Specifically, economic and trade terminology embodies these essential characteristics, ensuring clarity and consistency in communication within these sectors.
Accurateness is the essential quality of terminology, ensuring that scientific concepts and definitions are expressed clearly and precisely This precision helps prevent the confusion of one concept with another In a professional context, each term should represent a single, distinct concept within its system The meaning of a term is derived from a combination of linguistic signals, rather than merely the sum of its individual components.
Systematism is a fundamental aspect of terminology, where each term occupies a specific position within a conceptual framework The meaning of a term is defined in relation to other terms in its system, making context crucial for understanding When a term is isolated from its system, its meaning becomes unclear, highlighting systematism as one of the 20 key characteristics of effective terminology.
Internationality in terminology refers to specialized words that convey common scientific concepts, which evolve alongside global cooperation and technological exchanges As globalization progresses, these terms become increasingly internationalized, allowing for their widespread use across various languages and facilitating the accelerated development of international science.
Terminology plays a crucial role in advancing scientific and technological progress by making complex concepts accessible to everyone As a key aspect of linguistics, it enhances communication in reading, writing, speaking, and memorizing, thereby fostering understanding across diverse audiences In the economic and trade sectors, the consistent use of terminology is essential for effective communication and collaboration.
The term "nationality" is a unique linguistic unit that is integral to a language, particularly within specific professions In Vietnam, terminologies must reflect the country's culture and the distinctive features of the Vietnamese language, ensuring they resonate with the local population This cultural and linguistic context significantly influences the translation of terms in economic and trade documents, where translations are tailored to align with Vietnamese cultural nuances and linguistic characteristics.
2.1.3 The terminology in economic texts
Economic terminology refers to the specialized vocabulary associated with the field of economics, encompassing both individual words and multi-word expressions that carry specific meanings in business contexts This area of study, known as economic terminology science, focuses on understanding these terms and their applications within economic activities.
Translation theory
Translation, often regarded as an “art,” permeates all aspects of our lives and is essential in literature, culture, religion, commercial advertising, popular entertainment, public administration, immigration, and education, particularly in today's evolving economy Its definition varies widely, shaped by numerous renowned translators throughout history The following are key definitions that provide a foundational theoretical framework for this study.
Cartford (1965:20) considers as follows: “Translation is the replacement of text material of this language (source language) with text material of another (target language)”.
Hartman and Stork (1971:1) believes that: “Translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language”.
According to Wilss (1982:3), translation is a transfer process focused on transforming a written source language (SL) text into an optimally equivalent target language (TL) text This process necessitates a comprehensive understanding and analytical processing of the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects of the SL.
Nida, E.A (1984:83) claims: “Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language that closest natural equivalent to the message of the source language, first in meaning and secondly in style”.
Translation, as articulated by Malinowski (Choliludin, 2005:4), is not merely a word-for-word substitution but a profound re-creation of the original content into a different form This perspective emphasizes that translation encompasses the entire meaning rather than just individual words The Advanced Oxford Dictionary further defines translation as the process of converting written or spoken content into another language, highlighting its role in conveying deep, meaningful ideas across linguistic boundaries.
Translation involves interpreting the meaning of a source text and creating an equivalent target text in another language The original text is referred to as the source text, while the language it is translated into is known as the target language The resulting product is often called the target text, ensuring that the same message is conveyed across languages.
Translation involves converting a written text into a different language while preserving the author's original intent.
Various linguists highlight the significance of achieving closest equivalence in meaning when translating, focusing on selecting appropriate lexical and grammatical structures in the target language Additionally, different methods of translation will be explored in the following section.
Translation plays a crucial role in our daily lives by facilitating global communication and fostering collaborative relationships between countries It is essential for progress in various fields such as technology, politics, media, literature, tourism, commerce, and business, enabling diverse cultures to connect and share ideas effectively.
- Translation is the connection of the global economy, enhance the growth of multinational companies
The soaring demand for translation services in the global economy highlights their crucial role in international business Although English is often regarded as the "language of global business," the need for effective translation remains vital for companies operating worldwide.
Translation is essential for companies operating internationally, as it facilitates the transfer of information between various offices and global branches To effectively communicate, this information must be translated into the preferred local language Additionally, translation plays a crucial role when businesses collaborate with local enterprises or submit proposals to government entities.
- Translation boosts up in tourism
Translation plays a crucial role in addressing a major concern for tourists: the risk of being overcharged by unfamiliar locals in foreign countries Additionally, translated tourism materials create a welcoming atmosphere for visitors, boosting the destination's appeal and contributing to increased tourism revenue.
- Translation makes the cultural exchange convenient
Art forms like films, music, and literature transcend global borders through effective translation, resonating with audiences in their mother tongues Today, translated and subtitled films generate significant revenue for the international film industry, with China emerging as a major market This surge in translation services has enabled producers to surpass the $1 billion milestone more frequently Moreover, the benefits extend beyond film, as music and literary translations allow artists to gain higher royalties and enhance their international reputations Additionally, translating song lyrics helps convey the cultural essence of the original work, fostering connections between different cultures and reaching a broader audience.
Translation assists foreign affairs of the country more easily
In today's global landscape, international diplomacy plays a crucial role in a nation's foreign affairs During summits and economic agreements, diplomats and leaders articulate their ideas and opinions in their preferred languages Accurate and expressive translation of these ideas is essential, as misinterpretations can significantly impact diplomatic relations between countries.
There are many ways to classify translation Here are some types of translation classified by form.
Technical translation refers to the process of translating specialized documents such as user guides, instruction manuals, medical terminology, financial reports, and administrative notices This type of translation is characterized by its focus on a specific and limited target audience, ensuring that the information is clear and relevant to users within a particular field Typically, these documents are intended for short-term use, emphasizing the importance of precise language and terminology.
Technical translation primarily involves translating specialized documentation in fields such as engineering, IT, electronics, mechanics, and economics This type of translation necessitates a deep understanding of the specific terminology relevant to the industry of the original text.
Scientific translation: As its name indicates, scientific translations deal with documents in the scope of science: articles, thesis, newspapers, congress booklets,conference presentations, study reports etc.
Financial translation focuses on documents associated with finance, banking, and stock market activities This encompasses a variety of materials, including company annual accounts, annual reports, financial statements, and financial contracts, as well as financing packages.
Legal translation: Legal translation includes a wide range of different documents.
Problems in translation of the terminology in economic texts
There are lots of difficulties in translating the terminology in economic texts
Vietnamese and English social cultures differ significantly due to their distinct geographical contexts While some of these differences may be challenging to accept, understanding these cultural features is essential for expanding economic knowledge and fostering better interpersonal relationships.
Culture plays a significant role in the translation process, as translators must navigate the cultural nuances embedded in the source language while effectively conveying them in the target language A lack of cultural understanding can result in poor translations that may come across as humorous or even offensive to the target audience For Vietnamese translators, it is essential to have a deep understanding of both cultures when translating terminology between languages Ultimately, culture serves as a valuable tool for enhancing knowledge and understanding of different nations and their business practices.
2.3.2 Words and choices of word meanings
Words are essential for language learners to develop a robust vocabulary system, which significantly enhances their communication skills A rich vocabulary not only facilitates effective text comprehension but also poses challenges for translators who often struggle with new words that have multiple meanings Each English word typically has a primary meaning that is immediately recognized when used alone, as well as contextual meanings that emerge in specific situations, influenced by surrounding words and their arrangement.
2.3.3 Lack of economic background knowledge
Understanding economic terminology is crucial for accurately translating economic texts, as these terms often convey urgent and contextual information about business situations Without a solid grasp of economic concepts, translators may struggle to effectively translate essential documents like business contracts, emails, and trade agreements.
2.3.4 Difficulty in translating the abbreviation
In economic texts, abbreviation is the most difficult thing for translators to remember and understand For example:
GDP is often used as a measure of a nation’s economic performance and activity It is usually calculated on a quarterly or annual basis.
- NAFTA (The North American Free Trade Agreement)
NAFTA was an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States that created a trilateral trade bloc in North America.
- CPATP (Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership).
The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), formally known as the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, was a proposed trade agreement involving Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, Vietnam, and the United States, which was signed on February 4, 2016.
2.3.5 Difficulty in translating the terminology hardly used
Grasping economic terminology can be challenging, and translating less common terms presents an even greater difficulty When translators face unfamiliar terms in contracts or business emails, they may struggle to comprehend their meanings, leading to potential misinterpretations and incorrect translations.
Unitary elastic demand (“cầu co dãn đơn vị” in Vietnamese).
Galloping inflation (“lạm phát phi mã” in Vietnamese).
Calls in arrear (“vốn gọi trả sau” in Vietnamese)
The translator will not transfer the right meaning without encountering it a lot of times.
METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH FINDINDS
Methodology
In order to achieve the aims of the study and clarify clearly the target, this study is looking for the answers to the following questions:
- What are factors that influence the translation skill of the terminology in economic texts encountered by final-year English major students at TMU?
- What are some common difficulties in translation of the terminology in economic texts encountered by final-year English major students at TMU?
- What are some solutions to improve their economic terminology translation skill?
The study focuses on 80 final-year English major students at TMU, aged 21 to 22, who are currently in their first semester of the 2020-2021 academic year These students have been learning English for several years and are enrolled in translation courses during their third and final years, attending classes three times a week.
For the past seven years, students at TMU have been specializing in business English, sharing a similar educational background in translation Throughout their studies, they have faced challenges in translating terminology specific to economic texts.
3.1.3 Data collection method a Data collection instruments: The questionnaire
A meticulously crafted questionnaire was developed to assess students' experiences and challenges in studying written translation, focusing on economic terminologies The survey included 10 economic terms and 11 questions in English, with 80 copies distributed among students, all of which were successfully collected The primary objective of these questions was to gain insights into the difficulties faced by students in this field.
Firstly, ten economic terms are some small exercises for students practicing translating terminology in order to define the translation ability of the students.
The initial three questions aimed to assess students' attitudes toward the translation subject Question (1) explored students' feelings about studying written translation, gauging whether they perceive it as easy or difficult, and interesting or boring Question (2) sought to uncover the motivations behind students' choice to study written translation Lastly, Question (3) was designed to gather students' opinions on the practical benefits of learning translation.
The next question, question (4) was used to survey the amount of time students usually spend on studying translation the terminology in economic texts.
Question (5) was used to explore how often the students have difficulties in translating economic terminology.
The next question, question (6) was applied to know the biggest challenge that students have to face when translating economic terminology.
To understand how students approach written translation, two key questions were formulated Question 7 aimed to investigate their strategies for dealing with new economic terminology encountered in the original text, while Question 8 focused on their actions upon completing the translation process.
Question (9) was on survey to get more information about the students' point of view on the factors influencing on their interest in translating economic terminology.
Question (10) was to seek for the methods that the students usually apply to improve their economic terminology translation skill.
And the last question, question 11, was to look for some more information about the ability of the students in translating economic terminology. b Data collection procedures
The data collection process is created clearly with 3 main steps:
A questionnaire was developed for 80 final-year English major students at TMU, featuring 10 economic terminologies to assess their translation abilities It includes 11 questions addressing the challenges students face in translating economic terms, factors influencing their translation skills, and suggestions for enhancing their proficiency in translating economic terminology.
Eighty copies of questionnaires will be printed and distributed to respondents who have studied K53N translation at TMU Prior to the survey, the researcher will provide a brief explanation of the format, length, and questions to ensure participants understand the process and to minimize any potential confusion.
After the participants completed the results, the researcher will collect the distributed questionnaire and then analyze the data.
The qualitative data from the questionnaires was synthesized and summarized according to the study's objectives and research questions Observational data was quantified and analyzed statistically, with results presented in tables, bar charts, and pie charts for enhanced clarity and illustration, making the study more concise and scientifically robust.
The results of the study
The questionnaire, comprising 11 English questions, was distributed to final-year English major students at TMU, with all 80 copies collected for analysis The feedback gathered provides valuable insights into the challenges students face in learning economic translation The subsequent statistical analysis and data results are presented in the following tables and charts, highlighting students' perspectives on the translation learning process.
Chart 3.1: The students’ opinions about learning translation
A significant majority of students (61.3%) acknowledge that while learning translation is challenging, it remains an interesting pursuit Additionally, 20% of students find translation not only engaging but also beneficial for their personal growth However, a notable portion of students express feelings of difficulty and boredom, potentially due to a lack of effective learning methods and motivation Only 18% of students report a lack of interest in translation, with none considering it an easy or unhelpful subject Overall, despite the challenges, 81.3% of students maintain a keen interest in mastering translation, demonstrating their commitment to learning and practicing the skill.
Chart 3.2 The reason why students study translation
According to recent statistics, 62.5% of 80 surveyed students believe that studying translation enhances their knowledge and provides valuable information from translated texts Meanwhile, 21.3% of students take translation as a compulsory subject, while 12.5% pursue it to develop additional skills for personal improvement Interestingly, 3.7% of students are motivated to study translation due to its inherent interest Overall, more than half of the students acknowledge the significance of translation in language learning, indicating a strong desire to master this skill However, a notable portion of students, approximately 20%, feel compelled to study translation without genuine interest, highlighting a divide in motivation among learners.
Chart 3.3 The students’ opinions about the usefulness of studying translation
Table 3.1 The students’ opinions about the usefulness of studying translation
The responses indicate that students recognize the usefulness of studying translation in various ways Specifically, 26.3% believe it enhances their vocabulary, while 23.8% assert it broadens their knowledge Additionally, 17.5% feel that translation studies improve their language skills, particularly in writing and listening Furthermore, 16.3% aim to study translation to enhance their effectiveness in both study and work A smaller group, 7.5%, acknowledges the overall advantages of translation, which includes vocabulary expansion, flexible grammar usage, and improved language skills Overall, the findings suggest that most students appreciate the benefits of translation in language learning, fostering a positive attitude and motivation to engage with the subject effectively.
Chart 3.4 The amount of time students usually spending on studying translating the terminology in economic texts (as self-study)
A recent chart reveals students' study habits regarding translation, particularly in economic terminology It shows that over 58% of students dedicate 1 to 2 hours weekly to this subject, while 26.3% invest approximately 5 hours per week Additionally, more than 30% of students allocate varying amounts of time to their translation studies, highlighting the diverse commitment levels among learners.
Despite a majority of students expressing a positive attitude towards self-studying translation, only 1.1% dedicate more than 10 hours per week to practice This indicates a disconnect between their enthusiasm and the actual time spent on developing translation skills Additionally, many students encounter challenges when translating terminology in economic texts, highlighting the need for more focused practice in this area.
Chart 3.5 How often students have difficulties when translating the terminology in economic texts
According to the chart, 53.8% of the 80 surveyed students frequently encounter challenges when translating terminology in economic texts, while 45% report occasional difficulties Only 1.2% of students claim to seldom face such issues, and notably, none of the students stated that they never experience difficulties This highlights that the primary challenge students face in translating economic terminology is the frequency of difficulties encountered.
Percent Words and choices of word meanings 12 15 15 15
Lack of economic background knowledge 47 58,8 58,8 76,3
Difficulty translating the terminology you hardly use 8 10 10 96,3
Table 3.2 The biggest challenge students have to face when translating the terminology in economic texts
The data reveals that nearly all students struggle with translating economic terminology A significant 58.8% of students, totaling 47 individuals, attribute their challenges to a lack of economic background knowledge Additionally, 22% of students, or 12 individuals, report difficulties in selecting appropriate words and understanding their meanings Furthermore, 10% of students identify abbreviations and unfamiliar terminology as major obstacles in their translation efforts Lastly, 3.8% of students, equivalent to 3 individuals, acknowledge facing all the aforementioned challenges when translating economic texts.
Look up its meaning by using a dictionary or Google Translate tool
Ignore it and translate other words, then go back to guess its meaning in the context.
Skip it and translate others 3 3,8 3,8 93,8
Ask your friends or your teacher 2 2,5 2,5 96,3
Table 3.3 What students often do when encountering new terms
When translating economic terminology, students often face unfamiliar words, and their approaches to understanding these terms vary Notably, 58.8% of students utilize dictionaries or Google Translate to find definitions.
In a study of student translation strategies, 31.3% of participants, equivalent to 25 students, chose to ignore unfamiliar words and instead translated other terms, later attempting to infer meanings from context Additionally, 3.8% of students opted to skip difficult words altogether, disrupting the flow of their translated texts A smaller group, comprising 2.5% of students, sought assistance from friends or teachers when faced with new vocabulary Lastly, 2% of the students, amounting to just three individuals, employed alternative methods for handling unknown words.
What students often do after finishing their translation
Read it again to correct some mistakes if there are
Read it again and try to translate it in another way
Wait for your teacher’s feedback 17 21,3 21,3 100
Table 3.4 What students often do after finishing their translation
After completing their translation, 57.5% of students review their work to correct mistakes, while 21.3% await feedback from their teacher Additionally, 15% attempt to retranslate the text in a different way, and 6.3% choose to share their translations with friends This behavior highlights the significant impact on students' interest in translating terminology within economic texts.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent CumulativePercent
Table 3.5 A great influence on students’ interest in translating the terminology in economic texts
A recent investigation into the factors influencing students' interest in translation revealed that 37.5% of students chose the topic of translation as the most significant factor, making it the leading choice among various options Additionally, 30% of students identified their own abilities as a crucial influence on their interest Teaching methods were considered important by 18.8% of respondents, while only 10% attributed their interest to the teaching materials used.
3 students (3,8% of students) have other ideas. k What students often do to improve their translation of the terminology in economic texts
Frequency Percent ValidPercent Cumulativ e Percent
Reviewing your teacher’s feedback to learn vocabulary, grammar and way of using vocabulary 29 36,3 36,3 65
Reading and practicing translating business newspapers or economic magazines 24 30 30 95
Table 3.6 What students often do to improve their translation of the terminology in economic texts
The result shows that the students pay much attention to improving their translation skills and have applied many different ways to make them more professional in translating.
According to the data, 36.3% of students utilize their teacher's feedback to improve their vocabulary and grammar, while 30% prefer reading and translating business newspapers or economic magazines Alarmingly, five students do not engage in any activities to enhance their translation skills, indicating that learners are selecting methods that best suit their individual needs for this task.
3.2.1.2 Statistics of the variables in the scale
Economic terms are difficult to memorize because they vary in specific areas
Economic terminology translation from Vietnamese to English is more difficult than that from
I rarely practice economic terminology translation at home 80 1 5 3,4375 0,89787
My translation exercises often include very few new terms or abbreviations
I usually make a paraphrase for the term if I cannot find the right
80 2 5 3,4875 0,8714 word in the target language but it is often inconsistent with the meaning of that term
My economic background knowledge is limited as I do not spend much time learning about it
I often spend a lot of time choosing suitable words when practicing economic terminology translation
Table 3.7 Statistics of the variables in the scale
From the table 3.7, for the levels from "strongly disagree" - "disagree" - "neutral" -
The survey results indicate that the average scores for the observed variables range from 3.4 and above, suggesting that most students either agree or remain neutral However, the relatively high standard deviation, with values between 0.83855 and 0.96448, highlights a significant diversity in student perceptions, indicating that while some students strongly agree, others express disagreement.
The survey results indicate that students find economic terminology challenging to remember, with an average rating of 4.1 or higher for both the difficulty of translating Vietnamese to English and the complexity of economic background knowledge Additionally, the method of selecting word meanings significantly influences translation outcomes.
Scale Mean if Item Deleted
Scale Variance if Item Deleted
Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted
Economic terms are difficult to memorize because they vary in specific areas
Economic terminology translation from Vietnamese to English is more difficult than that from English to
I rarely practice economic terminology translation at home 22,225 11,847 0,517 0,734
My translation exercises often include very few new terms or abbreviations 22,3125 12,876 0,363 0,765
I usually make a paraphrase for the term if I cannot find the right word in the target language but it is often inconsistent with the meaning of that term
My economic background knowledge is limited as I don’t spend much time learning about it
I often take a lot of time to choose 21,8 11,149 0,585 0,718 suitable words when practicing economic terminology translation
Table 3.8b Statistic of variables - total observation scales
RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
Summary of the study
This thesis investigates the challenges faced by final-year English major students at Thuongmai University when translating economic terminology It also explores the factors influencing the translation of economic terms, with the goal of identifying effective strategies to enhance students' English proficiency and translation skills.
The study is structured into four chapters to achieve the researcher's objectives Chapter 1 outlines the general theories underpinning the research Chapter 2 presents a literature review on translation skills, covering key topics such as the definition and significance of translation, types of translation, criteria for a quality translation, translation strategies and methods, and challenges in translating economic terminology This foundational knowledge is crucial for understanding the study's analysis Chapter 3 details the methodology employed, including research methods, research questions, participant demographics, data collection techniques, and data analysis methods The researcher conducted a survey among final-year English major students at Thuongmai University, followed by statistical analysis of the questionnaire responses to derive final results and discussions.
In conclusion, this thesis presents potential solutions to assist students in overcoming challenges in their studies, while also offering recommendations for teachers to better align their instruction with students' expectations in the often challenging field of translation.
Possible solutions
4.2.1 Suggestions for students a Suggestions to improving economic terminology.
Learning economic terminology can be challenging for students, as they must memorize these terms to effectively translate texts However, there are several effective strategies that can help students quickly and easily acquire the necessary vocabulary.
One effective strategy for mastering economic terminology is to organize terms alphabetically, utilizing the 26 letters of the English alphabet This approach offers several advantages, including simplified vocabulary management, enhanced memorization through systematic organization, and convenient access for quick reference, such as in a pocket dictionary By categorizing terms from A to Z, learners can easily identify and recall specific economic concepts associated with each letter.
Alphabetical listings serve as effective tools for memorization and learning; however, placing terms in context—such as within a sentence—ensures their meanings are accurately understood and applied To accelerate vocabulary acquisition, contextualizing words is essential, as it demonstrates their practical usage in real-life situations For instance, the word "advance" can have multiple interpretations when used alone, leading to potential ambiguity for readers or translators.
To effectively learn terminology, it's essential to identify tools that resonate with individual learning styles, as everyone learns differently Experimenting with various methods such as flashcards, apps, lists, games, or post-its can significantly enhance memorization While some learners prefer to dedicate specific time for study, others thrive on spontaneous learning Regardless of the chosen approach, establishing a consistent rhythm is crucial, as practice leads to mastery Additionally, understanding business culture is vital for effective communication and collaboration in a professional environment.
Translating languages presents significant challenges due to cultural differences, making cultural awareness essential for accurate translations To enhance this skill, translators should engage with native speakers and learn about various cultures, fostering an understanding of cultural diversity Specifically, translating economic terminology requires a deep knowledge of the business culture of the target country While it may be tempting to rely on familiar concepts, actively embracing cultural differences can lead to enriching experiences Such engagement allows translators to interpret economic terms more effectively, drawing from their cultural insights.
Conducting online research or exploring books about the business history and traditions of various cultures is an effective way to gain insights into different cultural practices.
Engaging with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds is a valuable opportunity for personal growth and cultural understanding By forming friendships with colleagues or acquaintances from different cultures, you can naturally learn about their experiences and perspectives without needing to ask direct questions Approach these interactions with curiosity and an open mind, treating them as genuine connections rather than just a means to gain cultural insights This not only enriches your knowledge of different cultures but also serves as an excellent way to practice language skills if you are learning a new language.
Reading extensively in your target language is crucial for enhancing vocabulary and language comprehension, which are vital for effective translation Engaging with various materials such as newspapers, magazines, and dictionaries related to economics will not only improve your word choice and sentence structure but also provide essential background knowledge This foundational understanding makes translating economic terminology increasingly manageable.
Developing a reading habit exposes individuals to a wealth of new vocabulary To enhance retention, it's beneficial to underline unfamiliar terms and explore their meanings within context This practice not only aids in remembering the words but also ensures their correct usage Additionally, incorporating exercises that focus on translating economic terminology can further strengthen language skills and comprehension.
Practicing translation by reading economic newspapers, magazines, and articles is an effective method for mastering economic terminology in English To succeed in translation, immerse yourself in various topics that pique your interest and read extensively Remember to retain key information, and if you encounter any unclear sections, it's best to skip them temporarily to maintain your reading flow, with the intention of revisiting those areas later for further study.
Regularly reading newspapers, magazines, and books can significantly enhance your background knowledge and keep you informed about global events Engaging with diverse topics, even those outside your primary area of interest, can prove beneficial for translation work By immersing themselves in economic publications, translators not only broaden their understanding but also become adept at handling abbreviations, making the translation process smoother and more efficient.
Daily practice is essential for enhancing translation skills, particularly in economic terminology No translator is flawless; improvement comes with dedicated effort and consistent practice Keep a record of your mistakes to learn from them and avoid repeating them Engage in back-translation by translating documents in reverse, which can deepen your understanding of both languages and boost your fluency.
To enhance your skills in translating economic terminology, I recommend the VOA Special English YouTube channel, which offers audio and transcripts for each video This resource is particularly beneficial for students looking to practice translating economic texts Additionally, focusing on improving English grammar can further aid in achieving accurate translations.
Grammar often causes stress for students due to its complexity, yet mastering it is vital for effective translation Therefore, it is important to learn simple techniques to enhance your grammar skills.
Numerous excellent resources are available, both online and in print, to enhance your grammar skills A simple internet search uncovers a variety of websites that provide grammar exercises One popular option among students of all English proficiency levels is the website http://www.tienganh123.com.
Limitations of the study
Despite significant time and effort invested, the study faces limitations due to restricted time, insufficient resources, and the researcher's capabilities, leading to unavoidable shortcomings and errors.
The study involved a limited sample size, consisting of only 80 students from the English Department at Thuongmai University, selected based on the researcher’s specific criteria Consequently, the findings may not be applicable to the broader population of translators.
Secondly, during the research process, the researcher conducts the questionnaire but cannot conduct other methods such as case-study, classroom observation which can make the results obtained more reliably
Thirdly, in the questionnaire, the researcher did not question for the learning environment, learning tools, and there are no specific translations to see the real difficulties in translation.
Finally, the techniques suggested in this research are selected from different reliable but limited sources.
Suggestions for further research
The study focused on the challenges faced by 80 final-year English majors at Thuongmai University in translating economic terminology To enhance future research, it is recommended that surveys and interviews include a broader range of students from diverse backgrounds to obtain more comprehensive insights into the issues encountered in economic terminology translation Additionally, future researchers should consider employing observational methods and interviewing teachers to gain a deeper understanding of the translation difficulties and strategies used by students.
Translation has gained immense significance in recent decades due to international trade, increased migration, globalization, and advancements in mass media and technology As vital bilingual or multilingual cross-cultural transmitters, translators strive to convey texts accurately and faithfully However, English major students often face challenges in mastering translation skills and becoming professional translators, making mistakes and encountering difficulties along the way This thesis aims to identify these challenges and address students' expectations in their early academic years, ultimately providing valuable suggestions and solutions to enhance their learning experience and improve training methods at Thuongmai University.
This study aims to serve as a valuable resource for enhancing the quality of learning and training at Thuongmai University, while also assisting aspiring professional translators As this is our first research endeavor, we acknowledge that errors may occur Limited time constraints hindered our ability to conduct comprehensive interviews and gather extensive information on student expectations Additionally, meeting the diverse needs of all students is challenging, and some collected expectations may not fully represent their requirements.
One of the main limitations of this study is acknowledged; however, the researcher believes that the thesis titled “Common Difficulties in Translating Terminology in Economic Texts Encountered by Final-Year Students of the English Faculty at Thuongmai University” will provide valuable insights for both students and teachers, aiding in the enhancement of learning and teaching methods.
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2 Pham Thi Minh Chien, (2010), A study on English translation of Vietnamese traditional medicine texts, University of Languages and International Studies.
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6 Ivanka Sakareva, Difficulties and some problems in translating legal documents.
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10 Albert Sydney Hornby, (1942), Oxford learner Dictionaries.
11 Theory of interpreting and translation, Thuongmai University.
12 Yasminar Amaerita Telaubanua, (2014), Analysis of Translation Difficulties for the Fourth Semester Students of English Department of IKIP Gunungsitoli Year 2013/2014.
13 http://luanvan.net.vn/luan-van/de-tai-a-study-on-translation-of-economic-and- trade-terminology-from-english-into-vietnamese-71632/
14. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326716636_CHALLENGES_IN_TRANSLATING_EDUCATIONAL_TERMINOLOGY
This survey aims to find out difficulties in translation of the terminology in economic texts encountered by final-year students of English faculty, Thuongmai University.
I would really appreciate it if you could take some time to fill out this questionnaire. Many thanks!
First of all, please translate following terminologies:
NO English meaning Vietnamese meaning
2 Circulation and distribution of commodity
5 Allowances and expenses for corporation tax
6 The openness of the economy
Question 1 In your opinion, learning translation is………
Question 2 The reason why students study translation is … (you can choose more than one answer)
☐ Because it is a compulsory subject
☐ Because it is helpful, I can expand knowledge, learn a lot of information
☐ Because I want to study more skills to make myself more perfect.
Question 3 In your opinion, studying translation can help you… (you can choose more than one answer)
☐ Use grammar structures more flexibly
Question 4 How much time do you usually spend studying translating the terminology in economic texts (as self-study)?
☐ More than 10 hours per week
Question 5 How often do you have difficulties when translating the terminology in economic texts?
Question 6 What is the biggest challenge you have to face when translating the terminology in economic texts?
☐ Words and choices of word meanings
☐ Lack of economic background knowledge
☐ Difficulty translating the terminology you hardly use
Question 7 What do you often do when you encounter new terms?
☐ Look up its meaning by using a dictionary or Google Translate tool
☐ Ignore it and translate other words, then go back to guess its meaning in the context.
☐ Skip it and translate others
☐ Ask your friends or your teacher
Question 8 What do you often do after you finish your translation?
☐ Read it again to correct some mistakes if there are
☐ Read it again and try to translate it in another way
☐ Wait for your teacher’s feedback
Question 9 What has a great influence on your interest in translating the terminology in economic texts?
Question 10 What do you often do to improve your translation of the terminology in economic texts?
☐ Reviewing your teacher’s feedback to learn vocabulary, grammar and way of using vocabulary
☐ Reading and practicing translating business newspapers or economic magazines
Question 11 Please indicate your level of consent to the statements below with the convention as follows: