MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH GRADUATION THESES AN CANH TOAN AN ANALYSIS OF SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER 6 FROM THE BOOK “BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL COMMU.
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Job interviews are a common experience that many find stressful, but preparation can significantly ease anxiety and increase the chances of securing a dream job The primary objective of an interview is to demonstrate to the recruiter that you are the ideal candidate To achieve this, it's essential for the interviewee to effectively showcase their skills, knowledge, and experience in a professional manner Additionally, employers seek motivated individuals who contribute a positive attitude to their organization.
An interview is a social interaction involving verbal communication between an interviewee and one or more interviewers This process allows interviewers to assess the candidate's inner traits and qualities, while candidates have a limited opportunity to showcase their attitudes, skills, and knowledge gained throughout their academic journey Understanding the significance of effective interview skills is crucial for success in this competitive environment.
I decided to do the thesis on this topic
As a dedicated English major specializing in translation and interpretation, I am not only passionate about foreign languages but also deeply interested in the business sector I understand the importance of continuous self-development and strive to showcase my skills effectively, ensuring that others recognize my potential in my chosen field.
The rising demand for translation services has led to heightened expectations in the field, making it challenging for graduating students like myself This book serves as a valuable resource, not only for my personal orientation but also for many other students facing similar challenges.
Aims and Objectives
This graduation paper showcases my personal growth and achievements over the past two years, highlighting the invaluable support and encouragement I received from my supervisor, teachers, and friends at Duy Tan University.
It helps the translator with an overview of the translation process as analytics and translations skills Hence, it helps me avoid a number of my faults in translation process.
In details, my Graduation Paper aims at:
- To upgrade my translating skill
- Collecting and presenting basic English terms in Business Providing their Vietnamese equivalents or expressions.
I hope that this graduation paper can provide readers with a lot Business knowledge, and the information from the text also effectively help translator in this field.
The translator can intensively understand translation theory in order to apply it to translation process Furthermore, the translator can also logically analyze sentence structure and vocabulary in a better way.
The scope of the study
Due to time limitation, this paper only focuses on some first parts of the chapter 7 with 4,500 words.
This paper will explore the challenges encountered during the translation of business terminology, focusing on the application of English grammar, syntactic structures, and the semantics of words within the business context.
The mission of this book is to provide students with a basic understanding of the many different aspects in Business.
This book consists of four parts, each containing several chapters, and spans a total of 456 pages However, due to translation constraints, only 4,500 words can be translated, which means I will focus on translating Chapter 7, which is 4,500 words long Chapter 8 is titled "Interview Type."
This article features over 14 analytical chapters, each integrating discussions on leadership principles and skills Unlike typical business communication textbooks, our content seamlessly incorporates leadership insights, starting with profiles of successful leaders and extending to practical tips for effective communication We emphasize the application of communication skills in business settings, covering essential areas such as relating, collaborating, presenting, and writing Our recommendations for developing these competencies are grounded in the latest communication research and the expertise of experienced leaders, ensuring a comprehensive approach to mastering professional communication.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Definitions
English serves as the most prevalent second language globally, facilitating international communication across diverse sectors such as aviation, business, the internet, and science and technology Consequently, translation and interpretation emerge as crucial yet challenging fields, offering numerous job opportunities for graduates.
Translation has been defined in many ways:
Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (source language) by equivalent textual material in another language (target language). (Catford – 1965)
Translation is the process of finding a target language (TL) equivalent from a source language (SL) utterance (Pinhhuck – 1977:38)
Translation is the process of changing something that is written or spoken into another language (Advanced Oxford Dictionary)
Translation is the act of transferring through which the content of a text is transferred from the SL into the TL (Foster - 1958:1)
Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statements in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language (Newmark, 1981:7)
Translation is an act of communication which attempts to relay, across cultural and linguistic boundaries, another act of communication (Hatim and Mason - 1997:1)
These concepts support the idea that translation is a complex process which requires also theoretical knowledge as well as practical experiences.
Types of categories
Translation devided into two types : full and partial
(i) According to JC Carford, full translation is every part of source language is replaced by target language text material through translation.
His ability to see this was imagination that enabled him to build and operate the Great Northern Railway System
Sự thông minh của anh ta cho thấy trí tưởng tượng mạnh mẽ, giúp anh ta xây dựng và điều hành Hệ thống Đường sắt lớn phía Bắc một cách hiệu quả.
(ii) According to JC Carford, partial translation is some parts of source language text are left untranslated and or incorporated in the target language text
“Áo dài” là một trong những trang phục truyền thống của phụ nữ Việt Nam
Suggested version : “ Ao dai” is one of the traditional costumes of
(i) Total translation is replacement of SL grammar and lexis by equivalent TL grammar and lexis with consequential replacement of SL phonology/graphology by (non-equivalent) TL phonology/graphology.
These greater opportunities of today call for greater efficiency than was acceptable 25 years ago
Suggested version : Những cơ hội lớn hơn của ngày hôm nay đòi hỏi năng lực ở mức cao hơn so với 25 năm trước
(ii)Restricted translation is replacement of SL textual material by equivalent
TL textual material, at only one level In restricted translation, translation is performed only at the phonological, Graphological, grammatical or lexical level
Time flies like an arrow
Suggested version : thời gian thấm thoát thoi đưa
Phonological translation means translating a word from the Sources Language into the closest sound in the Target Language.
Methods, principles and rules of translation
Word-for-word translation involves translating the source language directly, often displayed as interlinear translation with the target language positioned beneath each source word This method maintains the original word order and translates each word individually using its most common meaning, without considering the context.
Sell brothers far, buy neighbors near.
Bán anh em xa, mua láng giềng gần.
To achieve effective translation, it is essential to align the grammatical structure of the source language with that of the target language while translating words in their most conventional sense This approach ensures that the integral context is preserved, even when adhering to a literal translation.
She is deaf to all his advice.
Cô ta lờ đi tất cả những lời khuyên của anh ta.
A faithful translation aims to accurately convey the original context and meaning while adhering to the grammatical structures of the target language It effectively transfers cultural terms and maintains the level of grammatical and lexical uniqueness found in the source text This approach strives to remain true to the author's intentions and the overall expression of the original work.
He is as fast as a kangaro.
Anh ta nhanh như một con kang-gu-ru.
Semantic translation prioritizes the aesthetic value of the source text, balancing meaning with the natural sound and beauty of the language Unlike "faithful translation," which adheres strictly to the original text, semantic translation allows for flexibility and creativity, enabling the translator to make exceptions for the sake of fluency Additionally, it employs culturally neutral terms for less significant cultural references rather than direct equivalents, fostering a more intuitive and empathetic connection with the original work.
We hope you will enjoy your staying with us
Chúng tôi hy vọng ngài sẽ có một kỳ nghỉ tuyệt vời tại khách sạn này.
This form of translation, often referred to as the "freest" method, is primarily utilized for plays and poetry It focuses on preserving the themes, characters, and plots while adapting the cultural elements from the source language to resonate with the target language audience, resulting in a rewritten text that maintains the original's essence.
Thà một phút huy hoàng rồi chợt tắt
Còn hơn buồn le lói suốt trăm năm
It would rather the victorious brightness
In an only moment the centenary twinkle
The way a translator approaches the task can significantly impact the fidelity of the translation, as they must navigate the nuances of the original language while conveying its meaning in the target language Consequently, translations often end up being longer than the original text.
Công việc là công việc, tình cảm là tình cảm, không lẫn lộn được.
This approach replicates the essence of the original message but often alters subtle meanings by favoring colloquial expressions and idioms that are not present in the source material.
When in Rome, do as the Rome do.
Communicative translation attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the readership.
Get the raincoat or you’ll get a cold.
Mặc áo mưa vào không là bị cảm đó.
Accurate translation is essential to preserve the original text's meaning without adding or omitting information, although some meaning may be adjusted To ensure clarity, consider whether the original message is understandable and identify any areas of uncertainty Pay attention to loaded words that may carry hidden implications, and evaluate if the chosen dictionary definitions are the most appropriate Lastly, assess whether the translation flows naturally or appears forced.
Suddenly Jordan, with deep tenderness, ran his hand very slowly over head. (The Feather Pillow, Horacio Quiroga)
Đột nhiên, rất nhẹ nhàng Jordan từ từ vòng tay qua đầu cô.
In translation, it is crucial to maintain a close alignment with the original text's word order and ideas, especially in legal documents such as contracts and guarantees However, variations in language structure may necessitate adjustments in the arrangement and form of words to ensure clarity and accuracy.
No sooner had he left the office than the phone rang.
Ngay khi anh ta vừa ra khỏi cơ quan thì điện thoại reo.
Languages often differ greatly in their level of formality in a specific context.
To resolve these differences, the translator must distinguish between formal or fixed expressions and personal expressions in which the writer or speaker sets the tone.
Please fill in this form.
Xin vui lòng điền vào mẫu đơn này.
Idiomatic expressions - including similes, metaphors, proverbs, sayings, jargon, slang, colloquialisms, and phrasal verbs - are commonly hard to translate.
To address this issue, consider the following strategies: a Retain the original term within quotation marks b Maintain the original phrase, providing a literal explanation in parentheses c Employ a close synonym d Opt for a straightforward or plain language translation.
When we translate idioms we should note that “The golden rule is if the idiom does not work in the target language, do not force it into the translation”.
Out of sight, out of mind.
The translator should strive to maintain the original style as closely as possible, making alterations only when necessary to correct excessive repetition or writing errors.
He ate, and drank, and talked, and asked during the meal.
Anh ta vừa ăn, vừa uống, vừa hỏi suốt cả bữa ăn.
Rules of translation
When modifying any item of language, the modifier must be placed closest to that item even though the modifier is a single word, a phrase or clause.
Gary uniquely struck his classmate on the nose, emphasizing that he was the only one involved in the incident This action highlights the singularity of the event, as Gary exclusively targeted his sole classmate during the confrontation.
The speech element of the same grammatical function must be performed in an only similar structure form.
For example: He came both in the morning and in the afternoon.
SUGGESTED TRANSLATION
Paragraph Orginal version Suggested translation
Para 1 To prepare an information- gathering interview, the interviewer needs to first be aware of his or her goal for the interview What type of information do you need?
Here are some possible goals of information-gathering interviews:
To investigate an issue or an event Newspaper and television reporters are responsible for reporting the news, which includes finding and locating information.
Reporters identify appropriate individuals and then ask them questions such as Who?
Để chuẩn bị cho một cuộc phỏng vấn thu thập thông tin, người phỏng vấn cần xác định rõ mục tiêu của họ, bao gồm loại thông tin cần thu thập Một số mục tiêu có thể là điều tra một vấn đề hoặc sự kiện, đặc biệt là đối với các phóng viên báo chí và truyền hình, những người có trách nhiệm báo cáo tin tức Họ cần xác định những cá nhân phù hợp để đặt câu hỏi như Ai? Gì? Ở đâu? Khi nào? Thế nào? và tại sao?
Para 2 To conduct research to identify patterns and trends.
Some businesses have research units that are responsible for conducting market research These professionals make phone calls and survey customers to
Một cuộc phỏng vấn hiệu quả đáp ứng ba tiêu chí:
Cuộc phỏng vấn có cấu trúc rõ ràng, bao gồm phần giới thiệu, thân bài và kết luận Đây là một cuộc trò chuyện có mục tiêu cụ thể, nhằm xác định nhu cầu và mức độ hài lòng của người tham gia đối với sản phẩm và dịch vụ Ví dụ, cuộc phỏng vấn của Nick với thị trưởng nhằm thu thập thông tin, trong khi cuộc phỏng vấn của Lisa với Brian tập trung vào việc đánh giá hiệu quả công việc của anh Trong mỗi cuộc phỏng vấn, có hai vai trò chính: người phỏng vấn và người được phỏng vấn.
Para 3 To diagnose and to solve problems and develop interventions For example, nurses and doctors interview patients to diagnose health problems and devise appropriate treatment.
Personal trainers in fitness centers assess new members' physical fitness needs and goals to recommend suitable cardiovascular, muscle toning, and resistance workout routines Similarly, financial advisors conduct interviews with clients to identify investment challenges and assist them in cultivating better investing habits Healthcare professionals, such as nurses and doctors, also interview patients to diagnose health issues and propose appropriate treatment methods.
To understand why employees leave an organization, employers conduct exit interviews to gather insights about their work experiences Given that turnover can be costly, leaders are keen to learn the reasons behind the departure of valuable employees.
Para 5 Identify the Interview Goal
Interviews serve distinct primary and secondary goals, whether you're the interviewer or the interviewee The primary goal is straightforward, such as gathering information or securing a job However, secondary goals, which encompass task goals and relational goals, are equally important and consistent across all interview types Task goals involve asking pertinent questions and obtaining necessary information, while relational goals focus on building rapport and establishing a connection between the participants Understanding these goals can enhance the effectiveness of the interview process.
Xác định mục tiêu phỏng vấn là bước quan trọng cho cả người phỏng vấn và người được phỏng vấn, với các mục tiêu chính và phụ Mục tiêu chính thường rõ ràng, như thu thập thông tin trong một cuộc phỏng vấn thông tin hoặc đạt được công việc trong một cuộc phỏng vấn xin việc Tuy nhiên, các mục tiêu phụ, bao gồm mục tiêu nhiệm vụ và mục tiêu quan hệ, đóng vai trò quan trọng hơn và không phụ thuộc vào hình thức phỏng vấn Mục tiêu nhiệm vụ liên quan đến việc hỏi và trả lời các câu hỏi một cách rõ ràng, ngắn gọn và chu đáo nhằm thu thập và truyền đạt thông tin một cách hiệu quả.
Relational goals include using interpersonal skills so as to be perceived as interpersonally attractive and believable.
Đạt được các nhiệm vụ phụ và mục tiêu quan hệ giúp bạn tiến tới mục tiêu chính của mình Các mục tiêu quan hệ liên quan đến việc phát triển kỹ năng giao tiếp giữa các cá nhân, nhằm tạo dựng sự hấp dẫn và đáng tin cậy Việc hoàn thành các nhiệm vụ này không chỉ nâng cao khả năng tương tác mà còn tạo điều kiện thuận lợi để đạt được thành công trong mục tiêu chính.
Many students enrolled in business and professional communication courses aim to conduct information-gathering interviews to explore various career options available post-graduation This process is known as a career-search information interview.
Research indicates that 25% of new hires are familiar to employers prior to job openings, and notably, half of all positions are filled before they are publicly advertised.
Nhiều sinh viên theo học lớp giao tiếp kinh doanh và chuyên nghiệp thường đặt mục tiêu phỏng vấn để thu thập thông tin về các loại nghề nghiệp và cơ hội việc làm sau khi tốt nghiệp Hình thức phỏng vấn này được gọi là phỏng vấn tìm kiếm thông tin nghề nghiệp, giúp sinh viên hiểu rõ hơn về thị trường lao động và định hướng nghề nghiệp tương lai.
Nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng 25% ứng viên được tuyển dụng tại các tổ chức đã được người sử dụng lao động biết đến trước khi cơ hội tuyển dụng xuất hiện Hơn nữa, một nửa số công việc được tuyển dụng đã được lấp đầy ngay khi chúng được công bố.
Para 7 Conducting a career-search information interview is a way for those in an organization to get to know you even when a job
Thực hiện một cuộc phỏng vấn để tìm hiểu thông tin nghề nghiệp là cách hiệu quả giúp bạn tạo dựng mối quan hệ trong tổ chức, ngay cả khi không có vị trí tuyển dụng Khi có cơ hội việc làm mở ra, những người bạn đã gặp gỡ có thể nhớ đến bạn và xem xét bạn cho vị trí đó.
Many students in business and professional communication courses aim to conduct career-search information interviews to explore the various career paths and job opportunities available to them post-graduation.
Conducting a career-search informational interview allows you to build connections within an organization, even when no job openings are available By establishing these relationships, you may be considered for future positions before the official hiring process begins Many students enrolled in business and professional communication courses aim to gather insights about various career paths and job opportunities available after graduation through this type of informational interview.
Thực hiện phỏng vấn tìm kiếm thông tin nghề nghiệp giúp bạn xây dựng mối quan hệ với những người trong tổ chức, ngay cả khi bạn chưa có việc làm Khi có vị trí tuyển dụng, họ có thể nhớ đến bạn và xem xét bạn cho vị trí đó trước khi bắt đầu quá trình tuyển dụng chính thức Trong bài viết này, chúng ta sẽ thảo luận về loại phỏng vấn thu thập thông tin này và những lợi ích của nó.
Para 8 Once you have a clear interview goal, it’s time to identify the appropriate person to interview.
You want to interview a working professional who holds a position that you find interesting and that you might like to have