THE EFFECTS OF PEER PRESSURE ON SECOND YEAR STUDENTS AT NATIONAL ECONOMICS ECONOMY

Rationale of the study

Peers are individuals you consider friends and spend time with, typically sharing the same age group in children and teens, while adults may connect through common interests or professions Peer influence plays a significant role in shaping behavior, as children often mimic each other's actions and toy preferences, while motivated workers can inspire their colleagues to improve performance This dynamic is known as "peer pressure," which the Oxford Dictionary defines as the influence exerted by individuals of the same age or social group to conform in order to gain acceptance.

Peer pressure among college students, particularly at National Economics University (NEU), is a significant challenge, especially for sophomores who navigate the freedom of living away from home With no parental oversight, students face the temptation to prioritize social activities over academic responsibilities This struggle is compounded by the demands of their graduation thesis, requiring them to balance study time with social interactions, often leading to exhaustion The pressure from schoolwork can make students more susceptible to distractions such as parties and drugs However, having supportive peers can provide motivation and assistance in both academic and recreational pursuits, helping to mitigate the negative effects of peer pressure.

Our research focused on the effects of peer pressure on second-year students at the National Economics University, highlighting both its positive and negative influences.

Objective of the study

The specific objectives of the study are:

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1 To identify the effects of peer pressure that second year students have to go through.

2 To investigate how peer pressure affects second-year students.

3 To suggest some realistic and appropriate solutions to improve students’ ability to cope with peer pressures and recover their motivation.

Research questions

The study is conducted to answer the following research questions:

What are the effects that peer pressure has brought to second year students?

How can it affect them?

What are the solutions for sophomore students to overcome peer pressure?

Scopes

Peer pressure affects individuals of all ages, but this study specifically examines second-year students at the National Economic University It provides an overview of the challenges these sophomores face due to the negative aspects of peer pressure Additionally, the survey analyzes the positive impacts of peer influence and proposes solutions to mitigate its harmful effects, helping students navigate these situations more effectively.

A survey will be carried out to cover a wide range of 100 second-year students from National Economic University This research will be investigated within 15 weeks.

Methods of the study

The study employs a quantitative approach through a survey featuring multiple-choice and Likert scale questions Approximately 110 students participated in the survey to collect quantitative data Prior to data analysis, all responses will be synthesized using Google Forms, and the answers from second-year students will be distinguished from others using Microsoft Excel.

A survey was conducted among 119 sophomores in the School of Advanced Education Program at NEU to gather both general and specific information about peer pressure The questionnaire, designed with multiple sections, serves as an effective tool to assess the overall impact of peer pressure on these students.

In the initial step of the research process, the author identified the data to be collected and utilized a purposeful sampling method to select a survey sample from sophomores at NEU The survey questionnaire was distributed to second-year students via Google Form, and responses were collected promptly after completion The questionnaire was available in both English and Vietnamese.

In Step 2, the survey method was established by designing a questionnaire that was sent directly to each participant The author clarified the research objectives and addressed any inquiries from respondents to ensure the collection of the most accurate and personal responses.

In Step 3, we developed a structured questionnaire utilizing multiple choice and Likert Scale questions The multiple choice questions were crafted to gather background information, while the Likert Scale questions, ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree," were designed to assess the impact of peer pressure on sophomores at NEU.

To effectively structure the questionnaire, it is essential to categorize the questions into two primary groups: background information and detailed information, which will collectively address the research questions.

In Step 5, we will collect and analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire Rest assured that all responses, including personal information, will be kept confidential and used solely for research purposes.

Design of the study

The three-part research consists of:

Introduction, a brief presentation of the study’s rationale, purposes, scope, research questions, methodology as well as design of the study.

Development, includes the chapters below:

Chapter 1, the Literature Review, explores the essential theoretical foundations of peer pressure, including its definition and various types This chapter delves deeply into the significant positive and negative effects of peer pressure, which are the primary focus of the study.

Chapter 2, Findings & discussion, provides an analysis on the current impacts of peer pressure and reports the results of the survey research which are collected from sophomores at NEU.

Chapter 3, Recommendations, implication for the peer pressure of students, focuses on negative impacts and gives some suggestions for the students to overcome peer pressure.

Conclusion, summarizes all the key issues as well as the limitations of the study and suggestions for further study.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Definitions of peer pressure

As individuals age, they face challenging decisions that can become even more complicated under peer pressure Peers, typically defined as those within the same age group, include classmates and coworkers for adults, while teenagers often interact with classmates or club members In adulthood, the concept of peers shifts to include individuals with similar interests or professions rather than just age-related connections.

Peers influence other peers' behavior, and get them into doing something. That phenomenon is called peer pressure Peer pressure, according to Treynor

Peer pressure, defined in 2009, occurs when individuals or peer groups influence others to change their attitudes, values, and behaviors to align with group norms This phenomenon can affect both formal members of social groups and casual friendships Additionally, social cognitive theory suggests that students can manage stress by observing and experiencing the reactions of their peers, highlighting the importance of social interactions in shaping behavior.

Adolescents often mimic the behaviors of their social circles, including engaging in risky activities like substance use and reckless driving This tendency stems from their desire to enhance their status among peers and secure their place within the group.

Peer pressure is a significant aspect of childhood, influencing behaviors and choices in various environments, including schools and global organizations Children often feel compelled to conform to the values and beliefs of their peers, highlighting the universal nature of this social phenomenon.

Types of peer pressure

Peer pressure manifests in various forms and can be experienced in multiple ways This diversity in expression is a key reason why peer pressure is categorized into different types.

According to Hardy, a professional freelance writer, there are two primary types of peer pressure: negative and positive Negative peer pressure occurs when an individual or group encourages another to engage in harmful behavior, such as trying alcohol, committing crimes, or participating in illicit activities Conversely, positive peer pressure refers to influences that have a profound impact on a person, resulting in beneficial changes and personal growth, demonstrating that not all peer influences have detrimental effects.

Saxena (2020) categorized peer pressure into six distinct types, expanding beyond the traditional two Among these, unspoken peer pressure arises when individuals feel compelled to imitate their peers' actions, influenced by trends in fashion and lifestyle Carnevale (2021) aligns with Saxena, noting that spoken peer pressure occurs when peers explicitly encourage or direct others to engage in certain behaviors, often presenting significant challenges due to the intense pressure involved Additionally, direct peer pressure involves explicit instructions from one peer to another, while indirect peer pressure manifests through subtle cues such as gestures and innuendos Recent studies are increasingly illuminating the various forms of peer pressure.

Factors that influence peer pressures

Peer pressure, often referred to as peer influence or social pressure, is a significant issue that affects individuals across all generations Teenagers, in particular, are more susceptible to this influence due to their developing beliefs and lack of stability Various factors from their environment, including family, friends, schools, and even strangers encountered online, can contribute to the intensity of social pressure they experience.

Social acceptance plays a crucial role in high school dynamics, where factors such as physical appearance, athletic ability, social standing, academic achievements, and future aspirations influence popularity, as noted by Cavior and Dokecki (1973) Those who struggle to fit in may face significant peer pressure, often leading to feelings of shame and jealousy, particularly when comparing themselves to popular peers on social media platforms like TikTok, who seem to embody idealized appearances.

Parents play a crucial role in shaping their children's physical and psychological development, particularly during the transitional period leading to adulthood During this time, it is essential for parents to act as friends, especially in supporting their children's mental health, as adolescents are highly influenced by their close relationships (Boundless Psychology, 2015) Neglectful parenting, characterized by a lack of care, can leave children vulnerable to peer pressure, making it difficult for them to assert their opinions in social situations (Andreas, 2020).

Peer pressure refers to the influence exerted by members of a social group on one another, compelling individuals to conform in order to gain acceptance This phenomenon is particularly evident among second-year students, who often feel an internal drive to align their behaviors with those of their peers.

Internal peer pressure is influenced by various factors, including the desire to fit in, low self-esteem, fear of rejection, a fragile personality, mental health challenges, anxiety, and the fundamental need for safety and security among peers.

Internal peer pressure, as highlighted by Yael (2015), stems from within ourselves and often goes unrecognized This self-imposed pressure can lead to feelings of inadequacy, where individuals struggle to accept compliments and instead view them as challenges As deadlines loom, anxiety tends to increase, and many may not realize the extent of the stress they impose on themselves Behaviors such as allowing failures to deter perseverance, living in a constant state of stress, setting excessively high expectations, contemplating giving up, and demanding more from oneself can serve as wake-up calls to the detrimental effects of internal pressure.

In a society where fitting in with peers and role models is crucial, individuals often face pressure to conform Those with a strong desire for control tend to gravitate towards individuals with lower self-esteem or weaker mindsets, manipulating them to fulfill their own agendas.

Effects of peer pressure

Peer pressure can have both negative and positive effects, significantly influencing our thoughts, decisions, and behaviors While it can be beneficial in certain contexts, the negative impacts are often more pronounced, particularly among teenagers who are especially susceptible to these influences Surveys indicate that many individuals believe peer pressure adversely affects their mental health, emotional development, behavior, and decision-making processes.

Peer pressure is a significant concern for parents, often highlighted in media reports about school incidents While it can have negative effects, as noted by Carrie Silver-Stock (2016), a licensed clinical social worker and author, the impact of peer pressure varies She emphasizes that negative peer pressure can harm self-esteem, cloud judgment, and increase stress levels In severe cases, it may lead to dangerous behaviors, including substance abuse and reckless actions that could result in tragic outcomes.

Positive peer influence plays a crucial role in shaping adolescents' decisions and self-esteem While negative peer pressure is often highlighted in the media, surrounding oneself with supportive friends can significantly boost self-confidence Engaging with positive peers encourages healthy decision-making and fosters personal growth.

“When this peer pressure occurs in school, it has the potential to improve a teenager's academics or even friendships.” Carrie (2016) said

Peer pressure becomes particularly evident during the second year of university, significantly impacting students This influence can be both positive and negative, depending on individual reactions Optimistic sophomores often view peer pressure as a motivating force, using it to enhance their performance and personal growth Conversely, those who perceive peer pressure negatively may experience a decline in self-confidence and feelings of isolation Understanding these dynamics is crucial for navigating the challenges of peer influence in university life.

Be influenced to gain new experience.

Influence and peer pressure can positively impact college students by encouraging them to become more assertive and engage in diverse activities Classmates often motivate one another to join clubs, sports teams, or religious organizations, enriching their social experiences Trying new things, like sushi or participating in school events, is made easier with friends providing support and inspiration Additionally, peer groups offer valuable opportunities to develop social skills, expand friendships, and navigate interpersonal differences, ultimately fostering personal growth and a broader social network.

Have more motivation in studying

Peers can significantly impact each other's behavior and mindset Students who are committed to academic success or athletic excellence often inspire their friends to adopt similar goal-oriented attitudes Additionally, kind and loyal peers encourage the development of these positive traits, fostering a supportive and motivating environment.

According to PhD D'Arcy (2015), even strangers can act as role models, inspiring individuals to pursue their passions by witnessing peers achieve significant milestones, such as competing in the Olympics or leading community projects This peer influence not only motivates individuals to work hard and excel in their studies but also fosters empathy through shared experiences and challenges.

Become a better version of yourself

Positive peer pressure can inspire students to reach their full potential by providing support and feedback as they explore new ideas and beliefs Friends play a crucial role in decision-making, whether it’s choosing courses, changing hairstyles, or navigating family conflicts They often offer valuable advice and are quick to point out potential mistakes or unsafe behaviors Embracing new experiences can be challenging, but doing so alongside friends can boost confidence and make the process more enjoyable and comfortable for young people.

It may be able to assist them in overcoming their fears (Eden Pontz, 2019)

Get depressed because of thinking not good enough

Peer pressure significantly impacts teenagers, contributing to feelings of inadequacy and depression as they strive to fit in with their peers The intense desire for acceptance often leads them to alter their personalities or pretend to be someone they are not, especially within the various cliques and social groups prevalent in college This struggle for conformity can create confusion and internal conflict, as teenagers are still discovering their identities Ultimately, the pressure to conform can result in low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression, highlighting the profound effects of social dynamics on adolescent mental health.

Get jealous with others’ success

Envy often stems from personal dissatisfaction and unfulfilled aspirations, leading individuals to struggle with their own achievements This sense of inadequacy can manifest as narcissism, where they secretly wish for others' success to mirror their own feelings of worth Rather than confronting their own weaknesses, the envious tend to project their flaws onto those who are successful, suppressing their emotions to maintain an illusion of perfection This unconscious defense mechanism prevents them from acknowledging their vulnerabilities, resulting in a cycle of discontent and resentment.

Decrease self-confident about yourself

Negative peer pressure can significantly harm your teen's self-esteem, often leading to an over-reliance on peers due to low self-confidence Teasing from others may cause teens to feel inferior, focusing more on their shortcomings than their successes, which can hinder their willingness to try new things This insecurity may prevent them from standing up against bullying and make it difficult for them to cope with failures However, being surrounded by positive, supportive friends can enhance your teen's self-esteem, according to Paradigm Treatment Blog (2019).

Abuse alcohol drinks to reduce pressures

Alcohol poses serious risks, affecting brain functions related to movement, speech, judgment, and memory Excessive drinking can lead to blurred vision, slowed speech, impaired memory, and difficulty walking Peer pressure significantly influences teenagers, with nearly 60% of full-time college students reported to have consumed alcohol in the previous month as of 2014 Many students are exposed to peer pressure in social settings like bars and house parties, which can encourage regular excessive drinking and potentially lead to alcoholism or alcohol addiction.

Feel isolated from peers, lack direction in their lives

Today's youth face significant peer pressure, particularly affecting vulnerable teenagers who often feel disconnected and lack direction in their lives This pressure can lead them to engage in harmful behaviors like smoking, drinking, and cheating, all in an attempt to fit in Many of these teens lack familial support, prompting them to seek validation from peers instead It is crucial for families to openly discuss uncomfortable topics such as drugs and sex; otherwise, teens may turn to classmates for guidance, which can lead to misinformation and poor choices.

Negative peer pressure can significantly harm mental health, resulting in low self-esteem, diminished academic performance, and feelings of isolation from family and friends This pressure can also heighten feelings of despair and anxiety, and if not addressed, may lead to self-harm or suicidal thoughts among adolescents.

Suicide remains a critical concern for teenagers and young adults, as highlighted by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry It is the second leading cause of death for individuals aged 15 to 24 A significant number of these young people who attempt suicide are affected by severe mental health issues, predominantly depression, often exacerbated by peer pressure.

Suicide attempts in younger children are frequently spontaneous They may be linked to feelings of melancholy, befuddlement, or rage, as well as attention and hyperactivity issues.

Solutions to overcome peer pressure

The desire to belong to a group is a common experience, especially during adolescence and young adulthood Many individuals face the challenge of peer pressure, feeling compelled to conform to their friends' behaviors to gain acceptance and respect.

Peer pressure can manifest in both overt and subtle ways Although it can sometimes have positive effects, it may also compel individuals to engage in actions they are uncertain about or do not believe are right.

Dealing with peer pressure can be challenging, but it is essential to prioritize your personal values and preferences Making decisions based on your own beliefs rather than succumbing to external influences will lead to more authentic choices.

According to D’Arcy (2015), when confronted with overt or indirect pressure to undertake something you are unsure about, use the following strategies:

Ask for advice or support from parents or other trusted family members.

When facing difficulties, it's important to confide in someone you trust, such as a parent, teacher, or school counselor Remember, making mistakes is a part of life, so don’t feel guilty about them Open conversations can alleviate your concerns and better equip you to handle peer pressure in the future.

Plan ahead on what you can say or do when under peer pressure.

Anticipating how to manage challenging situations is crucial; plan and rehearse your responses in advance For example, holding a drink can help deter unwanted offers Regularly check in with your feelings by asking yourself questions like, "How do I feel about this?" and "What are the pros and cons of this decision?" Understanding your comfort level will enable you to create an effective strategy if things take a turn for the worse.

Think on what will happen if you give into peer pressure and do what your peers do, or persuade you into doing.

Succumbing to negative peer pressure often leads to feelings of guilt and disappointment for compromising your values Understanding the potential consequences of engaging in risky behavior is crucial, as it empowers you to withdraw when situations deviate from your expectations.

When being pressured into committing risky behaviors, try to change the subject, or offer your peers another activity that is not risky.

Understanding what others like will assist you in changing the subject of the conversation Bring up things at school such as a recent sporting event, or a contest,

To download the latest thesis, contact skknchat@gmail.com or suggest topics that interest your peers After changing the subject, inquire if your group would like to engage in other activities such as going to the movies, playing games, or participating in sports, ensuring the environment remains safe Having a supportive peer to help redirect conversations can greatly enhance your ability to persuade others.

Find a buddy, or a peer group who shares the same values and beliefs.

Choosing friends wisely is essential for personal growth and success Surround yourself with individuals who align with your career aspirations and hobbies, fostering a supportive environment While it's important to listen to differing opinions and seek compromise, if disagreements become detrimental to your well-being, it may be best to distance yourself from those who cannot meet you halfway.

While it can be challenging to sever ties with current relationships, it's advisable to minimize contact with those who don't align with your values Building new friendships with individuals who share your interests is far more beneficial than maintaining connections with incompatible friends.

Allow yourself to avoid individuals or situations that don't feel right.

If you find yourself in an uncomfortable situation, prioritize your well-being by leaving, even if your friends appear to be fine This decision is crucial for enhancing your self-esteem and becoming more self-reliant, as it helps you understand your preferences better To avoid losing face with peers, consider establishing a "bail-out" code with your parents, such as them calling you to handle errands, providing a valid excuse to exit a tricky scenario.

Learn to feel comfortable saying no.

Having good friends often means you won't need to apologize or make excuses, but if you do need to decline a drink or smoke, having a few phrases ready can be helpful For instance, you might say, "If my mom finds out, I will be grounded for months," or share a dramatic story like, "My uncle just died from cirrhosis, so I'm avoiding alcohol." Being assertive not only helps you stand your ground but also enhances your image among peers, ensuring they respect your choices.

FINDINGS & DISCUSSION

Background information

2.1.1 The importance of peers in life

The first chart gives information about the importance of peer in life.

Figure 2.1.1: The importance of peers in life

A significant majority of students, totaling 72.9%, recognized the important role of peers in their lives, with 31.4% considering it very important and 41.5% deeming it important Conversely, only a small percentage felt neutral (12.7%) or very unimportant (11.9%) about peer influence This suggests that peers can significantly impact each other's behaviors and decisions Previous research highlights that, for teenagers, peers often consist of classmates or clubmates, while in adulthood, peer relationships are more likely to be based on shared interests or professional connections.

The following chart indicates the results of question 3 and 4 in the survey questionnaire so as to research factors that influence peer pressure on second-year students at NEU.

Figure 2.1.2.1: Internal factors influence peer pressure

According to the findings presented in Figure 2.1.1, a significant 72.6% of sophomores identified poor self-confidence as a primary internal factor contributing to peer pressure Additionally, over half of the students, at 52.1%, attributed their feelings of pressure to anxiety This suggests that second-year students often struggle with low self-awareness and uncertainty about their capabilities Furthermore, 32.5% of respondents acknowledged that mental health issues played a role in their experiences of peer pressure.

Figure 2.1.2.2: External factors influence peer pressure

The data indicates that a significant 64.9% of respondents feel peer pressure stemming from their future goals, while 58.8% attribute this pressure to academic performance This trend suggests that sophomores often impose self-pressure to achieve aspirations of wealth and high-paying jobs Notably, only 16.7% identified poor parenting as a source of their pressure, which may reflect positively on the effectiveness of parenting in recent years.

Peer pressure in students is primarily driven by internal factors such as low self-confidence and anxiety, alongside external influences like expectations related to future goals and academic performance To combat these pressures, it is essential for students to cultivate high self-awareness and reduce the self-imposed pressure they experience.

2.1.3 Types of peer pressure that sophomores facing

The next graph depcts the typical types of peer pressure that students face.

Figure 2.1.3: Types of peer pressure that sophomores facing

A significant 62.7% of sophomores reported experiencing negative peer pressure, surpassing those who felt positive peer pressure Overall, the analysis indicates that there is no substantial difference between the impacts of negative and positive peer pressure among this group.

This article explores the impact of peer pressure on students, focusing on its negative effects and identifying potential solutions The following sections will provide a detailed analysis of these influences and strategies to mitigate harmful pressures.

The effects of peer pressure on second year students at NEU

In the following figure, there are four types of effects of peer pressure that affect sophomores in National Economic University, they are behavior, thinking, decision and emotional development.

Figure 2.2: The effects of peer pressure on second year students at NEU

According to the chart, 70.2% of students believe that peer pressure significantly influences their thoughts, making it the most impactful factor Emotional evolution follows as the second most reported effect, with 53.5% of students acknowledging its influence In contrast, behavior and decision-making are less affected, with 46.5% and 41.2% respectively The data indicates minimal differences among these aspects, except for the pronounced impact on thinking This suggests that two-thirds of second-year students recognize peer pressure as a key factor shaping their thoughts, which subsequently influences their emotions, behaviors, and decisions.

The article discusses the significant impact of peer pressure on students, highlighting that while they may experience both positive and negative effects, those affected negatively are more likely to be swayed by their emotions rather than rational thought Consequently, this emotional development is ranked second in importance within the context of the survey findings.

Students measured how peer pressure affected second-year students at NEU

The collected data in the next figure reveals how peer pressure impacts second-year students at NEU.

Figure 2.3: Measurements from second-year students about how peer pressure affected

1 Be influenced to gain new experience

2 Have more motivation in studying

3 Become a better version of yourself

4 Get depressed because of thinking not good enough

6 Get jealous with others’ success

7 Decrease self-confident about yourself

8 Abuse alcohol drinks to reduce pressures

9 Feel isolated from peers, lack direction in their lives

In Figure 2.3, a significant majority of students, nearly all, recognized the advantages of peer pressure Specifically, 63% of respondents reported being influenced to gain new experiences, which is three times the number of those who disagreed Additionally, 57% of the 118 students surveyed expressed agreement regarding increased motivation to study, with 23% strongly agreeing, and no participants strongly disagreed Furthermore, a total of 75% of students voted in favor of the idea that peer pressure helps them become better versions of themselves Overall, the percentage of students who disagreed or remained undecided on these items was relatively low.

The research highlights the negative effects experienced by second-year students, with 35% feeling isolated, 57% reporting decreased self-confidence, and 31% experiencing negative thoughts The findings indicate a similar percentage of students undecided or in agreement regarding feelings of jealousy towards others' success and depression Notably, 36% of respondents were undecided or disagreed about wanting to discontinue their studies Despite peer pressure, a significant 73% of students strongly disagreed (39%) or disagreed (34%) with the notion of using alcohol as a means to cope with stress, suggesting that alcohol consumption is not a prevalent strategy for managing pressure among university students.

Some respondents noted that certain peers use inappropriate words and actions, including abuse, as a means to assert their power or status This behavior reflects a deeper insecurity, indicating an inability to cope with real-life challenges.

In conclusion, it is true that peer pressure has an influence on students in both emotion, thinking as well as action in positive and negative ways.

2.4 Second-year students suggested solutions to tackle negative peer pressures.

The table 2.4 illustrates the evaluation of second-year students about the solution to tackle negative peer pressures.

2 Spend time for yourself to assess spend strengths and 0.8% 5.2% 25.4% 48.2% 20.1% weaknesses instead

3 Find something to focus on and set aside peer pressure 0.8% 9.6% 16.6% 49.1% 23.6% (sport, cooking,etc )

4 Build self-esteem for yourself 0.8% 7% 35.9% 37.7% 18.4%

5 Speak with the individual who is putting you under peer 8.7% 18.4% 39.4% 22.8% 10.5% pressure.

6 Recognize unhealthy behaviours to avoid 1.7% 4.3% 22.8% 50.8% 20.1%

7 Plan ahead on what you can say or do to avoid being 0.8% 9.6% 29.8% 45.6% 14% pressured

8 Choose peers who share the same beliefs and values 2.6% 3.5% 21.9% 45.6% 26.3%

9 Avoid peers who can cause self-doubt, or may disregard 2.6% 14.9% 22.8% 43.8% 15.7%

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10 Back out when you are being negatively pressurized 4.3% 4.3% 23.6% 48.2% 19.2%

Table 2.4: Recommendations from second-year students to tackle negative peer

The data reveals that 50% of students (59 out of 118) recognize unhealthy behaviors to avoid, while nearly 49% (58 out of 118) agree on the importance of focusing on personal goals and resisting peer pressure Additionally, 23.6% (27 students) strongly support this view, with only one student expressing strong disagreement Furthermore, students predominantly agree on the significance of self-reflection to evaluate strengths and weaknesses, as well as the necessity of stepping back from negative pressures.

Research on student solutions for peer pressure revealed that a significant number of students were indecisive about various strategies, with “speaking with the individual who applied peer pressure,” “building self-esteem,” and “seeking support from parents” receiving the highest indecision rates of 39.4%, 36.8%, and 35.9%, respectively Notably, the agreement and indecision ratios for building self-esteem were closely aligned, indicating a lack of consensus The solution involving parental support had the highest percentage of undecided responses, suggesting that generational differences may influence students' perceptions of its effectiveness.

Many students often choose to share their pressures with friends or seek recreational activities for fun and stress relief, rather than turning to their parents for support.

A student insightfully noted that everything occurs for a reason, including peer pressure They emphasized the importance of concentrating on one's passions and pursuits that align with their desired identity By embracing the rhythm of life, one should engage with their heart while using their mind to make thoughtful judgments.

In conclusion, an analysis of data collected from second-year students via Google Forms revealed that many students struggle with low self-confidence and feel pressured by future goals, significantly impacting their mindset Consequently, students often resort to unhealthy behaviors as coping mechanisms To address these issues, the researcher implemented innovative layout challenges and arguments, previously unused, to help sophomores reduce peer pressure effectively.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Recommendations for students

Building self-confidence is crucial for students to avoid questioning their abilities and to manage the stress from peer influences Research shows that students with high self-esteem are more adept at resisting negative peer pressure During their adolescent years, college students often grapple with their identity and look to peers for guidance This exploration can lead to both positive and negative influences, making those with lower self-esteem more vulnerable to poor decisions Engaging in new activities, such as sports, hobbies, or part-time jobs, like writing for a coursework service, can help students connect with others and showcase their value beyond peer judgment.

3.1.2 Get support and advice from a trusted adult such as a parent, teacher, or school counselor

Students should consider seeking guidance from trusted sources, such as parents or siblings, to effectively navigate peer pressure Isolation can severely affect one's happiness, making it crucial to recognize the need for support and communicate with others Engaging with friends and family, who genuinely care, is essential for emotional well-being Having a dependable support system can alleviate daily stress and provide valuable advice, helping individuals make informed decisions Facing peer pressure alone can be daunting, but relying on a supportive network can significantly ease the burden.

3.1.3 Weigh the emotions in the decision that has been made

Being mindful of our emotions is essential, especially during stressful times when we may be tempted to take the easy way out Such choices can lead to negative consequences By acknowledging and understanding our feelings, we can steer clear of poor decisions It's also important to distance ourselves from individuals who foster self-doubt or dismiss our emotions, as they can undermine our confidence.

Peer pressure can induce panic, particularly in hostile environments, making it essential to have a well-thought-out plan to manage reactions and minimize impulsive decisions Anticipating uncomfortable scenarios and developing strategies to handle peer pressure is crucial A satisfactory response can vary, and there are multiple ways to assertively say "no." It's perfectly acceptable to use excuses to sidestep decisions that may not align with your best interests.

Recommendations for school

3.2.1 Promote self-learning and reflective thinking o Give students ownership over their education

Empowering students to take charge of their own learning fosters a sense of community and transforms the classroom into a space they define Teachers play a crucial role in this process by creating a supportive framework that guides students through their educational journey To promote learner independence, it is vital to design engaging, open-ended activities that align with learning objectives and encourage students to discuss their work By allowing students to make decisions and reflect on their progress, educators can inspire them to take responsibility for their own learning Providing opportunities for reflection further enhances this process.

Encouraging reflective thinking in students is crucial for understanding their successes and failures, allowing them to adjust their strategies for better outcomes Through reflective thinking, students can analyze their learning experiences, recognize their acquired knowledge, and adapt their understanding based on new insights This process not only aids in applying learned concepts to different situations but also provides teachers with valuable assessments to enhance lesson design and effectiveness.

3.2.2 Do not allow students to negatively pressure others

Teachers play a vital role in fostering a supportive environment that encourages students to embrace failure without fear of ridicule By demonstrating their support for this behavior, educators can create opportunities for connection among students, promoting a culture of learning and resilience.

Bullying attacks can be reduced and targeted students' healing can be facilitated by cultivating a feeling of community in the classroom.

Bullying can be mitigated when teenagers feel a sense of connection with their peers, enabling them to cope effectively with hostile situations Educators play a crucial role in preventing future bullying by fostering an environment where students feel safe to express themselves and take a stand against negative behavior It is essential to empower students to advocate for themselves and others, while also facilitating positive interactions through extracurricular activities aligned with their interests Additionally, recognizing and addressing the early signs of negative peer pressure is vital for intervention.

Teachers must be vigilant in recognizing even subtle indicators of peer pressure and should act swiftly to prevent escalation Timely interventions are crucial, as students who stand against peer pressure may become targets for bullying if not adequately supported.

3.2.3 Increase students’ self-esteem and confidence

When students feel satisfied with themselves, they achieve more in the classroom Teachers play a crucial role in fostering a positive mindset and boosting student confidence through encouragement and constructive feedback Students with high self-esteem are more likely to tackle challenging tasks and embrace new experiences, equipping them to handle setbacks and disappointments Self-esteem is essential for lifelong success and can be significantly enhanced through teacher involvement The feedback students receive, especially from mentors, greatly influences their self-worth; negative criticism can harm self-esteem, while positive, constructive feedback can uplift and empower them Ultimately, what students hear about their abilities shapes their self-esteem and impacts their overall performance.

3.2.4 Teach students to realize that they can learn from their mistakes and how to deal with error

Mistakes are an essential part of the learning process, as they provide valuable insights when approached constructively Instead of giving up in frustration after an error, embracing mistakes allows us to retain problem-solving skills more effectively than simply memorizing solutions By viewing mistakes as opportunities for understanding, we enhance our ability to learn and grow.

When students recognize their incorrect solution concepts while solving problems, they can explore the topic more thoroughly than by simply memorizing the correct answers Teachers should focus on not only correcting errors but also helping students understand the reasons behind their mistakes This approach fosters a deeper comprehension of both the errors and the appropriate solution strategies Encouraging students to independently correct their mistakes can become a valuable habit that enhances their learning experience.

Empowering students to identify and correct their own mistakes immediately fosters a strong motivation to learn By investigating the root causes of errors, students deepen their conceptual understanding It's essential for learners not only to acknowledge their mistakes but also to receive constructive feedback on the nature of those errors The most effective approach to alter cognitive patterns and prevent recurrence of the same mistakes is to combine root cause analysis with personalized support.

3.2.5 Employ a mental consult team specialized in helping students who are having negative thoughts

Mental health counselors play a crucial role in assisting students who are struggling with peer pressure by helping them identify their fears, insecurities, and challenges By understanding the underlying issues contributing to this pressure, counselors can assess the severity of the situation and offer effective solutions tailored to the students' needs.

Recommendations for families

For a youngster, having strong companionships is an indispensable piece of their lives Being a piece of a companionship gathering can provide your teen with a

Peer pressure can play a significant role in shaping a child's experiences and sense of belonging It is not always a negative influence; sometimes, it simply introduces new elements into a child's life, such as music, fashion, or different experiences, fostering growth and development.

While family gatherings can foster positive connections, they can also lead to negative or harmful outcomes, potentially influencing individuals to make poor decisions This scenario can raise concerns for parents.

3.3.1 Help children discover his or her interests and strengths and develop positive self-confidence

Building self-confidence in children is crucial for helping them navigate peer pressure effectively Each child has unique strengths and weaknesses, so it is essential for parents to guide them in exploring their passions and interests Whether in academics, music, sports, or unique talents, discovering what resonates with them fosters a sense of confidence and alleviates feelings of inadequacy in social settings This journey of self-discovery should begin early, as children are developing their behaviors and identities By identifying their interests, children can stay focused and resilient against negative influences from their surroundings.

3.3.2 Encourage your child’s independent thinking

In many Asian countries, such as Vietnam, it is common for parents to make decisions for their children from an early age While this can provide helpful guidance, it may also hinder the development of independent thinking and personal opinions Many adults who grew up in this environment struggle with peer pressure and decision-making To foster healthy development, it is essential for parents to encourage their children to make their own choices and think critically Supporting children in forming their own views will empower them to make informed decisions in the long run.

Download TIEU LUAN MOI at skknchat@gmail.com to empower individuals to make confident choices and reject what doesn't align with their values Developing strong self-awareness fosters resilience against life's challenges Encourage individuals to explore their identity, recognize their strengths, and take time for personal growth.

3.3.3 Show empathy for your child’s anxieties and the feelings that come with peer pressure

Anxiety is a universal experience that can affect individuals of all ages, including children who often face pressure from school and social interactions External triggers, such as feeling inferior to peers, can exacerbate anxiety in children Therefore, it is crucial for parents to show empathy by understanding their child's perspective and actively listening to their feelings This empathetic approach not only fosters open communication but also helps children build confidence and trust in their own decisions, enabling them to overcome psychological challenges.

3.3.4 Assist children in managing social pressures and anxieties, try to talk to them

Parents play a crucial role in helping their children navigate internal and external pressures, as children often view them as experienced guides Engaging in open conversations about their feelings and peer pressures fosters a sense of care and understanding By actively listening and sharing personal experiences, parents can provide honest advice that resonates with their children Encouraging kids to see the bigger picture during challenging times helps them understand that adversity is part of growth, reinforcing the idea that overcoming obstacles is a valuable process.

Young people develop self-worth when they receive positive encouragement and praise from those around them This support empowers them to be assertive and resist peer pressure Family plays a crucial role as a safe space for sharing feelings, allowing individuals to be their true selves without pretense, creating a comfortable and nurturing environment.

Summary of the study

The purpose of the conducted study in this research was to examine what peer pressure can cause to sophomores and how they can deal with it in NEU.

Research indicates that students have differing perspectives on peer pressure, with some viewing it negatively while others adopt a more optimistic outlook This duality highlights the advantages and disadvantages of examining peer pressure as a complex social phenomenon.

The literature identifies both internal and external factors that significantly influence peer pressure among sophomores, leading to negative consequences such as mental health issues A survey revealed that many students believe peer pressure impacts their thoughts, emotional development, behavior, and decision-making Additionally, some second-year students experience feelings of inadequacy, isolation within groups, or a lack of self-confidence, further exacerbating the effects of peer pressure.

While peer pressure is often viewed negatively, it can also have positive effects on students Many students report that peer pressure serves as a motivation to improve themselves This suggests that individuals may feel inspired to become better versions of themselves through the influence of their peers.

The authors offered solutions for survey participants, highlighting that university life encourages students to work independently Faced with peer pressure, many prefer solitude to self-reflect or seek alternative activities rather than confiding in their parents Additionally, some students opt to step back from their primary commitments for a brief respite or seek out someone outside their family for discussion.

In summary, the study successfully achieved all research objectives and is anticipated to significantly enhance the engagement of second-year students at National Economics University in extracurricular activities.

Limitations of the study

Research projects inherently have limitations, and this thesis is no different, primarily due to constraints in time and knowledge A significant external factor affecting the study is the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which has restricted the use of certain methods that could enhance the research quality As a result, the research may lack practical experience.

The research was limited in scope due to time constraints and a narrow focus on student opinions gathered through surveys To improve the study's quality, it is essential to include interviews with students from various academic years, not just sophomores Addressing these limitations is crucial, and future research should aim to overcome these shortcomings for a more comprehensive understanding.

Suggestions for further study

Future studies should address the diversity issues related to peer pressure, as the variety of approaches continues to expand It is essential for upcoming research to overcome the limitations identified in previous studies Additionally, a deeper investigation into the effects of peer pressure is warranted to enhance our understanding of this social phenomenon.

Researchers suggest that studying peer pressure among students at National Economics University (NEU) should extend to other faculties Further investigation into the impact of peer pressure on adolescents is essential, as it may reveal its significant effects Additionally, this research could lead to the development of strategies to help NEU students manage peer pressure, ultimately enhancing their organizational performance.

Peer pressure is a widespread challenge faced by students of all ages, yet it is often underestimated in schools due to insufficient communication between teachers and students To address this issue, it is essential to introduce a dedicated subject that equips students with strategies to cope with peer pressure This initiative could significantly reduce the number of students negatively impacted by peer pressure while also fostering better communication between students and teachers Ultimately, bridging this gap can enhance the overall quality of students' educational experiences.

Treynor, W (2009), Towards a general theory of social psychology:

Understanding Human cruelty, human misery and perhaps a remedy (A theory of the socialization Process) Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15528030.2011.563227

Varela, A., & Pritchard, M., (2011) Peer Influence: Use of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Prescription Medications Journal of American College Health.

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Kessler, T (2017), Peer Pressure Retrieved from https://www.thomkesslertherapist.com/blog articles/peer-pressure

Carnevale (2021, August 20) Peer Pressure Types and Examples Retrieved from Study.com Web site: https://study.com/learn/lesson/what-is-peer- pressure.html

Hardy Type of Peer Pressure Retrieved from lovetoknow Web site: https://teens.lovetoknow.com/Type_of_Peer_Pressure

Saxena (2020, December 9) Peer Pressure: Types, Examples, & How to

Respond Retrieved from Choosingtherapy Web site: https://www.choosingtherapy.com/peer-pressure/

Andreas (2020, March 28) 31 Causes, Effects & Solutions For Peer

Pressure Retrieved from Environmental Conscience Web site: https://environmental-conscience.com/peer-pressure-causes-effects-solutions/

Gikonyo R.W & Kageni Njagi (2016) The Influence of Demographic

Factors on Peer Pressure among Research on Humanities and Social

In Search of me Cafe team, I S (n.d.) Peer Pressure Risk Factors.

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Pressure Retrieved from TheProwler: https://chsprowler.com/1231/news/external-vs-internal-pressure/?

cf_chl_managed_tk =pmd_Ih3LVGTv257jtPRdL3Io4waRq2c26mG9AV 96V1n.pr8-1634226879-0-gqNtZGzNAxCjcnBszQkl

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TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com website:https://www.aspenridgerecoverycenters.com/effects-of-peer- pressure/

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As students at National Economics University, we are conducting a thesis that explores the impact of peer pressure on senior students We kindly request your assistance in answering questions related to this topic to aid our research.

We are conducting a survey to gather your insights on the impact of peer pressure based on real experiences Your responses, including any personal information, will be kept confidential and used solely for research purposes We greatly appreciate your valuable opinions and insights.

Thank you for your cooperation.

1.1 What do you think about the importance of peers in your life?

1.2 What types of peer pressure do you often get?

1.3 What internal factors influence your peer pressure?

1.4 What external factors influence your peer pressure?

1.5 What are your effects of peer pressure? Behavior (Hành động)

PART2: HOW CAN PEER PRESSURE AFFECT SECOND YEAR STUDENTS?

Please indicate your opinion about each statement by choosing the appropriate column (SD= Strongly Disagree; D= Disagree; U= Undecided; A= Agree, SA= Strongly Agree)

1 Be influenced to gain new experience

2 Have more motivation in studying

3 Become a better version of yourself

4 Get depressed because you think that you are not good enough

6 Get jealous with others’ success

7 Decrease self-confident about yourself

8 Abuse alcohol drinks to reduce pressures

9 Feel isolated from peers, lack direction in their lives

In addition to the above factors, would you like to add any comments?

PART3: WHAT ARE THE SOLUTIONS FOR SENIOR STUDENTS TO

Please indicate your opinion about each statement by choosing the appropriate column (SD= Strongly Disagree; D= Disagree; U= Undecided; A= Agree, SA= Strongly Agree)

2 Spend time for yourself to assess spend strengths and weaknesses instead

3 Find something to focus on and set aside peer pressure (sport, cooking,etc )

4 Build self-esteem for yourself

5 Speak with the individual who is putting you under peer pressure.

6 Recognize unhealthy behaviours to avoid

7 Plan ahead on what you can say or do to avoid being pressured

Tiêu đề	The Effects Of Peer Pressure On Second-Year Students At National Economics Economy
Tác giả	Tran Lan Nhi, Nguyen Tran Tu Linh, Vu Binh Son, Nguyen Hoang Long, Nguyen Trang Nhung
Người hướng dẫn	Dr. Nguy Thuy Trang
Trường học	National Economics University
Chuyên ngành	Economics
Thể loại	Graduation Project
Năm xuất bản	2021
Thành phố	Ha Noi

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Số trang	46
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