INTRODUCTION
Rationale
As a student at Duy Tan University's Faculty of English, I have had the opportunity to explore various types of interpreting across multiple disciplines Among these experiences, translating a novel was particularly engaging and rewarding for me.
The translation industry has seen a significant increase in interest, with many individuals pursuing careers in this challenging field Successful translation demands strong foreign language proficiency and an extensive vocabulary, making the task of achieving an accurate Vietnamese translation particularly complex.
The number of book readers continues to grow as the quality of novels is increasingly recognized Each year, numerous novels are published globally, with some selected for translation due to the translator's interest in the text and its linguistic style Successfully navigating idiomatic expressions and slang during the translation from English to Vietnamese, while preserving the original message, is a key factor in this selection process Choosing this particular book for translation has significantly enhanced my understanding of various aspects of social life.
This novel, which blends social commentary on the absurdity of laws affecting children of unmarried parents with a gripping revenge thriller, is notable for its illegal status, leaving readers with a lasting impression.
In short, I hope that AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED
TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER 3 AND 4 FROM THE BOOK “NO
NAME” BY WILKIE COLLINS will bring a different perspective on social commentary in the Victorian literary market.
Aims and Objectives
Identifying some new ways to help people and myself to search for our full potential so that we could get better and reach for greater deals in life.
Giving the comfort what is in this book for the readers/novel lovers.
Improving translating skills through difficult vocabulary and grammar structures as well as unfamiliar idioms and expressions.
Increasing knowledge about method, process and identifying the steps of translation.
After completing the graduation paper, I had gained several noticeable purposes as follows:
Summing up the knowledge that I have learned for nearly 4 years at university.
Grasping the use of difficult vocabulary and idioms which are usually used in education aspect.
Translating text more clearly, easy to understand and as natural as possible.
Getting to know how to deal with complicated sentence structures.
Mastering translating skills and the ways to express equivalent ideas in both English and Vietnamese.
Gaining more knowledge about educational reality and changes.
Scope of the Study
In this graduation paper, I would like to offer a suggested version in Vietnamese language for the English version of chapter 3 and 4 from the book
“No Name” by Wilkie Collins In addition, I also analyzed some difficult vocabulary and grammar structures that I encountered during the process of translating this text.
Published in 1862 by S Low, Son & Co in London, "No Name" is a captivating 19th-century novel by Wilkie Collins, a renowned master of sensation fiction The story follows the tragic fate of a country gentleman and his wife, who both die unexpectedly, leaving their daughters devastated The revelation of their illegitimacy, as they were born before their parents' marriage, strips them of their inheritance and societal standing, leading to a profound struggle for identity and acceptance.
The book “No Name” overall has 8 scenarios The text I choose to translate belongs to chapter 3 and 4 of the first scene - with about 4500 words.
“No Name” has 15 chapters and I choose the chapter 3 and 4 of the first scene to translate The text is divided into main parts and it is organized as follows:
The text is chapter 3 and 4 from the book “No Name” written by WilkieCollins “No Name” was published on 18th March, 2006.
Methods of the study
I implemented this study based on two main methods:
Translating the text and paying attention to highlighted terms, idioms, and structures of the text.
Highlighting ambiguous vocabulary and difficult grammar structures. Scanning and skimming the whole text to get the main content of the text.
Engaging in discussions with supervisors and peers, alongside conducting thorough online research, helps in identifying the most appropriate meanings for specific words and structures Additionally, it is essential to review and correct any errors found in the proposed translations to ensure accuracy and clarity.
Analyzing difficult vocabulary and grammar structures based on translation and grammar theories after completing translation process.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Translation Theory
The theory of translation explores the relationships between different languages, making it a key aspect of Comparative Linguistics Translation can occur between any two languages or dialects, regardless of their spatial, temporal, or social contexts.
Translation can be defined in various ways, as it largely depends on individual perspectives Due to the existence of numerous languages worldwide, the concept of translation is not singular but rather multifaceted Here are some definitions of translation:
“Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)” - J.C Catford, 1965.
“Translation is the process of conveying messages across linguistic and cultural barriers” - Ian Tudor, 1987.
“Translation is the expression in another language (target language) of what has been expressed in one language (source language), preserving semantic and stylistic equivalencies” - Thakeray.W.M., 1796.
“Translation is a process of rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text” – Peter Newmark.
These concepts support the idea that translation is a complex process which requires also theoretical knowledge as well as practical experiences.
Translation can be categorized based on various factors such as extent, levels, and ranks Understanding these categories enables us to differentiate between different translation methods, ultimately helping to minimize errors in the translation process.
Translators often encounter two significant challenges: the dilemma of translating everything versus leaving some content untranslated J.C Carford categorizes translation into two types: full translation and partial translation.
(i)Full Translation: the entire text is submitted to the translation process: that is, the TL material replaces every part of the SL.
We should study hard to pass our final exams.
Chúng ta nên học tập chăm chỉ để vượt qua kỳ thi cuối cùng của chúng ta.
(ii) Partial Translation: some part or parts of the SL are left untranslated: they are simply transferred to and incorporated into the TL.
Cu đơ là món đặc sản của Hà Tĩnh.
“Cu do” is special food in Ha Tinh.
This distinction relates to the levels of language involved in translation In “total” translation, all levels of SL text are replaced with TL material.
(i) Total Translation is usually meant by ‘‘translation’’ most of the time:that is, translation in which all levels of the SL text are replaced by TL material.
Nothing is forever. Không có gì là mãi mãi.
Have you ever been to Ha Tinh? Bạn đã bao giờ đến Hà Tĩnh chưa?
Restricted Translation involves substituting source language (SL) text with equivalent target language (TL) text at a single level This can occur at either the phonological or graphological level, or it may focus solely on one of the two grammatical or lexical levels.
In America, they eat what they can, and they can what they can’t.
Ở Mỹ, họ ăn những gì ăn được và đóng hộp những gì họ không ăn được.
Phonological translation involves substituting the source language's (SL) phonology with the corresponding phonology of the target language (TL), while keeping the grammar and vocabulary of the SL text largely intact Any changes that occur are typically random deviations in grammar or lexis resulting from this phonological replacement.
SL graphology is replaced with equivalent target one without other considerable replacement.
In transliteration, the graphological units of the source language (SL) are substituted with their corresponding phonological units These SL phonological units are then translated into equivalent phonological units of the target language (TL) Finally, the TL phonological units are converted into the appropriate graphological units of the target language.
Ken Robinson Ken Rô–bin–xơn
Methods and Principles
Interlinear translation displays the target language (TL) directly beneath the source language (SL) words, maintaining the original word order This method translates words individually based on their most common meanings, often neglecting context Cultural terms are translated literally Word-for-word translation primarily serves to grasp the structure of the SL or to aid in the pre-translation process of complex texts.
Hôm qua tôi đi chợ.
Yesterday I went to the market.
The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents, but the lexical words are again translated singly out of context.
As a pre-translation process, this indicates the problem to be solved.
He looked up at the Milky Way.
Anh ấy nhìn lên vào con đường màu sữa.
A faithful translation aims to accurately convey the original context while adhering to the grammatical structure of the target language It preserves lexical uniqueness in the translation process and strives to remain true to the author's intentions and the text's original expression.
Mary đã làm việc tốt.
This translation method prioritizes the aesthetic value of the source text, sometimes sacrificing precise meaning It embraces flexibility, permitting creative deviations from strict fidelity, and encourages the translator's intuitive connection with the original work.
This translation method is the most liberal, primarily applied to plays and poetry It maintains the original themes, characters, and plots while adapting the source language culture to the target language, resulting in a rewritten text.
A man falls in love through his eyes, a woman through her ears.
Con trai yêu bằng mắt, con gái yêu bằng tai
The technique replicates the substance of the original while disregarding its style, resulting in a paraphrase that is typically longer than the source material This process, known as "intra-lingual translation," often comes across as overly elaborate, pretentious, and appears to lack any translation at all.
Chúc một ngày tốt lành!
Shall we go for a blow?
Chúng ta đi hóng gió nhé?
This produces the “message” of the original again but tends to distort the nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms these do not exist in the original.
He was as quiet as a mouse.
Anh ta im như thóc.
This translation method aims to convey the original's contextual meaning while ensuring that both the content and language are easily understandable for the audience It is commonly used in newspaper articles, where communicative and semantic translations can frequently align.
Rain is expected in the afternoon.
Có lẽ chiều nay trời sẽ mưa.
The translation should reflect accurately the meaning of original text. Nothing should be arbitrarily added or moved, though occasionally part of the meaning can be transposed.
She was limp with fatigue.
Cô ta mệt đến độ không đứng lên nổi.
In translation, it is essential to maintain the original order of words and ideas as closely as possible However, due to variations in language structure, adjustments to the form and sequence of words may be necessary.
Both Mary and Mickey want to go skiing.
Cả Mary và Mickey đều muốn đi trượt tuyết.
Languages often differ greatly in their levels of formality in a given context (say, in a business letter) To resolve these differences, the translator must distinguish between formal and fixed expression.
I would like to express my gratefulness to…
Tôi muốn bày tỏ lòng biết ơn của mình đến…
A common criticism of translation is that it often lacks a natural flow, primarily due to the translator's heavy reliance on the original text's wording and structure To achieve a more authentic and fluid translation, it's essential for translators to break free from these constraints and adapt their language choices to better resonate with the target audience.
The influence of the source language (SL) involves setting the text aside and verbally translating select sentences from memory This approach reveals natural thought patterns in the target language (TL) that might not surface when focusing solely on the SL text.
This is the restaurant which I booked.
Đây là nhà hàng mà tôi đã đặt chỗ.
Idiomatic expressions are notoriously untranslatable These include similes, metaphor, proverbs, saying, jargons, slangs, colloquialisms and phrasal verbs If the expressions cannot be directly translated, try any of the following:
Retain the original word, in inverted commas.
Retain the original expression, with a literal explanation in bracket. Use a close equivalent.
Use a non-idiomatic or plain prose translation.
A translator should generally preserve the original style of the text However, if the source material is poorly written or contains excessive repetition, it is acceptable for the translator to make necessary corrections to enhance readability for the audience.
“Không tư duy, không suy nghĩ, không động não sẽ không tồn tại”.
No thinking means no existing.
SUGGESTED TRANSLATION
[1.] When she returned to the house,
Miss Garth openly expressed her negative views about the stranger in black, suspecting that he sought financial help from Mrs Vanstone The exact nature of his claim remained unclear, though it hinted at a possible connection as a poor relation.
Mrs Vanstone ever mentioned, in the presence of her daughters, the name of Captain Wragge?
[1.] Khi trở về nhà, cô Garth không cố gắng che giấu ý kiến bất lợi của mình về người lạ mặc đồ đen
Rõ ràng, mục tiêu của anh ta là nhận được sự hỗ trợ tài chính từ bà Vanstone, nhưng lời tuyên bố của anh ấy về bà lại có vẻ khó hiểu, trừ khi đó là một dấu hiệu của một mối quan hệ không tốt Liệu bà Vanstone đã bao giờ nhắc đến tên Thuyền trưởng Wragge trước mặt các con gái của bà hay chưa?
[2.] Neither of them recollected to have heard it before Had Mrs
Vanstone ever referred to any poor relations who were dependent on her?
Không ai trong số họ nhớ đã từng nghe về điều này trước đây Liệu bà Vanstone có bao giờ đề cập đến bất kỳ mối quan hệ nào kém cỏi mà phụ thuộc vào bà hay không?
[3.] On the contrary she had mentioned of late years that she doubted having any relations at all who were still living And yet
Captain Wragge had plainly declared that the name on his card would
Cô ấy đã bày tỏ nghi ngờ về mối quan hệ với những người còn sống trong những năm cuối đời Đồng thời, thuyền trưởng Wragge cũng khẳng định rằng cái tên trên thẻ của anh ta gợi nhớ đến "một vấn đề gia đình" đối với bà.
Vanstone's memory raises intriguing questions: was the stranger's false statement made without any understandable motive, or does it signify a deeper mystery that closely follows her enigmatic journey to London? This moment also evokes "a family issue" in Mrs Vanstone's recollection.
Tuyên bố sai từ người lạ có thể gây ra nhiều nghi vấn và khó hiểu, đặc biệt khi không có lý do rõ ràng cho sự xuất hiện của nó Điều này tạo nên một bí ẩn hấp dẫn, tiếp nối hành trình khám phá những điều kỳ lạ tại London.
All indications suggested a concealed link between the sudden departure of Mr and Mrs Vanstone due to personal matters and the family issue tied to their name.
Captain Wragge Miss Garth’s doubts thronged back irresistibly on her mind as she sealed her letter to
Mrs Vanstone, with the captain’s card added by way of inclosure.
[4.] Tất cả các khả năng dường như chỉ ra mối liên hệ bí ẩn nào đó giữa
Việc gia đình đã khiến ông bà Vanstone rời khỏi nhà đột ngột, và "vấn đề trong gia đình" gắn liền với tên của Thuyền trưởng Wragge Những nghi ngờ của cô Garth không thể ngừng vang vọng trong tâm trí cô khi cô đóng dấu bức thư gửi cho bà Vanstone, kèm theo tấm thẻ đội trưởng trong thư đính kèm.
[5.] By return of post the answer arrived.
[5.] Khi trả lại lá thư thì câu trả lời đã đến.
Miss Garth, the earliest riser among the women in her household, found herself alone in the breakfast room when a letter was delivered Upon her initial glance at the letter's contents, she was immediately convinced of its significance.
Mrs Garth was always the first to rise among the women in the household, finding herself alone in the breakfast room when the letter arrived She immediately recognized the importance of reading it thoroughly in private to avoid any awkward questions later To ensure her solitude, she left a message with the servant.
Norah quyết định pha trà vào sáng hôm đó, vì vậy cô đã ngay lập tức lên lầu để tìm đến sự yên tĩnh và an toàn trong phòng riêng của mình Nội dung bức thư đã thuyết phục cô về tầm quan trọng của việc đọc kỹ nó khi về hưu, nhằm chuẩn bị cho bất kỳ câu hỏi bối rối nào có thể xuất hiện.
Mrs Vanstone's letter was lengthy, primarily discussing Captain Wragge She provided comprehensive details about his character and the reasons that led him to Combe.
Bức thư của bà Vanstone đã được mở rộng với một đoạn bổ sung, trong đó phần đầu tiên nói về Thuyền trưởng Wragge Bà cung cấp đầy đủ những lời giải thích cần thiết về bản thân Thuyền trưởng và những động cơ đã khiến anh ta đến với Combe-Raven.
Vanstone revealed that her mother had been married twice, with her first husband being Doctor Wragge, a widower with young children One of these children is now the captain, who has a rather unmilitary appearance and can be reached at the Post Office in Bristol.
Bà Vanstone tiết lộ rằng mẹ cô đã trải qua hai cuộc hôn nhân Người chồng đầu tiên của bà là bác sĩ Wragge, một người đàn ông góa vợ có con nhỏ Một trong những đứa trẻ của bác sĩ Wragge hiện đã trở thành thuyền trưởng, nhưng không mang vẻ ngoài quân đội.
[9.] Mrs Wragge had left no family by her first husband; and had afterward married Mrs Vanstone’s father Of that second marriage Mrs
Vanstone herself was the only issue
ANALYSIS
Difficult words and Phrases
Initially, I was perplexed by the meanings of certain words and phrases Relying on their common definitions could lead to inaccuracies in translation Consequently, I needed to examine all relevant meanings to select the most appropriate ones for my translation.
Multi-meaning words possess multiple definitions that vary based on context, making them challenging for translators without a thorough understanding of both the words and the original text I often face difficulties selecting the appropriate meaning for these words, so I employ various translation methods to find equivalent meanings Additionally, I frequently revisit the original text to ensure I identify the most accurate meaning.
Upon her return to the house, Miss Garth openly expressed her negative feelings towards the stranger dressed in black The term "attempt," as defined by the Oxford Learner's Dictionary, encompasses various meanings.
1 [countable, uncountable] An act of trying to do something, especially something difficult, often with no success.
2 [countable] An act of trying to kill somebody.
3 [countable] An effort to do better than something, such as a very good performance in sport.
4 [countable] A thing that you produce as a result of trying to make or achieve something.
For the sentence’s meaning, I picked the first meaning because it was suitable for this situation, and I chose “cố gắng” in Vietnamese to maintain the idea of this sentence.
My suggested version: “Khi trở về nhà, cô Garth không cố gắng che giấu ý kiến bất lợi của mình về người lạ mặc đồ đen.”
She accompanied her husband to London with the intention of consulting a renowned physician privately about a sensitive health issue that was causing her great concern.
In Cambridge Dictionary, “ health ” was characterized by the following meanings:
1 The condition of the body and the degree to which it is free from illness, or the state of being well.
2 The condition of something that changes or develops, such as an organization or system.
3 The activity or business of providing medical services.
4 The condition of someone's body or mind, or the state of being well. After looking up dictionary and carefully considering the given context,
I see the fourth meaning is the most appropriate In this case, I choose the meaning as “sức khỏe” in Vietnamese.
Cô ấy đi cùng chồng tới London với mục tiêu gặp một bác sĩ nổi tiếng để thảo luận về một vấn đề sức khỏe nhạy cảm và đầy lo âu mà cô đang gặp phải.
“Mrs Vanstone’s spirits had subsided to their natural quiet level; Mr. Vanstone’s imperturbable cheerfulness sat as easily and indolently on him as usual.” [Page 28, paragraph 24]
The adjective “ natural ” is explained in Oxford Learner’s Dictionary as:
1 [only before noun] Existing in nature; not made or caused by humans.
2 (especially of food) Having little or no processing.
3 Normal; as you would expect.
4 Used to describe behaviour or abilities that are part of the character that a person or an animal was born with.
5 [only before noun] Having an ability that you were born with.
6 Relaxed and not pretending to be somebody/something different.
7 [only before noun] (of parents or their children) Related by blood.
8 [only before noun] (old use or formal) (of a son or daughter) Born to parents who are not married.
9 [only before noun] Based on human reason alone.
It was clear that the third meaning was the most suitable one for this context and in my opinion, it had the same meaning with “tự nhiên” in Vietnamese.
Linh hồn của bà Vanstone đã tìm được sự yên tĩnh tự nhiên, trong khi niềm vui tươi sáng của ông Vanstone vẫn hiện hữu một cách dễ dàng và thoải mái như mọi khi.
“Hate breaks its prison-secrecy in the thoughts, through the doorway of the eyes; and Love finds the Judas who betrays it by a kiss.” [Page 28, paragraph 25]
The noun “ doorway ” defined in the Cambridge Dictionary as following:
1 The space in a wall where a door opens, or a covered area just outside a door.
2 The space for a door through which you go into and out of a room or building.
Depending on those meanings, I think that the first meaning is more suitable in this sentence, and “doorway” should be translated as “ô cửa”.
"Căm ghét mở ra những ngục tù bí mật trong tâm trí, và từ ánh mắt, tình yêu phát hiện ra Judas, kẻ đã phản bội bằng một nụ hôn."
“What nobler qualities he might possess below the surface, no one had ever discovered.” [Page 33, paragraph 31]
According to Cambridge Dictionary, the verb “ possess ” had two meanings:
1 To have or own something, or to have a particular quality.
2 To take control over a person's mind, making that person behave in a very strange way.
The initial interpretation was clearly the most suitable for the sentence I selected the Vietnamese term "sở hữu" to enhance the clarity of its meaning.
My suggested version: “Những phẩm chất tuyệt vời mà anh ta có thể sở hữu bên dưới vẻ ngoài kia, chưa ai từng khám phá.”
“ Ordinary men would have been astonished.” [Page 43, paragraph 46]
In The Free Dictionary, the adjective “ ordinary ” had three meanings:
2 Having no special ability, quality, or purpose.
3 Not particularly good; not better than average.
There are a lot of meanings for “ordinary” in the dictionary However, in this context, the first meaning is suitable to translate, so I choose “bình thường” to convert this word.
My suggested version: “Người đàn ông bình thường sẽ rất ngạc nhiên.”
A phrasal verb consists of a verb combined with a preposition or adverb, resulting in a meaning that differs from the original verb During translation, I encountered several phrasal verbs that caused confusion.
The initial section focused on Captain Wragge, providing a thorough exploration of his character and the reasons that led him to Combe-Raven.
According to Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, the phrasal verb “ refer to ” had three following meanings:
1 To mention or speak about somebody/something.
2 To describe or be connected to somebody/something.
3 To look at something or ask a person for information.
Based on the context of the sentence, I think the first meaning is the most appropriate I translated it into “đề cập đến” in Vietnamese to the meaning of the text
Phần đầu tiên của bài viết nói về Thuyền trưởng Wragge, cung cấp những thông tin cần thiết về nhân vật này và lý do đã đưa anh ta đến Combe-Raven.
She firmly secured the letter in her desk and gathered her determination to focus on the day's activities before heading back down to the breakfast room.
“ Attend to ” had two basic meanings, according to The Free Dictionary:
1 To take care of the needs of someone or something; to respond to a request or demand from someone or something.
In my view, utilizing "với" in Vietnamese effectively preserves the original meaning in English, making it one of the best choices to convey the author's intent in this sentence.
Cô gấp lá thư lại và đặt trên bàn, tự nhắc nhở bản thân tìm niềm vui trong những khoảnh khắc ngắn ngủi của một ngày Sau đó, cô bước xuống cầu thang và trở lại phòng ăn sáng.
He belonged to a historically significant family and inherited a remarkable library from his ancestors This extensive collection not only occupied every room in his modest home but also adorned the staircases and hallways.
In Cambridge Dictionary, the phrasal verb “ derive from ” means “to come from something” Thus, it can be translated into “có được từ”.
Challenging Structures
When translating documents, understanding sentence structures is crucial for conveying meaning accurately Analyzing grammatical components is essential for grasping the sentence's intent Consequently, translators must have a strong command of grammar to effectively translate the original text into the target language In my graduation paper, I categorized and analyzed key structures to enhance readers' comprehension of the text's meaning.
The Passive Voice emphasizes the individual or object affected by an action rather than the one performing it In passive sentences, the verb is consistently in the past participle form While the passive voice is frequently used in English, translators typically convert it into the active voice for smoother translations, making it essential to avoid a literal, word-for-word translation approach.
“He had been expelled the militia regiment in which he once held a commission.” [Page 19, paragraph 12]
In this situation, I translated “ had been expelled ” into “ đã bị đuổi khỏi ” with the negative meaning in order to convey the author’s intention.
My suggested version: “Anh ta đã bị đuổi khỏi trung đoàn dân quân mà anh ta từng giữ nhiệm vụ.”
“He was crooked of back, and quick of temper.” [Page 32, paragraph30]
In this situation, I translated the equivalent meaning of the expression “ was crooked ” into “ bị gù lưng ” to maintain the author’s emphasis on the matter has foreseen.
My suggested version: “Anh ta bị gù lưng, và rất nóng tính.”
“They generally quarreled at night, and met on the neutral ground of the shrubbery to be reconciled together the next morning.” [Page 34, paragraph 31]
In this sentence, the original version in English was in passive voice, but if I kept passive voice in translating it into the target language, it would sound unnatural.
Họ thường xảy ra cãi vã vào ban đêm, nhưng sáng hôm sau lại gặp nhau tại một khu vực trung lập giữa những bụi cây để hòa giải.
“At his intercession, and through his influence, Frank, Cecil, and Arthur were received on the foundation of a well-reputed grammar-school.” [Page 35, paragraph 33]
In this case, I had to maintain the passive voice in order to avoid making the sentence ambiguous “ Were received ” translated into “ đã được thừa nhận ”.
My suggested version: “Nhờ sự can thiệp, và ảnh hưởng của ông,
Frank, Cecil và Arthur đã được thừa nhận trên nền tảng của một trường phổ thông danh tiếng.”
A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses connected by a comma, semicolon, or conjunction Each independent clause contains a subject and a verb, conveying a complete thought.
“As it is, I have no money to help them with; and they have no brains to help themselves.” [Page 35, paragraph 32]
There were two independent clauses in this sentence:
Independent clause 1: “I have no money to help them with”
Independent clause 2: “they have no brains to help themselves”
My suggested version: “Đúng như vậy, tôi không có tiền để giúp chúng; và chúng không có não để tự giúp chính mình.”
“Frank shall have this splendid chance; and I’ll lay you any wager you like he makes the best of it.” [Page 38, paragraph 39]
It was clear that there were two independent clauses in this sentence: Independent clause 1: “Frank shall have this splendid chance”
Independent clause 2: “I’ll lay you any wager you like he makes the best of it”
My suggested version: “Frank sẽ có cơ hội tuyệt vời này; và tôi dám cá rằng nó sẽ làm tốt nhất.”
“He had gone away a backward lad of seventeen; he returned a young man of twenty.” [Page 44, paragraph 49]
Two independent clauses were identified in this sentence:
Independent clause 1: “He had gone away a backward lad of seventeen”
Independent clause 2: “he returned a young man of twenty”
My suggested version: “Anh ta đã bỏ đi một cậu bé mười bảy tuổi lạc hậu; anh ta trả lại một thanh niên đôi mươi.”
A complex sentence in grammar consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause It resembles a mother with one or more children relying on her, where one idea holds greater significance than the other Typically, the more important idea is presented in the independent clause, while the less important idea is found in the dependent clause.
4.2.3.1 Complex Sentences with Noun Clause
Translating sentences with noun clauses can be challenging, as misinterpreting their meaning and function may lead to misunderstandings During my translation of this novel, I faced several difficulties related to noun clauses Below are examples of noun clauses along with my proposed translations.
To prevent her husband from feeling annoyed or potentially cheated by anyone falsely claiming a family connection, she had long supported the captain financially, with the stipulation that he stay away from their home and refrain from contacting Mr Vanstone.
There were two noun clauses in this sentence:
Noun clause 1: “That he should never come near the house”
Noun clause 2: “That he should not presume to make any application whatever to Mr Vanstone”
Above two noun clauses all functioned as objects modifying the verb
Cuối cùng, một cách tự nhiên và không làm chồng khó chịu, cô đã lừa dối bản thân mình khi cho rằng mối quan hệ gia đình trong nhiều năm qua là để giúp đỡ người thuyền trưởng bằng chính tiền của mình, với điều kiện anh ta không được đến gần nhà và không được nộp đơn xin việc cho ông Vanstone.
Mrs Vanstone acknowledged the recklessness of her decisions, noting that her tendency to rely on different members of her mother's family for support stemmed from her upbringing.
There were a noun clauses in this sentence:
The noun clause suggests that her inclination to adopt the situation may stem from her childhood experiences, where she observed the captain relying on different members of her mother’s family at various times.
Noun clause role as objects that modify the verb “explain” in the context.
Bà Vanstone thừa nhận sự thiếu thận trọng trong lần này và giải thích rằng bà có thể chấp nhận điều đó hơn do đã quen thuộc với tình huống này từ những ngày đầu, khi chứng kiến thuyền trưởng sống cùng một thành viên trong gia đình mẹ cô, và giờ là một thành viên khác.
4.2.3.2 Complex Sentences with Adjective Clause (or Relative Clause)
A relative clause, also known as an adjective clause, is a dependent clause that describes a noun It begins with relative pronouns like who, whose, whom, which, what, that, where, or when.
He married a financially struggling and uneducated waitress from a low-end diner, who unexpectedly inherited a small sum of money, which he recklessly wasted completely.
In this situation, the underlined relative clause was a complement that modified the noun “woman”.
Anh ta đã kết hôn với một người phụ nữ nghèo và thiếu học thức, từng làm hầu bàn tại một nhà hàng nhỏ Không ai ngờ rằng, sau khi kiếm được một ít tiền và nhận phần thừa kế nhỏ bé, anh ta lại phung phí một cách không thương tiếc cho đến giây phút cuối cùng.
“After a few minutes, the figure of a gentleman became visible, at the point where the shrubbery path joined the winding garden-walk which led to the house.” [Page 30, paragraph 28]
In this situation, it could be easily seen that the marked relative clause played the role as a object of preposition at that modified the noun “point”.
Sau một vài phút, một người đàn ông lịch lãm xuất hiện tại điểm giao giữa con đường rậm rạp và lối đi dạo quanh co dẫn vào ngôi nhà.