Chương I NHỮNG QUY ĐỊNH CHUNG
TEXT 6. HOW A PROJECT PROPOSAL SHOULD BE
FORMULATED ? The content of a Project Proposal is as follows:
1. Project summary 2. The project:
(a) Background (b) Justification (c) Objectives
(d) Outputs and Activities
Chi phi Lạm phát Yêu cầu nhân lực
Những mục đích phi kinh tế
(e) Input and budget
(f) Implementation Aưangements
3. Annexes (Several of these may need to be prepared only when a funding source is available and a Project Document is prepared. For example, the detailed Work Plan of the project).
The content and length of a Project Proposal is adjusted to the requirements of each project. An elaborate Project Proposal may be necessary only in complex cases.
Guidance on preparing the various parts of a Project Proposal is given below.
1. Project Summary (one page)
The Project Summary is to be prepared after the Project Proposal has been drawn up. It should provide on one page the following concise information, drawn from sections of the proposals according to the format below:
Project Title: Project Code:
Location:
Objective(s): Duration: (new item) Justification:
Output and Activities :
Inputs (Government and external) : (Formerly this was called
"R equirem ents"). This includes inputs of the G overnm ent(s) and designation of the Implementing Agency.
External Funds Required: Donor's commitment.
The Project Summary page will be repeated in the Work Programme.
2. Background (up to three pages)
This section should briefly present relevant descriptive information about the proposed project based on the following questions :
- What is the main idea of the project and where did it come from ? (two - three sentences).
- What is the problem this project is meant to address? This answer should explain the problem. It does not justify the intervention. (One paragraph).
- What geographical area does the proposed project cover? State relevant basic data on the project site : location, population, size, pertinent geographical, social and economic features. Include a map of the project locale (one-two paragraphs, plus a map which should be included as an Annex to the Project Proposal).
- Describe past and ongoing work relevant to the proposed project that has been or is being carried out by the Mekong Committee and riparian Governments, including work supported by donor or funding agencies (two pages).
- Identify all institutional participants in the proposed project. (In one paragraph state who are the likely players to be involved in the project).
3. Justification (up to two pages)
For the justification portion of this section, present arguments that defend the creation of the project.
- Why is this project important ? (two-three paragraphs).
This question seeks to determine the priority of this particular project.
It can be answered in various ways: by referring to priorities in the development plans of the riparian countries; by estimating losses/costs from the continued existence of the problem; and/or by stating the consequences of doing nothing.
- How will the proposed project solve the problem described in the Background portion above ? (one-two paragraphs).
- What alternatives to the proposed project were considered and why was the proposed approach selected over other portions ? (up to one page).
Alternatives could include non-project solutions to the problem, e.g., recommendations to Governments to accept previously offered advice, changes in the administered prices that might encourage private sector solutions, taking no action, etc., as well as other project approaches.
82
- W ho will benefit from this project ? (one paragraph)
- Are there negative impacts of the project on certain groups such as women, children, the elderly or handicapped ? If so, what are these impacts and how will the project deal with them ? (two-three paragraphs).
- W hat is the rationale for Mekong Committee participation in this project ? (two-three paragraphs).
The answer to this question should be in terms of the Committee's mandate and in relation to programme and Sub-Programme objectives of the Committee's current Work Programme. Additional supporting information could describe specific requests from riparian Governments Committee resolutions, and the comparative advantage of the Committee's regional role or the Secretariat's technical capabilities.
4. Objectives
An objective is a statement of the measurable conditions or results to be achieved by project activities (see Outputs below).
The achievement of all of a project's objectives should solve or greatly contribute to the solution of the problem presented in the Background.
Thus, the statement of objectives indicates the results that will be achieved to solve the problem(s).
5. Outputs and Activities
An output is the result of a set of activities. For a given objective, the production of all relevant outputs, according to plan and determined standards, should result in the achievement of that objective.
Outputs, as results, should be stated as finished products. For example,
"trained personnel" are an output (not "training" which is the activity that produces the output). Other common outputs could be completed studies, plans or reports; installed equipment; completed and inspected construction works; etc.
The presentation of outputs and Activities should be organized in outline form by objective so that it is clear which outputs relate to which objectives and which objectives relate to which outputs. Follow the outline provided below. List only major activities needed to produce each output.
6. Inputs
This section should have two parts describing, in turn, (1) resources to be commited from Governments which will presumably be mainly in-kind; and (2) resources to be pledged by an external donor(s).
6.1. National contribution
This sub-section should describle in narrative fashion the resources of Govemment(s), non-govemmental organizations and beneficiary groups that will be committed to the project including counterpart personnel, commodities, equipment, facilities and land. If Govemment(s) will budget cash for this project, estimate the amount and inditify the inputs it will fund. The in-kind contribution will no longer be given a monetary value.
6.2. External contribution (Project Budget)
This sub-section will describe , in the form of a budget, the resources I to be provided from external sources. To assist project designers in the
determination of external resources required, a procedure and work sheet are provided. This procedure, based on the draft work plan, assists in the identification and quantification of inputs required from the project.
Once external inputs have been identified, they must be costed. These costs should be aggregated by budget category and by year of planned expenditures.
7. Implementation Arrangements
The implementation arrangements should identify the organization with primary responsibility for implementing the project which may be the Mekong Secretariat, a Government institution, or sub-contractor or other agency. The roles and responsibilities of all participating organizations, including the external donor, should be clearly defined, especially for institution-building projects. After discussions, an organi
zational chart should be prepared. Responsibilities for financial management, monitoring, reporting and project evaluation should be described. Reference should also be made to procedures for project revision.
84
8. Annexes
Any information that is too long or too technical for inclusion in the proposal but deemed to be essential for the consideration of a potential donor should be appended as an annex. All information generated in project formulation need not become Annexes. However, the Work Plan should be included as one of the important Annexes.
The W ork Plan is graphic description of project implementation as a horizontal bar chart. The Work Plan shows in detail the sequence and duration of project activities by objective and output and the relationship of project activities to produce different outputs. The preparation of the Work Plan is basically a scheduling exercise that ensures the economical and coordinated use of inputs during the duration of the project. In other words, the W ork Plan arranges project activities in their logical sequence, facilitates the scheduling of inputs, and avoids possible time conflicts in the utilization of inputs.
TERMINOLOGIES - Justification - Inputs and Budget - Implementing agency - Donor's commitment QUESTIONS
1) What does the content of a project include ? 2) How long is project summary ?
3) How many questions must be answered in the part "Background" of a project ? What are they about ?
4) W here can too long or too technical information be written in the project ?
5) What is a work plan ? and How is it drawn ? : Luận chứng : Đầu tư và ngân sách : Cơ quan thực hiện : Úy nhiệm của nhà tài trợ
TEX1 7. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF W ATER PROJECT
The preceding sections relate to all projects including water projects.
This section looks at special characteristics of water projects, in particular looking at the appraisal of
- a new project;
- a rehabilitation proposal; and - management of a water operation.
Types of water projects include:
- irrigation water supply - drainage
- flood protection or flood control - hydro-electric generation - fisheries
- environmental maintenance or enhancement - urban water supply
- navigation
Many projects are multi-purpose
The limits of a project may not be clear. For practical purposes it is necessary to set a geographical limit and specify which activities are to be included in the project.
Water project normally have the following economic characteristics which distinguish them from others in the economy.
1) Assets in water projects normally have long lives. In Australia the average life of assets in the economy is about 18 years, for the water industry it is 70 years.
2) Water projects are normally capital intensive, that is capital costs are high compared to annual operating costs.
In the Victorian irrigation system, capital costs are over half of all costs of providing iưigation.
86
3) Projects are frequently multi-purpose.
Multipurpose projects may require allocation of joint costs.
For example:
A dam is constructed to supply hydro-electricity and to supply irrigation water.
"Separate" costs are first identified:
- Channels are attributed to irrigation - Turbines are attributed to power.
Remaining costs are "joint costs"
These should be assigned
- So that the assigned cost is less than the benefit
- So that the assigned cost is less than if the service were provided by a single purpose asset (eg. power from an alternative thermal plant).
These principles will avoid cross subsidy.
In practice, allocation is likely to occur after negotiation taking into account "capacity to pay" and shares of water used.
Economic activities that are usually included as part of the project - Building of main structures (dams, distribution system, etc.)
• Agriculture and forestry receiving water from the structures.
- Benefit from flood-control in areas for agriculture and industry.
- Generation of electricity for domestic consumption and industry.
- Creation of recreational area.
- Fisheries
- W ater storage for water quality management - Fire protection for urban and forested areas.
TERMINOLOGIES
- W ater project , : Dự án thủy lợi - Rehabilitation proposal : Đề nghị sửa chữa
- Annual operating costs - Capital investment
: Chi phí vận hành hàng năm : Đầu tư cơ bản
QUESTIONS
1) What are the types of water projects ? 2) Give an example of a multi-purpose project ?
3) Why are the channels attributed to irrigation and turbines to power 4) What comprises the distribution system on the irrigation network 5) What is a recreational area and where is it usually situated ? 6) Why do forested areas need fire protection ?