PHAN IV TAC DQNG VA DINH HUONG THAM GIA CUA VIET NAM TRONG QUA
4.3. Nhfrng giai phap chu yeu nh&m nang cao hieu qua hoi nhSp AC cua Viet Nam
❖ B l xudt va tham gia xay dung chuan muc ASEAN ve giao due va dao tao va van de lien thong giao due dao tao
❖ B l xuit va tham gia xay dung thi trucmg chung ve lao dong trong ASCC 4.3. Nhfrng giai phap chu yeu nh&m nang cao hieu qua hoi nhSp AC cua Viet Nam
(1) Phat triin quan he him nghi va hap tac toan dien vai ASEAN ca ve da
* * r
phuong va song phuong, chuyen sang giai doan moi ve chat va co hieu qua hon. Viet Nam din tich cuc tham gia thuc hien Ke hoach cong dong ASEAN va cac Ke hoach cong ddng chinh tri- an ninh, kinh te va van hoa- xa hoi; chon loc nhung chuang trinh va linh vuc phu hop d l co th i long ghep vao chuang trinh phat trien quoc gia, tir do tao thuan lgi cho ta chu dong hoi nhap khu vuc.
(2) Tham gia chit dong va tich cuc hon tren co so giu vung chu quyen va bao dam lgi ich qudc gia. Viet Nam can nghien cuu va de xuat sang kien kha thi thuc day hop tac tren nhung linh vuc phu hgp voi lgi ich, nhSm tan dung toi da cac co hoi co dugc. Bac biet, Viet Nam can tang cuong nghien cuu de nhan biet va danh gia sat ve nhung chuyln biln a khu vuc, ve chinh sach cua cac nuoc lan doi vai khu vuc, tir do xac dinh cac chu truang va chinh sach d6i ngoai phu hgp. Ben canh do, Viet Nam can co chiln luge tong the va dong bo ve viec tham gia hgp tac ASEAN.
(3) Tham gia ASEAN la mot qua trinh hop tac va dau tranh. Vi vay, Viet Nam cSn tilp tuc kien tri giu vung cac van de thuoc ve nguyen tic, nhung linh hoat ve bien phap va cach thuc; coi trpng cung c6 doan ket va hgp tac ASEAN, nang dan chat lugng cua su “th6ng nhSt trong da dang” cua Hiep hoi, nhung khong nh§t thiet phai vi doan k it ASEAN ma d l anh huang din lgi ich ca ban cua ta hoac quan he cua ta voi cac d6i tac quan trong ben ngoai.
(4) Chu dong tham gia day manh hop tac giua ASEAN voi cac doi tac ngoai khu vuc, nhdt la v i kinh ti- thuong mai. Viet Nam can kien tri giu vung vai trd chu dao cua ASEAN trong qua trinh kien tao cac cau true khu vuc dang noi len thong qua
cac diin dan khu vuc d l tao ra su tap hgp luc lugng da dang va rong Ion hem theo huong co lgi cho ASEAN va Viet Nam, tranh d l mot nuoc Ion nao thao tung cac van de khu vuc.
(5) Tang cuang cong tac chi dao, to chuc, tap trung nguon luc (tdi chinh va can bo) cho viec tham gia AC. Viet Nam can chuan bi va san sang trade moi tinh
hudng d l co th i tan dung tdi da cac co hoi va han che nhung kho khan. Cac hoat dpng tham gia AC cin su chi dao tap trung thdng nhit cua Chinh phu; su tham gia tich cuc va phdi hgp chat che cua nhieu Bo/nganh, cung nhu su diu tu thich dang ve nhan luc va tai chinh. CSn tang cudng hon nua cong tac chia se thdng tin giua cac nganh cung nhu tuyen truyen rong rai cho cac tang ldp nhan dan v l tinh hinh hgp tac ASEAN va su tham gia cua Viet Nam trong ASEAN.
KET LUAN
Chu nghia kiln tao xa hoi cho ring Cong ddng ASEAN la mot su kiln tao mang tinh chit xa hoi trong quan he quoc te a Dong Nam A . Theo do, su tien triln nhan thuc ve cong dong the hien tren ba khia canh: ve mat nhan thuc can phai hinh thanh cong ddng; v l nguyen tic va ca cau td chuc; va ve lo trinh tien tai cong dong, trong hap tac khu vuc a Dong Nam A dong vai trd quan trong. Hien tai, ASEAN dang triln khai mdt thu “chinh tri tdc do” trong qua trinh xay dung AC. D ilu nay th i hien quylt tam manh me han bao gid h it va quan trong la khong th i dao ngiroc duoc cua cac nha lanh dao ASEAN ddi vdi viec day manh hoi nhap khu vuc va xay dimg mot cong ddng cac qudc gia va dan toe d Dong Nam A . Quyet tam nay cua ASEAN khong phai la khong cd ca so ma no dugc dua tren nhung thanh tuu hoi nhap quan trong ma ASEAN da dat dugc trong han bdn thap ky qua trong cac llnh vuc kinh te, van hoa-xa hoi va an ninh-chinh tri.
Thang 11 nam 2008, Hiln chuang ASEAN bat dau co hieu luc va trd thanh tru cot th i chi cua Cong ddng ASEAN. Tai Hoi nghi thugng dinh lan thu 14, cac nha lanh dao ASEAN cung da thdng qua ban Ke hoach Cong ddng ASEAN la su ket hgp cua ba ban K l hoach Cong ddng Chinh tri-An ninh, Cong ddng Kinh te va Cong ddng Van hoa-Xa hoi ASEAN kem theo Ke hoach thuc hien Sang kien hoi nhap ASEAN giai doan II (2009-2015). X6t ve triln vong, vdi nhung gi dang dien ra thi co kha nang nhit AC se hinh thanh dung thdi han, nhung chi dung lai d muc tieu khiem tdn han va cd th i mgt so noi dung dugc gac lai.
Hoi nhap ASEAN la mot trong nhung tru cot ca ban cua chien luge hoi nhap qudc t l cua Viet Nam. Viet Nam tham gia tich cuc AC la su ket hgp sue manh ben trong vdi b$n ngoai, giOa sue manh dan tpc vdi sue manh thdi dai. Viet Nam tham gia AC trade h it nhim bao ve va phyc vu lgi ich qudc gia, tao mdi trudng khu vuc thuan lgi cho phat triln dat nude, va lam chd dua d l md rong quan he vdi ben ngoai va hoi nhap qudc te.
Phu luc:
Bang 1: Mot s6 chi s6 kinh te vi mo cua cac nuoc ASEAN nam 2008
Nude GDP gia
hien thdi
GDP binh quan dku ngudi
T6ng kim ngach thuong mai
Thucmg mai/GDP
T*
trong thuong mai noi kh6i vdi ASEAN
FDl vao
FDI noi bo ASEAN
Ty trong FDI noi khoi
Trieu US$ US$ PPP Trieu US$ % % Trieu US$ Trieu
US$ %
Brunay 14,146.7 48,179.7 11,860.2 83.8 29.9 239.2 0.9 0.38
Campuchia Indonexia
, U o
J 1,081.6 511,174.4
5,289.0
3,943.3 266,217.7 52.1
i *0■ *' ijk &
I * 'I’i Au yằlĐf 152.6
■v a i ' f , 25.6
... ■
7,918.5 2,955.0 | 37.32
Malaixia 222,057.2 13^747.9^ 338,794.7 25.1 7,318.4 1,607.6 21.97
Myanmar 27,182.0 ' ‘‘ '38.3:-' <3 6 7 1 4 # 13:08
Philippin 166,772.8 3,506.8 105,671.0 63.4 20.3 1,520.0 47.6 3.13
Xingapo . Thai lan V iftN am ASEAN
182,102.7 273,728.6
90,700.8 s 1,504,235.8
8 ,2 1 7 .6 1 352,534.2 5,252.7 I 1,710,421.7
25Q3 128.8 1 8 113.7
19.7 26.8
9,834.5 8,050.1) 59,440.1
. ' J i 2,446.3
" ; Y r i i - ' 10,821.1
4 8h
. ' . t * -
24.87 18.21
Nguon: Ban thu ky ASEAN. Trang web. 2009.
Bang 2: Tong so dong thue d cac muc 0-5% va > 5% cua ASEAN den ngay 1/1/2010
Nude T6ng s6 dong thue Ty le
0-5% >5% Khac T6ng 0-5% >5% Khac Tong
BrunSy 8223 - - 8223 100 - - 100
Indonexia 8625 16 - - 8641 99,81 - - 100
Malaixia 12227 12 - 12239 99,9 0,1 - 100
Philippin 8919 34 - 8953 99,62 0,38 - 100
Xingapo 8300 - - 8300 100 - - 100
Thdi lan 8300 - - 8300 100 - - 100
ASEAN 6 54594 62 0 54656 99,89 0,11 0,0 100
Cambodia 10537 - - 10537 100 - - 100
I i o 7900 314 - 8214 96,18 3,82 - 100
Myanmar 8240 - - 8240 100 - - 100
Vi?t Nam 8014 85 - 8099 98,95 1,05 - 100
CLMV 34691 399 - 35090 98,86 1,14 - 100
ASEAN 10 89285 461 0 89746 99,49 0,51 0,0 100
Ngudn: 23rd AFTA Council Meeting, Bangkok Thailand, 13 August 2009
Bang 3: Cac nganh iru tien va cac nude dieu phoi vien
... ... 1 4 ... ...1
San pham N ird c di§u phoi vien
San pham go va o to Indonexia
Cao su, det may va giay dep Malaixia
San phSm nong - lam nghiep Myanmar
Dien tu Philippin
E-ASEAN va y te Xingapo
Hang khong va du lich Thai Lan
Djch vu hau can (giao nhan va luu kho) Viet Nam
Nguon: Ban thu ky ASEAN. ASEAN Framework Agreement for the Integration of Priority Sectors. Vientiane, 29th November 2004. (Bo sung trudng hop Viet Nam)
Bang 4: Muc tieu kinh te cua AEC
Tap trung hoa chinh sach kinh te - tien te X
Hai hoa hoa chinh sach kinh tl X X
Tu do di chuyen ylu to san xuat X X X
Thue quan chung X X X
Tu do hoa thuong mai giua cac thanh vien X X X X X
FTA Lien minh thue quan
Thi trudng
chung
Lien minh kinh te
tien te
AEC
Tai lieu tham khao
ASEAN Secretariat. Website.
Acharya, Amitav. 2009. Constructing a Security Community in Southeast Asia:
Asean and the Problem of Regional Order. (Routledge, New York)
Badawi, Abdullah Ahmad. 1998. ‘Opening Statement of H.E. Dato' Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi Minister of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia’ 31st ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, Manila, the Philippines, 24 July 1998
Buzan, Barry. 1993. “From International System to International Society: Structural Realism and Regime Theory Meet the English School,” International
Organization 47, 3 (Summer 1993), pp. 327-352.
Gruel, Jean and Wil Hout. 1999. ‘Regions, regionalism and the South’ in Jean Grugel and Wil Hout eds., Regionalism across the North-South Divide: State Strategies and Globalization (London: Routledge, 1999). p. 10.
Haas, Ernst B. (1958). The Uniting o f Europe: Political, Social, and Economic Forces 1950-1957. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Hoffmann, Stanley. 1970. “International Organization and the International System.”
International Organization. Vol. 24 No. 3 Summer, 1970.
Hoffmann, Stanley. 1966. “Obstinate or Obsolete? The Fate of the Nation State and the Case of Western Europe,” Daedalus 95, 892-908.
Hurrell, Andrew. 1995. “Regionalism in theoretical perspective”, in Fawcett, Louise and Hurrell, Andrew (eds.): Regionalism in World Politics: Regional Organization and International Order. New York, Oxford University Press, p.
41.
Keohane, Robert and Joseph Nye. 1977. Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition. Boston: Little, Brown and Co.
Lindberg, Leon N. (1963). The Political Dynamics o f European Economic Integration. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Luk Van Langenhove and Ana-Cristina Costea, (2007) “The EU as a Global Actor and the Emergence o f ‘Third Generation’ Regionalism”, in Paolo Foradori,