The main instruments which are employed for the research are as follows:
- Questionnaire for teachers and students
- Interviews: one for teachers and one for students Instruments used in this study are briefly described as follows:
Approach Quantitative Qualitative
Method Survey Interview
Instruments Questionnaire Interview questions Number 48 items(teacher and student) with
scaling answer
6 questions for students and 7 questions for teachers
Aims To collect quantitative data focusing on the aim of the research
To collect more detailed information
Table 3.1 Summary of instruments 3.4.1 Questionnaire survey
3.4.1.1 The questionnaire for the teachers
The questionnaire for teachers is designed with two parts:
-Part 1: Background information about teachers at Hue University of Foreign Languages: name, gender, age, number, number of years working.
-Part 2 : has 25 items. These items are divided into 4 clusters. Participants respond to the questions by placing a tick on one of five options, namely, strongly agree, agree, undecied, disagree or strongly disagree.
Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data focusing on four clusters as follows :
-Teachers‟ perception toward using authentic materials in speaking skills -Students‟ knowledge and skills
-Students‟ learning methods and habits
-Approach and method of practice using authentic materials in speaking skill 3.4.1.2 The questionnaire for students
The questionnaire for the students is designed with two parts:
-Part 1: Background information: name, gender, age, year of study and English proficiency
-Part2 : has 23 items. These items are devided into 4 clusters. Participants respond to the questions by placing a tick on one of five options, namely, strongly agree, agree, undecied, disagree or strongly disagree.
Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data focusing on four clusters as follows
- Students‟ responses to the teaching of authentic materials in speaking skills - Students‟ view to the teachers tools /activities to develop speaking skills in classroom
-The students‟ difficulties in practising speaking using authentic materials Based on the aims of the study, 23 items from students, 25 items from teachers in the questionnaires were clustered. The following table will describe how the items were categorized.
FOR TEACHER
Clusters/sub-clusters Items
Teachers’ perception toward using authentic materials in speaking skills
1,2,3,4,5
_The necessity of using authentic materials 1
_Teachers’view to authentic materials 2,3,4
_The effectiveness of authentic materials toward teaching speaking
5
Students’ knowledge and skills 6,7,8,9,10,11
_Students’knowledge 7, 9, 10
_Students’skills 8, 11
_Students’level of English proficiency 6
Students’ learning methods and habits 12, 13,14,15,16,17
_Students’learning methods 13, 15, 17
_Students’habits 12, 14, 16
Approach and methods of practice using authentic materials in speaking skills
18, 19,20,21,22,23,24,25
_Approach 18, 19, 20, 21, 25
_ Methods 22, 23, 24
FOR STUDENTS Students’ responses to authentic materials
in speaking skills
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
_ The necessity of using authentic materials 1
_Students’view to authentic materials 4, 6, 7, 9, _The effectiveness of using authentic materials 3, 8, 10, 11, 12 _Students’attitudes to authentic materials 2, 5, Students’ view to the teachers’ tool /activities to develop
speaking skills in classroom
13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20
_Students’view on the teachers’tool 15
_Students’view on teachers’methods 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20
_Students’view on the tachers’activities 16,
The students’ difficulties in practicing speaking using authentic materials
21,22,23
Table 3.2 Summary of the questionnaire
Many researchers in the social sciences use SPSS to perform data analysis, but often formal training in use of the software and how to interpret output is severely lacking. Statistical methods for social research using SPSS aims to eliminate the quantitative skills deficit which exists among many social science researchers.
Data collected from the pilot survey was used to check the reliability of the questionnaire with the help of SPSS. Therefore, there are four reasons why I have chosen SPSS as follows :
-Demand for quantitative of analysis of abstract matters in field of social sciences
-Facilitate data management : coding data & entering data
-Facilitate analysis of basic statistic : Alpha, Mean, Max, Min, SD, etc.
-Popular language of statistics in the field of TESOL
Then I used SPSS to analyze the pilot data, the result of the reliability test was rather high, Cronbachs alpha =.817(for Students), and.727(for teachers). The result is shown in table 3.3 below :
Cronbach's Alphaa N of Items
From students .859 23
From Teachers .740 25
Table 3.3 The result of the questionnaire 3.4.2 Interviews
To support the authenticity of the data gathered from questionnaires, interviews were chosen in this research. Interviews allow the researcher to receive much more detailed and significant data, which is important and essential for the proposed purpose.
In this study indepth interviews were used to validate the data collected from questionnaires, to follow up unexpected results.
The Interview questions were guided in each cluster similar to those of the questionnaires.( See appendix 3) for teachers and for students ( See appendix 4)
Five teachers with the different ages and teaching experiences from 10-20 years were invited to individual interviews, as well as 10 students.
Each interview lasted about one hour. The interviews were conducted in English . The information was collected through the interviews with teachers by means of note-taking so that the teachers find it easy and comfortable to express their ideas. For the confidentiality of the participants, their real names were not called. They were referred to in this study from Teacher 1 to Teacher 5
A group of 10 students were interviewed in their breaking time. The students prefer to express their opinions and ideas in Vietnamese so that the interviewees could feel more comfortable to express their opinions. Because they cannot hold long conversation in English. The students‟opinion would help to provide a clear picture of how the teaching and learning activities were caried out. For the confidentiality of the participants , their real names were not called. They were referred to in this study from Students 1 to Students 10 .