1/2 3/4
Tom ta t
Tif kiem tra
D2u ciu giup ngudi doc xic dinh duoc cic cym tu d giua v i trong ciu.
Giua cic ciu, dau duoc dung nhi2u nhit li diu ch^m (period); trong ciu, diu duoc dung nhi2u nhit U diu phfy (comma).
Dau gach noi (hyphen) tich cic phin trong tu; din gach ngang (dash) tich cic phin cua ciu vi giua cic ciu voi nhau.
D2u chim phfy (semicolon) duoc dung df tich cic c2u hoin chinh; diu hai ch2m (colon) dung t i lift k? danh sich.
C m i luii ctuug m
1. Vdi danh ttf hoac dai ttf so' it khong tan cung b&ng s, ta them dau ltfdc va chtf s.
2. Vdi danh ttf so it tan cung bang 5, ta them dau ltfdc nhtfng khong them chtf s.
3. Vdi danh ttf so nhieu tan cilng being s, ta them dau ltfdc trtfdc chtf s, nhtf trong “C h a rle s” hay “J a m e's”.
4. Vdi danh ttf so' nhieu khong tan cung b&ng s, ta them dau ltfdc va chtf s, nhtf trong “men's suits. ’
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5. D in g dau phay thay vi dau lffdc de the hien dang so nhieu.
6. Tir rut gon \ k dai tir sd hffu deu giong nhau, nhff trong
“it’s/its”, “you’re/your”, va “they’re/their.”
7. Diing dau hai cham sau phan chao md dau trong thiT thffdng mai.
8. Khi viet, dffng them dau phay chi vi ban ngffng khi doc.
9. Cau sau day da danh dau cau dung:
We enjoy taking cruises on luxurious ships, but cruises can be costly vacations.
Chung toi thich di du rvgogn tren nhffng chiec tdu sang trong, nhung di du ngoan cd the rat tdn tien.
10. Dung dau phay de tdch c ic phan trong dia chi; phai dung dau phay trffdc ma vung trong dia chi.
11. Dilng dau phay sau tff, cum tff hoac menh de gidi thieu.
12. Dung dau phay de tach cac tff trong cum dong vi (la nhffng tff cung cap them thong tin ve tff hoac thanh ngff dffng trffdc hoac dffng sau).
13. Dung dau phay de tdch mot menh de thiet yeu (la menh de khong the loai bo ma khong lam thay doi nghla can ban cua cau.)
14. Dau ba cham dffdc dilng de the hien ban da bo bdt c&i gi do ra khoi doan van ma ban dang trich dan.
15. Dilng dau cham sau hau het cac tff viet tat va ten ho viet t£t. Neu tff viet t^t dffng cuoi cau thi phai them mot dau cham khac nffa.
Can lt& dfug bun tkmck ciiu
Chon tff dung nhat de dien vao cac cau sau.
1. (Dau gach ngang, dau gach noi) dai hdn (dau gach noi, dau gach ngang.)
2. (Dau ngoac ddn, dau ngoac vuong) thi cong.
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3. Dung dau ltfdc de cho biet cd mot tff ho5c so da di/dc lffdc bo trong mQt (tff viet t^t, cau trich dan.)
4. Dung dau ngoac vuong de (the hien quan h£ sd thupc, ngffdi bien tap chu gidi) \h de chffa nhffng tff ma ban them vao phan trich dan.
5. Dau hai cham la (mot dau cham va mot dau phay, hai dau cham), dau nay n&m tren dau kia.
6. Dung dau hai cham sau menh de doc lap de gidi thiv'u mot danh sdch va mot (phan trich dan, cau hoi.) 7. Dung dau (cham phay, hai cham) trffdc phan cau giai
thich dieu vffa mdi ndi.
8. (dau cham, dau phay) la dau cau dtfdc dung nhieu nhat trong tieng Anh. Trong thtfc te, no xuat hien trong cdc bai viet nhieu gap hai lan cac dau cau khac gop lai!
9. Dung dau phay de tdch cac thanh phan trong cau ghep.
Dung dau phay (sau, trtfdc) lien tff ket hdp.
10. Dung dau phay sau phan chao hoi cua bffc thtf (thi/dng mai, thong thtfdng.)
11. Dung dau (phay, cham) sau hau het ttf viet t^t vii ten ho viet tat.
12. Dung dau ngoac kep de tach phan Idi ndi (cd sufa doi, nguyen van) cua ngtfdi ndi.
13. Dung dau cham phay giffa nhffng menh de (phu thuoc, doc lap) cd quan he chat che vdi nhau khi khong dung lien tff ket hdp.
14. Dung dau cham phay de ket hdp cac menh de doc lap khi mot hoac hai menh de chffa mot dau (cham, phay).
15. Dung (dau phay, dau gach cheo) de tach cac dong thd khi viet trong cung mot dong.
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Cau luU biit KqlueM
Chon cau tra Idi dung nhat cho moi cau hoi.
1. The apostrophe (’) is used in all of the following ways except
(a) To show possession (ownership) (b) To show plural forms
(c) To show where a letter or number has been omitted (d) To show where information has been omitted 2. Use a comma in all the following situations except
(a) To separate independent clauses (sentences) (b) The close of any letter, business as well as personal (c) After interrupting words and expressions
(d) To set off words of direct address
3. Why is there a comma in the following sentence?
Those who can, practice many hours every day.
(a) To set off a nonessential clause (b) To prevent misreading
(c) To show an appositive (d) To separate items in a series
4. What mark of punctuation is used to show that you have left something out of a passage you are quoting?
(a) Brackets (b) Parenthesis (c) Ellipsis
(d) Quotation marks
5. Use a dash for all the following reasons except (a ) To emphasize an example
(b) To show a contrast
(c) To set off a speaker’s direct words (d) To set off a definition
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6. W hat mark of punctuation is used to show a break ia words?
(a) Dash (b) Slash (c) Hyphen
(d) Colon
7. Use quotation marks to set off the titles of all the fol
lowing literary works except (a) Novels
(b) Poems (c) Songs
(d) Short stories
8. Which sentence is correctly punctuated?
(a) Tsunamis or seismic sea waves, are gravity waves set in motion by underwater disturbances associated with earthquakes.
(b) N ear its origin, the first wave of a tsunami may be the largest; at greater distances, the largest is normally betw een the second and seventh wave.
(c) Tsunamis consist of a decaying train of waves and, may be detectable on tide gauges, for as long as a week.
(d) These waves are frequently called tidal waves al
though, they have nothing to do with the tides.
9. Which sentence is correctly punctuated?
(a) Most natural hazards; can be detected before their threat matures.
(b) But seisms have no known precursors, so they come without warning.
(c) For this reason they continue to kill in some areas at a level usually reserved for wars and epidem ics— the
11,000 dead in northeastern Iran died on August 31 1968 not in the ancient past.
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(d) The homeless living are left to cope with fire loot
ing pestilence fear, and the burden of rebuilding what the planet so easily shrugs away.
10. Which sentence is correctly punctuated?
(a) Given by the people of France to the people of the United States as a symbol of a shared love of freedom and everlasting friendship, the Statue of Liberty is the largest freestanding sculpture ever created.
(b) It weighs 450000 pounds and rises 1,51 feet above its pedestal.
(c) More than 100 feet, around, Ms. Liberty boasts eyes two and a half feet wide.
(d) Her upraised right arm; extends forty two feet.
Bdi tap K&Uj c m
Ddnh dau cau cho cac doan van sau:
1. Long-time Boston resident’s still talk about the molas
ses flood that engulfed the citys’ north end, on January 15 1919 Many people were sitting near the Purity, Dis
tilling Corporations fifty foot high molasses tank en
joying the unseasonably warm day. The tank was filled with over two million gallons of molasses and it was about to burst apart. First molasses oozed through, the tanks rivets then the metal bolts popped out the seams burst and tons of molasses’ burst out in a surge of deadly goo. The first wave over twenty five feet high smashed:
building’s trees people and animals like toys. Sharp pieces of the tank sliced through the air injuring scores of people. After the initial destruction molasses, con
tinued to clog the street’s for days. Many survivors had to have their clothing cut off dried molasses turned cloth
ing into cement. People, were stuck to sidewalks and benches molasses glued telephone receiver’s to ears and hands. The disaster left over 20 people dead and, more than 50 hurt.
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2. In many Native American tribes the “shaman ” or me&
cine man acted as a ceremonial priest. In other tribe’s however the medicine mans job was to treat any one of his people who became ill. In his role as a healer the medicine man carried a bag of secret herb’s and charms to rid the patient of his sickness. Among the tools of his trade were dried finger’s deer tails drums’ rattles’ and tiny sacks of herbs. Different tribes used different herbs;
depending on w hat was available in the area and through trading. The Dakotas for exam ple relieved asthma with the powdered root of skunk cabbage the Kiowas’ stopped dandruff with the soaproot plant.
6*i Gau lio i d u u g — sa i
l . T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F
6. F 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. F
1 1 .T 12. T 13. F 14. T 15.F
Gau h o i d a n g h o a n th a n h ca u 1. dau gach ngang, dau gach noi 2. dau ngoac ddn
3. tu" viet tat
4. ngtfdi bien tap chu giai 5. hai dau cham
6. phan trich dan 7. dau hai cham 8. dau phay 9. trtfdc
10. thong thtfdng 11. dau cham 238
12. nguyen van 13. doc lap 14. dau phay 15. dau gach cheo
Cau h o i trfic u g liie m l.d
6. c
2. a 7. a
3. b 8. b
4. c 9. b
5. c 10. a B ai tap u a n g c a o
1. Long-time Boston residents still talk about the molasses flood that engulfed the city’snorth end on January 15, 1919. Many people were sitting near the Purity Distilling Corporation’s fifty foot high molasses tank enjoying the unseasonably warm day. The tank was filled with more than two million gallons of molasses— and it was about to burst apart. First, molasses oozed through the tank’s riv
ets. Then the metal bolts popped out, the seams burst, and tons of molasses burst out in a surge of deadly goo. The first wave, over twenty-five feet high, smashed buildings, trees, people and ani
mals like toys. Sharp pieces of the tank sliced through the air, in
juring scores of people. After the initial destruction, molasses con
tinued to clog the streets for days. Many survivors had to have their clothing cut off: dried molasses turned clothing into cement.
People were stuck to sidewalks and benches; molasses glued tele
phone receivers to ears and hands. The disaster left more than 20 people dead and more than 50 hurt.
2. In many Native American tribes, the “sham an” or medicine man, acted as a ceremonial priest. In other tribes, however, the m edi
cine m an’s job was to treat any one of his people who becam e ill.
In his role as a healer, the medicine man carried a bag of secret herbs and charms to rid the patient of his sickness. Among the tools of his trade were dried fingers, deer tails, drums, rattles, and
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tiny sacks of herbs. Different tribes used different herbs, depend
ing on what was available in the area and through trading. The Dakotas, for example, relieved asthma with the powdered root of skunk cabbage; the Kiowas stopped dandruff with the soaproot plant.
240
91
< 'D iet hoa oa m et tat
Tdi cd c a n d p c chirong n a y k h o n g ?
Bau ucu doc cbtfo'ug nay ucu bau cau 6u lai bo&c boc vc
Cic quy tAc vi?t hoa NguySn ttc dung tur viS’t d t
‘Quy trinh* vi?t tufng Anh
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d& t*
H6 thdng chff hoa va chff thtfdng cho phep ngtfdi vigt chi ra nhtfng ttf cu th£ trong cSu va bao higu bat dau mot cSu mdi. Cac quy tac co ve khdng b6 buQc lam , nhtfng ban se sdm nliSn ra rin g h6 thdng nay vSn hanh nhtf den tin liigu giao thong vSy: no giup ngtfdi du lianh vtfqft qua dtfdc con dtfdng cao tdc cua ngon ngtf vig't. Chtfdng nay se giai thich cac quy tac dtf<?c chS'p tliuan ve chtf vig't hoa va vifft tat.
V ---
Tranh mdc loi vfet hoa: cac quy tdc vth hoa
Ve can ban, viet hoa chia thanh hai loai:
• Viet hoa tat ca danh ttf rieng. Danh ttf rieng bao gom ten, vi tri dja ly, stf kien lich stf cu the, nien dai va tai lieu, ngon ngff, quoc tich, quoc gia va chung toe.
• Viet hoa chff dau tien d dau cau.
Trong van viet thtfdng ngay, cac quy t£c nay la rat ro rang. Tuy nhien, neu ban viet trong mot to chffc hoac cong ty cu the thi viet hoa thtfdng \b van de phong cach cua ngtfdi bien tap. Muc tieu quan trong thi van nhtf vay: dung chff viet hoa nhat quan trong van ban.
( >1
Ngay nay, cac nha v3n va nha bien tap chuy6n nghiep co kliuynh htfdng dung it chtf viet hoa hdn trtfdc. Trong the ky mtfdi clun va trtfdc do, nhieu danh ttf dtfdc viet hoa hdn, nhtf thtfdng thay trong cac tifi’u thuyet thdi ay.
---J Ta hay di vao chi tiet tffng quy ta'c. Danh tff rieng dtfdc chia thanh nhffng muc khac nhau de de tham khao, bat dau vdi phan ten va chtfc danh.
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17fet hoa tdn vd chiic danh
1. Viet hoa moi phan trong ten ngirdi.
George W. Bush Jennifer Aniston
Soupy Sales Hillary Clinton
• Neu mot cdi ten b ii dau bang d \ de, du hoac von thi viet hoa tuf do trCT phi trtfdc no con mot ten goi hoac chtfc danh nao do.
Khong co ten goi Du Pont Von Karman
Co ten goi E.I. du Pont Theodore von Karman
• Neu cai ten bat dau bang Me, O ’ hoac St, thi cung viet hoa chtf ke ben.
McMannus O ’Neill St. Claire
• Neu cai ten bat dau bang la hoac le thi cach viet hoa cung khong giong nhau, vi du nhtf le Blanc va Le Blanc deu dtfdc.
• Viet hoa ten cua nhtfng con vat rieng biet.
Rin Tin Tin Lassie Morris the cat
• Ten ngtfdi dtfdc dung nhtf danh ttf chung (common noun) thi khong con viet hoa ntfa. Cac ttf nay thtfdng dtfdc dung trong nganh khoa hoc.
curie watt newton kelvin
2. Viet hoa chtfc danh dtfng trtfdc ten ngtfdi.
President Bush Chief Scientist Smithson
Dr. Frankenstein Ms. Brownmiller
Mr. Williams Professor Chin
d My co nhieu chtfc danh den mtfc ngac nhien. Dtfdi day la mot so chtfc danh thtfdng gap:
Chtfc danh trong ton giao:
Bishop (giam muc) Reverend (Dtfc cha)
Father (Cha) Sister (ntftu)
Rabbi (giao si) Monsigneur (dtfc ong)
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Chtfc danh quSn dpi:
Admiral (do doc) M ajor (thieu t£) Lieutenant (trung uy) Vi§n chtfc dtftfc b iu ctf:
M ayor (thi trtfdng) President (tong thong) Congressman (thanh vien Quoc hoi My)
Secretary (bo trtfdng) Chtfc danh dat dtfqfc:
Doctor (tien sy) Provost (hieu trtfdng) Chtfc danh phong t&ng:
Sir (ngai) Lady (tieu thtf)
Colonel (dai ti) Sergeant (trung sT) General (ttfdng) Governor (thong doc) Senator (thtfdng nghi si) Congresswoman (nff th^nh vien Quoc hoi My)
Ambassador (dai stf) Professor (gido stf) Dean (chu nhiem khoa) Lord (chua cong) M adame (ba)
• V iet hoa tat ca cac phan trong chtfc danh kep.
Vice President Lieutenant Governor
• V iet hoa de the hien stf klnh trong.
The Senator spoke to us at the ribbon cutting.
Thi/cmg nghi si noi chuyen vdi chung toi trong buoi le cdt bang khdnh thanh.
A senator’s time is always in demand.
Thdi gian cua mot thuong nghi si luon luon can kip.
• Viet hoa chtfc danh khi goi dich danh.
Doctor, I have a pain in my side.
Bdc sy ai, tdi bi dau ben hong.
Nurse, please bring me the bandage.
Cd y td oi, xin hay mang cho tdi cai bang vet thititng.
3. Viet hoa chtfc danh the hien moi quan he gia dinh khi chtfc danh do di vdi ten rieng hoSc khi goi dich danh.
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Grandmother Pirandello came from Italy in the 1950s.
Ba Pirandello den tit nude Y vdo thap nien 1950.
Grandfather, will you take us to the zoo?
Ong ai, ong ddn bon chdu den vudn thu chu:?
4. Viet hoa chtfc danh cua cha me va ngtfdi than khi trtfdc ttf do khong cd ttf sd hffu (vi du nhtf my).
We saw Mother kissing Santa Claus.
Chung tdi thay Me hdn Ong gid Noel.
I saw my mother kissing my father.
Tdi thay me hdn bo' tdi.
5. Viet hoa chff viet tit dtfng sau ten ngtfdi.
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Laurie Rozakis, Ph.D.
Grace Lui, M.D.
6. Viet hoa nhtfng ttf chinh trong ttfa sach, kich, phim, bao va tap chi.
Dtfng viet hoa mao ttf: a, an, the.
Khong viet hoa gidi ttf: at, by, for, of, in ,up, on, so, to, v.v Khong viet hoa lien tff: and, as, but, if, or, nor
Trong thtfc te, bat ctf ttf nao cd nhieu hdn bon chff cai deu phai viet hoa.
• Viet hoa ttfa sach
Grammar and Usage fo r the Utterly Confused
Schaum’s Quick Guide to Writing Great Research Papers
• Viet hoa ttfa kich.
She Stoops to Conquer Cats
• Viet hoa ttfa phim.
The Great Escape From Here to Eternity
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• V iet hoa Ufa bao.
The New York Times The Washington Post
• V iet hoa ttfa tap chi.
Sports Illustrated fo r Kids Atlantic Monthly
7. V iet hoa tCr tat
Tuf t i t (acronym) la mot chff viet tat dffdc tao thanh bdi nhffng chff cai dau tien cua moi tff trong c ii tffa. Mot so tff trong tieng Anh mdi dau la tff tat nhtfng sau nay bien thanh dang chff thffdng nhtf laser va radar. Tuy nhien, hau het cac tff tit dtfdc thanh lap ti/ cic chtf cai viet hoa.
Luu </\
Vi tii tat dU(Jc viet n h tf mQt ttf binh thtfdng nen khong co cac dau cham chen gitfa.
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
17/it hoa d\a danh vd su ki£n
1. V iet hoa dja danh va cac lanh thd quoc gia.
Europe Asia United States of America
Lake superior Venus Yellowstone National Park 2. V iet hoa htfdng la ban khi nd chi mot vung nhat djnh tren quoc
gia.
W e live in the South.
Chung tdi song d mien Nam.
The W est is still wild and untamed.
Mien Tay van hoang dd va chua thudn hoa.
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3. Dffng viet hoa htfdng la b&n khi no chi phffdng htfdng.
The storm is coming from the south.
Con bdo dang den titphia nam.
Drive west 4 miles and turn left at the shopping center.
Lai ve phia tay 4 dam roi re trdi d trung tam mua sum.
4. Viet hoa ten cua c ic sir kien lich suf cu the, nien dai va tai lieu.
The Revolutionary War Reconstruction
The Declaration of Independence the Gettysburg Address
17/it hoa ngon ngtf vd ton giao
1. Viet hoa ten cua ngon ngff, quoc tich, quoc gia, dan toe va chung toe.
Ngon ngff Quoc tjch Quoc gia Chung tpc
French Japanese Pakistan African-American
German Australian India Native American
Italian Iranian Bosnia South African
y y \e & <v/u>
Co phai luc nao ban cung phai vi£ft hoa ten ntfefe va ngon ngff khong? Phai vi€st la french fries hay la French Fries? spanish omelet hay la Spanish Omelet?
Mpi ngiftfi chiTa thong nh&'t vcli nhau ve mat nay nen cut viSc chpn lfiy m6t ki£u va viet cho nhat quan la dtfdc.
2. Viet hoa ton giao va ten cua c ic dang toi cao (Supreme Being), bao gom ca cac dai tff chi dang tdi cao.
Christianity, Hindu, Catholicism, Judaism the Creator, Him, He, Heaven, His name
Khong viet hoa cac tff nhff god hay goddess khi chi cac than thoai co.j
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