lUdng nguon nhan lUc dap iing nhiing doi hoi cua sii nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, dong thdi c6 mot bo phan lao dong dii t r i n h do di vao k i n h t e t r i thiiẹ
- P3: Phuc vu nhu cau hoc tap hing ngay cua nhan dan.
Thuc hien nhiing hinh thtfe hoc da dang de thoa man yeu cau can gi hoc nay trong tijfng cong dong.
Viec dap ting yeu cau 3P tren day se lam cho trong xa hoi ta
CO diidc 3 nguon von quan trong:
ạ Von con ngiidi (Human Capital): Nguon von nay the hien
d trong m6i con ngUdi 3 khia canh khac nhau " T r i hoc - Tam hoc - The hoc " thong qua giao due ve t r i thijfc, t l ^ i do, ky nang song, hanh v i iing x i i c6 van hoạ..
b. Von xa hoi (Social Capital): Do la sU gSn ket cua cong
dong, sU dong thuan trong cong dong trifdc nhiing van de sinh ton nhii k i n h te, van hoa, an ninh, moi trifdng sinh t h a i . . .
ẹ Von to chile (Organizational Capital): Nguon von nay the hien b t i n h t h ^ n lam viec theo luat (Law), doi x i i than ai
(fairness), g i n bo theo t i n h than dong doi (Team Work).
Trong nhiing nam tdi, neu ehufa eo mot quyet dinh nao m6i ciia Dang va Nha nUde ve dieu ehinh lai he thong giao due va dao tao t h i khung dao tao cua ea nifdc van theo sd do sau:
H i n h 21. So( do k h u n g d a o tao of V i e t N a m h i e n n a y Dao tao lit'ri sv fc)ao 190 thac sy (cat) hoc) Cao dang Ilam liiu dai h ^ c Ilam liiu dai h ^ c Ham thu cao dSng Tiniig h(,K pho thong T i l i n g c j p chuycn nghiep H a m lliv i m i i u c;ip c h u y e n iiyliicp Trung cap nahe Tmng hpc CO so Bo tuc s a i l I r i i n g hoc Bo tuc IHPT Bo tuc trung hoc ca so Dao tao nghc — J
Ticu hoc Bo tuc tieu hyc Nha trc,
niau giao Xoa mil
cha
So sanh he giao due ehinh quy va giao due khong ehinh quy
1 ci Viet Nam, ta thay nhiing cong viec nang ne, kho khan phiic tap : thiidng gap d he thong thit hai, cu the la: : thiidng gap d he thong thit hai, cu the la:
- N p i dung, chUdng t r i n h , phiidng phap t r o n g he thong giao due khong c h i n h quy het siic da dang va phiic tap, n h u cau hoc giiia tang con ngiidi, t i i n g cong dong r a t khac nhau;
- Só lUdng ngUdi theo hoc d he thong khong chinh quy gan gap 3 Ian so v6i he thong chinh quỵ
- Cong viec nang ne nhat va biic bach nhat cua he thong giao due khong chinh quy la tiep tuc xoa m u chiJ cho khong i t ngUdi
(ma hau het la d dia ban het sxic kho k h a n ve k i n h te), chóng t a i m u chut thong qua cong tac bo tuc sau m u chii va bo tuc tieu hoc.
Hinh 22. Giao due chinh quy va khong chinh quy of Viet Nam
• • • •
Mnc tieu giao due Nhan cacli Nhan luc Nlian tai
iMue lieu giao dii
Giao due chinh quy (clio khoang 25 irieu
ngirai)
Giao due khong chinh quy (cho tren duai 60 Irieu
nguai)
• Dan Iri • Nhan li,rc
• Giao d^lc dai chiing
Tieu clií chat luong
C o ban He thong
Tieu chi chat lupng
• Hiiel thvc, hull dung • Cap nhat hicn dai
1. He t h o n g giao due of x a , phi:rc?ng, t h i t r a n h i e n n a y
Xay d u n g ca nU6c t h a n h mot x a hoi hoc tap ciing giong n h U x a y dung mot ngoi n h a cao tang, m a n e u lay cap h a n h c h i n h de p h a n d i n h cac t a n g n h a t h i cap x a , phudng, t h i t r a n n h U t a n g n h a thap n h a t .
Viec xay dUng x a hoi hoc tap khong the thap hdn bdi c( lang,
xa khong bao gid c6 du he thong giao due chinh quy va giao due khong chinh quy de c6 the dUng nen cae cau true x a hoi hoe tap. Tuy nhien, k h i dUng sd do ve cau triic xa hoi hoc tap t h i nhiing ed sd giao due n h u d buon lang, thon, ban, khom, ap... v i n c6 the mo ta dUdc.
ạ Cac to chvtc giao due chinh quy:
T r e n dia ban nay chu yeu gom c6:
- Nha tre, triidng Idp miu giao: Tuy theo dieu kien cua
tUng dia phUdng ma ngudi t a xay dUng nha tre, trUdng m ^ m non (bao gom c a cd sd nuoi day tre v a 16p mau giao) hoae trUdng, 16p
mku giaọ Rat n h i e u x a , phUdng, t h i t r a n c6 he thong nha tre v a
trUdng Idp mku giao t u nhan, n h u n g ve h i n h thulc no van theo chUdng t r i n h giao due c h i n h quỵ Theo quy d i n h ctia L u a t Giao due hien hanh, he nha tre, m l u giao eo t r a c h n h i e m nuoi day tre
tii lot long den het 5 tuoị
- TrUdng tieu hoc: D a u vao cua trUdng t i e u hoc la tre d u 6 tuoị 6 nu6c ta, t i e u hoe la cap hoc dau t i e n c6 tut Idp 1 den Idp 5. Viec pho cap giao due cap hoe nay dung do t u o i da dUdc hoan t h a n h vao n a m 2000. (Da sócae nUde t r e n t h e g i d i xay dUng trUdng t i e u hoc 6 nam).
- Trudng trung hoc cd sd: TrUdng t r u n g hoc cd sd eo t\i Idp 6 den Idp 9 (tiic la t h d i gianhoc c! cap hoc nay l a 4 nam). Cho den nay, t r u n g hoc cd sd hau nhU dUdc xay dUng d moi xa, phUdng t h i
trán. Co the den 2010, d nUde ta se hoan t h a n h ve cd ban muc t i e u pho cap giao due t r u n g hoc cd sd diing do tuoị
b. Cac tochvfc giao due khong chinh quy:
T r e n dia ban xa, phUdng, t h i t r a n c6 cae thiét che giao due chu yeu sau:
- Trung tarn hoc tap cong dong. Cd sci giao due nay giup ngUdi dan "can gi hoc nay". Sau nhieu nam xay dUng va phat t r i e n cac
t r u n g tarn hoc tap cong dong the hien diidc vai tro tich cUc cua chung nhii sau:
+ Gop phan cung có va nang cao hieu qua cong tac xoa mu chii va ho trO vao viec pho cap giao due tieu hoc, t r u n g hoc cd sd; + Nang cao dan t r i , nang cao nang lUc san xuat, ttfng budc giiip ngUdi dan c6 t r i thilc va ky nang xoa doi giam ngheo;
+ Tao them nghe phu cho ngUdi dan, nhat la nong dan, nhd do tang them thu nhap, cai thien đi song;
+ Giiip ngUdi dan c6 them kien thijfc ve Hien phap va Phap luat cung nhu nhiing van ban dudi luat da dtfdc ban hanh. Hien nay, trong chUdng t r i n h hoc tap ve Luat, cac t r u n g tarn thUdng gidi thieu Luat Lao dong, Luat Giao due, Luat Hon nhan va gia dinh, Luat Cham soc va bao ve tre em, Luat Giao thong...
+ Cung cap cho ngUdi dan nhflng kien thilc ve phong benh va chiJa benh, thifdng thilc y te, difdng sinh, dinh diidng, the due - the thaọ..
-Cau lac ho khuyen nong, khuyen lam, khuyen ngụ Cac cau lac bo nay thUdng sinh boat theo cac ehuyen de ve san xuat, ve
ky thuat nuoi trong, danh hit thuy san, ve bao quan san pham...
Do noi dung ehuyen de thUdng hap d i n bdi t i n h thiet thUe va bo ieh nen songiidi tham gia cau lac bo rat dong daọ
- Bm dien van hoa xa, phildng. BUu dien van hoa xa lam nhiem vu dich vu thong t i n difdc nhieu ngUdi dan den de dUdc dap ling nhijtng nhu cau hoc tap thiet than. Sóbitu dien van hoa nay tuy chifa nhieu den miic xa, phUdng nao cung c6, nhifng ve so liidng dang tiep tue tang nhanh va eo the tien tdi xa, phUdng, t h i tran nao cung CO BUu dien van hoạ
- Nha van hoạ La ndi to ehtic giao liiu van hoa, van nghe, met ra nhieu ehuyen de van hoa bo leh. O nhiJng vung dia ban xa
(nhat la xa mien niii) q u a rong, ngUdi ta to chiic nha van hoa d cac ban, lang hoac cac cum dan cỤ Noi dung sinh boat d nha van
hoa thUdng phong phu va da dang.
- Cau lac bo súc khoe, diidng sinh, tha ca, the thao, van
nghẹ.. Loai hinh nay dUdc to chiic ngay trong cac xom ap, cac to
chile dan cỤ O nong thon hien nay thUdng thay Cau lac bo cua
ngifdi cao tuoi, Cau lac bo cua Ciiu giao chile, Cau lac bo cua Ciiu
chien binh, cau lac bo the thao cua thanh nien, cau lac bq cua cac
ba me trẹ..
- Cac Idp day nghe, truyen nghe trong cd sd san xuat. ^
Thong thUdng, e a c 16p day nghe gan vdi nguon nguyen lieu dia
phUdng, g i n vdi cac cd sd san xuat t h u cong va tieu t h u cong nhU Idp day nghe may tre dan, Idp day nghe det chieu, Idp day nghe lam non, Idp day nghe i n liidi, san xuat hang my nghe, do sil, che tac, dieu khfic...
- Cac hinh thiic hoc nghe tii nhan.
Day la nhiing to chile day nghe mang t i n h kem cap. Só liidng hoc vien thUdng i t v i du day chiia xe dap, day sila dong ho, day cat toe, day may, day lam biin, day nau an... NgUdi day nghe thUdng la eac tieu ehụ Ciing c6 hinh thiie kem cap nghe trong cac to thd moc, thd ne, to san xuat haAg sdn maị..
-Thu: vien xa hoac tu sach cua thon ban. T h u vien hoac t i i sach rat c6 tac dung dói vdi ngifdi muon md rong kien thilc, nang cao hoe van, nhat la nhiing ngiidi t i i hoc. Viec to chile thu( vien nho hoac t i l sach thiidng đn gian, ehi can mot vai ngiidi lam quan ly sach va hiidng d i n , gidi thieu doc sach bao va t a i lieu tham khaọ
- Hoc tap tit xạ H i n h thilc nay thong thufdng dUde giao vien tieu hoc, can bo ky thuat nong nghiep hoac t h u y, mot só can bo xa con trẹ.. theo hoc. Hien nay, h i n h thilc hoe t i i xa
t h U d n g q u a viec hoc q u a thxX, q u a t a i l i e u hu:6ng d a n tu! t r u n g t a m hoc t a p tii x a c h u j ' e n den ngUdi hoc q u a b U u d i e n . O xa,
p h U d n g d a b a t d a u c6 n g i f d i hoc q u a m a y t h u t h a n h , t h u h i n h . . . R a t i t ( h a u n h a k h o n g c6) ngUdi hoc q u a m a n g I n t r a n e t hoac I n t e r n e t b d i cd sci xa, p h i i d n g h i e n t h U d n g chufa c6 viec n o i m a n g q u a m a y t i n h .