CCNA: Fast Pass 4309FM.fm Page i Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM 4309FM.fm Page ii Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM San Francisco • London CCNA ™ : Fast Pass Todd Lammle 4309FM.fm Page iii Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM Associate Publisher: Neil Edde Acquisitions Editor: Maureen Adams Developmental Editor: Jeff Kellum Production Editor: Elizabeth Campbell Technical Editor: David Groth Copyeditor: Rebecca Rider Compositor: Scott Benoit Graphic Illustrator: Tony Jonick CD Coordinator: Dan Mummert CD Technician: Kevin Ly Proofreaders: Laurie O’Connell, Nancy Riddiough Indexer: Nancy Guenther Book Designer: Bill Gibson Cover Design and Illustration: Richard Miller, Calyx Design Copyright © 2004 SYBEX Inc., 1151 Marina Village Parkway, Alameda, CA 94501. World rights reserved. 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However, in all cases, reselling or redistributing these files without authoriza- tion is expressly forbidden except as specifically pro- vided for by the Owner(s) therein. 4309FM.fm Page v Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM Acknowledgments I need to thank Neil Edde, Maureen Adams, Jeff Kellum, and Elizabeth Campbell for trying to keep my path straight and focused. This is no easy task for you and I applaud your patience and dedication to our vision. Thanks also to the Sybex CD team for the super testing engine, Scott Benoit, who laid out these pages, David Groth, for his technical take on things, and Rebecca Rider whose eagle eye caught any grammar or spelling issues before they made it into the book. 4309FM.fm Page vi Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM Contents at a Glance Introduction xiii Chapter 1 Planning & Designing 1 Chapter 2 Implementation & Operation 59 Chapter 3 Troubleshooting 227 Chapter 4 Technology 281 Index 355 4309FM.fm Page vii Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM Contents Introduction xiii Chapter 1 Planning & Designing 1 1.1 Designing a Simple LAN Using Cisco Technology 2 Routers 3 Switches 3 Bridges 4 The Router, Switch, and Bridge Working Together 4 Exam Essentials 6 1.2 Designing an IP Addressing Scheme to Meet Design Requirements 6 IP Terminology 7 The Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme 7 Network Addressing 8 Private IP Addresses 11 Network Address Translation (NAT) 12 Exam Essentials 13 1.3 Selecting an Appropriate Routing Protocol Based on User Requirements 13 Routing Basics 13 Distance-Vector Routing Protocols (RIP and IGRP) 15 Hybrid Routing Protocols or EIGRP 21 Link State (OSPF) 25 Exam Essentials 27 1.4 Designing a Simple Internetwork Using Cisco Technology 27 Introduction to VLANs 27 VLAN Memberships 32 Identifying VLANs 33 VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) 35 Exam Essentials 37 1.5 Developing an Access List to Meet User Specifications 37 Exam Essentials 39 1.6 Choose WAN Services to Meet Customer Requirements 39 High-Level Data-Link Control (HDLC) Protocol 40 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) 40 Frame Relay 43 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) 51 Exam Essentials 54 Review Questions 55 Answers to Review Questions 57 4309FM.fm Page viii Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM Contents ix Chapter 2 Implementation & Operation 59 2.1 Configure Routing Protocols Given User Requirements 60 Preliminary Configuration 60 Configuring IP Routing in Your Network 66 Default Routing 70 Configuring RIP Routing 71 Configuring IGRP Routing 76 Lab_A 77 Lab_B 77 Lab_C 78 Verifying the IGRP Routing Tables 78 Configuring EIGRP 79 Lab_A 81 Lab_B 81 Lab_C 81 Configuring OSPF 82 Enabling OSPF 83 Configuring OSPF Areas 83 Lab_A 84 Lab_B 85 Lab_C 85 Loopback Interfaces 86 Exam Essentials 88 2.2 Configuring IP Addresses, Subnet Masks, and Gateway Addresses on Routers and Hosts 89 Configuring Subnet Masks 89 Subnetting Practice Examples: Class C Addresses 96 Practice Example #1C: 255.255.255.192 (/26) 96 Practice Example #2C: 255.255.255.224 (/27) 97 Subnetting in Your Head: Class C Addresses 98 Subnetting Class B Addresses 99 Subnetting Practice Examples: Class B Addresses 99 Subnetting in Your Head: Class B Addresses 101 Subnetting Class A Addresses 102 Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs) 102 VLSM Design 103 Implementing VLSM Networks 105 Exam Essentials 111 2.3 Configuring a Router for Additional Administrative Functionality 111 Understanding the Configuration Register Bits 111 Checking the Current Configuration Register Value 113 Changing the Configuration Register 114 4309FM.fm Page ix Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM x Contents Recovering Passwords 115 Exam Essentials 118 2.4 Configure a Switch With VLANS and Inter-switch Communication 118 Configuring a Switch with VLANs 118 Assigning Switch Ports to VLANs 121 Configuring Inter-Switch Communication: Trunk Ports 123 Configuring Inter-Switch Communication: Inter-VLAN Routing 125 Configuring Inter-Switch Communication: VTP 126 Configuring the Switching in Our Sample Internetwork 128 Exam Essentials 135 2.5 Implement a LAN 135 Straight-Through Cable 135 Crossover Cable 136 Rolled Cable 137 Exam Essentials 138 2.6 Customize a Switch Configuration to Meet Specified Network Requirements 139 Exam Essentials 141 2.7 Manage System Image and Device Configuration Files 141 Backing Up and Restoring the System Image File 141 Backing Up and Restoring the Device Configuration File 146 Exam Essentials 149 2.8 Perform an Initial Configuration on a Router 150 Cisco Router IOS 150 Connecting to a Cisco Router 150 Bringing Up a Router 151 Setup Mode 153 Command-Line Interface (CLI) 157 Exam Essentials 188 2.9 Perform an Initial Configuration on a Switch 190 1900 and 2950 Switch Startup 190 Setting the Passwords 191 Setting the Hostname 194 Setting IP Information 194 Configuring Interface Descriptions 195 Erasing the Switch Configuration 196 Exam Essentials 197 2.10 Implement Access Lists 198 Standard IP Access Lists 198 Extended Access Lists 203 Named Access Lists 208 Exam Essentials 210 4309FM.fm Page x Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM [...]... online notification of your pass or fail status, a printed Examination Score Report that indicates your pass or fail status, and your exam results by section (The test administrator will give you the printed score report.) Test scores are automatically forwarded to Cisco within five working days after you take the test, so you don’t need to send your score to them If you pass the exam, you’ll receive... these two exams instead of the 640-801 exam, but it may be easier to break up the exam into two smaller exams That’s a personal choice Understand that this book prepares you to pass the 640-801 exam, although you probably could pass both of the smaller exams using it as well I can’t stress this enough—it’s critical that you have some hands-on experience with Cisco routers If you can get a hold of some... should know that the new Cisco 640-801 CCNA exam is downright harsh! You’ve just got to be prepared— no cruising with this one If you want to seriously increase your odds of passing, meet two of your new best friends: this book and the CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide Fourth Edition (640-801), written by yours truly (Sybex, 2004) These two references are what you need to prepare for the... Figure 1.4, the routing tables are complete because they include information about all the networks in the internetwork They are considered converged When the routers are converging, no data is passed, which is why fast convergence time is a serious plus In fact, that’s one of the problems with RIP—its slow convergence time 1.3 Selecting an Appropriate Routing Protocol Based on User Requirements FIGURE... test contains around 50 questions (maybe more), to be completed in around 90 minutes (possibly less) These numbers are subject to change; every exam is unique You must get a score of about 85 percent to pass this exam, but again, each exam can be different Many questions on the exam have answer choices that at first glance look identical— especially the syntax questions! Remember to read through the choices... solutions that reduce bandwidth and WAN costs, using features such as filtering with access lists, and dial-on-demand routing (DDR) How Do You Become a CCNA? The first step to becoming a CCNA involves passing one little test (exam 640-801 CCNA) and—poof!—you’re a CCNA (Don’t you wish it were that easy?) True, it’s just one test, but you still must possess enough knowledge to understand (and read between... Exam Objectives Cisco has posted four categories that each contain specific objectives As I mentioned earlier, these exam objectives form the outline for this book Here are Cisco’s objectives for the CCNA: Planning & Designing Design a simple LAN using Cisco Technology Design an IP addressing scheme to meet design requirements Select an appropriate routing protocol based on user requirements Design... administration, and speed of convergence are all issues that immediately come to mind Here, I will review IP routing basics and then show you each of three categories of routing protocol covered on the CCNA: distance vector, hybrid, and link state We will also discuss routing protocols in each of these categories, and their characteristics First, let’s get some routing basics out of the way Routing Basics... trustworthiness of routing information received on a router from a neighbor router An administrative distance is an integer from 0 to 255, where 0 is the most trusted and 255 means no traffic will be passed via this route 1.3 Selecting an Appropriate Routing Protocol Based on User Requirements 15 If a router receives two updates listing the same remote network, the first thing the router checks is... hops to the network is determined to be the best route The vector indicates the direction to the remote network RIP and IGRP are distance-vector routing protocols The distance-vector routing algorithm passes complete routing tables to neighboring routers that then combine the received routing table with their own routing tables to complete the internetwork map This is called routing by rumor, because . CCNA: Fast Pass 4309FM.fm Page i Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM 4309FM.fm. Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM San Francisco • London CCNA ™ : Fast Pass Todd Lammle 4309FM.fm Page iii Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM