INTRODUCTION ABOUT COMPANY
General introduction
1.1.1 Information about An Khanh Trading Service Company Limited and Quang Tung coffee manufacture factory
Quang Tung Coffee Production Unit operates under An Khanh Trading and Service Co., Ltd, located in An Khanh Ward, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City Currently, An Khanh Company boasts three coffee manufacturing factories.
Type of business: manufacture factory
Core value: Quality makes a brand
Address: 307/2 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, An Khanh Ward, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho city
Representative: Mr Lê Thanh Tung
Business line: Production and packaging of roasted coffee
1.1.2 The process of formation and development
Quang Tung Coffee Manufacture Factory, established in 2013 by An Khanh Trading and Service Co., Ltd., began as a small production facility of just 60m², primarily supplying local coffee shops in Can Tho city With the growth of the coffee market in 2015, particularly in the Southwest region, the company expanded its operations significantly Today, Quang Tung's coffee products are widely distributed across major provinces and cities, including Rach Gia, Chau Doc, An Giang, Kien Giang, Ca Mau, and Bac Lieu.
Since 2015, Quang Tung coffee has primarily focused on distributing products to cafes using a traditional business model, rather than establishing a strong brand identity among consumers Moving forward into the 2020-2025 period, the company aims to enhance brand recognition and become a beloved choice for Vietnamese families, particularly as the market continues to develop in the Southern region Given the preferences of Southern consumers, powdered coffee remains favored over instant coffee, prompting the company to maintain its communication efforts despite the growth of the instant coffee market.
Production Department Packing Department Acounting Department
Warehouse Mangement Department Sales Department
5 products Besides, changing machines in the form of traditional machines to more modern machines to meet the increasing demands of customers
1.1.3 Vision, mission and core values
Become the leading roasting coffee manufacturing company in the South West region, promoting the development of Vietnam's economy
The operating purpose of the enterprise operation is to customer’s benefit, use our quality products to connect and grow
The company focuses on building and developing people
Hearty is a dynamic team of passionate young individuals dedicated to sharing the rich essence of coffee beans and the vibrant coffee culture with the world through high-quality commercial products.
Equipped - Equipped with expertise, skills, attitudes, and tools to best support our customers, and constantly learning to improve ourselves
Risk-taking - Accept challenges and difficulties in each stage of the company's development, do not hesitate to bring the best products and services in a timely
Originative embodies innovation by continuously adapting to market demands while fostering a collaborative spirit for business growth Together, we promote a culture that appreciates the essence of truly clean coffee.
Business fields and operations of the company
Quang Tung Coffee – Quality make a brand
- Diversity of types: Mink coffee, Arabica coffee, Robusta coffee
- Diverse forms: kernel coffee, ground coffee, roasted ground coffee
➢ Over 6 years specializing in manufacturing, processing and trading of pure roasted coffee
➢ Raw materials imported directly from the farm, without intermediaries
Since 2015, Quang Tung coffee manufacture factory has experienced significant growth, expanding its scale and market reach throughout the Southern region Research indicates that this period marks a notable development in the factory's operations and consumer base.
In 2015, the manufacturing facility had a limited customer base, resulting in a daily consumption of only 100-150kg of ground coffee across all products However, by 2016-2017, this figure significantly increased to approximately 500-700kg per day By 2019, coffee consumption surged even further, doubling compared to the previous two years, reaching around 1200-1400kg per day exclusively for powdered coffee products.
Advantages and disadvantages of the enterprise
Coffee is protected by the state on rights and trademarks, supporting product prices Customer bargaining power is low
Because the enterprise's business activities are in the field of agricultural products, it is very seasonal Therefore, the arrangement of labor to suit the needs is relatively
8 difficult, leading to difficulties in improving the quality of personnel and product quality
Coffee prices experience significant daily fluctuations, making the trading business complex and inherently risky Despite these challenges, the coffee sector offers substantial profit potential, attracting numerous investors and intensifying competition, particularly in the procurement of coffee beans for processing Consequently, businesses must implement effective strategies to maintain their market position.
The interplay between resource factors and the business environment presents both advantages and disadvantages for enterprises, highlighting the critical need for quality management to ensure sustainable development.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Quality and quality management
When it comes to product quality, people often have the following views:
Quality is the level of inherent set of characteristics that satisfies requirements, in simple terms, that quality is satisfaction and fulfillment of requirements
Product quality encompasses various attributes that define its overall value Therefore, evaluating quality requires a comprehensive assessment of these characteristics rather than focusing solely on a limited set of criteria.
Product quality is influenced by various factors, including technological, scientific, economic, and social conditions To effectively meet consumer needs, it is essential to consider these specific circumstances and conditions across all dimensions.
In today's discourse, the concept of quality encompasses not only product quality but also after-sales service quality and the associated costs This perspective highlights the interconnectedness of product quality with service quality, delivery conditions, and resource efficiency A quality product is often perceived as one that meets regional or global standards while satisfying customer expectations at a reasonable price When production costs exceed the selling price, customers may perceive the product as lacking value, leading to dissatisfaction Thus, while manufacturers and consumers may view quality differently, their perspectives are not inherently in conflict.
Product quality can be defined in various ways, but the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) provides a unified definition through its ISO 9000:2000 standard According to ISO, quality refers to the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics of a product, system, or process meets the needs and expectations of customers and stakeholders These requirements can be explicit, implied, or otherwise binding, and stakeholders encompass internal customers, employees, and other related parties.
Regular collaboration with organizations, material suppliers, and other stakeholders is essential for ensuring product quality According to ISO 9000, quality is defined as the consistency between a product's intrinsic attributes and the subjective needs of customers This definition is increasingly recognized in international business due to its practical implications.
2.1.2 Quality management a The concept of quality management
Quality is not an accidental outcome; it is the product of interrelated factors that must be effectively managed To achieve the desired level of quality, it is essential to oversee these influencing elements through a process known as quality management.
Quality management (QM) aims to meet customer needs while minimizing social costs through comprehensive economic, technical, and administrative measures within an organization Various experts and researchers have developed differing concepts of QM based on their perspectives and the unique characteristics of each economy These concepts reflect the diverse stages of development and economic contexts in which organizations operate.
According to the Soviet Union Standard (IOCT 15467-70), "Quality management is the construction, assurance and maintenance of the indispensable quality of products when designing, manufacturing, circulating and consuming"
Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) define quality management as a systematic approach that employs various methods to ensure the cost-effective production of high-quality goods and the delivery of services that fulfill consumer needs.
According to the different approaches, the researchers also presented different concepts of quality and QM
W Edwards Deming (1982) emphasized the importance of quality management in addressing volatility, stating that it is essential for achieving quality stability By utilizing statistical measures, organizations can effectively minimize fluctuations in process factors, thereby enhancing overall quality.
Dr Deming made 14 views related to statistical process control issues, continuous improvement through statistics, inter-departmental relationships, etc
Joseph M Juran, a leading quality expert, emphasized that quality management (QM) is fundamentally the responsibility of leadership and requires active participation from all organizational members He highlighted the importance of control and continuous improvement in achieving high-quality standards Similarly, Philip B Crosby defined quality as a cost-effective source of profit, advocating for a preventive approach to QM that focuses on defect-free products from the outset Crosby introduced the concept of a "Quality vaccine," comprising determination, education, and implementation, to prevent non-conformance His practical guide for managers aimed at fostering quality improvement underscores the significance of proactive strategies in achieving excellence.
Armand V Feigenbaum (1961) studied the experience of comprehensive quality control and stated 40 principles of comprehensive quality control These principles clearly state that the factors affecting quality are all factors throughout the production and business process, from the ordering stage to the final consumption stage Therefore, control is finally emphasized by the application of tools quality statistics everywhere needed He emphasized comprehensive quality control to achieve the ultimate goal of customer satisfaction and gaining customer trust
Ishikawa (1985), a prominent Japanese expert, emphasizes the critical role of training and education in quality management (QM), asserting that quality improvement starts and ends with training He advocates for enhancing teamwork and adhering to essential principles such as self-development, volunteering, and collective participation Additionally, Ishikawa highlights the importance of supportive relationships, proactive engagement, continuous effort, mutual assistance, and fostering an open, creative atmosphere to drive progress in quality improvement initiatives.
Experts and researchers in quality management (QM) have reached a consensus on its core principles, which focus on process management and the importance of process control and continuous improvement Key elements include education, training, and actively involving individuals within the organization, all while maintaining a commitment to responsible practices.
12 leaders and managers, emphasize the human factor in quality activities and pay attention to the use of statistical tools in QM
Acquiring creatively the flow of ideas, modern practical experience, based on scientific approach, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) system has introduced the concept of QM as follows:
Quality management encompasses a series of coordinated activities that focus on establishing policies, objectives, and responsibilities It involves the implementation of essential measures, including quality planning, quality control, quality assurance, and quality improvement, all within a structured quality system framework The nature of quality management is characterized by its systematic approach to enhancing organizational performance and ensuring consistent product or service quality.
Quality control encompasses a series of management activities, including planning, organizing, controlling, and adjusting, which collectively define the quality of management (QM) For products to be deemed of high quality, it is essential to consider all economic, social, technological, and organizational factors within a cohesive quality system Modern QM views quality issues as interconnected challenges that arise and are addressed throughout the entire process, from research and manufacturing to distribution and consumption of products and services As a systematic and continuous process, quality control highlights the vital relationship between enterprises and their external environment Key characteristics of quality control include its comprehensive and integrative approach to managing quality across all stages of production and delivery.
The quality management methods
Along with the development of science and technology, quality management methods have also developed and increasingly better meet the actual requirements So far, there
16 are many quality control methods in the world, but generally can be referred to the four main methods as follows:
To maintain consistent product quality, it is essential to thoroughly examine each product and its components, ensuring that any parts failing to meet established specifications are identified and excluded from production.
A quality verification strategy involves activities like measuring, reviewing, testing, and defining one or more properties of an object By comparing these results with established requirements, it assesses the appropriateness of each characteristic This method represents one of the earliest approaches in quality management.
Quality verification involves classifying products at the final stage of production When errors are identified, inspectors may propose remedies; however, these solutions often fail to address the root cause of the issue While many believe that errors stem from the production phase, the underlying causes can sometimes be traced back to management, design, or other earlier stages of the manufacturing process.
Relying solely on product testing is not an effective strategy for ensuring quality, as true product quality is not solely derived from testing While this approach has some benefits in quality management, it also has significant drawbacks It primarily focuses on inspection during the production stage, often neglecting the root causes of errors, which hinders the implementation of preventive measures Additionally, the high costs associated with process inspection do not guarantee comprehensive quality control This method fails to harness the creative potential of team members and does not foster a culture of responsibility for quality improvement within the organization.
At the dawn of the 20th century, mass production became prevalent, leading to a surge in consumer demand for high-quality products and heightened competition among manufacturers As production facilities focused more on quality, industrialists began to realize that relying solely on testing was insufficient to ensure the desired standards.
1920, people began to focus on previous processes, rather than waiting until the last stage of product screening Methods of substance control amount of life
Quality control encompasses the activities and techniques employed by a business to ensure that its products meet established quality requirements To achieve this, enterprises must focus on five main factors, with one critical aspect being the effective management and control of personnel involved in the production process.
To ensure optimal product quality, businesses must provide regular training for all employees, from leadership to staff Human Resources should possess the expertise to effectively utilize technology and equipment, while the organization must clearly define roles and responsibilities Adequate work documentation and necessary facilities are essential for successful operations Furthermore, the workforce must be equipped with all necessary resources to meet quality expectations, alongside stringent control of methods and processes.
Enterprises must control to ensure that the method and process being applied is appropriate and certainly the product or service created will meet required application c Supplier control
To effectively manage raw material sourcing, businesses must carefully select suppliers who can fulfill all specified requirements This includes providing clear and comprehensive documentation that outlines technical specifications such as product characteristics, quantity, and volume, as well as inspection protocols, quality testing, and certification standards Additionally, it is essential to define terms related to packaging, transportation, security management, and delivery Finally, all purchased raw materials should be documented in writing and stored under appropriate conditions until they are ready for use.
18 d Control of equipment used in production and testing
Enterprises must effectively manage their equipment to ensure it is utilized for its intended purpose and adheres to established requirements It is crucial for machines to operate efficiently while meeting technical specifications such as capacity and speed Additionally, safety in operation and environmental protection are essential considerations in equipment management.
To ensure effective business quality control, it is essential to promptly capture, properly manage, and utilize information All data must be verified and approved by authorized personnel before use Additionally, information should be consistently updated and delivered in a timely manner to meet operational needs.
The quality control process is essential for ensuring that products meet specific standards while simultaneously preventing errors during production This method, which includes rigorous quality checks, has its roots in the United States, primarily within the military sector However, its application has been limited for American companies post-war In contrast, Japan has successfully adopted and developed quality control practices, integrating them into their cultural framework, leading to significant advancements in product quality.
Quality control techniques are primarily applicable within the time constraints of manufacturing and inspection processes The ultimate objective of quality management is to meet consumer needs; however, merely satisfying these needs is not enough to ensure overall quality.
Total quality control is a comprehensive management approach that encompasses not only the pre-production and testing phases—such as market research, planning, development, design, and purchasing—but also extends to subsequent processes, including packaging, warehousing, transportation, distribution, sales, and after-sales service.
Quality control is an essential system that integrates unique quality development efforts, quality assurance, and quality improvement across various organizational groups This comprehensive approach ensures that marketing activities, technology, manufacturing, and services are executed with the highest standards of quality.
19 conducted in the most economical manner, allowing agreement completely satisfied customers
Regular and comprehensive quality control is essential for ensuring compliance with specified requirements and adapting to changing conditions within and outside the enterprise Key to effective quality management (QM) is the involvement of every department, allowing all members to gain a deeper understanding of management activities and contribute creatively to the business's capacity This holistic approach fosters a culture of continuous improvement, driven by people rather than technology, enabling organizations to enhance efficiency and maximize savings while meeting customer needs.
The basic content of quality management
Quality planning is a crucial component of overall planning, aligned with the organization's objectives for each period It plays a vital role in executing the established quality policies and encompasses product planning, operational management, and continuous quality improvement across the system Effective planning for product quality is essential for achieving these goals.
The purpose of product quality planning is to ensure the quality of products provided to customers and to save costs
Product quality planning involves classifying and assessing the significance of quality characteristics for each product It includes reviewing specific requirements and identifying essential conditions to meet customer needs, such as material specifications and warranty and maintenance protocols Additionally, it sets deadlines for contract completion and establishes a comprehensive documentation system that outlines procedures for ensuring and maintaining product quality.
The goals of product quality planning are: aiming at the right target, making a difference, achieving sustainability, achieving perfection b Operational quality planning (quality planning processes)
The purpose of quality planning of processes is to control and positively impact activities that provide products that meet customer needs
Effective operational planning hinges on understanding the system's current performance and the development of collaborative working groups It involves creating a detailed overview of tasks, management roles, and departmental interactions By clearly defining responsibilities and facilitating communication among departments, organizations can streamline processes and enhance system functionality Key elements of an operational planning framework include personnel, materials, equipment, and information, ensuring that all necessary resources are identified and utilized efficiently.
In the system, we focus on designing efficient workflows by clearly identifying responsibilities for each job stage This includes organizing the supply chain and material handling processes, as well as optimizing the use and maintenance of equipment Additionally, we emphasize the importance of layout in production and operational sites, ensuring smooth information flow and effective communication regarding quality Maintaining comprehensive quality records and documents, along with establishing a system for receiving quality feedback, is crucial Our commitment to continuous quality improvement is integral to enhancing overall system performance.
To enhance quality across the organization, it is essential to develop a comprehensive plan that focuses on improving the quality management system and associated processes Key strategies include upgrading technological processes and equipment, as well as refining the overall quality of work Effective quality improvement methods involve implementing quality functions, analyzing error types and their impacts, and preventing mismatches to ensure a consistent standard of excellence.
Quality control are operational activities and techniques that meet quality requirements Includes a system of activities designed, planned to track and evaluate the work related to the entire system
Quality control focuses on the following factors: people, equipment, Input materials, information and methods
The quality control process, based on W Edwards Deming's management model, utilizes the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle to establish a comprehensive quality management framework This cycle encompasses key stages: Research, Market, Design, Production, and Consumption Each cycle builds upon the revenue generated in the previous one, fostering continuous improvement and refinement in the overall process.
❖ Plan: Identify and analyze problems or opportunities, develop hypotheses about what a problem might be and decide which to test:
- Set a target we will achieve
To effectively execute your plan, first identify your objectives clearly If you're unsure where to begin, utilize the "Time Matrix" to organize your resources and tools effectively, ensuring a smooth and loving approach to your tasks.
❖ Check: This is a very important step to evaluate the outcome of the solution and the effectiveness of the project as it is the basis for these improvements
❖ Act: This is the step of assessing and concluding which actions cannot be implemented and summarizing what is learned to propose improvement plan
Quality assurance involves systematic and planned activities within a quality system, ensuring that requirements are consistently met It encompasses all organizational processes, from design and production to consumption, fostering confidence in the overall quality of products and services.
Quality assurance in design focuses on creating specifications that accurately reflect customer needs It is essential to control every element in this process to ensure strict adherence to the designed parameters during production Additionally, quality assurance extends to consumption, where it is crucial to facilitate the effective use of products through warranties, maintenance, and support services.
To build customer trust, organizations must implement a comprehensive quality assurance policy, reflecting leadership's commitment to quality Understanding customer needs is crucial for ensuring high standards, making it a key marketing responsibility Additionally, a customer-oriented philosophy should be embraced and integrated across all levels of the organization, with quality assurance playing a pivotal role in this process.
Quality assurance is a collective responsibility across all departments within an organization, not limited to the quality department alone The role of Quality Assurance (QA) involves developing and enforcing quality control policies that meet customer expectations and comply with legal standards This encompasses quality planning for products, processes, and systems, alongside continuous evaluation, inspection, and quality control measures Every element of production, down to the smallest detail, must be scrutinized to ensure quality Additionally, collecting, processing, and analyzing data is essential for effective quality assurance.
Quality Assurance (QA) involves thorough inspection and oversight throughout the entire production process, from product design to final consumption It encompasses after-sales quality assurance activities, including addressing customer complaints, establishing warranty policies and procedures, defining warranty periods, and implementing a robust warranty and repair system to ensure customer satisfaction.
Quality improvement enhances organizational efficiency by optimizing resource utilization and streamlining processes, ultimately driving beneficial growth for both the organization and its customers.
Quality improvement serves as the foundation for enhancing both quality and economic efficiency by optimizing resources such as time, effort, supplies, and product innovation It focuses on refining operational processes to boost productivity, efficiency, and overall reputation This process involves assessing current measures within the enterprise to identify opportunities for improvement, setting clear improvement goals, and finding effective solutions to achieve these objectives Additionally, it requires evaluating options to select the best solution and implementing it, while continuously measuring and inspecting the progress towards improvement goals Finally, formalizing the results of these improvements provides a basis for ongoing management and development.
The factors impact directly to product’s quality
Product quality is influenced by various economic factors, including market demand, the overall economic level, the availability of production supplies, and government economic policies.
Market demand serves as the foundation of the quality management process, driving the enhancement and refinement of product quality The characteristics and evolving trends of demand significantly influence product quality While market demand varies widely in quantity and type, economic constraints such as limited resources, investment capital, technological capabilities, equipment upgrades, and employee skills play a crucial role in determining product quality Ultimately, the quality of a product is closely tied to the overall economic landscape.
In today's fast-paced world, the swift advancement of science and technology is transforming various aspects of human society The quality of products is increasingly linked to these technological developments, leading to shorter product life cycles and greater diversification in their usage As a result, there is an ongoing drive to improve quality beyond current standards.
To enhance product quality and meet consumer demands, it is essential for industrial enterprises to stay updated on market fluctuations and innovations in materials, techniques, and technologies The integration of advanced equipment significantly impacts productivity and fosters the growth of businesses, making it crucial for companies to adapt promptly to technological advancements.
The ability to enhance product quality and performance in any business is significantly influenced by the management mechanisms of each country These mechanisms create an environment that is essential for guiding and accelerating improvements in product quality By implementing effective state management policies, conditions are established that facilitate these advancements.
✓ Independent, creative in improving product quality of businesses
✓ Support investment capital, change technology equipment and create a favorable environment for changing new technologies, absorb the application of modern quality management methods
✓ Create fair competition among businesses, resolutely eliminate businesses producing counterfeit and pirated goods
✓ Government also has a strong impact on improving the quality of products through the exclusive ownership of inventions and improvements to increasingly improve the product
✓ The effectiveness of the management mechanism is an important lever in managing product quality, ensuring equality and stable development
Natural conditions can change the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of a product through:
✓ Weather, solar radiation can change the color, taste of the product or the type of material to produce the product
Rain, wind, and storms can lead to water damage, resulting in stains and mold on products Additionally, high humidity and strong oxidation contribute to rust and dullness, ultimately diminishing the quality of the items.
✓ Bacteria, insects mainly impact on fermentation, freshness or food hygiene and safety
To maintain product integrity, businesses must understand the mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of their products This knowledge is essential for preventing wear and tear and minimizing value loss caused by natural environmental conditions.
− Elements of customs, culture and consumption habits
Understanding the diverse consumption preferences across different countries, ethnic groups, religions, and age groups is crucial for businesses To meet the specific quality and quantity demands of each market, companies must conduct thorough surveys to assess the interests and needs of their target audiences.
The quality of materials is crucial in determining the overall quality of a product, as the properties of the materials are directly integrated into the final output Poor quality materials will inevitably lead to subpar products Therefore, it is essential that the materials used in manufacturing meet stringent quality standards and are supplied in the appropriate quantities and timelines This proactive approach ensures a stable production process and adherence to established planning, ultimately enhancing product quality.
In industrial enterprises, technology, production processes, and equipment are fundamental elements that significantly influence product quality Many businesses recognize technology as a crucial driver of development and growth.
Real-world experience demonstrates that while technology is innovative, outdated equipment fails to produce high-quality products that meet customer needs Consequently, the interplay between technology, technical expertise, and equipment is crucial, as it enhances product quality and boosts market competitiveness This synergy not only diversifies product offerings to satisfy consumer demand but also leads to the creation of high-quality products at lower prices.
Effective administration and quality management are crucial for enhancing product quality in businesses Understanding the significance of quality in competitive markets allows enterprises to develop strategic business plans Managers play a vital role in coordinating various stages of the production process to achieve quality improvements Their qualifications influence the establishment of quality policies and the execution of quality programs It is essential for managers to instill a culture where every employee recognizes that ensuring and enhancing quality is a collective responsibility, not limited to specific departments Furthermore, quality management significantly impacts production workers through incentives and disciplinary measures, fostering a commitment to their tasks Ultimately, the effectiveness of management activities reflects the overall operational quality of the enterprise.
The human element group encompasses leaders, officials, employees, and consumers, all of whom play a crucial role in determining product quality Despite advancements in technology, the human factor remains the most fundamental influence on managing and enhancing product quality Employees operate the machinery and equipment necessary for production, and their expertise is essential for navigating complex operations that demand ingenuity and sophisticated techniques.
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)
HACCP, which stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points, is a systematic approach designed to identify, analyze, and manage critical hazards in food production and processing This essential system ensures food safety by implementing effective controls at critical points throughout the production process.
HACCP, or Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points, is a vital food safety management system that focuses on identifying hazards and critical control points within food processing This analytical tool ensures the safety and quality of food by systematically assessing each step in the processing chain and pinpointing key areas that significantly influence food safety By utilizing HACCP, organizations can effectively allocate technical and professional resources to the critical steps that impact food safety the most.
The HACCP analysis identifies critical control points (CCPs) essential for ensuring product safety and quality It outlines prevention goals, monitoring procedures, and the effects of adjustments at each CCP By maintaining detailed analytical results, the process guarantees the continuous quality and safety of the product.
The HACCP research method must continually evolve to keep pace with advancements in processing As a scientifically grounded system, HACCP employs systematic logic that allows for seamless adaptation to changes in equipment design, processing techniques, and technical innovations.
Apply HACCP in accordance with the implementation of existing quality management systems and HACCP systems capable of being independent of other quality management systems
HACCP is a systematic approach to identifying, assessing and controlling food safety hazards based on the following seven principles
Hazards, including chemical, biological, or physical factors, can compromise food safety, making hazard analysis a crucial step in the HACCP system To implement effective preventive measures, it is essential to identify significant hazards at each stage of processing and assess their importance While it may be tempting to list all potential hazards, HACCP focuses solely on those that pose unacceptable risks to consumer health Once significant hazards are identified, specific control measures must be established These controls may involve combined strategies that address multiple hazards, utilizing prerequisite programs, Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), or Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (SSOP) For hazards that cannot be adequately managed within the facility, it is important to outline the necessary control measures and their implementation locations.
❖ Principle 2: Determining critical control points (CCPs)
A key control point (CCP) is a specific step in the production process where critical control measures are implemented to prevent, eliminate, or reduce significant food safety hazards to acceptable levels Each identified hazard requires one or more CCPs to effectively manage it These points of control may differ based on factors such as company layout, product format, technological processes, equipment types, materials, and advanced programs within the HACCP framework.
Acceptable levels of error are essential for maintaining control over Critical Control Points (CCPs) in food safety management Each CCP must have defined critical limits that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable levels of hazards When these limits are exceeded, immediate corrective actions are necessary to ensure food safety In instances where critical limits are unclear or unavailable, it is crucial to conduct testing or consult scientific guidelines and regulations from relevant authorities Establishing critical thresholds should be supported by the HACCP documentation, and multiple control options may exist for addressing specific hazards, necessitating the establishment of varied limits for each control plan.
Implement a robust monitoring and surveillance system to effectively manage Critical Control Points (CCPs) through systematic testing and observation This proactive approach involves conducting regular assessments to ensure CCPs remain under control, providing reliable data for future verification The primary goal of monitoring is to oversee processing activities and detect trends that may necessitate adjustments to critical limits, identification of control locations, and thorough documentation of the processing control system.
People who are responsible for CCP monitoring must be trained in monitoring techniques and understand the importance of CCP monitoring, be ready to conduct and promptly report corrective actions
Monitoring systems involve a series of sequential activities aimed at measuring specific parameters to determine whether Critical Control Points (CCPs) are effectively controlled It is essential to clearly define the monitoring system by specifying what is being monitored and the methods used for measurement.
29 to monitor critical thresholds and preventive measures? How often and who will monitor
Immediate action is essential when critical thresholds at Critical Control Points (CCPs) are violated It is crucial to implement corrective measures to regain process control, manage non-compliant products during deviations, and ensure the safe handling of affected items These corrective actions are typically documented and refined in the HACCP plan to enhance their effectiveness and rationality.
Ways to take corrective action include:
− Separate or keep the product to assess food safety
Verification is the application of methods, processes, audits and other assessments, in addition to monitoring, to determine compliance with the HACCP plan
❖ Principle 7: Establishing record keeping and paperwork
Maintaining proper records is an essential part of the HACCP system Accurate and complete HACCP records can be very helpful for:
− Documentation of HACCP compliance is established
− Tracing the history of an element, process activity or finished product when a problem arises
Identifying trends in specific activities is crucial, as unaddressed deviations can occur To ensure food safety, HACCP system records must comprehensively include documentation for Critical Control Points (CCPs), limit settings, corrective actions, verification results, and detailed HACCP plans.
• Step 1: Establish a working group on HACCP
• Step 3: Establish processing technology process
• Step 4: Map and layout of ground according to GMP
• Step 7: Determine the CCP score
• Step 8: Establish the CCP critical threshold
• Step 9: Establish monitoring system for CCPs
ANALYZE QUALITY CONTROL IN QUANG TUNG CAFE
Quality control of input materials – green bean
Roasted coffee is made from green coffee beans, which undergo several processing steps after harvesting, including de-pulping, rinsing, drying, and peeling to produce commercial dry coffee beans The two primary methods for processing green coffee beans are the dry method and the wet method.
The quality of green coffee varies based on user preferences, and the standards for raw coffee used in roasting depend on individual manufacturers To evaluate green coffee quality, several key criteria are typically considered.
✓ Particle Bean size: based on the number of particles passing through pore size according to ISO's standards for sieve size
✓ Density and weight of 100 seeds
✓ Number of bugs per 100 seeds (errors such as non-specific color, worms, young seeds, injuries caused by processing, )
✓ Impurity levels and different proportions of coffee The color and physical properties of coffee beans
Harvesting coffee is a crucial process that significantly influences the final quality of the coffee enjoyed by consumers There are various methods employed in the harvesting of coffee fruits from coffee trees, each impacting the overall flavor and characteristics of the brew.
- Picking by hand: People do this work without the support of machines Farmers harvest fully ripened cherries to ensure that the quality of the beans is uniform
- Stripping or harvesting by machine: This method does not guarantee the quality of all coffee beans are equal
- Soaking in water: After being harvested, the coffee fruits will be soaked in water to completely separate the outer skin of the coffee fruit
After soaking, coffee beans are sun-dried for 2-3 days at approximately 30°C During this process, farmers utilize tools to roast the beans, ensuring the complete removal of the fruit's outer skin.
- Choice: Make your final selection with 14 or 16 coffee sieves to ensure uniform quality of coffee beans
Figure 3.1: Green coffee is shipped from the warehouse
At Quang Tung coffee manufacture factory, production activities are meticulously organized under company management, operating alongside two other facilities for tighter oversight Although considered small-scale compared to larger Vietnamese coffee companies, the facility employs a teamwork approach where each production department handles specific stages of the technological process Due to its size, automation of production lines is not feasible; instead, equipment such as mixers, roasters, and crushers are arranged in close proximity Once the coffee is mixed, it is transferred to roasting and grinding machines, and after completing the technological process, the packaging team finalizes the product for storage in the warehouse.
Each establishment owns its own coffee brand, so the storage and the management of output products are different, but the organization of input materials is the same At
Quang Tung coffee manufacturing operates with a streamlined approach to raw material management, storing only what is necessary for production to meet demand Finished products are stored and distributed based on customer requirements The facility lacks a dedicated quality control department; instead, quality management staff conduct periodic inspections, while management oversees the quality of both input and output There are no computational tools in place to ensure quality assurance Input materials undergo inspection by quality personnel before being shipped to the facility, where they are immediately utilized in production without an additional quality check, leaving room for potential errors during shipping.
Quality control during production
Quality control in production process:
Figure 3.2: Technological process at Quang Tung coffee
Raw coffee beans when brought to production facilities may be contaminated with impurities Therefore, the main purpose of the cleaning process is the impurities (usually
The process of roasting coffee involves utilizing 34 leaves, coffee bark, leftover stone, and sand, which may contain metal residues from transportation and packaging This careful selection of raw materials is essential for achieving uniformity in the roasting process, ultimately enhancing the quality of the final coffee product.
Implementation method, equipment and some technologies:
Step 1: The classification process is based on the difference in size made on two different sieves, the first sieve most impurities are of large size are kept on the sieve, the part going through the first sieve will be continued proceed to second sieve Here, impurities smaller than the screen will pass through the screen, coffee beans of the required size will be retained on the screen The sieve size of these 2 sieves depends on the type of coffee
Step 2: Coffee after being sieved is transferred to the next stage of cleaning by freezing air Here, impurities that are lighter than the coffee bean will be separated by the enticing airflow
Step 3: Coffee is drunk when cleaned by automatic air which is taken to a magnetic separator to separate metal The process of separating metal will separate the magnetic metal from the coffee
After cleaning, coffee beans must be thoroughly inspected to remove any impurities, ensuring they meet quality standards before moving on to the roasting process If the beans do not meet these standards, they are sent back for further cleaning This quality control process is primarily conducted by production staff, rather than relying on specialized machinery or quality management teams.
The roasting process is crucial for coffee production companies, especially for Quang Tung, as it significantly influences the quality of the final product During roasting, temperature-induced chemical reactions develop the unique flavor and color of the coffee Additionally, this process softens the coffee beans, making subsequent grinding easier and enhancing their crunchiness.
Coffee roasters come in various capacities ranging from 2kg to 240kg, tailored to meet the specific needs of production facilities These machines offer multiple settings, allowing for the creation of diverse products, including dark, light, and medium roasts, and they typically operate using gas.
In the roasting process, seeds are continuously mixed using hot air as a heat transfer agent, with temperatures ranging from 180 to 260 °C This method incorporates three modes of heat transfer: radiation, heat conduction, and countervailing, ensuring even roasting throughout the equipment.
Depending on the time and temperature, the process of roasting can be classified into three modes:
✓ Low temperature, long time: 220 o C, 9-12 minutes
✓ High temperature, short time: 280 o C, 2,5-3 minutes
The roasting degree significantly influences the characteristics of roasted coffee, including its color and flavor, as well as the transformation of chemical compounds in the raw materials Manufacturers select the appropriate roasting level based on consumer preferences Additionally, the alteration in the color of roasted coffee serves as a key quality indicator for advancing to the next production stage.
Table 3.1: Check the quality of coffee beans after roasting
Temperature The change of coffee’s color
Roughly 300 o C Black soot and broken
Figure 3.4: The change of colors
After roasting, coffee reaches high temperatures that create new aroma compounds, which begin to evaporate To preserve its flavor, it is essential to cool the coffee quickly.
The cooling process can be carried out in a vertical roasting device using air to cool Spraying alcohol to
✓ Cooling is aimed at creating a storage humidity (