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San Francisco • London CCNP ™ : Switching Study Guide Todd Lammle Eric Quinn Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Associate Publisher: Neil Edde Acquisitions and Developmental Editor: Maureen Adams Editor: Sharon Wilkey Production Editor: Kelly Winquist Technical Editors: Patrick Bass, Arthur Pfund Book Designer: Bill Gibson Graphic Illustrators: Jeff Wilson, Happenstance Type-O-Rama; Tony Jonick Electronic Publishing Specialists: Stacey Loomis and Rozi Harris, Interactive Composition Corporation Proofreaders: Laurie O’Connell, Nancy Riddiough, Dave Nash, Sarah Tannehill Indexer: Ted Laux CD Coordinator: Dan Mummert CD Technician: Kevin Ly Cover Designer: Archer Design Cover Photographer: Natural Selection Copyright © 2003 SYBEX Inc., 1151 Marina Village Parkway, Alameda, CA 94501. World rights reserved. No part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in any way, including but not limited to photo- copy, photograph, magnetic, or other record, without the prior agreement and written permission of the publisher. First edition copyright © 2001 SYBEX Inc. Library of Congress Card Number: 2002108075 ISBN: 0-7821-4153-6 SYBEX and the SYBEX logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of SYBEX Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. The CD interface was created using Macromedia Director, COPYRIGHT 1994, 1997–1999 Macromedia Inc. For more information on Macromedia and Macromedia Director, visit http://www.macromedia.com. This study guide and/or material is not sponsored by, endorsed by or affiliated with Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco ® , Cisco Systems ® , CCDA™, CCNA™, CCDP™, CCNP™, CCIE™, CCSI™, the Cisco Systems logo and the CCIE logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. in the United States and certain other countries. All other trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. TRADEMARKS: SYBEX has attempted throughout this book to distinguish proprietary trademarks from descriptive terms by following the capitalization style used by the manufacturer. The author and publisher have made their best efforts to prepare this book, and the content is based upon final release software whenever possible. Portions of the manuscript may be based upon pre-release versions supplied by software manufacturer(s). The author and the publisher make no representation or warranties of any kind with regard to the com- pleteness or accuracy of the contents herein and accept no liability of any kind including but not limited to performance, merchantability, fitness for any particular purpose, or any losses or damages of any kind caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly from this book. Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com To Our Valued Readers: The Cisco Certified Network Professional program well deserves its position as the leading high-level certification in the internetworking arena. Sybex is proud to have helped hundreds of thousands of CCNP candidates prepare for their exams over the years, and we are excited about the opportunity to continue to provide individuals with the knowledge and skills they’ll need to succeed in the highly competitive IT industry. With the recent revision of the four exams required for the CCNP  Routing, Switching, Remote Access, and Support  Cisco raised the bar considerably, adding simulation questions to two of the and refreshing the question pools of all exams to better reflect current technologies. Sybex welcomes these changes as we strongly advocate a comprehensive and practical instructional approach to certi- fication exam preparation. It has always been Sybex’s mission to teach exam candidates how new technologies work in the real world, not to simply feed them answers to test questions. Sybex was founded on the premise of providing technical skills to IT professionals, and we have continued to build on that foundation. Over the years, we have made significant improvements to our study guides based on feedback from readers, suggestions from instructors, and comments from industry leaders. Cisco’s new CCNP exams are indeed challenging. The authors have worked hard to ensure that this Study Guide is comprehensive, in-depth, and pedagogically sound. We’re confident that this book, along with the collection of cutting-edge software study tools included on the CD, will meet and exceed the demanding standards of the certification marketplace and help you, the CCNP exam candidate, succeed in your endeavors. Good luck in pursuit of your CCNP certification! Neil Edde Associate Publisher—Certification Sybex, Inc. Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Software License Agreement: Terms and Conditions The media and/or any online materials accompanying this book that are available now or in the future contain programs and/or text files (the “Software”) to be used in connection with the book. SYBEX hereby grants to you a license to use the Software, subject to the terms that follow. Your purchase, acceptance, or use of the Software will constitute your accep- tance of such terms. 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Individual programs dif- fer on details of trial periods, registration, and payment. Please observe the requirements stated in appropriate files. Copy Protection The Software in whole or in part may or may not be copy- protected or encrypted. However, in all cases, reselling or redis- tributing these files without authorization is expressly forbidden except as specifically provided for by the Owner(s) therein. Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com To Carolann and Lee, for putting up with the long overseas trips followed by a return to writing. —Eric Quinn Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Acknowledgments T hanks go out to Maureen and Kelly for keeping the book organized, Patrick for double checking my work, and Sharon for making the words flow. Without them, this new version wouldn’t be here. —Eric Quinn The authors would like to thank all the folks associated with Sybex who helped get this book on the shelves. Sharon Wilkey was a superb editor. This book would be a stack of typewritten pages without the layout finesse of Rozi Harris, Stacey Loomis, and the compositors at Interactive Composition Corporation. Tony Jonick and Jeff Wilson magically transformed sketches into works of art. Thanks to technical editors Patrick Bass and Arthur Pfund for being our watchdogs. Finally, our other watchdogs are the proof- readers: thanks to Laurie O’Connell, Nancy Riddiough, Dave Nash, and Sarah Tannehill. Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Introduction W elcome to the exciting world of Cisco certification! You have picked up this book because you want something better; namely, a better job with more satisfaction. Rest assured that you have made a good decision. Cisco certification can help you get your first networking job, or more money and a promotion if you are already in the field. Cisco certification can also improve your understanding of the internet- working of more than just Cisco products: You will develop a complete understanding of networking and how different network topologies work together to form a network. This is beneficial to every networking job and is the reason Cisco certification is in such high demand, even at companies with few Cisco devices. Cisco is the king of routing and switching, the Microsoft of the internet- working world. The Cisco certifications reach beyond the popular certifica- tions, such as the MCSE and CNE, to provide you with an indispensable factor in understanding today’s network—insight into the Cisco world of internetworking. By deciding that you want to become Cisco certified, you are saying that you want to be the best—the best at routing and the best at switching. This book will lead you in that direction. How to Use This Book If you want a solid foundation for the serious effort of preparing for the Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) Switching exam, then look no further. We have spent hundreds of hours putting together this book with the sole intention of helping you to pass the CCNP Switching exam. This book is loaded with lots of valuable information, and you will get the most out of your studying time if you understand how we put this book together. To best benefit from this book, we recommend the following study method: 1. Take the assessment test immediately following this introduction. (The answers are at the end of the test.) It’s OK if you don’t know any of the answers; that is why you bought this book! Carefully read over the explanations for any question you get wrong and note which chap- ters the material comes from. This information should help you plan your study strategy. Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com xviii Introduction 2. Study each chapter thoroughly, making sure that you fully understand the information and the test objectives listed at the beginning of each chapter. Pay extra-close attention to any chapter where you missed questions in the assessment test. 3. If you do not have Cisco equipment available, be sure to study the examples carefully. Also, check www.routersim.com for router simu- lator software that provides drag-and-drop networking configurations. 4. Answer all of the review questions related to each chapter. (The answers appear at the end of the chapter.) Note the questions that confuse you and study those sections of the book again. Do not just skim these questions! Make sure you understand completely the reason for each answer. 5. Try your hand at the practice exams that are included on the compa- nion CD. The questions in these exams appear only on the CD. This will give you a complete overview of what you can expect to see on the real CCNP Switching exam. 6. Test yourself using all the flashcards on the CD. There are brand new and updated flashcard programs on the CD to help you prepare com- pletely for the CCNP Switching exam. These are a great study tool! The electronic flashcards can be used on your Windows computer, Pocket PC, or Palm device. 7. Make sure you read the “Key Terms” and “Exam Essentials” lists at the end of the chapters. These study aids will help you finish each chapter with the main points fresh in the your mind; they’re also helpful as a quick refresher before heading into the testing center. To learn every bit of the material covered in this book, you’ll have to apply yourself regularly, and with discipline. Try to set aside the same time period every day to study, and select a comfortable and quiet place to do so. If you work hard, you will be surprised at how quickly you learn this material. If you follow the steps listed above, and really study and practice the review questions, CD exams, and electronic flashcards, it would be hard to fail the CCNP Switching exam. Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Introduction xix What Does This Book Cover? This book covers everything you need to pass the CCNP Switching exam. The following list describes what you will learn in each chapter:  Chapter 1 describes the traditional campus network model and moves into the new emerging campus model. Layer 2, 3, and 4 switching is also discussed. In addition, this chapter discusses the Cisco three-layer model, the Cisco switching product line, and how to build switch and core blocks.  Chapter 2 describes the various Ethernet media types and how to log in and configure both a set-based and IOS-based Cisco Catalyst switch.  Chapter 3 covers VLANs—how they work and how to configure them in a Cisco internetwork. Trunking and VLAN Trunk Protocol (VTP) are described and implemented.  Chapter 4 gives you an in-depth look at the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), its timers, and how to configure STP in a switch.  Chapter 5 shows you how to configure STP timers and includes a dis- cussion of root bridge selection. Redundant links with STP are also covered.  Chapter 6 covers Inter-Switch Link (ISL) routing. Both internal route processors and external route processors are covered, as well as how to configure both internal and external route processors to connect multiple VLANs.  Chapter 7 provides the fundamentals of Multi-Layer Switching on both internal and external route processors. In addition to covering IP routing with MLS, we show you how to configure the MLS engine.  Chapter 8 covers the background of multicast addresses and how to translate from a layer 3 address to a layer 2 multicast address. This chapter also covers IGMP and CGMP.  Chapter 9 is about configuring multicast in a Cisco internetwork. Enabling multicast, joining a multicast group, and enabling CGMP are also covered. Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com [...]... prepared for the exam CCNP Switching Study Guide in PDF Sybex offers the CCNP Switching Study Guide in PDF format on the CD so you can read the book on your PC or laptop This will be helpful to readers who travel and don’t want to carry a book, as well as to readers who prefer to read from their computer (Acrobat Reader 5 is also included on the CD.) Commands Used in this Study Guide We’ve compiled a list... understand PPP, ISDN, Frame Relay, and authentication The CCNP: Remote Access Study Guide (Sybex) covers all the exam objectives Exam 640-606: Support This tests you on the Cisco troubleshooting skills needed for Ethernet and Token Ring LANs, IP, IPX, and AppleTalk networks, as well as ISDN, PPP, and Frame Relay networks The CCNP: Support Study Guide (Sybex) covers all the objectives you need to understand... maps, BGP, EIGRP, OSPF, and route summarization The CCNP: Routing Study Guide (Sybex) covers all the objectives you need to understand to pass the Routing exam Exam 640-604: Switching This exam tests your knowledge of the 1900, 2900, 3500, and 5000 series of Catalyst switches This book covers all the objectives you need to understand to pass the Switching exam Exam 640-605: Remote Access This exam... The Sybex CCDA: Cisco Certified Design Associate Study Guide (1999) is the most cost-effective way to study for and pass your CCDA exam Cisco Certified Design Professional (CCDP) If you’re already a CCNP and CCDA and want to get your CCDP, you can simply take the CID 640-025 test If you’re not yet a CCNP, however, you must take the CCDA, CCNA, Routing, Switching, Remote Access, and CID exams CCDP certification... (CCNP) So you’re thinking, “Great, what do I do after passing the CCNA exam?” Well, if you want to become a CCIE in Routing and Switching (the most popular certification), understand that there’s more than one path to that muchcoveted CCIE certification The first way is to continue studying and become a Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP), which means four more tests, in addition to the CCNA certification... exam, you can read this book, study the review questions at the end of each chapter, and work through the practice exams included in the book and on the companion CD But wait, there’s more! You can also test yourself with the flashcards included on the CD If you can get through these difficult questions and understand the answers, you’ll know you’re ready for the CCNP Switching exam Copyright ©2002... great tools to help you with your certification process All of the following tools should be loaded on your workstation when studying for the test The EdgeTest Test Preparation Software The test preparation software, provided by EdgeTek Learning Systems, prepares you to pass the CCNP Switching exam In this test engine, you will find all the review and assessment questions from the book, plus two additional... relation to delay; error detection and recovery; link-state, distance vector, and switching algorithms; management, monitoring, and fault isolation Understand a variety of corporate technologies—including major services provided by Desktop, WAN, and Internet groups—as well as the functions; addressing structures; and routing, switching, and bridging implications of each of their protocols Understand Cisco-specific... programs, Cisco has created a type of stepping-stone approach to CCIE certification Now, you can become a Cisco Certified Network Associate with the help of the CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide (Sybex), and $125 for the test And you don’t have to stop there—you can choose to continue with your studies and achieve a higher certification, called the Cisco Certified Network Professional... schedule the exam, you’ll get instructions regarding all appointment and cancellation procedures, the ID requirements, and information about the testing-center location Tips for Taking Your CCNP Switching Exam The CCNP Switching test contains 55–60 questions to be completed in 75 minutes Cisco does not publish specific exam passing scores; however, in general you must get a score of about 75% to pass this . than prepared for the exam. CCNP Switching Study Guide in PDF Sybex offers the CCNP Switching Study Guide in PDF format on the CD so you can. summarization. The CCNP: Routing Study Guide (Sybex) covers all the objectives you need to understand to pass the Routing exam. Exam 640-604: Switching