Rr rabbit noun • VERB + RABBIT hunt, shoot, trap I skin • RABBIT + VERB hop, jump I bolt, run A frightened rabbit will boltfor its hole. I breed Rabbits breed veryfast. • RABBIT + NOUN fur, skin I burrow, hole, hutch, war- ren (oftenfigurative) The building was a real rabbit war- ren of corridors. race noun 1contest to find the fastest person, car,etc. • ADJ. big I get very nervous before a big race. I close, tight I long-distance I 10-kilometre, 24-hour, 7-lap, etc. I gruelling, hard, tough I relay, road I men's, women's I boat, motor, motorbike, yacht, etc. I dog, horse, etc. I Grand Prix, World Cup, etc. • VERB + RACE have,hold,organize,stageLet'shavea race! I be in, compete in, enter, go in for, run in, take part in Is she running in the big race on Saturday? I drop out of, pull out of, withdraw (sth) from He dropped out of the race with a pulled muscle after two laps. '> She had to pull out of the race at the last minute. I lead, win I was leading the race until the half-way point. o She has won the race for the last five years. I lose I come first/second, etc. in I beat sb/sth in I fix There is a rumour that the race was fixed. I throw (= to lose deliberately) He was paid £1 000to throw the race. • RACE + VERB be run/held, take place • RACE + NOUN meeting The horse was withdrawn from today's race meeting with an injured leg. I winner I official, organizer • PREP. in a/the - I'm not in this race. I - against/with the race against the Danish team - between the University Boat Race between Oxford and Cambridge - over a race over 200metres 2 competitive situation • ADJ. two-horse Although there are five candidates, realistically it is a two-horse race. I presidential I arms the halting of the nuclear arms race • VERB + RACE be (involved) in, join The rival TV com- panies are in a race to bring out thefirst film. drama of his life. I be ahead in, lead, win Who will win the racefor the White House? I be left behind in, lag behind in, lose • PREP. in a/the-lagging behind in the racefor thepresi- dency I - between a race between the developing countries - for the racefor nuclear supremacy - with the race with their rivals 3 racial group • ADJ. human I mixed a child of mixed race I Irish, Jewish, Latin, etc. I master the ideology of the master race • RACE + NOUN relations Immigration and race rela- tions were key political issues at the time. I equality I dis- crimination, prejudice I riot • PREP. among -s The disease is more common among European races. between -s greater understanding be- tween nations and races from a - children from all races and religions of a- people of different races and cultures I - of The Amazons werea race offemale warriors. • PHRASES on (the) grounds of race discriminating against people on the grounds of race race verb • ADV. frantically, madly She raced frantically towards the train. I ahead, away, back, by, downstairs, off, out, past, upstairs Farms and villages raced by. • PREP. across, after, along, around/round, down, for, into, out of, through, to, towards, up He raced madly up the stairs. • PHRASES come racing Two boys suddenly came racing round the corner. racing noun 1sport of racing horses • ADJ. horse I flat, jump • RACING + NOUN results I tip I expert, tipster Her racing tipster got the Derby winner right. I manager, owner, trainer I career I stable I trophy I calendar, pro- gramme, season He organizes his life according to the ra- cing calendar. I business, game, industry He has ridden horses all his life, but he was a late starter in the racing game. I circles, scene He's known in racing circles as a fierce competitor. o She's afamiliar face on the racing scene. I correspondent the racing correspondent or The Times' 2 sport of taking part in races • ADJ. competitive, top-level Today's cross-country event marks his return to top-level racing. I bike, dog, motor, yacht, etc. I Grand Prix I road, track • RACING + NOUN champion I legend, star racing le- gend Ayrton Senna I cyclist, driver I team I pro- gramme, season I scene I career, days I debut He made his racing debutfor Benetton threeyears ago. I car I circuit The bikes sped by on the racing circuit. I enthusi- ast, fan racism noun • ADJ. blatant, overt I was shocked by the blatant racism of his remarks. I rampant Racism is rampant in the armed.forces, I institutional, institutionalized • VERB + RACISM be a victim of, experience Many im- migrants have experienced racism. I combat, fight (against), stamp out measures to combat racism • PREP. against- thefight against racism • PHRASES a form of racism rack noun • ADJ. display, storage I cooling, drying I letter, lug- gage, magazine, plate, spice, toast, vegetable, wine, etc. I roof Wefixed the canoe onto the car's roof rack. • VERB + RACK hang sth on, put sth on/onto/in/into, stack sth in/on, store sth in/on The wine is stored in spe- cialracks. • RACK + VERB contain sth, hold sth The racks along the wall held most of the costumes. • PREP. in a/the - He replaced the CD in the rack. on a/the - Spread the flowers out to dry on a rack. I - for a rack tor storing apples - of racks of magazines racket noun 1 noise • ADJ. appalling, frightful, hellish, terrible • VERB + RACKET make Doyou kids have to make such a terrible racket? • PREP. above/over the- He had to shout over the racket. 2 illegal way of making money • ADJ. drugs, extortion, protection, smuggling • VERB + RACKET set up He set up a protection racket and demanded thousands of pounds from local shopkeep- ers. I control, operate, run I be involved in Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. radar • PREP. in a/the - the other people in this racket I - in a racket in stolen goods radar noun • ADJ. enemy, police • VERB + RADAR be equipped with • RADAR + NOUN operator I screen I beam, signal I equipment, scanner, station, system, transmitter • PREP. by - navigating by radar on - The submarine is impossible to detect on radar. radiation noun • ADJ. background I low-level I harmful I electro- magnetic, gravitational, infrared, microwave, nuclear, solar, thermal, ultraviolet • QUANT. dose Patients receive high doses of radiation during cancer treatment. • VERB + RADIATION emit, give off I absorb The ozone layer absorbs solar radiation. I measure, monitor I expose sb to Nuclear testing has exposed millions of people to radiation. • RADIATION + NOUN sickness I leak I dose, level I exposure I therapy • PREP. -jrom radiation from computer screens radiator noun 1equipment used for heating a room • ADJ. central heating, convector, storage • VERB + RADIATOR turn off/on I bleed You'll need to bleed the radiators to remove the airlocks. • RADIATOR + VERB leak • RADIATOR + NOUN key, valve 2 equipment for keeping an engine cool • ADJ. car • VERB + RADIATOR top up Top up the radiator before making a long journey. • RADIATOR + NOUN grille radical adj. • VERBS be, seem, sound I become • ADV. really, very I increasingly I fairly, quite, some- what I genuinely, truly a truly radical concept I appar- ently I potentially I politically, socially radio noun • ADJ. cab, car There were calls for cab radios to link train drivers and signal boxes. I CB, mobile, portable, transistor, two-way I FM, long-wave, short-wave I army, police I community, local, national, state • VERB + RADIO listen to I turn on, tune in to I tune His radio is permanently tuned to Radio 1. I turn down/up • RADIO + VERB announce sth, report sth The radio announced that the president had been assassinated. I blare (out), play (sth) He drove along with his windows open and the radio blaring out. • RADIO + NOUN receiver, set I alarm, cassette (play- er) I message, signal, waves I operator I system I transmitter I silence The troops maintained a strict radio silence while they moved into position. I station I advertisement, broadcast, interview, news, pro- gramme, report, show, transmission I frequency I amateur, ham The distress call was picked up by a young radio ham. I drama, play • PREP. by- The message was sent by radio. on the- We were listening toa show on the radio. radioactive adj. • VERBS be I become I remain • ADV. dangerously, highly I slightly 616 radioactivity noun • QUANT. level The soil contains 30 times the acceptable level of radioactivity. • VERB + RADIOACTIVITY discharge, produce, re- lease I measure, monitor • RADIOACTIVITY + VERB be present I escape, leak I contaminate sth The site toasfound to becontaminated by radioactivity. • RADIOACTIVITY + NOUN levels raffle noun • ADJ. charity • VERB + RAFFLE have, hold, organize, run I enter I win I draw The club secretary will now draw the raffle. • RAFFLE + NOUN ticket the winning raffle ticket I prize • PREP. in a/the - I won a bottle of wine in the office Christmas raffle. I - for He's organizing a raffle for the schoolplayground appealfund. raft noun • ADJ. life • VERB + RAFT build, make They built a raft of logs. • RAFT + VERB bob, float, sail The raft floated away down the river. I capsize, overturn • RAFT + NOUN race, racing • PREP. on/onto a/the-floating on a raft rag noun • ADJ. clean I dirty, filthy, oily, old I bloodstained • QUANT. bundle, heap, pile He noticed what looked like a bundle of rags beside the road. • VERB + RAG wipe sth (off) with I be wrapped in The gun was wrapped in a dirty rag. • PREP. on a/the-He wiped his hands on an oily rag. with a - I cleaned the board with an old rag. rage noun 1 great anger • ADJ. blind, cold, icy, pure I helpless, impotent burn- ing with impotent rage I pent-up, suppressed • QUANT. fit, burst Hepunched the wall in afit of rage. • VERB + RAGE be beside yourself with, be boiling/burning with, be choked with, be filled with, be full of, be purple/red/white with, be rigid/stiff with, be shaking/trembling with, feel, seethe with He glared at me, quite beside himself with rage. 0 'How dare you!' she said, her voice choked with rage. I vent The people vented their rage ongovernment buildings. I control, master He managed tomaster his rage. • RAGE + VERB build up She felt the rage building up inside her. I erupt His rage suddenly erupted. I subside His rage was beginning tosubside. • PREP. with - She was speechless with rage. I - at boiling with rage at the unfairness of it all • PHRASES a bellow/cry/roar/shout of rage He gave a roar of rage and punched me in theface. tears of rage 2 sudden display of great anger • ADJ. blind, terrible, towering I jealous I drunken She smashed up his car in a drunken rage. • VERB + RAGE be in, fly into, get in If something's too difficult she gets in a rage. • PREP. in a - She killed him in a rage of despair. I - about He was in a towering rage about his lost watch. -at Hefleto into a rage at the insult. -of He left in a rage of humiliation. rage verb 1 show great anger • ADV. inwardly Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. • PREP. about She was still raging about the treatment she had received. against I raged inwardly against his in- justice. at The team was left raging at the referee's decision. 2 continue with great force • ADV. still, on The argument still rages on. • PREP. around Even the dogs were quiet while the heated quarrel raged around them. within trying to control the fury raging within her • PHRASES rage unabated The storm raged unabated. raid noun 1 surprise attack • ADJ. daring I destructive, heavy, major I punitive, retaliatory, revenge I dawn, daylight, night I border, cross-border I air, bombing I commando, guerrilla • VERB + RAID carry out, conduct, make bombers carrying out daylight raids over northern France I launch, mount, stage I lead sb in I suffer • PREP. during/in a/the - Five civilians died in the raid. on a/the - He led his men on a cross-border raid. I - against The raids against Norway continued. - by The town suffered several raids by Vikings. - on air raids on Liverpool 2 robbery from a building • ADJ. bank, post office, shop I armed, smash-and- grab I dawn, daylight, night I daring • VERB + RAID plan I carry out I foil Two customers haoefoiled a smash-and-grab raid on a local shop. • PREP during/in althe - the jewels stolen in the raid I - on She was shot during an armed raid on a security van. 3 surprise visit by the police • ADJ. dawn, early morning I police I drug/drugs • VERB + RAID carry out, launch, stage Police staged an early morning raid on the premises. • PREP. during a/the - He was injured during a police raid on his nightclub. in a/the - the drugs seized in last night's raid I - by a raid by drugs squad detectives - on raids on houses in Catholic areas of the city rail noun 1 bar • ADJ. guard, safety I curtain, picture, towel heated towel rails I altar, balcony, banister • VERB + RAIL grip, hold on to, lean on She held tightly on to the rail. I hang from Lace curtains hung from the brass rails over the bed. I fit, fix • PREP. on a/the- She sat on the rail. over a/the- Hefold- ed the towel over the rail. 2 (usually rails) tracks • VERB + RAIL run along/on -s Trams run along rails. • PREP. along (the) -s The train thundered along the rails. between the - Weeds grew between the rails. off the -s The train came off the rails. on (the) -s The gun is mounted on rails. 3 railway system • RAIL + NOUN fare, ticket I network modernizing the rail network I route I timetable I service I connec- tion, line, link the Channel Tunnel rail link I journey I commuter, passenger, traveller, user I transport, travel I traffic I freight I bridge I accident, crash, disaster I employee, staff, worker I union I enthusiast • PREP. by- Weutentfrom London to Budapest by rail. railway noun • ADJ. mainline I hiqh-apeed I disused I narrow gauge, standard gauge I miniatureA miniature railway runs around the park. I model I funicular, overhead Tourists can take the funicular railway to the top of the mountain. I private, regional, state I electric, steam • VERB + RAILWAYmanage, operate, run I nationalize, privatize I build, construct I close, open 617 rally • RAILWAY + VERB run I carry sth The railways carry millions of tons offreight every year. • RAILWAY + NOUN carriage, coach, train, wagon I station, terminus I platform I ticket I ticket office I timetable I service I connection I journey, travel the pleasures of railway travel I passenger, traveller I em- ployee, porter, staff, worker I architect, engineer I au- thorities, company I network, system I line, track I junction, sidings I bridge, tunnel, viaduct I enthusiast He is a lifelong railway enthusiast. I accident I age Such speed of travel was unimaginable before the railway age. • PREP. on a/the - doing maintenance work on the rail- way o He works on the railways. I - between the railway between Funchal and Monte -frorn, -to rain noun • ADJ. driving, heavy, lashing, pouring, torrential I steady I fine, gentle, light, patchy Thefine rain turned to mist in the early evening. o The forecast is for wind and patchy rain. I warm I cold I constant, continuous, per- sistent I intermittent I overnight Overnight rain had freshened up the garden. I monsoon, tropical The mon- soon rains started early this year. I autumn, spring, etc. • QUANT. drop, spot A few spots of rain had fallen. I inch, shower, spot (informal) Wehad three inches of rain last night. o Wecould do with a spot of rain: • VERB + RAIN forecast Rain isforecast for tomorrow. I look like, threaten It looks like rain (= itlooks as though it is going to rain). o Black clouds threatened rain. I pour with It poured with rain all afternoon. I get caught in We got caught in the rain on the way home. • RAIN + VERB beat, come down, drip, drum, fall, lash, patter, pelt, pour down, splash, trickle Rain beat against the window all night. o Rain dripped down his collar. I come, set in, start The rain came just as we set off (> The rain had set in steadily by the time we got home. I cease, let up, stop The rain didn't let up all day. I continue The rain continued for most of the day. I threaten With rain threatening, we headed home as fast as we could. I drive sb The rain drove the players off the court. • RAIN + NOUN cloud, water • PREP. in the - Wefound her sitting in the pouring rain. out of the - Come in out of the rain. through the - We drove slowly through the driving rain. rain verb • ADV hard, heavily I a little, slightly I incessantly, non-stop, solidly, steadily It's been raining solidly for an hour now. o It rained incessantly for the whole two weeks. • VERB + RAIN begin to, start to I be going to I don't think it's going to rain. • PHRASES start/stop raining rainfall noun • ADJ. abundant, excessive, heavy, high There have been heavy rainfalls this monih. I low I moderate I nor- mal I good, poor We need a good rainfall to save the crops. I annual I average I local I summer, winter • VERB + RAINFALL have The area has a high annual rainfall. I measure Her work includes measuring the local rainfall. rally noun 1 political meeting • ADJ. big, huge, large, major, mass, massive I public I indoor, outdoor at a massive outdoor rally in Paris I campaign, election, political I opposition, protest I peace I anti-government, anti-war, etc. • VERB + RALLY have, hold, stage The demonstrators marched to Trafalgar Square where they held a rally. I call for, organize, plan I attend, take part in About 5 000 people attended a rally calling for peace. I address, Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. rally speak at I ban The government closed the schools and banned all rallies. • RALLY + VERB take place I break up, disperse, end The rally dispersed peacefully after six hours. I call for sth • PREP. at althe - She spoke at a public rally in Hyde Park. I - against a mass rally against the treaty - for a rally for the winning candidate - in support of a rally in support of the strike 2 motor race • ADJ. club, international I motor, motorcycle • VERB + RALLY hold, organize I compete in, enter I win • RALLY + NOUN circuit I driver, driving • PREP. on althe - He will join the team on the rally next week. 3in tennis • ADJ. long, short I exciting • VERB + RALLY play I win I lose rally verb • ADV around/round Neighbours rallied round and alerted the emergency services. • VERB + RALLY try to The team captain vainly tried to rally his troops. • PREP. around/round/behind She urged everyone to rally behind thepresident. to Friends rallied to her. • PHRASES rally to sb's defence BBC leaders rallied to his defence. rally to sb's/the cause Friends and colleagues have rallied to her cause. ram verb • ADV hard I deliberately • PREP. into He deliberately rammed his truck into the back of the one infront. ramble noun • ADJ. country, nature • VERB + RAMBLE go for/on We uientfor a ramble over the moors. • PREP. on a- The family made the amazing find while on a nature ramble in the woods. random adj. • VERBS be, seem • ADV completely, entirely, purely, quite, totally I al- most I fairly I truly I apparently, seemingly a seeming- ly random sequence of numbers range noun 1 different things within the same category • ADJ. broad, enormous, extensive, great, huge, large, vast, wide I complete, comprehensive, full, whole I in- finite I excellent, exciting, good, superb I astonishing, extraordinary, impressive, remarkable I diverse people from a diverse range of backgrounds I acceptable I limited, poor I new Come and seeour new range of furni- ture. I product For more information about our product range, callyour local branch. • VERB + RANGE have, stock They stock a very wide range of garden products. I make, produce I offer (sb), provide (sb with), supply (sb with) We provide a full range of financial services. I choose (sth) from, try out Students can choose from a wide range of options. I cre- ate, develop, launch The company is launching a new range of cosmetics. I expand, extend • RANGE + VERB include sth Our comprehensive range of benefits includes pension and health insurance. • PREP. in althe-theothermodels in their new range • PHRASES bottom/middle/top of the range This is a top of the range refrigerator. 618 2 amount between particular limits • ADJ. broad, wide I narrow I normal I ability, age, price, size, temperature, etc. • VERB + RANGE cover, encompass, feature, include The trade show uiillfeature an enormous range of goods. I extend, increase trying to extend the range of children's language • PREP. across a/the - There is conslderable variation in ability across the range. in a/the - Most of the students are in the age range 17-21.outside althe - No, that's complete- ly outside my price range. within a/the> The level of mis- takes is within the acceptable range of standardsfor apub- lic organization. I - of a broad range of abilities 3 distance that it is possible to travel, see, etc. • ADJ. long missiles effective over a long range I close, point-blank, short Heshot her at point-blank range. • PREP. beyond - This car is beyond the range of most people's pockets. in/within - Are we within range of the local transmitter? out of - Don't shoot yet-he's still out of range. outside althe - It's outside my range of vision. range verb • ADV. enormously, widely • PREP. across The opinions they expressed ranged right across thepolitical spectrum. between The town's popula- tion ranged between 15 and 20000. from, in The disease ranges widely in severity. over Her lecture ranged over a number of topics. through an array of lilies, ranging through yellow to sombre purple to selling them at prices ranging from about $10to $500. up to Their ages range up to 84. NOTE Ranks in the armed air force, army, navy- an air force/army sergeant an army/navy captain air/field marshal a naval captain/commander/lieutenant/officer have/hold the rank of, serve as- She joined the navy and held the rank of captain. He served as a lieutenant in the marine corps. be appointed, become, be made- He was made a colonel at the age of 40. She ought to have been made sergeant by now. under- 383men under General Miles attacked the camp. the rank of- She was promoted to the rank of colonel. rank noun 1 level of importance • ADJ. high, senior, superior, upper I middle I infer- ior, junior, low the lowest ranks of the aristocracy I first, second He is in thefirst rank of university teachers. I so- cial I Cabinet, ministerial a government minister of Cab- inetrank • VERB + RANK achieve, attain, be promoted to, get to, reach, rise to She joined the navy, where she rose to the rank of captain. I have, hold He held officer rank in the air force for many years. I be stripped of He was stripped of his rank by a military court. • PREP. above a/the - He never rose above the rank of lieutenant. below a/the - police officers below the rank of sergeant in - He is higher in rank than I am. I - in all ranks in society - of She reached the rank of captain. • PHRASES of high/low, etc. rank officers of senior rank 2 group/line of things/people • ADJ. front, rear I massed, serried the serried ranks of hotel staff Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. • PREP. along a/the - The president moved slowly along the ranks of men. in a/the- standing in the second rank 0 The soldiers marched in three ranks of ten. • PHRASES break ranks (= to leave a line of soldiers, po- lice, etc.) Thepolice broke ranks and started hitting people with their batons. rank on/upon rank (of sth) Rank upon rank of caravansjilled thefield. 3 (also the ranks) ordinary members of a large group • VERB + RANK be admitted into/to, enter, join, swell Each month thousands more swell the ranks of the un- employed. I serve in They had served in the ranks of the Sultan's army. I come up from/through, rise from/through He came up through the ranks to become a general. • PREP. among/within the -s of There is much disaffec- tion among the ranks of theparty. beyond/outside the-s The group has little influence over those outside its own ranks. in the -s There arefeto women in the highest ranks of the organization. rank verb • ADV. high/highly, low These subjects ranked low for most students. • PREP. above She ranks above any other musician of her generation. according to The children were ranked ac- cording to academic ability. alongside This city ranks alongside London as one of the great tourist centres of the world. among He ranks among the greatest boxers of all time. as Their performance ranks as the best of the year. below, with This ranks with the great paintings of the nineteenth century. • PHRASES be ranked/rank number two, three, etc. the tennis player ranked number two in the world high-/low- ranking He is a high-ranking officer in the Indian Army rank sth in order of sth ranked in order of size. rank in the top 10.100, etc. She is now ranked in the topjive hockey players in Britain. rank second, third, etc. The company ranks second among food manufacturers. ransom noun • VERB + RANSOM hold sb for/to, kidnap sb for She was kidnapped and held for ransom. 0 (figurative) The company refused to be held to ransom by the union. I de- mand I pay • RANSOM + NOUN demand, note I money, payment • PREP. for- stealing cattlefor ransom rap verb • ADV sharply He rapped sharply on the door. I gently • PREP on, with rapping on the window with his stick rape noun • ADJ. alleged I attempted I marital I date, gang • RAPE + NOUN victim q Note at CRIME (for verbs) rape verb • ADV brutally, forcibly, savagely She was attacked and brutally raped. I repeatedly I allegedly • VERB + RAPE attemptto, try to • PHRASES be/get raped worried about getting raped on her way home be accused/convicted of raping sb, be charged with raping sb, be found guilty of raping sb, deny raping sb rapid tuij. • VERBS be, seem I become • ADV exceptionally, extraordinarily, extremely, un- usually, very I fairly, quite, relatively 619 rate rapidity noun • ADJ. alarming, amazing, bewildering, extreme, great, remarkable The styles change with bewildering rapidity. I increasing • PREP. with- rapist noun • ADJ. potential, would-be I convicted I multiple, ser- ial The serial rapist has struck again. • RAPIST + VERB attack (sb), strike rapport noun • ADJ. close, easy, good, great, tremendous I person- al I instant • VERB + RAPPORT build, develop, establish I enjoy, have I feel • PREP. - between She felt an instant rapport between them - with He had enjoyed a personal rapport with the former president. rare adj. • VERBS be, seem I become, get I remain • ADV decidedly, distinctly, especially, exceedingly, exceptionally, extremely, particularly, surprisingly, very I increasingly I comparatively, fairly, pretty, quite, rather, relatively, somewhat I enough, sufficient- ly The stamps were not rare enough to be interesting. rash noun • ADJ. skin I itchy I allergic I heat, nappy, nettle • VERB + RASH have I break out in, come out in When rm stressed I break out in a rash. • RASH + VERB appear, come out, spread The rash most commonly appears on the back. • PREP. -on He's got a slight rash on his chest. raspberry noun • QUANT. punnet I bought apunnet offresh raspberries. • RASPBERRY + NOUN cane rows of raspberry canes q Special page at FRUIT rat noun • ADJ. black, brown I laboratory I sewer I water • RAT + VERB scurry, scuttle A brown rat scurried across the road. I squeak I gnaw Rats had gnawed through the wires. I carry/spread disease • RAT + NOUN catcher The dog was a useful rat catcher in the warehouse. I droppings I poison • PHRASES rat-infested a rat-infested cellar rate noun 1 speed/frequency • ADJ. constant, expected, regular, steady I slow the slow rate of change I fast, rapid I alarming, phenom- enal The costs of the project are rising at an alarming rate. I low There is a low survival rate among babies born be- fore 22 weeks. I high I ever-increasing, rocketing I seasonally-adjusted The seasonally-adjusted unemploy- ment rate in December stood at 5%. I success I divorce, marriage I death, mortality I survival I birth, fertility I accident I crime I growth, inflation I metabolic, pulse, respiratory We need to eat less as we get older and our metabolic rate slows down. • VERB + RATE improve, increase, speed up I cut, hold down, reduce, slow down trying to hold down the rate of inflatiori I stabilize I maintain I increase • RATE + VERB be/go/shoot up, grow, increase, rise, rocket, skyrocket, soar I be/come/go down, decline, decrease, drop, fall, plummet, plunge, slow, slip Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. rate • PREP. at a/the - The water was escaping at a rate of 200 gallons a minute. 2 amount of money paid • ADJ. competitive, cheap, low, moderate, reasonable Wehave a wide range of vehicles auailablefor hire at com- petitive rates. 0 Calls are cheap rate after 6 p.m. I extor- tionate, high I excellent, good I poor The account offers apoor rate of interest. I fixed, flat Youcan opt topay aflat ratefor unlimited Internet access. I usual I going rII pay you at the going rate (= the present usual rate of pay- ment). I variable I annual, hourly, weekly I base, basic, standard I top paying the top rate of tax I average I market current market rates for borrowing I group, preferential, reduced Ask about the special group rates for entrance to the house and gardens. I bank, exchange, interest, lending, mortgage, tax • VERB + RATE determine, fix, set I increase, lift, put up, raise I cut, lower, reduce I hold We will hold these rates until I April. I charge They charge the usual rate of interest. I pay I give(sb),offer(sb) • RATE + VERB go/shoot up, increase, rise Their hour- ly rates have gone up. I come/go down, drop I fluctuate Exchange rates are fluctuating wildly. I apply to sth Standard rates of interest apply to these loans. • PREP. at a/the - borrowing money at a high rate of interest I - for the average rate for an unskilled worker - of an increase in the rate of taxation • PHRASES a drop in interest rates, a rise in mortgage rates, etc. a one-point rise in base lending rates a rate of return safe investments which give agood rate of return q Note alpER CENT (for more verbs) rate verb • ADV. highly Silver was rated more highly than gold. • PREP. among a golf course that is rated among the top ten in America as It is rated as one of the city's best hotels. for a university that ishighly ratedfor its research work rating noun 1 measurement of how good sb/sth is • ADJ. high, top I low, poor I overall The overall per- formance rating puts the new model well ahead of its main rivals. I approval, opinion poll, popularity He has the highest opinion poll rating of any president this century. I performance I credit Most countries try topreserve their international credit rating in order to secure necessary loans. I personal • VERB + RATING have I assign (sb/sth), give (sb/sth) I achieve, earn, get, receive, score The university scored a top rating among students. I preserve I improve • RATING + VERB climb, improve, rise, rocket, soar The president's ratings have suddenly rocketed. I fall • RATING + NOUN scale, system • PREP. in a/the - a drop of 50points in her personal rat- ing I -for The resort got a low rating for children's facil- ities. - on The judges gave her the maximum rating on style. 2 ratings number of TV viewers, etc. • ADJ. good I poor I audience, TV • VERB + RATINGS get,haveAtthisstagetheserieswas getting good ratings. • RATINGS + VERB go up, improve, pick up, shoot up, soar The ratings went shooting up overnight. I dip, fall, go down The programme's ratings have dipped sharply. • RATINGS + NOUN battle, war • PREP in the -s It has been ousted from top spot in the TVratings. ratio noun • ADJ. high, low I male/female, pupil/teacher, etc. I beneflt-to-rlsk, power-to-weight, etc. 620 • VERB + RATIO achieve, have They have a high ratio of imports toexports. I improve, increase The hospital is trying toimprove its staff/patient ratio. I reduce I calcu- late, find, work out • RATIO + VERB improve I worsen the worsening pupil! teacher ratio in our schools • PREP in a/the- Wemixed the oil and water in a ratio of one tofive. I - between the ratio between the amount of time spent on the work and the profit produced - of sth to sth the ratio of house prices to incomes • PHRASES in direct ratio to sth Their sales rose indirect ration to the amount they spent on advertising. ration noun • ADJ. daily, monthly I double, entire, extra, full Preg- nant women received a double ration of milk. I meagre The refugees queued upfor their meagre rations of soup. I emergency, short, starvation, wartime -s We've beenput on short rations. I cigarette, food, petrol, etc. • VERB + RATION give sb, hand out, provide (sb with) I get, receive I consume, have, use up You've had your ration of suieets for the day! I cut, reduce The guards are going to cut our rations again. • RATION + NOUN book, card, coupon • PREP. on a/the-living on starvation rations I <of our daily ration of bread ration verb • ADV. strictly Thesefoods had to bestrictly rationed. • PREP. to The soldiers wererationed to one litre of water eachper day. rational adj. • VERBS be, seem It all seemed quite rational to me. • ADV. highly, very I entirely, fully, perfectly, quite At thetimeshewasperfectlyrational. I purely, strictly I es- sentially Humans are essentially rational beings. I ap- parently I economically With children working from the age often, largefamilies wereeconomically rational. • PREP. about Try to be rational about it. rationing noun • ADJ. strict I bread, credit, food, fuel, petrol, etc. I wartime • VERB + RATIONING have I bring in, introduce The government introduced meat rationing in May. I end • RATIONING + VERB be in force, exist • RATIONING + NOUN system • PREP. - of Strict rationing of basic foodstuffs was still inforce by the end of theyear. ray noun • ADJ. powerful I bright I harmful I dying, last the dying rays of a winter sun I cathode, cosmic, gamma, heat, infrared, light, ultraviolet, X- I the moon's, the sun's • VERB + RAY emit, give off, send out gamma rays given off by plutonium I expose sb/sth to I block, filter out, protect/shield sb/sth from creams which filter out the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays I bend, catch, deflect, reflect Her brooch caught the rays of the setting sun. • RAY + VERB filter through sth, pass through sth, penetrate sth, travel the moon's ravs tiltering through the trees I hit sth When the sun's rays hit the earth, a lot of heat is reflected back into space. I damage sth Ultraviolet rays damage the skin. • PREP. in the -s of a stream sparkling in the rays of the June sun • PHRASES a ray of light/sunlight/sunshine, the rays of the sun Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. razor noun • ADJ. open I blunt I cut-throat, disposable, electric, safety • VERB + RAZOR cut sb/sth with, shave with, slash sb/sth with, use We used a razor to cut the string. I be armed with He was armed with a cut-throat razor. • RAZOR + NOUN blade I wire • PREP. with a/the - He slashed his wrists with a razor. reach noun • ADJ. long Gorillas have a very long reach. • VERB + REACH have • PREP. beyond (sb/sth's) The latch wasjust beyond her reach. in/within sb/sth's- a holiday town within reach of Marseilles out of sb/sth's - Keep all medicines out of reach of children. • PHRASES within arm's reach I always keep my mobile phone within arm's reach. within easy reach (of sth) The house is within easy reach of the shops. reach verb 1 arrive at a place/condition • ADV eventually, finally • VERB + REACH attempt to, try to I be expected to, be likely/unlikely to, expect to Profits are expected to reach £2 billion this year. I be able to I be unable to, fail to Thejury was unable to reach a verdict. 2 stretch out your arm to touch/get sth • ADV gingerly lout, over He reached out gingerly to touch it. • PREP. for She reachedfor the telephone and picked it up. into He reached into his bag and took out a book. 3 be able to touch sth • ADV. easily She had arranged her desk so that she could reach everything easily. • VERB + REACH can/could I can't reach the top shelf. react verb • ADV. strongly I favourably, positively, sympathetic- ally people who react positively to change I adversely, badly, negatively, unfavourably I aggressively, angrily, violently I cautiously, coolly I sharply I appropriately I immediately, instantly I quickly, swiftly The police must be able to react swiftly in an emergency. I differently I accordingly His insensitive remarks hurt and she react- ed accordingly. I automatically, instinctively, spontan- eously I physically • VERB + REACT tend to I be slow to The industry has been slow to react to these breakthroughs in technology. I not know how to He did not know how to react to her sudden mood swings. • PREP. against Many young people react against trad- itional values. by The government reacted by increasing taxation. to The university reacted unfavourably to the proposals. with Herfamily reacted with horror when she told them. reaction noun 1 response • ADJ. extreme, sharp, strong, violent I favourable, positive I adverse, hostile, negative I mixed The speech got a mixed reaction. I angry I first, immediate, initial I delayed Her outburst was a delayed reaction to an un- pleasant letter she'd received that morning. I chain The change of plan set off a chain reaction of confusion. I mixed I common, general, public I natural, normal I automatic, gut, instinctive, knee-jerk, spontaneous The incident calls for a measured response, avoiding knee-jerk reactions. I nervous I emotional I critical The critical reaction to hisfirst novel has beenpositive. 621 read • VERB + REACTION get, have, meet with The play met with a mixed reaction from the critics. I bring, cause, produce, provoke, set off, spark (off), trigger (off) She was surprised at the reaction brought by the mention of his name. I gauge, judge (by/from) He eyed her cautiously, trying to gauge her reaction. 0 Judging by her reaction, she liked thepresent. • PREP. in -to There's been a drop in ticket sales in reac- tion to the reoieui I - against Her rebellious attitude is just a reaction against her strict upbringing. - to the pub- lic reaction to the news 2 (usually reactions) ability to react quickly • ADJ. fast, good, lightning, quick I slow, sluggish • VERB + REACTION have She has very quick reactions. I speed up I slow down Alcohol has the effect of slowing downyour reactions. • REACTION + NOUN time Your reaction time increases when you are tired. 3 chemical reaction • ADJ. chain I chemical, nuclear • VERB + REACTION cause, produce, start, trigger I stop I speed up I slow down • REACTION + VERB occur, take place • PREP. during/in a/the- the energy given out during the reaction I - between studying the reactions between cer- tain gases -wlth the fuel's chemical reaction with the sur- rounding water 4 allergy • ADJ. adverse, bad I mild, slight I delayed a delayed reaction to the drugs I allergic • VERB + REACTION have, suffer She had a very bad al- lergic reaction to thepeanuts. I cause, produce • PREP. - to A small minority of patients suffer an ad- verse reaction to the treatment. reactionary adj. • VERBS be, seem • ADV extremely, highly, very I politically reactor noun • ADJ. nuclear I fast, fast-breeder, fission, fusion, gas- cooled, pressurized-water, thermal • VERB + REACTORbuild I operate, run I close (down), decommission, shut down • REACTOR + VERB operate, run • REACTOR + NOUN building, site I fuel I core I acci- dent, safety, shut-down read noun 1 activity of reading • ADJ. good I quiet • VERB + READ have I had a good read of the paper be- fore they arrived. 2 writer/book • ADJ. compelling, good, great, interesting • VERB + READ be, make The story made an interesting read. read verb • ADV aloud listening tochildren reading aloud I silent- ly I carefully, with interest He read her letter with inter- est. I avidly, voraciously She read avidly from an early age-books, magazines, anything. lout Shall I read this out toyou? • VERB + READ be able to, can/could Most children can read by the age of seven. I learn (how) to I teach sb (how) to • PREP. about Hogan had read about her death in the papers. from She readfrom the letter. of I had read of the case in the local newspaper. through I read through the Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. readable first paragraph again. to I read a story to my son every night. • PHRASES read and write She had great difficulty learn- ing toread and write. readable adj. 1 enjoyable to read • VERBS be I make sth • ADV. eminently, extremely, highly, immensely, very a stimulating and highly readable account I quite 2 able to be read • VERBS be • ADV. clearly, easily The figures should be clearly read- able. <> printed in large, easily readable type • PHRASES machine readable reader noun • ADJ. careful, competent, fast, fluent, good I alert, at- tentive Alert readers may have noticed the misprint in last week's column. I discerning, sophisticated I poor, slow I avid, great, voracious I omnivorous I regular regular readers of this magazine I casual I adult, fe- male, male, women, young I specialist I general, non- specialist a book that will be too difficult for the general reader I Daily Express, Guardian, etc. I tabloid • PREP. - of a voracious reader of sciencefiction. readiness noun • ADJ. greater I constant I combat The troops were in a state of combat readiness. • VERB + READINESS declare, express, indicate, show, signal Hungary has indicated its readiness to sign the treaty. I hold sb/sth in He held his gun in readiness. • PREP. in -(for) service the car in readiness for the jour- ney I -for toexpress a readiness for change • PHRASES a state of readiness reading noun 1 sth you can read • ADJ. compelling, compulsive, fascinating, good, interesting I depressing, disturbing I heavy, serious I light I compulsory, essential, required I recommend- ed, suggested I background, introductory I further I bedtime, holiday some light holiday reading • VERB + READING be, make (for) Their story makes compulsive reading. • READING + NOUN list 2 activity of reading • ADJ. extensive After extensive reading on the subject she set to work on an article. I careful, close, critical A close reading of the text reveals several contradictions. I serious I map My map-reading skills are not the best. • VERB + READING do, get down to I haven't had time to do much reading lately. <> In the holidays r11get down to some serious reading. • READING + NOUN material, matter I ability, age, knowledge, skills He has a reading age of eight. <> She has a good reading knowledge of Russian. I glasses, light, room • PREP. - about/on His reading about Ruskin led him to the works of Turner. 3 reading in public • ADJ. public I Bible, poetry • VERB + READING give Dickens gave many public readings from his works. • PREP. at a/the - We met at a reading of his poetry. -from/of readings from the Koran 4 figure/measurement shown on an instrument • ADJ. high, low I zero I normal I accurate, correct I false I meter, thermometer 622 • VERB + READING get, obtain, take I give The dials weregiving higher readings than we had expected. readyadj. 1 prepared • VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem I get We were get- ting ready to go out. I get sb trying to get the children ready to leave I consider sb, declare sb, deem sb, judge sb She was concerned toprotect the childrenfrom the truth until shejudged them ready to hear it. • ADV. all I was all ready to leave when the phone rang. I not quite He didn't feel quite readyfor marriage. I (just) about, almost, nearly, practically I think we'rejust about ready to start. I always, ever I not yet I emotionally Though Paul had wanted a child, he wasn't emotionally readyfor it. • PREP. for I feel ready for anything! with He's always ready with a quick answer. 2 prepared and available • VERBS be, stand The suitcases werestanding ready by the front door. I have sth, hold sth, keep sth, leave sth Please have your tickets readyfor inspection. o holding his gun ready o I'ue left everything ready in the kitchen. I get sth, make sth r11get all the boxes ready. o The warships were soon made ready. I consider sth, declare sth, deem sth, judge sth The plane was refuelled and declared ready for service again. • PREP. for The cases are readyfor delioery. 3willing • VERBS appear, be, seem I remain • ADV. more than, only too, very Connors was more than ready to oblige. <> She was only too ready to believe the worst of him. I always, ever I apparently I clearly • PHRASES ready and willing always ready and willing to help real adj. 1 serious • VERBS be I become • ADV. all too, very Her suffering was all too real. <> the very real danger of war 2genuine • VERBS be, look, seem • ADV. enough The pearls looked real enough. realism noun • ADJ. political I gritty, stark the stark realism of Loach's fiims • QUANT. degree I element, note I hate to interject a note of realism, but we don't have any money to do any of this. • VERB + REALISM add, bring, lend Clever lighting and sound effects brought greater realism to the play. I achieve Children can get frustrated when they are unable to achieve realism in their drawings. • PREP. -about the band's realism about their chances of success • PHRASES a sense of realism realistic adj. 1 showing acceptance of the facts of a situation • VERBS be, seem I keep sth Try to keep your ambi- tions realistic. • ADV. extremely, very I fairly, quite, reasonably I enough, sufficiently He was realistic enough toknow this success could not last. • PREP. about My friends were quite realistic about my problems. in being very realistic in their expectations 2 showing things as they really are • VERBS be, look, sound I become I make sth You could make the hands a little more realistic. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. • ADV. extremely, truly, very I fairly, quite I grimly his grimly realisticfirst novel about drug addicts reality noun • ADJ. awful, bitter, brutal, cold, grim, hard, harsh, painful, sad, stark We werefaced with the awful reality of having nowhere to live. I complex I underlying He has no illusions about the underlying reality of army life. I objective, practical the practical realities of running a children's home I daily, everyday I external Painters at the time were largely concerned with reproducing external reality. I commercial, economic, historical, physical, political, psychological, social the harsh economic real- ities of life as a student I virtual the use of virtual reality in computer games • VERB + REALITY become One day her dream will be- come a reality. I make sth It's our task to make the pro- posals a reality. I accept, confront (sb with), face (up to), get a grip on, grasp, wake up to She will have toface real- ity sooner or later. 0 I don't think you have quite grasped the realities of our situation! I bear little/no, etc. rela- tion/resemblance to, be cut off/divorced/removed from, be out of touch with, have little/not have much to do with They are out of touch with the realities of modern warfare. 0 Most people's ideas of the disease do not have much to do with the reaiity. I escape from I deny, ignore I bring sb back to, come/get back to, return to He called for the committee to stop dreaming and return to reality. I distort Most comedy relies on distorting reality. I pro- tect/shelter/shield sb from Her parents always tried to shield herfrom the realities of the world. I reflect • PREP. in - The media portray her as happy and success- ful, but in reality she has a difficult life. • PHRASES a grasp of reality He has a rather tenuous grasp of reality. a perception/sense of reality realization noun • ADJ. full I dawning, growing I gradual I sudden I awful, terrible • VERB + REALIZATION come to He came to the realization that he would never make a good teacher. • REALIZATION + VERB come (to sb), dawn (on sb), hit sb The realization that the murderer must have been a close friend came as a shock. 0 We saw the terrible realization of what she'd done dawn on herface. realize verb • ADV. fully I dimly She dimly realized that she was trembling. I suddenly I quickly, soon I now I for the first time I realized for the first time how difficult this would be. I at first The situation was more complicated than they had at first realized. I at last, belatedly, even- tually, finally I never Inever realized how much it meant toyou. • VERB + REALIZE begin to, come to I make sb The experience made me realize that people did care. I seem to You don't seem to realize the seriousness of the situation. I fail to I be important to • PHRASES without realizing (sth) We are constantly using historic buildings, without even realizing it. realm noun 1 area of activity/interest/knowledge • ADJ. whole the whole realm of human intellect I new I international I public I domestic, private I political, social, spiritual • VERB + REALM be/lie in, belong in/to I open up The research has opened up new realms for investigation. I enter, move into I descend into/to (disapproving) Most readers are likely to lose interest when he descends into the realms of (= starts discussing) rhetorical terminology. I 623 reason move from/out of The euro has movedfrom the realms of theory into reality. • PREP. beyond/out of/outside the - of His ambitions are way beyond the realms ofpossibility. in/within the - of The idea belongs in the realm of sciencefiction. • PHRASES the realms of fantasy/possibility 2 country ruled by a king/queen • VERB + REALM defend They fought to defend the realm. • PREP. beyond/outside the - wealth acquired outside the realm in/within the - peace within the realm through- out the- There was rejoicing throughout the realm. • PHRASES a part of the realm, the defence of the realm Royal taxation usually had to befor the defence of the realm. reappraisal noun • ADJ. fundamental, major, radical I complete I con- stant I careful I critical a critical reappraisal of existing ideas and social institutions • VERB + REAPPRAISAL cause, lead to Her theory is that disillusionment with employment leads to re- appraisal of career goals. I undertake They have under- taken a reappraisal of pupils' needs. rear noun • VERB + REAR bring up Three drummers brought up the rear (= were last in the parade). I attack (sb/sth) from • PREP. at the - The socketfor theprinter cable is located at the rear of the computer. from tha-', in the- The radio is loudest in the rear of the car. to/towards the - A high gate blocks the only entrance tothe rear. rear verb • ADV. intensively intensively reared beef cattle I natur- ally naturally rearedpork and beef I successfully reason noun 1 cause/motive/justification; explanation of sth • ADJ. cogent, good, sound, strong I compelling, con- vincing I plausible I adequate, sufficient I bona fide, legitimate, valid I wrong He married her for all the wrong reasons. I opposite Tom's problem was that he lacked confidence; Ed failed for precisely the opposite rea- son. I important I special I chief, main, major, pri- mary, principal I only, simple, sole The only reason I didn't become aprofessional golfer was because of myfam- ily commitments. 0 I was never good at playing the trum- pet for the simple reason that I never practised. I real, underlying She did not tell him the real reason for her change of heart. 0 The underlying reasons for these differ- ences will be explored in depth in the next chapter. I very There is an assumption that a state will protect its citizens. That is the very reason for the existence of states. I appar- ent, particular He was attacked for no apparent reason. I no earthly, (no) possible Surely there isno earthly reason why you wouldn't want to come with us? I clear, obvious Thereasonsforherdecisionsoonbecameclear. I unclear I logical I understandable I justifiable I inexplicable, unexplained, unknown For some unexplained reason the pilot jettisoned all his fuel shortly after take-off I un- specified I unconnected dismissal for reasons uncon- nected with redundancy I personal I sentimental I self- ish I professional I commercial, economic, financial, legal, political, social, technical I practical, pragmatic I security I health I humanitarian • VERB + REASON be aware of, see We see no reason why this band shouldn't be a huge success. I have I don't know why he did that, but I'm. sure he had his reasons. 0 I have no reason to believe that she was lying to me. I cite, give (sb/sth), set out, state Give me one good reason why I Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. reasonable should helpyou. 0 In the letter she carefully set out her rea- sons for leaving. I cite sth as, give sth as I suggest I explain I understand I uncover • PREP. by - of (formal) persons in need of care by reason of( = because of) old age for a/the - procedures carried out for reasons of national security for - of tformaty For rea- sons of security, you are requested to keep your luggage with you at all times. with/without - They complained about the food, and with good reason (= rightly). I - against There are obvious reasons against such a move. - behind Weare trying to uncover the reasons behind her decision. -for They didn't give any reasonfor the delay. • PHRASES all the more reason If he's unwell, that's all the more reason to go and see him. all sorts of reasons People buy things for all sorts of reasons. any/everyllit- tle/no/one/some reason I know you're angry with me, and you have every reason (= very good reasons) to be. for reasons best known to yourself For reasons best known to herself she has turned down the offer. for whatever rea- son people toho.for whatever reason, are unable tosupport themselves a number/variety of reasons, rhyme or rea- son There's no rhyme or reason (= logic) to the new open- inghours. 2 power to think logically; what is possible/right • ADJ. human • VERB + REASON lose He seems to have lost all sense and reason. I be open to, listen to, see I tried topersuade her,but shejust wouldn't listen to reason. • PREP. beyond - He was beyond all reason. within - r11 lend you the money you need-within reason, of course! • PHRASES an appeal to reason The residents hope that an appeal to reason (= asking the rioters to be reasonable) will end the rioting. it stands to reason It stands to reason (= it is logical) that she wouldn't want them tofind out about her personal problems. the voice of reason She was always the voice of reason, persuading him not to buy things they couldn't afford. reasonable adj. • VERBS appear, be, seem, sound I consider sth, judge sth, regard sth as, think sth • ADV. eminently, extremely, very I entirely, perfectly, utterly The police apparently thought this explanation perfectly reasonable. I fairly, quite I enough Her request sounded reasonable enough to me. I apparently reasoning noun • ADJ. careful, sound I false, faulty I underlying I ab- stract I practical I logical I deductive, inductive I ju- dicial, legal, moral, scientific, theological I human • QUANT. piece a rather confused piece of reasoning • VERB + REASONING adopt, apply, employ, use the reasoning adopted by the court I follow, understand I can't quite follow your reasoning. I accept I reject I challenge I explain • REASONING + VERB apply The same reasoning ap- plies to the current situation. I lead sb/sth to sth I cannot accept the reasoning that led the trial court to its decision. • REASONING + NOUN process I ability • PREP. in your - the circularity in their reasoning I - about reasoning about art - behind Many people chal- lenged the reasoning behind theproposal. • PHRASES a flaw in your reasoning, a form/kindlline of reasoning The implication of this line reasoning is that globalization of capital is destructive. power of reason- ing She seemed to have lost her powers ofreasoning. reassurance noun • ADJ. great I further I constant, continual I calm Continual calm reassurance should begiven. • VERB + REASSURANCE have We have had some re- assurances from the council that the building will be 624 saved. I need, want I look for, seek He glanced at her, seeking reassurance. I draw, find, gain, receive He drew reassurance from the enthusiastic applause. 0 She found reassurance in the high attendance at her lectures. I bring (sb), give (sb), offer (sb), provide (sb with)A system of be- liefs can bring you reassurance at times of stress. • PREP. despite - She kept looking in the mirror despite my constant reassurances that her hair looked fine. for- He held onto her hand for reassurance. in - I patted her shoulder in reassurance. I - about/on The ministry tried to offer reassurance on the safety of eating beef - from re- assurancestrom the researchers about their work reassure verb • ADV. constantly He was constantly reassuring himself that he had actedfor the best. I quickly • VERB + REASSURE be able to, can I' seek to, try to I hasten to I do little to, do nothing to I do much to The report will do much to reassure parents of children at the school. • PREP. about trying to reassure the public about the safety of public transport of She needed to be reassured of his love for her. with He reassured her with a pat on the arm. • PHRASES feel reassured Kate nodded, but she didn't feel reassured. need reassuring Often parents simply need reassuring that their children are happy at school. reassuring adj. • VERBS be I find sth • ADV. extremely, immensely, very I hardly Her comment-Tou can always try again lf you fail'-was hardly reassuring. I faintly, quite, vaguely I oddly I somehow rebate noun • ADJ. generous, substantial I maximum I rate, rent, tax She's claiming a 100%tax rebate. • VERB + REBATE be eligible for, be entitled to People on low incomes are entitled to a rebate of up to 80%. I ap- ply for, claim I get, receive I give sb, grant sb I intro- duce I scrap • REBATE + NOUN scheme, system • PREP. - on rebates on the new counciltax • PHRASES a system of rebates rebel noun • ADJ. anti-government I left-wing, right-wing I US- backed, etc. I former I armed • QUANT. band, group • VERB + REBEL back, help, support They sent in troops to back the rebels. I repel I defeat I join I lead • REBEL + VERB be based The rebels were based in camps along the border. I advance I attack sth I cap- ture sth, gain/regain/seize/take control (of sth) The rebels seized control of the national radio headquarters. • REBEL + NOUN faction, group, movement I army, fighters, force/forces, officers, soldiers, troops I com- mander, leader I control The southern parts of the coun· try had fallen into rebel control. I base, camp, position, stronghold I activity, advance, assault, attack, inva- sion I cause, movement new recruits to the rebel cause • PREP. against the - military operations against the rebels I - against a group of rebels against the emperor • PHRASES a bit/something of a rebel (figurative) He's a bit of a rebel (= he doesn't like to obey rules). rebellion noun 1attempt to change the government • ADJ. full-scale, major I minor, small I general, open I armed I military, peasant, popular Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. [...]... www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark reform 634 • PHRASES the need for reform, the pace of reform, a programme of reform, a timetable for reform reform verb • ADV drastically, fundamentally, radically The health service must be radically reformed • VERB + REFORM attemptto, seek to, try to • PHRASES attempts/efforts/proposals to reform sth, a need to reform sth refrain noun • ADJ constant I familiar... of the damaged vehicle had to be rebuilt from scratch + NOUN book -for She issued a receiptfor the goods 2 act of receiving sth • VERB + RECEIPT acknowledge I would be grateful if you would acknowledge receipt of this letter, • PREP in - of people in receipt of housing benefit on/upon - of The goods will be sent on receipt of your cheque • PHRASES the date for receipt The closing date for receipt of. .. liquidfor the easy removal of coffee stains I forced/forcible the forcible removal of the protesters' barricades I surgical I hair, stain • VERB + REMOVAL call for, demand, seek They demanded her removal from office I order In a symbolic move, the new government ordered the removal of the dictator's statue I require The programme required the removal of government subsidies I allow I arrange for to... that signature of the peace accord did not imply recognition of the state's sovereignty I ask for, call for, demand, request, seek I apply for I qualify for to qualify for UN recognition as an International Biosphere Reserve I accord sb/sth, give sb/sth, grant sb/sth I refuse sb/sth • RECOGNITION + VERB come Official recognition of the change camefast • PREP in -of an award in recognition of his outstanding... announce the death of Mr Fred Fisher without - She thought of them without regret I - about/over She showed no regret about leaving her country - at my sincere regret at what has happened -for She enjoyed living alone, but felt a tiny pang of regretfor her mother's cooking • PHRASES expression of regret The police offered no expression of regret at his wrongful arrest a matter for/ of regret I never... statement provides reinforcement for the view that tax cuts are likely in the budget I receive I have The windows have steel reinforcement I need 2 reinforcements extra soldiers, etc • ADJ police, troop • VERB + REINFORCEMENTS call for, call in, send for, summon The crowd was very large and police reinforcements were called in I bring in, send • REINFORCEMENTS + VERB arrive Reinforcements ar- rived too... are calculated by reference to an hourly rate for- Retain a copy of theformfor future ref- erence without - to The decision was taken without reference to local managers • PHRASES for reference purposes She needs the book for referencepurposes a source of reference The book is an invaluable source of referencefor the-art historian 3 book containing facts/information • ADJ general The book is by far the... by/from recognition by his superiors of the service he had performed - for They received recognitionfor their 20-year commitment to safety at sea • PHRASES a lack of recognition, portance of sth, recognition gle for recognition recognition of the im- 1 know sb/sth again • ADV immediately, instantly I immediately recognized the building I easily This is the only species of flamingo in the region, easily... He apologized for his outburst at rehearsal during (a/the) - During the dress rehearsal she suddenly forgot her lines in - They're performing every night and they have another production in rehearsal I - for rehearsals for 'Romeo and Juliet' - of a rehearsal of thefinal scene rehearse verb • ADV carefully I mentally She mentally rehearsed what she would say to Jeff • PREP for rehearsing for the show... welcome I advocate, call for, press for, propose They have issued a statement advocating reform of the legal system I demand I back, encourage, support We are committed to supporting democracy and reform in the region I require The practice of global politics requires reform I plan I discuss I inadequate I mere, pale This account is only a pale reflection of the true state of affairs I direct, simple . reason of( = because of) old age for a/the - procedures carried out for reasons of national security for - of tformaty For rea- sons of security, you are. rate of 20 0 gallons a minute. 2 amount of money paid • ADJ. competitive, cheap, low, moderate, reasonable Wehave a wide range of vehicles auailablefor hire