P REREQUISITES
A solid understanding of CAD software is essential for effectively using dFab equipment Familiarity with programs such as Rhino3D, Fusion 360, or Inventor is crucial, and gaining approximately six months to a year of intensive experience with these tools is recommended for optimal proficiency.
• Understanding of why you want to use a CNC machine and what it does
• Other rapid prototyping experience such as laser cutting and 3d printing
• Understanding of Windows file structure and how to access a server
R EAD FANUC O PERATORS M ANUAL
Estimated Time: 1-3 Hours independent work
We invite current MICA students to read, take notes, and provide feedback on this document, which is also available in printed form at dFab or upon request As this is a working document, your valuable input is essential for its improvement.
CNC L EVEL 1
Level 1 students are allowed to operate the CNC machine only under the direct supervision of their training faculty It is essential that a Level 3 training faculty member or a designated Level 3 Tech is present at the machine whenever a Level 1 student is using the CNC.
Before taking tests or reading materials, students will receive an introductory overview of CNC to enhance their understanding of training concepts and procedures Faculty members will provide carefully prepared files and guide students on safe machine operation while discussing associated safety risks At this stage, students are not allowed to create their own files Under direct faculty supervision, students may engage in tasks such as jogging the machine, loading files, and using the MDI, with faculty demonstrating the operator's position and file execution.
2.3.2 Introduction to CAM and Toolpaths
In this coursework you will learn about:
• Setting Stock in your file
• 2d operations including profiling, pocketing and engraving
• Tooling, tool offsets, climb cutting
• Work zero, fixtures, work holding
• Simulations and checking for collisions
• Axial and Radial tool load
• Entry and Exit/Linking parameters
Take notes in your coursework To work independently you will be expected to know all of the above concepts
To operate the CNC machine, you must first complete CNC Test 1 with a perfect score of 100% The test is ungraded on your transcript, allowing unlimited attempts to achieve this score After completing the test, you will receive an email with your results; click “VIEW SCORE” to check your performance and “Edit response” to revise your answers Achieving a perfect score on this written test is essential before you can operate the machine in class.
In this training session, we will thoroughly review the manual and discuss safety protocols, allowing time for questions Students will receive a demonstration and then operate the machine under the close supervision of their instructors during class or the scheduled CNC Level 3 tech session, utilizing a file they have prepared The training will include jogging the machine, performing a tool change using the MDI, and executing a job on the machine.
Topics Covered: Jog Mode, MDI, Feed Override, Emergency Stop, Reset, Loading Files, Work Offsets, Tool Offsets, Control Navigation, Work Holding/Fixtures
Develop your own files, including design and CAM components, while adhering to your current skill set Collaborate with your instructor for feedback on your work prior to each cutting process, as faculty will oversee the cutting stage.
Before purchasing materials, consult with your instructor after developing a solid set of toolpaths for your project, as significant adjustments are often recommended during this initial meeting.
Maximize your learning by practicing immediately after your instructor demonstrates a setup or toolpath creation Breaking down the process and redoing it right after the meeting will help you fully understand the concept.
To effectively navigate the overwhelming details of this content, it's essential to be patient and focus on learning one aspect at a time The most effective approach is to dedicate consecutive days to making small, manageable progress Prioritize understanding the workflow and then integrate it into your work for better results.
CNC L EVEL 2
Use of CNC after taking CNC Coursework
Complete the below requirements to use CNC outside of class time or after the course covering CNC ends
To operate the machine, you must achieve a perfect score of 100% on the Level 2 Test after completing the relevant coursework This test does not affect your transcript grade, and you can retake it as many times as necessary to attain a perfect score You will receive an email with your test results, and you can view your score by clicking “VIEW SCORE” or edit your answers by selecting “Edit response.”
After achieving a perfect score on the CNC Level 2 written test, you can proceed to the Level 2 Practical Test, which certifies your ability to create, verify, and safely execute a basic CAM file.
To schedule a file review, contact your faculty or the studio manager directly Be prepared with specific questions and ensure your file is accessible on the server for discussion It’s important to take notes during the meeting to capture the key points covered.
Each time you want to use the CNC, schedule a meeting to review your file with the Studio Manager After reviewing your file we will schedule a cut time
To ensure a smooth operation on Cut Time day, review the training manual and arrive 10-15 minutes early to prepare Use this time to go over toolpaths, gather materials, and assess your fixture or spoilboard If the machine is available, feel free to begin setting up early.
CNC L EVEL 3
Complete the below requirements to use CNC when Studio Manager is not present
Once you master CNC machines, the best way to advance your skills is by teaching others Start this journey by passing the CNC Level 3 written test and then contact the Studio Manager Achieving a perfect score on the test is crucial, as it leads to a practical discussion with the Studio Manager You will then have the opportunity to assist students one-on-one while staying in close contact with the Studio Manager.
To successfully pass the practical test, you will receive an example file highlighting common student errors Ensure that you correct these errors, submit the revised code, verify its accuracy, and run the program without any mistakes Note that a minimum of one week must pass before you can retake the practical test if needed.
G ENERAL FANUC CNC M ACHINE S AFETY
• Never step inside the painted line while the machine is in operation
• Wear safety glasses when performing setup operations (spindle off) and whenever the spindle is on
• During setup, only the operator may reach inside the yellow line to make measurements
• Hearing protection is advised for everyone in the machine shop while the CNC spindle is on
• Always firmly check the fixture (vacuum table hold down or other fixture devices) prior to running a job
• Warped plywood or any material that is not completely flat will not be held securely by the vacuum
If you can move the part at all, you will need to devise another method to hold the part down
• Verify work offsets, tool offsets and your program prior to execution
• Check your gCode for breakthrough amounts, work offsets and correct post processor
• UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU ARE DOING! NOT UNDERSTANDING = SEVERE
• The first time you run the machine, practice stopping the program with your instructor Be sure to discuss cycle stop, reset, spindle stop and the E-Stop
Before powering on or off the machine, ensure the emergency stop (E-stop) is engaged Avoid pressing any keys or switches on the control panel until the position display or alarm screen is visible Some keys are reserved for maintenance or special functions, and pressing them may alter the CNC's standard operating state, potentially leading to unexpected machine behavior.
M ACHINE C RASH / A CCIDENT R EPORTING
Do not move anything, we will need the tool, material and files
Ensure the safety of yourself and others, contact Campus Safety if medical attention is needed
To prevent further damage to the machine after a crash, do not move the spindle, as incorrect recovery attempts can exacerbate the issue It is crucial to gather the necessary materials and information before proceeding with any recovery efforts.
1 Student Name and contact information (remind them that they are not in trouble)
2 CAM file - Rhino file with RhinoCAM used for project or Fusion 360 file
3 The actual *.nc file (gCode) that was running at the time of crash
The material being cut should remain on the machine for now, as it is essential for our investigation Students can retrieve it if they wish, but we will retain it until we fully comprehend the situation.
6 Your account of what happened, your assessment of what procedure was not followed leading to the mistake
7 Store the files and information collected on the server under
\\picasso\Courses\_Student Resources\dFab\Shared\ FANUC \Crash Log
8 Have the student reach out to McKibbin to find a time the next day when they can discuss what happened
A XIS OF M OTION
A rigid body can move along six axes of motion, which consist of three linear axes (X, Y, and Z) and three rotational axes (A, B, and C) The A axis rotates around the X axis, the B axis rotates around the Y axis, and the C axis rotates around the Z axis.
G C ODE P ROGRAMING W ORDS AND S YNTAX
A CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machine operates using gCode, a text file that provides a sequence of instructions for axial and sometimes rotational movements Typically generated by a CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) program, gCode can be viewed and edited in a text editor and is saved as an *.nc file Each axis is designated by a letter—X, Y, or Z—along with a number indicating the distance the machine should move along that axis To alter the machine's state, such as activating or deactivating the spindle, M and G codes are utilized.
4.2.1 Building Blocks: Blocks, EOB ,G01, Decimal, Comment, Sections
In programming, each line is referred to as a block, which concludes with a semicolon, known as the end of block character [EOB] The control flow processes each block sequentially, interpreting the entire line of code as a single unit of information.
The control system enables simultaneous movement along all three axes to reach the XYZ coordinates (62, 99, -1) at the end of the line, rather than sequentially moving to each axis This synchronous linear interpolation, achieved through the G01 code (pronounced "gee zero one" or "gee one"), is one of the most commonly used gCodes in machining Each G01 command is accompanied by an F word, which denotes the feed rate in inches per minute (ipm), reflecting a standard convention in CNC programming where letters are referred to as words.
Always include a decimal point when entering measurements on CNC machines, as omitting it defaults to the smallest unit of measurement in the control system For instance, inputting X1 is interpreted as X0.0001 on FANUC controls Developing the habit of specifying a decimal point is essential for accuracy in CNC programming.
In programming languages, comments play a crucial role as they enhance code readability and understanding In gCode, comments are denoted by parentheses, allowing developers to easily include notes or explanations within the code.
Comments can follow code too
Finally all programs start and end with a percent sign
Understanding program structure is essential, as programs can be divided into three main sections: safe startup, actions, and reset A brief example illustrates this structure, and it's important to note that the End of Block (EOB) symbol (;) is often omitted in modern controls, particularly when programs are executed from Manual Data Input (MDI) mode, which allows for direct code entry on the control rather than editing in a text editor or CAM software.
G00 G90 G17 (Rapid, Absolute, XY plane for circles)
G80 (Cancel Canned Cycles drilling cycles)
G00 X0 Y0 (rapid move to work offset)
G00 G43 H9 Z3.0 (instate the tool length offset and move the tool tip to 3 inches above the work offset)
G01 Z-0.25 F30.0 (plunge down into the cut at a slow feed rate)
G01 X20.0 Y20.0 F100.0 (make our diagonal cut at ẳ inch)
G00 Z1.0 (return to a safe height above the material)
G53 Z0.0 (raise the tool to machine coordinate Z0)
G53 Y99.0 (move the tool as far away as possible)
G53 X62.0 (park the spindle off to the side of the machine)
M30 (end the program, reset the control, return to program top)
The M6 command is a tool change function that invokes a subprogram to execute the tool change This subprogram requires a variable, specifically the tool number, to identify the appropriate tool to utilize The "nn" represents the tool number, which can consist of up to two digits.
So for example to put the tool away you would use
To pick up tool 6 you would type
4.2.3 Park the Machine, Machine Coordinates (G53)
The G53 command enables temporary access to the machine coordinate system, allowing the spindle to be parked in its overnight position This practice signals to others in the shop that the machine is functioning properly and is ready for use.
To ensure safe machine operation, always move the Z axis to Machine Zero before adjusting the X and Y axes Prioritizing the Z movement first minimizes the risk of crashes, as executing X and Y movements before Z can lead to potential collisions Careful consideration of the command execution order is crucial for maintaining equipment safety.
We are using Machine Coordinate System (G53) which is a non-modal code, meaning it only is active for that block For example, check out the following code:
First the machine would move to the G54 work offset, then it would move to machine home, then it would move to Y20 relitive to G54
4.2.4 Check Tool Length, Work Offset (G54), Tool Offset (G43)
The following code enables you to verify the accuracy of the tool length and work offset, assuming that the work offset is positioned at the top of the material While dFab typically sets the work zero at the bottom of the material, this approach complicates the code slightly, so it’s essential to grasp this concept first.
G43 H5 Z3.0; (Use tool length compensation, move tool tip to 3” above work offset)
Understanding CNC machines requires familiarity with essential G and M codes While there are about 200 common codes, you don’t need to memorize all of them G codes, which stand for General, are standardized and applicable across different machines, meaning once you learn them for one CNC machine, they remain consistent across others, similar to gCodes used in 3D printing In contrast, M codes, representing Miscellaneous or Machine, are specific to each machine Although many M codes, like M6 for tool change and M30 for program end, are standardized, the execution of these functions can vary significantly between machines.
A block must not contain multiple G codes from a single group (you can’t put G00 and G01 on one line) and can only contain one M code
Take 2 minutes to read over this abridged list of codes and try to memorize just 4 of them for now: G00, G01, M6 and M00
G43 Instate Tool Length Compensation (G43 Hnn Z3.0)
G90 Absolute Coordinates (almost always use this)
G91 Relative Coordinates (rarely use this)
It’s worth noting here that all of these codes fall into two categories modal or non-modal With the non- modal commands in bold above
Modal commands remain active until deactivated by another command, such as G54-59 or G01 Once a modal command is invoked, it stays in effect, and it's acceptable to repeat these commands for clarity For instance, G00 is deactivated by G01, so after declaring G00 at the beginning of the code, it doesn't need to be repeated until G01 is called However, many programmers opt to include G00, G01, G02, or G03 at the start of each line for consistency.
Non-modal commands, such as G53 and M00, are only effective for the specific line they are used on and are disregarded by the control afterward To execute two consecutive moves relative to the machine coordinate system on separate lines, it is necessary to include a G53 command on each line.
“my first program” above, otherwise the second move, Y99 in this case, will be relative to the active work offset (G54)
Our control features Custom Macro B, enabling the use of conditional statements and variables in gCode, particularly in the tool change script While a detailed discussion of Custom Macro is outside the scope of this document, we do utilize a local variable in the gCode, specifically #1.
This code stores the value (0.70) into #1 and can be called in the program by saying #1
O FFSETS
Offsets enhance the flexibility and ease of writing your CNC program When programming gCode, we focus on the center of the tool tip, ensuring that the coordinates X 0.0, Y 0.0, and Z 0.0 are positioned in a convenient and easily identifiable location on both the machine and the computer.
Origin: An agreed upon fixed point of reference for the geometry of the surrounding space World zero in the CAD model, machine home in the physical world
Work Zero serves as a reference point for all toolpath coordinates and generated gCode in a programmed part, similar to an origin However, unlike a fixed origin, a work zero can be repositioned within the referenced geometry, allowing for multiple work zero locations within a single CAM file When establishing a work zero, users can select a specific work offset (G54-G59) for output; if no offset is selected, G54 will be used by default.
Work Offset, or Work Coordinates, refers to a specific physical location stored in the machine control, functioning similarly to an origin point This location is relative to the Machine Coordinate System (G53) and can be accessed in gCode using the commands G54 through G59.
In practice the terms origin,work zero, work offset, work coordinates and G54 are all used interchangeably
Ensure that your work zero aligns perfectly with your work offset to avoid errors A frequent mistake is setting the work zero at the top left corner of the stock in the model while configuring the work offset at the bottom left corner of the part on the machine This discrepancy can lead to dangerous crashes during operation.
In CNC machines, including lasers, plasma cutters, routers, mills, and 3D printers, all movements are based on a home position, designated as G53 X0.0 Y0.0 Z0.0 This home position is where all axes contact switches to confirm they are zeroed For simpler machines like the Prusa i3 MK3 3D printer, movements are relative to this home position, which is located at the near left corner of the print bed, where the printer performs its initial purge and wipe before starting the print.
When using advanced equipment like a CNC Mill, it's essential to adjust the coordinate system for various operations For instance, you might secure a part in a vice for initial machining, then transfer it to the fourth axis for subsequent tasks Additionally, having two setups side by side can streamline production runs by allowing simultaneous cutting on both sides of a part Constantly measuring and locating the fixture in your file can be frustrating, especially if there are even minor shifts in position.
When operating a CNC mill, it's essential to specify a work offset before making any cuts For instance, if the vice is designated as G54 and the fourth axis as G55, you would start your program with G54 to reference the vice's position All subsequent movements would then be relative to the G54 offset To switch to the fourth axis, you would insert G55 into the program, after which every movement would relate to the G55 position.
To store the location of the work offset on the machine we need to record it relative to Machine Home
To set the G54 coordinate system offset for a machine home position of 0,0,0, you need to adjust the machine's settings to indicate that G54 is located at Y3.0 and X2.0, which corresponds to moving 3 inches away and 2 inches to the right Detailed instructions for making these adjustments can be found in the machine's manual.
Operation section See Reserved Work Offsets for FANUC in Create a CAM File for more on how we use them
When using multiple tools in a machining operation, tool length offsets are essential to account for variations in tool length Unlike a single tool setup, where the Z component of the work offset could suffice, tool offsets act as a variable Z component, ensuring precision during machining These offsets are modal, meaning they stay active until canceled or replaced, much like work offsets.
There are two primary approaches to work offsets: the FANUC method and the HAAS method Both methods involve storing values in a tool height registry, with designated spots for each tool number that can be called from the program using an H value, as illustrated in the Check Tool Length, Work Offset, Tool Offset example Detailed instructions on implementing these methods can be found in the Machine Operation section, while the following discussion will focus on the underlying concepts.
The work offset is stored as the distance in XYZ from Machine Home (G53) to the spindle nose, centered on the offset location
The Tool Length Offset (Hnn) represents the distance from the spindle nose to the tool tip To accurately determine this length for each tool, we utilize a height gauge on a surface plate and then manually input the measurements into the control system.
This method allows you to determine a work offset without the need to move the spindle nose to the specific location By simply lowering the tool tip and subtracting the tool length from the measurement, you can easily find any new work offset.
In CNC machining, the Z component of the work offset is typically a significant negative value, while the tool length is represented as a positive number When these two values are combined, the result is a negative number that approaches zero, creating a more accurate positioning for the machining process.
Each Tool Offset is stored as the distance from Machine Home (G53) to a known location In dFab we use the 3 in side of a 123 block off the table
To find the work offset, we make a relative measurement with any tool from the 123 block to the work offset and enter that for the Z component in the work offset
If the tool is long we will have a smaller negative number and if the tool is short we will have a larger negative number as the tool offset
The work offset will always be the distance in Z from the top of the 123 block to wherever your Work Zero is located on your material
When we make measurements on the machine, we NEVER actually move the machine to touch our stock
We always drive the machine close and use a 123 block, a precision ground piece of steel that has the dimensions 1”x2”x3”, to gauge the distance
To adjust the tool height, first move the 123 block aside, then after making the adjustment, slide the block back to check for contact Avoid forcing the block under the tool; instead, move it slowly to detect any contact If contact occurs, raise the tool by 0.001” and repeat the process This method efficiently and safely verifies the Z components of our work and tool offset Since the control allows for addition and subtraction, simply subtract 1” from the measurement to continue.
5 CNC Tooling for Wood, Primarily
Our discussion will primarily center on wood cutting tools due to their affordability and ease of use Additionally, relevant parameters and information concerning metal cutting tools will be included where applicable.
D RILL VS M ILL
Drill bits are designed for axial engagement, allowing them to effectively plunge or step down into materials Their flutes are specifically crafted to remove chips rather than to cut, making them less effective for lateral cutting movements.
Mills achieve optimal cutting performance when engaging with the material along the radius during rotation, known as radial engagement However, certain mills are unable to plunge and can only cut effectively when the side of the tool comes into contact with the workpiece.
T OOL L OAD
When the tool interacts with the material, it progresses along its radius while cutting This process can be visualized by imagining a side view of the tool making a section cut through the material.
To optimize tool performance, it is essential to maximize the axial depth of cut, which enhances the utilization of sharpened flutes However, maintaining a low radial engagement is crucial to allow space for chip removal and to prevent tool breakage from overstress This approach is particularly effective for finishing operations in pockets or for trimming material around the perimeter of a shape to achieve precise dimensions It's important to note that during peripheral milling, tools cannot cut deeper than their flute length, commonly known as cutting edge length (CEL).
When cutting nested parts from a plywood sheet in dFab, it is essential to engage 100% of the tool diameter radially As the cutting depth increases, removing chips becomes more challenging To address this, dFab calculates feeds and speeds to enable cutting slots that are twice the tool diameter in a single pass Consequently, a standard practice in dFab for tools in the FANUC library is to utilize a 100% radial depth of cut and a 200% axial depth of cut.
Step down is the vertical change in Z per pass also known as axial engagement
Step over is the amount the tool engages in X and Y per pass also known as radial engagement.
F LUTE T YPE
Below are the most common flute types available for router bits along with reasons for selecting a specific flute type
This affordable tool offers a good finish and is primarily utilized with handheld routers or router tables, though not suitable for CNC applications While it has the drawback of lower chip loads leading to longer cutting times, its benefits include low cost and minimal tear-out Typically constructed from high-speed steel with brazed carbide tips, these tools intermittently contact the material, impacting it with each rotation of the flute.
Due to their efficient upward chip evacuation and cost-effectiveness, these tools are ideal for roughing operations that prioritize high material removal rates over achieving a flawless surface finish They can cut deeper and faster than straight flute tools, but may experience tearing at the top of the cut because of the upward shearing motion The spiral design ensures that the flutes maintain constant contact with the workpiece, enhancing performance during machining.
These tools feature a shearing spiral that rotates counter to the upward spiral, effectively pressing chips downward and ensuring a clean finish on the top of the workpiece without tear-out However, they suffer from poor chip evacuation, which limits the depth of cut and requires multiple passes to achieve the desired depth Therefore, they are best suited for shallow pockets of approximately 0.200 inches or less.
The most expensive grind on a solid carbide tool features a unique design that combines both up and down spirals into a single tool With an up spiral section measuring approximately 0.200 inches at the bottom and a down spiral for the remainder, this tool is ideal for achieving high feed rates and excellent surface finishes on various materials, including plywood, melamine, particle board, and other engineered woods, while also delivering a quality finish on solid woods.
T OOL P ROFILE
Descriptions and uses of common tool profiles used when machining 2.5d features in wood on a CNC router
The end mill is a highly versatile tool profile commonly used in machining, capable of creating flat floors and vertical walls with sharp inside corners due to its negligible corner radius Primarily utilized for joinery and cutting parts from nested sheets, these tools tend to have a shorter lifespan compared to those with a small radius To enhance tool longevity, options with a corner radius ranging from 0.005” to 0.05” are available, which are particularly effective for machining steel on the Haas.
The radius of a side-viewed style mill matches the tool's top radius, making it ideal for 3D machining operations This design minimizes errors on undulating surfaces by closely following the toolpath, outperforming traditional end mills Additionally, these mills excel in pocket applications where strength is crucial, such as in enclosure fabrication The rounded edge effectively reduces tear-out when the tool engages axially at less than the radius.
These come in a variety of angles, measured as the included angle, so a 45 degree chamfer would be a 90 degree V-Mill Primary uses include chamfering edges, engraving, and lettering.
T OOL H OLDERS
Tool holders facilitate the integration of automatic tool changers, enabling pre-loading of tools with stored offsets in the control system This feature ensures easy and precise utilization of multiple tools within a single file The tools are securely held in the spindle taper using a draw bar, which applies force to either a pull stud or a race inside the cone of the holder.
In dFab we use CAT 40 tool holders on the HAAS and HSK63-F holders on the FANUC
5.5.2 ER Collet System and How to Assemble
The collet secures the tool within the tool holder, tightened by a collet nut Begin by selecting the appropriate size collet and snapping the nut onto it Insert this assembly into the tool holder, then place the tool into the holder, ensuring that the flutes do not enter the collet Additionally, confirm that at least ¾ of the collet's length grips the shank of the tool for optimal stability.
F EEDS AND S PEEDS
Each tool in the tool library is linked to specific attributes that are automatically selected Understanding these essential concepts is crucial, especially if you plan to use tools outside the library or work with Haas equipment.
To establish the optimal Spindle Speed and Feed Rate for your material and cutting tool, two critical factors must be considered: the recommended Cutting Speed in Surface Feet per Minute (SFM) and Chip Load While these parameters guide the CNC programming, they often require fine-tuning through hands-on experimentation and experience Various elements can affect both the Feed Rate and Spindle Speed, making it essential to explore additional resources for comprehensive insights on this topic.
Cutting speed, measured in surface feet per minute (SFM), is the linear velocity at which a tool's cutting edge interacts with the material being cut, and it is crucial for determining spindle speed Unlike feed rate, which refers to the overall movement of the cutter relative to the material, cutting speed specifically pertains to the speed at the tool's cutting edge Understanding the distinction between cutting speed and feed rate is essential for optimizing performance in milling machines and CNC routers, as it directly influences the calculation of spindle speed.
To grasp the connection between cutting speed (SFM) and spindle speed (RPM), consider a lathe where a part spins while the cutting tool remains stationary For a round piece with a radius of 1 foot, the distance traveled per revolution is approximately 6 feet, calculated using the formula 2*pi*r If the part rotates at 1 RPM, the cutting speed at the edge would be 6 feet per minute, equivalent to 6 SFM This relationship demonstrates how the circumference (in feet per revolution) multiplied by revolutions per minute (rev/min) results in a measurement of feet per minute (feet/min) Since cutting tools are often measured in inches, this formula can be adapted accordingly.
To determine the spindle speed (S) in revolutions per minute, you can use the formula that relates cutting speed (V) in feet per minute and tool diameter (D) in inches By knowing the cutting speed and the diameter of the cutting tool, solving for spindle speed becomes straightforward and essential for optimizing machining processes.
To achieve optimal part finish and protect your tooling, it's essential to maintain cutting speeds within the recommended limits for both your tool material and workpiece material Lowering the cutting speed can be beneficial, but exceeding the specified limits may lead to tool damage and unsatisfactory surface quality.
Chip load, also known as feed per tooth, is a critical factor in determining your feed rate, as it works in conjunction with spindle speed and the number of teeth on your cutting tool It represents the thickness of the shavings produced by the cutting tool during a cut, measured in inches per revolution for single flute tools or as advancement per tooth for multi-flute tools While chip load can be accurately measured when cutting plastic or metal, wood chips tend to break during cutting, making them unreliable for this purpose The formula for calculating chip load is f = F / (S * n).
The chip load (f) is determined by the formula that relates the feed rate (F in inches/min), spindle speed (S in rev/min), and the number of teeth (n) By rearranging this equation, we can isolate and calculate the feed rate.
While the initial calculations provide a solid foundation, it's important to recognize that cutting conditions can differ significantly and should be tailored to your specific needs Prototyping may require more time, so it's advisable to utilize safe speeds and feeds to ensure a successful first attempt in completing your part.
For optimal results in long cuts or small production runs, begin with the lower end of the recommended surface speed for your tool and material Gradually increase the speed until you notice a decline in part finish quality Once that occurs, reduce the speed slightly and then increase your chip load until you observe a similar decrease in finish quality.
To maintain optimal tool performance, it is crucial to adhere to the specific chip load designed for each tool While slightly reducing the chip load can enhance cut quality and ease setup, excessive reductions can lead to poor tool performance and increased heat, risking damage For tools measuring ½ inch and larger, a minimum feed rate of 0.001 inches per tooth is essential for effective operation.
Even with theoretically perfect feeds and speeds, poor part finish or tool breakage can occur if chips are not effectively removed from the cut, if the part is not securely held, or if the machine lacks rigidity To address potential movement of the part, consider reducing the axial load, decreasing the chip load (feed per tooth), or increasing the spindle speed For those unsure about settings for an unknown carbide tool, a good starting point is a chip load of 0.001 to 0.003 inches, with surface feet per minute (SFM) recommendations of 1000 for wood or plastic, 600 for rigid insulation foam, 80 for steel, and 500 for aluminum.
W ORK H OLDING
Machining parts can be securely held using various methods, with two popular options being a vice and vacuum systems A vacuum setup involves connecting a large vacuum pump to the machine, which utilizes valves to direct the vacuum beneath the part Rubber plugs help to further channel the vacuum, while gaskets prevent air leakage around the edges To protect the part during machining, MDF is often used as a spoilboard, providing a sacrificial surface that maintains the vacuum and transfers holding force The vacuum can achieve a pull of 13 inches of mercury, making it effective for production settings This method allows for holding parts approximately 12 inches by 12 inches, although smaller pieces may require additional support, such as tabs or screws When using screws, it's essential to model them into the stock and avoid tool contact to prevent damage.
CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) software generates toolpaths from CAD (Computer Aided Design) geometry In dFab, our process involves using Rhinoceros 3D (CAD) in conjunction with RhinoCAM (CAM), or Fusion 360 along with HSMworks, which is integrated into Fusion 360's "Manufacture" workspace.
This software is not covered in this manual and is exclusively taught through coursework Before you operate any dFab CNC equipment, your faculty will review your file with you Once you and your faculty feel confident with the file, you can schedule machine time with the dFab studio manager.
Do not purchase material prior to the review with your faculty, often design changes are made at this time that result in a change of material thickness or type
A good overview of this process has been created by Autodesk and can be found under https://help.autodesk.com/view/fusion360/ENU
Choose manufacture on the left under the Learning header
Below are important steps in creating a good CAM file.
D RAWING
Your model serves as the essential foundation for all subsequent processes, so ensuring its precision is crucial Frequently, you'll need to incorporate fixtures or stock into your modeling, as these elements assist the software in identifying areas to avoid or cut.
You don't have to be an expert in 3D modeling to operate a CNC machine; however, precision is essential It's crucial to understand the machine's cutting process and anticipate its actions when working with your design files.
When working on a project that requires simple shapes, it's perfectly acceptable to utilize familiar 2D drawing methods while handling the 3D planning through other physical means Many students tend to overcomplicate the process, but it's advisable to keep it straightforward Focus on drawing only the necessary shapes before moving on to the creation of your CAM file, ensuring a more efficient workflow.
Utilizing a laser cutter or 3D printer is an efficient way to validate concepts and designs quickly and affordably Prototyping with these tools allows you to identify minor flaws in your files early on, ultimately saving you time and effort Plus, you'll create impressive models or prototypes that can serve as eye-catching displays in your workspace!
R ESERVED W ORK O FFSETS FOR FANUC IN D F AB
We have reserved work zeros in dFab They are listed here as a reference
G54 refers to the top, near left corner of the spoilboard, aligned with the popup pins, which corresponds to the nearest left corner of your stock When establishing your work zero, position it at the corner of your stock with the lowest XY and Z values The maximum cutting depth on the spoilboard is set at G54 Z-0.010, indicating a breakthrough depth of 0.010 inches.
The G55 setting, located at the near left top corner of the table, is commonly utilized for cutting solid wood stock to enhance vacuum efficiency When cutting directly on the table, the maximum depth should not exceed G55 Z0.100, and it is crucial to avoid cutting all the way through.
To accurately set your work zero on the spoilboard, identify the near left top corner of the 30” by 60” board, which aligns with the mark on the table This corner corresponds to the lowest XY and Z values of your stock, ensuring precise positioning Remember, the maximum cutting depth on the spoilboard is G54 Z-0.010.
G57 –May be reserved on whiteboard check with studio manager, erase when you’re done
G58 –May be reserved on whiteboard check with studio manager, erase when you’re done
G59 –May be reserved on whiteboard check with studio manager, erase when you’re done
T OOLPATH B ASICS
Do not include any extra geometry in the file, it can make setting the stock and clearance plane difficult
Input geometry is critical Simple mistakes such as drawing your input curve at the wrong z height will crash machine Always use the shortest tool with largest diameter possible
To ensure accuracy, measure your purchased stock using a ruler, taking X and Y dimensions to the nearest 1/8 inch and Z dimensions to the nearest 0.005 to 0.01 inches Be sure to measure from all four corners for the Z dimension After measuring, update your file with the new stock dimensions and verify the work zero location to confirm adjustments.
Extruded Stock: stored in file as “Regions Stock” (RhinoCAM)
Disadvantage – Only extrusions can be defined
Advantage – No separate layer needed, very easy to use,
Recommended to primarily use this form of stock definition whenever possible
From Selection: stored in file as “Regions Stock” (RhinoCAM)
Disadvantage – when hidden then shown after programming, your toolpaths will be affected because rhino will think you have added new control geometry
Advantage – Any stock shape can be defined
When using Stock from Selection, put it on a separate layer
Do not cut deeper than the CEL (cutting edge length or flute length) and do not break through (cut into the spoilboard) more than 0.010 inches
Profile: Intended for cutting shapes from a larger sheet, or carefully finishing a shape to final dimensions
The cutting tool follows the edge of your control curve or input curve, the centerline of the cut will be offset by the radius of the tool
In dFab, the recommended feeds and speeds allow tools to effectively cut materials to specific depths: they can cut up to twice their diameter in wood and foam, up to their diameter in plastic, and up to 1.5 times their diameter in aluminum or steel during a full-width profiling pass.
Pockets are designed for efficiently clearing materials up to a control or input curve and to a specified depth, with the option to cut partially or fully through the material While pockets can incorporate a finishing pass to size the walls, it is recommended to follow up with a profiling pass for precise wall specifications They serve as an alternative to profiles, particularly when small scraps might be removed by the dust collection system.
In dFab, tools can effectively cut materials such as wood, plastic, aluminum, and steel at speeds and feeds that allow for a cutting depth of up to twice the tool's diameter The optimal step-over for these materials ranges from 10% to 25% of the tool diameter It is crucial to pay close attention to the entry and exit angles, with a recommended helical entry of 1-2 degrees for metals, 2-5 degrees for plastics, and 10 degrees for wood or foam Additionally, care should be taken to avoid situations where the tool engages in slot cutting instead of adhering to the prescribed step-over guidelines.
Facing is a machining process designed to remove material from the top surface of stock to achieve precise dimensions along the Z axis The tool's center cuts up to the specified line, ensuring the entire part meets the required depth The step-over can range from 25% to 95%, while the step-down varies between 0.005 and 0.100 inches.
A drill is designed to create round holes by engaging a tool along its axis However, it can only penetrate to a depth of three times its diameter before needing to be retracted to remove accumulated chips, a technique known as pecking.
End mills are specifically engineered for radial cutting rather than axial cutting, making the way the tool engages with the material a crucial factor RhinoCAM refers to these entry methods with unique terminology, highlighting their significance in the machining process.
Plunge (None) refers to a tool's movement straight down at a specified plunge feed rate, functioning similarly to a drill without a pre-drilled hole This method of entry into a cut is generally considered the least desirable option.
The Ramp (Along Path) technique allows the tool to move along the Z axis while simultaneously adjusting in the X and Y directions to gradually reach the desired cutting depth This method is easier to program and less taxing on the tooling compared to traditional plunging It is particularly effective for nested sheet cutting and entering pockets For optimal results, the path angle should be maintained at less than 10 degrees for wood, 2-5 degrees for plastics and aluminum, and 1-3 degrees for steel Additionally, the ramp height should equal or slightly exceed the depth of cut to avoid plunging.
Pre-defined positions (None) allow for the drilling tool to initiate operation directly in the hole created by the drill, enhancing efficiency despite the process being somewhat tedious This method is typically employed in production scenarios involving machines equipped with additional tool holders.
Leads, consisting of arc or straight line movements, initiate from the part's edge or previously machined areas before engaging the uncut material radially They are particularly effective during finishing passes for pockets or when there is easy access to the part's exterior Utilizing leads results in a superior surface finish compared to ramps.
S IMULATION
Both RhinoCAM and Fusion360/Inventor HSM have robust simulation capabilities You must use the simulation to check for and verify that there are no collisions
Both softwares will display red for collisions in the solid simulation model and have the capability alert the operator of any collisions
Ask your instructor to show you how to check for collisions, this is especially true when cutting deeper than 1 an inch or when doing any 3d machining.
C HECKING G C ODE
After posting your gcode, review the text file to ensure that you got what you expected
Notepad++ is the recommended software for this procedure You can set up a user defined language which will make viewing gCode much easier
Go to Language=> Define Your Language… choose Import… and navigate to this folder on the server
\\picasso\Courses\_Student Resources\dFab\Resources\Notepad++ Language
Choose the gCode.xml file Save and restart Notepad++
You will now see gCode as a language choice at the bottom of the Language Menu
6.5.1 File Name and Post Processor
Your file name will be posted as the first comment in the file, double check that this is on line 3
Ensure that the post processor listed directly beneath the file name is the correct one for your machine, specifically the dFab FANUC post or the appropriate post for your equipment All dFab posts will clearly indicate "dFab" followed by the machine's name Additionally, you will find the name of the last editor and the date of the last edit below this information.
The default work offset, G54, from RhinoCAM appears on line 13, just before the tool list If you used another work offset, look for it after the tool list
In Fusion, the initial toolpath is labeled with the name from your setup, and the work offset appears as the first line beneath that comment, typically around line 19 It's important to note that our post processor is configured to utilize the actual offset number; therefore, do not adhere to Autodesk's instructions For instance, if you input 1, it will post G1 instead of G54.
For 0.70 inch plywood, the line will appear as #1=0.7000, typically found on line 21 or 22 This value represents the Z-axis distance from your work zero to the top of the material.
The machine will stop and prompt the user to check the tool length The number stored in #1 will be added to 3” on a line that looks like this:
This code enables you to set the work zero at the bottom of the stock while simultaneously verifying your work offset, tool offset, and stock thickness in a single step.
If you are using offsets G57-G59 and your work zero is set to the top of your stock, then change this to
6.5.4 Max Tool Depth and Break Through
Our standard work offsets, G54 and G55, are set at the bottom of your stock, aligning with the top of the spoil board Typically, the standard breakthrough amount is 0.010 inches, which means the maximum tool depth is generally Z-0.0100 inches.
To identify all negative Z-axis movements in RhinoCAM code, use the shortcut Ctrl+F and search for "z-." This method is more effective than searching for specific values like z-0.010, as it captures every instance of the tool moving into negative territory, ensuring you don’t miss deeper cuts such as z-0.100.
In code posted from Fusion360 or Inventor HSM the ZMIN values will be displayed in the tool list and as the first comment after each tool change.
S AVE A P ROGRAM ON THE N ETWORK D RIVE
The root of the network drive is located here:
\\picasso\Courses\_Student Resources\dFab\Shared\ FANUC
DO NOT SAVE YOUR FILE LOOSE IN THIS DIRECTORY
First create a folder, either in your class folder, or make a folder in “General” that is your full last name and save your files inside that folder
To keep your projects organized, we suggest creating a dedicated folder for each project within your main directory This approach will help manage the inevitable clutter of files, ensuring that your folder structure remains tidy and efficient.
The maximum length for your file name is 32 alphanumeric characters, but only the last 7 digits along with the nc file extension will be displayed in the control preview.
Below is a photograph of the control
The Control Panel, developed by FANUC, serves as the central processing unit for CNC machines, interpreting code and managing operational logic Its widespread adoption by various machine tool manufacturers highlights its significance in the industry Users can customize screen displays, access server folders, and monitor their code and current machine position through this interface Overall, the Control Panel is essential for managing displays, files, directories, and machine settings.
The Machine Panel, located on the lower section of the interface, is essential for controlling actual motion in the system It features the CYCLE START button and allows users to select various Operation Modes, including MDI, REMOTE, or JOG This panel is responsible for managing both the motion and the modes of operation effectively.
Navigating the various keys can initially feel overwhelming, but a closer examination of the Control Panel and Machine Panel reveals that it's not as complicated as it seems By understanding the function of each key, users can gain confidence in operating the system effectively.
C ONTROL P ANEL
We will go from top to bottom, left to right
To activate the labeled keys displayed at the top of the screen, simply press the corresponding button located beneath each label For example, the (CHECK) screen is currently active, as shown in the image below.
The two arrow keys on either side of the control panel serve important functions; the right arrow key, labeled as the CONTINUOUS MENU key, indicates the availability of additional options when a + sign appears above it Pressing this key will reveal more choices above the soft keys, and once all options have been displayed, the menu will loop back to the beginning.
The left side of the screen features the (RETURN MENU) key, represented by an arrow This key allows users to navigate back to the previous menu when a < character appears at the bottom left of the display Additionally, some soft keys, like (OPRT) for "operate," have associated submenus that will be shown upon selection.
Throughout this manual we use different nomenclature for [HARD KEYS] and (SOFT KEYS) A [HARD KEY] is a button which does not change; these keys have labels printed on them
The small key plays a crucial role in machine operation; pressing it halts the spindle and motion while resetting the program to its initial state Avoid using this key during tool changes, as it may disrupt settings and require assistance to resolve.
The input keys are essential for entering information into the input buffer, which is displayed as an editing line at the bottom of the screen The [INPUT] key transfers text from the input buffer to the control, while commonly used letters are readily accessible, and less common letters can be accessed by pressing the [SHIFT] key without holding it down—indicated by a ^ in the input buffer For example, pressing [SHIFT] followed by [Z] will insert a W into the buffer The [CAN] key functions as backspace, and [DELETE] clears the input buffer Additionally, [EOB] is used for a semicolon, [ALTER] overwrites selected text, and [INSERT] adds code after the word selected by the cursor.
[POS] Stands for position, pressing this will display on the screen the current position with the soft keys offering different coordinate systems Relative, Absolute, Machine, or Distance To Go
[PROG] refers to the active program, displayed on the (CHECK) screen, which also shows all coordinate systems along with the current G and M codes in use.
[OFS/SET] This key is referred to as offsets It is where you can store work offsets and tool length offsets
The [MESSAGE] key is essential for accessing the alarm screen or operator message screen Certain dFab code triggers this screen to show important messages To revert to the program you are currently running, simply press the program key.
This functions as a regular old “d-pad” up down left right used to navigate fields on the control Don’t discount the [PAGE UP] / [PAGE DOWN] buttons They are quite efficient.
M ACHINE P ANEL
We will go from top to bottom, left to right
The standard twist lock switch is designed to immediately halt all motion, including the spindle and all axes, ensuring safety during operation Always engage this switch before turning the main power switch on or off to maintain a secure working environment.
In the dFab facility, it is crucial to know that while pressing the E-Stop is acceptable during emergencies, some machines may disconnect power entirely This can lead to axis drift as the spindle winds down, potentially causing significant damage to the equipment before the brakes engage.
This knob will modify the programmed spindle speed M3 Snnnn (spindle on clockwise, spindle speed is nnnn)
The spindle speed during operation can vary from 0.5 to 1.2 times the programmed speed, making it essential for optimizing speeds and feeds when using a new tool or adjusting to different cutting conditions.
This knob will modify the programmed feed rate G01 X2.5 Y28 F200 (Make a cutting move at 200 ipm)
The actual feed rate during operation can vary from 0 to 1.2 times the programmed feed rate, allowing for precise adjustments This feature enables complete cessation of motion when needed, making it a practical option in specific situations Additionally, it proves valuable for optimizing feeds and speeds when working with new tools or cutting conditions.
The input control switches determine which mode will govern the machine's motion, with only one switch being active at a time It is essential to select the correct switch to ensure the machine operates as intended and that the control panel display reflects the desired function An indicator light above the active switch confirms its status.
We only use three of these modes in dFab
Manual Data Input (MDI) enables users to enter gCode using Text Editing Keys, facilitating the creation of simple programs quickly This feature is particularly valuable during machine setup for tasks such as loading tools, verifying offsets, or navigating to specific locations, offering a speed advantage over traditional jogging methods However, a basic understanding of gCode is essential for effective use.
The [REMOTE] mode enables the control to execute files directly from the server, making it ideal for running large programs created in software like RhinoCAM, Fusion 360, or InventorHSM This method involves central file storage, with data being delivered gradually and buffered in local memory, a process known as direct numerical control (DNC).
The [JOG] mode enables continuous jogging in specified axes by pressing and holding designated keys When using this feature, you can jog at a speed of 100 inches per minute (ipm) by simply pressing the key, or increase the speed to 600 ipm by holding down the directional axis key while also pressing the [RAPID] key.
When operating within 3 inches of a component, it's essential to utilize the Manual Pulse Generator (MPG), commonly known as the Hand Wheel, to enhance control and precision.
At the top of the device, there are two selector knobs: one for adjusting the axis and the other for controlling the step speed Additionally, a large wheel is marked with + on one side and – on the other, allowing for precise adjustments in both directions.
To ensure safety when handling the equipment, use the 4 setting to lock the hand wheel while passing it off or hanging it up, preventing any disconnection of the axis The selector knob allows you to choose the step amount, with the x10 setting providing 0.001” per click and the x100 setting offering 0.01” per click The x1 setting is available, but it is generally unnecessary for woodworking tasks.
In programming, the [SINGLE BLOCK] command halts execution after each line of code, while the [BLOCK SKIP] command bypasses any line that begins with a / character The [OPT STOP] command interrupts execution at any occurrence of M01 in the code, requiring the user to press [CYCLE START] to resume operation.
[CYCLE STOP] also called Feed Hold, this will pause motion immediately without completing the current block
The CYCLE START function initiates or resumes operation following an M01 command, while the PROG STOP indicator illuminates when the program is halted due to an M00 command, although it does not cease motion.
The [SPDL CW] function activates the spindle at the last programmed speed and is exclusively available in JOG mode It is essential for restarting the spindle after it has been halted during regular operation.
[SPDL STOP] stops the spindle, will stop the spindle while a program is running hit [CYCLE STOP] first or you will break a tool
[SPDL CCW] rotates the spindle the wrong way, do not use this!
P OWER U P
Ensure that the E-Stop is depressed
Turn the switch on the machine side of the control cabinet
Wait for the display screen to show the position page,
Do not hit any buttons until you see that position screen
Gently depress the E-stop and twist the outer ring to disengage it
Q UICK R EVIEW OF N OMENCLATURE
Throughout this manual we use different nomenclature for [HARD KEYS] and (SOFT KEYS) A [HARD KEY] is a button which does not change; these keys have labels printed on them
The CONTROL PANEL is up top with the LCD display, the MACHINE PANEL is down below with the E-stop button
Check out the All Those Buttons! section for a more detailed review.
L OAD AND R UN A F ILE
After posting your gCode in the CAM software, you should verify the toolpaths using the simulation screen to check for any collisions It's also essential to review both your posted gCode and toolpaths with your faculty member for thorough validation.
8.3.1 Ensure that the control is in Embedded Ethernet Mode
CONTROL PANEL: [PROG] (FOLDER) (OPRT) (DEVICECHANGE) (EMBETH)
8.3.2 Load a Program from the Network Drive (Set Your File to DNC)
Use the directional keys to navigate the folder tree to your file
To navigate through folders, press [INPUT] to access a subfolder and use the RETURN TO UPPER FOLDER option to move back to the previous folder Utilize the directional keys to select files, noting that files will have a file extension while folders will not.
Press (DNC SET) you will see the path appear in the DNC FILE field at the top of the screen
If you do not see (DNC SET) in the middle of the screen as a soft key, choose (OPRT) on the right, then you will see (DNC SET)
To view the position, active G and M codes, current feed rate, and gCode, press [PROGRAM] (CHECK) Once loaded, the gCode will be displayed in the designated field.
While running a job, the operator will have their index and middle fingers of their right hand covering
[CYCLE START] and [CYCLE STOP] on the MACHINE PANEL
To ensure optimal control, hold the FEED OVERRIDE KNOB with your left hand, thumb positioned downward, when the knob is set to 100% Practice adjusting the knob from 100% to zero twice, focusing on quickly returning it to the zero position.
Pressing [CYCLE STOP] will stop motion similar to turning the FEED OVERRIDE KNOB to zero percent
To ensure optimal performance, refer to the Spindle Warmup section for instructions on warming up the spindle before executing your file The machine is designed to automatically initiate a warmup process when necessary during file operation.
Ensure that [BLOCK SKIP] is DISABLED and the light above it is NOT lit
Turn the FEED OVERRIDE KNOB to 0% and press [CYCLE START]
Your gCode will be displayed on the right side of the screen Verify that this is the correct file by checking the file name in the first comment
The subsequent steps involve verifying offsets, which are detailed through comments in the gCode displayed on the screen You can easily follow these instructions by reading the comments highlighted in blue on the CHECK screen while running your file.
8.3.5 Verify Your Work Offset in X and Y
Press [CYCLE START] and slowly turn the FEED OVERRIDE KNOB to 100%
While the machine is moving, watch the machine in motion Always stop motion before looking away from the spindle
The machine will move to the tool change position and pick up the first tool (if different than the tool in the spindle)
To execute the next move to X0 Y0 based on your work offset (G54-59), focus on mastering the [FEED OVERRIDE] feature As you practice, visualize a target location along the motion path and work on stopping the machine effectively It’s important to note that the machine will automatically halt before any Z-axis movement at the /M00 line, unless the [BLOCK SKIP] option is activated.
Ensure that the tool in the spindle is positioned high above your workpiece while remaining near the designated Work Zero point selected in RhinoCAM If the alignment appears correct in the X and Y axes, you can safely continue If there are discrepancies, pause and identify the source of the issue.
8.3.6 Verify the Z Location of Your Work Offset
Set FEED OVERRIDE KNOB to 0%
Ensure that the vacuum is on
To begin the process, press [CYCLE START] and observe the DIST TO GO values Ensure that both X and Y display 0.0000, while Z should show a negative value representing the distance from the top of your part to the tool tip, plus an additional 3 inches.
Gradually turn the FEED OVERRIDE KNOB while monitoring the spindle's descent towards your workpiece Halt the motion when the spindle is about 4 inches above the material's surface At this point, the DISTANCE TO GO should display nearly -1.000, indicating that the Z-axis has approximately 1 inch of movement remaining in the current operation.
If the DISTANCE TO GO displays a value significantly different from 1 inch when you halt 4 inches above your material, keep the FEED OVERRIDE KNOB at 0% and press [RESET] on the MACHINE PANEL to troubleshoot the issue.
Once you have verified that everything is accurate, you can increase the feed override until we finish this code block Please note that motion will halt after this block, as the subsequent block is designated as /M00.
To ensure accurate offsets, follow the on-screen instructions to position the 123 block, which should be precisely 3 inches above the material surface and centered on the corner of your work offset If everything is set correctly, congratulations! You are now ready to run your file Remember to remove the 123 block and activate the dust collection system before starting.
After verifying that your work offset is correct we are ready to execute the rest of your file
Ensure that you thoroughly inspect each toolpath for potential collisions in your CAM software simulation Additionally, confirm that no tools are programmed to cut deeper than their specified cutting edge length, which is stored in our tool library.
Turn the FEED OVERRIDE KNOB to 100%
To begin machining, ensure the FEED OVERRIDE KNOB is set to zero and press [CYCLE START] to start making chips During the next tool change, remember to check the tool length as prompted, follow the instructions provided, and press [CYCLE START] to resume operations.