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Beginning Web Programming with HTML, XHTML, and CSS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii Chapter 1: Creating Structured Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 2: Links and Navigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Chapter 3: Images and Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Chapter 4: Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Chapter 5: Forms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Chapter 6: Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Chapter 7: Cascading Style Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Chapter 8: More Cascading Style Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Chapter 9: Page Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Chapter 10: Design Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Chapter 11: Learning JavaScript. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Chapter 12: Working with JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 Chapter 13: Putting Your Site on the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 Appendix A: Answers to Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 Appendix B: XHTML Element Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563 Appendix C: CSS Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607 Appendix D: Color Names and Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637 Appendix E: Character Encodings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645 Appendix F: Special Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649 Appendix G: Language Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665 Appendix H: MIME Media Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669 Appendix I: Deprecated and Browser-Specific Markup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715 59313ffirs.qxd:WroxPro 3/22/08 2:30 PM Page i Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. 59313ffirs.qxd:WroxPro 3/22/08 2:30 PM Page ii Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Beginning Web Programming with HTML, XHTML, and CSS Second Edition 59313ffirs.qxd:WroxPro 3/22/08 2:30 PM Page iii Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. 59313ffirs.qxd:WroxPro 3/22/08 2:30 PM Page iv Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Beginning Web Programming with HTML, XHTML, and CSS Second Edition Jon Duckett 59313ffirs.qxd:WroxPro 3/22/08 2:30 PM Page v Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Beginning Web Programming with HTML, XHTML, and CSS, Second Edition Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN 46256 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2008 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana ISBN: 978-0-470-25931-3 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. 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Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley logo, Wrox, the Wrox logo, Wrox Programmer to Programmer, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. 59313ffirs.qxd:WroxPro 3/22/08 2:30 PM Page vi Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. About the Author Jon Duckett published his first web site in 1996 while studying for a BSc (Hons) in Psychology at Brunel University, London. Since then, he has helped create a wide variety of web sites for companies of all sizes. He has also co-written more than ten programming-related books on topics from ASP to XML (via many other letters of the alphabet), covering diverse aspects of web programming including design, architecture, and coding. About the Technical Editor Ben Schupak holds a master’s degree in computer science and has more than nine years of professional programming experience for large corporations and U.S. federal departments. He lives in the New York metro area and enjoys traveling. 59313ffirs.qxd:WroxPro 3/22/08 2:30 PM Page vii Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. 59313ffirs.qxd:WroxPro 3/22/08 2:30 PM Page viii Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. [...]... the structure of a web page with HTML and XHTML, how to style it with CSS, and how to add interactivity with JavaScript Just learning about the latest technologies, however, is not enough to ensure that you can write great web pages As these technologies to write web pages have improved, so too have browsers (the programs and devices used to access the Web) Browsers have reflected — and on occasion even... learn how to create web pages, and for people who might have dabbled in writing web pages (perhaps using some kind of web- page authoring tool) but want to really understand the languages of the Web to create better pages More experienced web developers can also benefit from this book because it teaches some of the latest technologies, such as XHTML, and encourages you to embrace web standards that not... to write is based on what are known as web standards; HTML, XHTML, and CSS are all created and maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium, or W3C (www.w3.org/), an organization dedicated to creating specifications for the Web You will also learn about some features that are not standards; it is helpful to know some of these in case you come across such markup and need to know what it does (In such... Understanding Block and Inline Elements Grouping Elements with and Summary Exercises Chapter 2: Links and Navigation Basic Links Linking to Other Documents Linking to E-mail Addresses Understanding Directories and Directory Structures What Are You Linking To? What a URL Is Made Up Of Absolute and Relative URLs The Element Creating Links with the Element Creating a Source Anchor with. .. JavaScript to add interactivity to the web pages you create, and to work with the browser displaying the web page Despite the fact that you are looking at several languages, not just HTML, you can consider it a very good time to be coming to the Web because many of the technologies used to create web pages have matured, and favored methods, or “best practices,” for creating web sites have been emerging It... access the Web, but also help make your sites available to more visitors You don’t need any previous programming experience to work with this book This is one of the first steps on the programming ladder Whether you are just a hobbyist or want to make a career of web programming, this book teaches you the basics of programming for the Web Sure, the term “programmer” might be associated with geeks,... Requires from Your Site Summary Exercises Chapter 13: Putting Your Site on the Web Meta Tags name and content Attributes http-equiv and content The scheme Attribute Testing Your Site The Importance of Directory Structure and Relative URLs Validating HTML, XHTML, and CSS Link Checking Checking Different Screen Resolutions and Color Depths Accessibility Checkers Development Server or Live Server Checking... plenty of handy tips, tricks, and techniques for creating professional web pages Once you have seen how to create and structure a document using HTML and XHTML, you then learn how to make your pages look more attractive using cascading style sheets (CSS) You learn how to change the typefaces and size of fonts used, color of text, backgrounds and borders around items, and alignment of objects to the... idea of what else is possible and what you need to learn to do that I have included several helpful appendixes, including a reference to the XHTML elements and CSS properties There is an appendix that explains how XHTML and CSS specify colors Other appendixes show you available character encodings, language codes, and escape characters that can be used with HTML, XHTML, CSS and JavaScript Finally, there... to make your web site available on the Internet and how to get search engines to recognize your site The main technologies covered in this book are HTML, XHTML, and CSS You will also learn the basics of JavaScript, enough to work on some examples that add interactivity to your pages and allow you to work with basic scripts Along the way, I introduce and point you to other technologies you might want . Beginning Web Programming with HTML, XHTML, and CSS Second Edition Jon Duckett 59313ffirs.qxd:WroxPro 3/22/08. Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Beginning Web Programming with HTML, XHTML, and CSS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .