In the sense of “own” or “possess” 14
This is the basic of meaning of “have”, we can use “have” in place of “have got” in the present and sometimes in the past to express this sense
[3,80] Her father has a flat in westininster
In Vietnamese, we always use this word "có" to express the possession
Hình ngũ giác có bao nhiêu cạnh ?
Bà ta có với ông ta được 4 mặt con [9,11]
Phòng này có 2 cửa sổ lớn [5,51]
We can summarize the relationship between English and its equivalents in Vietnamese about possess in the following diagram:
Possession of physical characteristics 15 3 Possession of mental and emotional qualities 15 4 Family relationships 16
In English, the phrases "have" and "have got" are frequently used with nouns such as "black beard," "blue eyes," and "blond hair" to describe physical appearance Additionally, these phrases can be paired with quantities or qualities of substances to effectively convey meaning.
He has got longish, straight, dark hair and brown eyes
[17,33] This plant has (got) lovely russet leaves
[12,200] Our house has (got) five rooms
[18,217] The word 'có' is used in this meaning to express the possession of physical characteristics in Vietnamese
…Nhưng hai bàn tay có những ngón rất to vẫn thoăn thoắt quơ ra phía sau nắm từng bó lạc và bằng một cử chỉ rất nhanh…
[8,129] Anh cả tôi có gương mặt điển trai
3 Possession of mental and emotional qualities
With this sense, "have" and "have got" are combined with nouns like: faith, patience, a very nice personality…to describe character
She never argues with him because he has got such a bad temper
My grandmother did not have a very nice personality
She has(got) nice manners, but she has(got) a quick temper
In Vietnamese, we can use the word "có" or omit it but the meanings of sentences are the same
Cô ấy có những cách cư xử lịch sự song đôi lúc lại nóng vội, thay đổi bất thường
Delta còn có sự nhiệt tình, đam mê chân thật và một tài năng lớn có thể chiếm lĩnh thị trường thế giới
Huệ Chi là một cô gái trong sáng, tốt bụng và rất yêu thương mẹ Cô có thể chất yếu ớt, dễ xúc động, và tâm hồn của cô dường như luôn sống trong một thế giới khác biệt với thực tại.
The physical characteristics of individuals, which we can observe externally, often blend the traits of personality types 2 and 3 In contrast, their mental qualities are reflected through actions and behaviors.
Nouns (noun phrases) following “have” in this case indicate the relationship in family of subject who is being mentioned
Have you (got) any brothers or sisters ?
My mother has (got) two sisters
How many children have you (got)?
Bạn có anh chị em chứ ?
Là người con nhỏ nhất trong gia đình có sáu người con, Tống Mỹ Linh được bố mẹ cưng chiều nhất
Bà ấy có 2 đứa con riêng
The relationship between subjects and objects is easily identifiable in everyday contexts Unlike nouns, noun phrases that indicate physical traits or mental and emotional qualities are less straightforward This discussion primarily highlights the familial aspect of the subject's relationship.
Illnesses 17
Here, “have” and “have got” are combined with 'nouns' describing pains and illnesses to show the state of health, the physical condition, or suffer from pain, disability of subject
Mrs Brown: He feels very tired, he's got a headache and pain in his back Doctor : He has got a temperature ?
Mrs Brown : Yes, he has [3,86] The baby has (got) measles
I have a headache and a sorethroat I think I’ve got a cold
In order to convey this sense, the Vietnamese always uses the following words:
Bị chứng, bị, mắc bệnh…
Eg Ở Anh cứ ba người phụ nữ thì có 1 người bị chứng loãng xương và cứ 12 người đàn ông thì có 1 người bị chứng bệnh này
Nếu bạn đã mắc bệnh, bạn có thể dùng thuốc thay thế hoocmôn cộng với những bài tập giúp khoẻ xương
Con gái tôi bị sốt cao
[3,45] According to the above analysics, we can summarize the equivalents between two languages: English and Vietnamese in the table below:
Contacts with other people 18
(Means: whom I can recommend to you)
[12,201] Here, we should not translate “have” means "có" as its meaning as follow:
Tôi có một nha sĩ giỏi
Tôi quen một nha sĩ giỏi, người mà tôi có thể giới thiệu cho bạn
“Have” in this case only has meaning when having relationship or contacts with other people ; it lies on the social relationship
Have” with other meanings 19 1 “Have” in the sense of “ receive” 19
1.“Have” in the sense of “receive”
Eg I've had a phone call from Sue
[16,229] Did you have a letter from home this morning?
My sister has had a beautiful present from her boyfriend
As in Vietnamese, we use word “nhận được”, “tiếp nhận” to convey this sense
Hôm qua nhận được thư em
Cả một đêm không ngủ
[1,11] Mỗi ngày trong chuyến du thuyết, bà nhận được hàng trăm lá thư và quà tặng
Họ nhận được các đơn đặt hàng với số lượng 500 cái một tuần
2 “Have ” in the sense of “eat” or “drink”
In English, the verb "have" is commonly used in relation to meals, leading to phrases like "have breakfast," "have lunch," and "have dinner" to describe the three main meals of the day.
What do you have for breakfast?
My family always has dinner at 6.30 p.m
We also use “have” with this sense when we want to invite someone
Will you have some tea / coffee ?
A What shall I have rice or the minestione soup ?
B If I were you, I'd have the rice
In addition to the meaning “eat”, “have” also equates with “drink”
He always has a beer when he is wathing T.V
In Vietnamese, we usually use directly words : Ăn , uống, chè chén when we want to convey this sense
Eg Đã thế mà ngày xuân họ lại rủ nhau chè chén ngâm vịnh
Chúng tôi thường không uống sâm banh ở nhà
Sáng nay tôi đã ăn hai quả trứng và một ít bánh qui
3 “Have” in the sense of “organize”
We are having a meeting tomorrow to discuss safety precaution
We are having a party here next week Would you like to come?
In Vietnamese, the term used for organizing or arranging events like parties, picnics, or meetings is specifically associated with entertainment rather than significant occasions Words like "Tổ chức" and "sắp xếp" are commonly used in this context.
Chúng tôi sẽ tổ chức một buổi dã ngoại tại đây vào tuần tới
Anh trai tôi đã tổ chức một buổi tiệc nhỏ để mừng ngày sinh nhật của mình
Nam diễn viên chuyên nghiệp vừa tổ chức một buổi diễn thuyết về vấn đề nhân quyền
4 “Have” in the sense of “enjoy”, “experience”
The term "have" is frequently used alongside time-related words, holidays, festivals, or adjectives like good, nice, or bad, to convey experiences that individuals have encountered, regardless of whether those experiences are positive or negative.
I had a very bad night because of the neighbour’s noise
Did she have an interesting jouney?
They had a nice weather in the moutain last summer
In Vietnamese, this shade of meaning is often used in description and we use words : “Trải qua”, “thưởng thức” to translate it
In “Huệ Chi trước ngày cưới” Nguyên Hồng wrote:
Ngày nay, Huệ Chi đã trải qua nhiều phút giây kinh hoàng, nhưng cô vẫn không bị ngất xỉu hay có dấu hiệu ốm sốt.
Tôi đã trải qua một đêm rất tồi tệ vì tiếng ồn của nhà hàng xóm
Bạn đã từng thưởng thức những món ăn ngon tại nhà hàng Hoa Hồng này chưa?
5 “Have” in the sense of “encounter”
In this meaning “have” is accompliced with: Trouble, difficulties, problems and it refers to bad things which the speakers do not really want
Did you have trouble with customs ?
I do not have much difficulty with English Grammar
The farmers are having a lot of trouble with foxes at present
In Vietnamese , we use words : Gặp, gặp phải… to talk about it
Cư dân đảo Thanh Niên hiện đang đối mặt với nhiều khó khăn trong việc tiếp cận phương tiện đánh bắt thủy sản và các điều kiện cơ sở vật chất thiết yếu khác, ảnh hưởng đến sự phát triển sản xuất và cuộc sống hàng ngày của họ.
Tôi đang gặp khó khăn rất lớn trong việc thuyết phục cô ấy đi chơi với tôi
Anh có gặp phải khó khăn về việc kinh doanh không ?
In addition to its primary uses, the word "have" has several equivalent expressions in Vietnamese, such as "hiểu," "biết," or "biết được," which refer to an individual's knowledge or understanding of specific subjects or people.
His assitant has a good understanding of stock market
I do not have a thing about maths
To Vietnamese, the above sentences are translated:
Trợ lý của ông ấy rất am hiểu về thị trường chứng khoán
Tôi chẳng hiểu gì về toán học cả
Cô ta biết được nhiều quyết định quan trọng của giám đốc
“Have” is also equivalent to “buy” ( mua, tậu) or “take” ( lấy)
Her daughter had a villa in the centre of city
(Con gái của bà ấy đã tậu một biệt thự ở trung tâm thành phố )
Or I have no further use for this computer, so you can have it
(Tôi không còn dùng cái máy này nữa ,vậy anh có thể lấy nó đi )
From the above analyses, we have the general structure as follow:
Vietnamese nhận được / tiếp nhận ăn uống tổ chức
S + thưởng thức / trải qua + NP/NP biết / hiểu biết mua / tậu lấy
III “Have” as an Empty verb
The verb "have" is often regarded as one of the most commonly empty verbs in English, alongside others like take, give, go, and make It serves to perform actions by combining with nouns in place of other verbs, allowing these verbs to function as objects within the sentence When "have" is used as an empty verb, it carries no intrinsic meaning; instead, the overall meaning of the sentence relies on the nouns that follow it Additionally, these verbs can transform into nouns without altering their spelling when preceded by the articles "an" or "a."
I want to have a rest this afternoon
I am very glad to have you
I have a drink every evening before dinner
In examples above, "have" replaces the verbs "take”, “entertain”,
“experience” and the equivalents of “rest”, “enjoy”, “meet”, “drink”
We can arrange the empty verb "have" into the following groups:
Come and have a swim with us
My father is having a sleep on the sofa
Having a shower every evening in summer is very comfortable
Have lunch Have a drink Have a tea
I have a drink every evening before dinner
Have a chat Have a conversation Have an interview Incident
Have an operation Have a nervous breakdown
Pupils often have a chat in the class
Have a meeting Have a fight Have a difficulty Have a baby
We must have a try in the exam
Empty verbs are commonly preferred in written language over single verbs, as their use enhances sentence fluidity and prevents abruptness, resulting in smoother communication.
Most expressions with empty verbs mean the complete action
When using 'Have a walk' means a complete journey on foot which we do for pleasure
'Have a swim ' means a period of swimming from start to finish
One of the most common uses of " have" is in the imperative It's often used after 'Do' for emphasise or encouragement (L.G.Alexander, 1992)
Do have a go! Do have a try! Do have a shot at it!
Common cases of "have" in imperative are:
With countable nouns, we use the structure with a/an:
( Mời anh/chị dùng cam)
With uncountable nouns , we use the structure with some:
( Mời anh/chị dùng chút cà phê)
When wanting to offer somebody to use much more something, we follow the structure:
Have some more sugar, please!
Good wishes: (often use with an adjective) and they are considered fixed expressions
( Chúc tình bạn lâu dài)
( Chúc anh/chị vui vẻ)
Warning: According to L.G Alexarder, the expression with "have" can be coined to suit particular occasions
( Hãy cẩn thận/trông chừng đấy!)
Suggestions: When using with this meaning, it is like an empty verb without subject
Have a bath and a rest, you'll feel better
( Cậu sẽ cảm thấy dễ chịu hơn sau khi tắm và nghỉ ngơi)
Have a drink first and then a go
( Anh nên dùng chút đồ uống trước khi dùng các thứ khác)
In informal style, the imperative forms given above are only the common cases, we can still meet them in many other particular cases
From the above examples, we have the following equivalent:
Have +a/an/ some +N +(please) Have + a + adj(good, nice, long) +N
Mời + somebody + V Chúc + somebody + adj
CHAPTER III- USING 'HAVE' IN SOME CONSTRUCTONS
The verb "to have" is commonly used by English learners and can be followed by an object, a verb form, or other elements, each conveying a distinct meaning In these contexts, "have" serves as an auxiliary verb, playing a crucial role in sentence construction.
I.“Have” in the structure : Have + Object + Past participle
This structure can be used to talk about arrangement for things to be done by other people
The past participle can convey a passive meaning in a unique structure that does not rely on "to be." This form of passive voice is distinct because it focuses on the action itself rather than the individuals performing it.
Jill had the roof repaired yesterday
I must have my watch repaired
[ Means: I want my watch to be repaired by someone or I employed someone to repair my watch.]
Why don't you have your house painted ?
The order of factors in the structure is very imfortant, if we only change one of three factors leading to other meanings which the writer does not require
Let us compare the two following setences:
I had my hair cut ( I employed someone to cut my hair)
I had cut my hair ( I cut my hair myself)
This structure is also used to express more neatly sentence of the type:
“ Employ someone to do something”
In Vietnamese, common phrases include words like "khiến," "nhờ," "bảo," and "thuê," which often require the addition of "người ta" when translating to convey the full meaning of the sentence.
Căn phòng thì quá nhỏ và anh ta đang cho xây một căn phòng mới
Hôm qua, Jill đã cho người sửa lại mái nhà
Anh đã nhờ người ta đưa sữa đến hay là anh đến cửa hiệu đó đề lấy?
The equivalents between English and Vietnamese are summazised in the following table
S + sai (người ta ) + V bảo thuê
This construction can also be used in place of a passive verb, usually one concerning some accident or misfortune
She had her tonsils taken out when she was six
(Her tonsils were taken out when she was six)
George had his nose broken in the fight
(George’nose was broken in the fight)
Here, the subject is the person who suffers as a result of action
In other case, the subject could be a thing
The houses had their roofs ripped off by the gale
(The roof of the house was ripped off by the gale)
The cat had her tail singed through sitting too near the fine
(The tail of the cat was singed through sitting too near the fire)
Bùi Quang Đông translated the two above examples :
Mái của căn nhà đã bị cơn bão thổi tốc đi
36 and Đuôi của chú mèo bị cháy xém vì ngồi quá gần đống lửa
II Have in the structure : Have + Object 1 (people) + Verb (infinitive ) + Object 2 (things)
In this structure, “Have” means: ask or employ someone to do something; the speaker does not carry out the action but the action is done by other people
I have him clean my car
[4,237] Does she have the tailor make her a costume ?
She had him dig away the snow
As Bùi Quang Đông translated:
Bà ta thuê người xúc tuyết đổ đi
Or as Xuân Nguyên translated:
Bà ấy có bảo thợ may cắt cho một bộ quần áo không ?
[9,158] "An ninh thế giới" newspaper wrote
Công ty nọ vừa thuê được một cô nhân viên làm việc ở phòng máy tính
The infinitive structure is not common in British English with this meaning It is usually used in American English to talk about giving instruction or orders
I'm ready to see Mr Smith Have him come in, please!
In Vietnam, this structure is often used in the instruction of medical papers, in the advertisment, the order
Hai ông kia lấy làm phải lắm, bèn mời ông ta ra, nói hết đầu đuôi rồi đưa tiền nhờ mua hộ ngay cho ba cỗ ván
[6,55] Người quản lý bảo mọi người hãy ghi đầy đủ thông tin vào mẫu đơn
We have the following table:
III “Have” in the structure: Have + Object + Present participle
This construction is often used with a period of the future time in order to express the action which will be happening in certain future time
I’ll have you driving in three days
( As the result of my efforts, you will be driving in three days.)
Will you really have her driving tomorrow?
I will not have the film developing yet
The structure can also be used in the past or in the present:
He had us laughing all through the meal
He had them all dancing
I have them all talking to each other
[18,123] From analysis above, we can summazise in the following table:
S + thuyết phục (ai) + V gây cho
In Vietnamese, we use the words: Dạy, thuyết phục, gây cho to convey the meaning of " have" in this structure
Anh ta dạy mọi người khiêu vũ
Tôi thuyết phục tất cả họ nói chuyện với nhau
This structure is chiefly used for action which would be displeasant to the subject of "have"
If film-stars put their numbers in telephone books they'd have eveyone ringing them up
[18,123] However, that structure can be used to giving out the pleasure of the subject
When he became famous, he had people stopping him in the street and asking for his autography
The individual in this example, referred to as "he," experienced great joy when approached by fans on the street seeking his autograph This incident highlights the success of his profession and demonstrates his widespread recognition among the public.
IV “Have” in some other structures
1 Denoting orders, duties, rules, obligation
In certain contexts, "have" can function similarly to the modal "must" when it is followed by an infinitive without "to." In such cases, "have to" can effectively replace "must," creating a comparable structure.
Here, "Have" acts as a semi-auxiliary verb
You have to wear uniform on duty, don't you ?
[18,140] She has to make her children's clothes She can not afford to buy them
I have to work from nine to five
We should distinguish the differences between "must" and "have to" Must expresses the obligation imposed by the speaker and the obligation comes from inside (interal obligation )
You must wear a dress to night You can not go to the opera in those dreadful jeans
[18,140] Here, the speaker himself is ordering the hearer to wear a dress tonight, it is used as an order and urgent, important to the speaker
While "have to" express the external obligation such as : External authority or comment on another person's obligation; laws, regulations
In this office even the senior staff have to be at their desk by 9.00
The obligation applies to three subjects: I, you, and she; they are responsible for fulfilling their duties This construction is commonly used by teachers, parents, and others to convey commands or requests.
Now, we have to go
Oh, yes And you'll have to obey orders
"Have to" can be used to express the conclusion that something is certain
Edna is not in her office She had to go home
Only five o'clock! It has to be later than that!
This has to be the worst job
I have to go to work every day except Sunday But I don't have to work a full day on Sunday
[18,140] And "Will have to " is used to talk about the future obligation
When you leave school you'll have to find a job
The structure "have to + V" indicates a necessity to perform an action, reflecting obligations that are imposed externally rather than based on personal opinion.
From laws, regulations, agreements and other people's orders
In Vietnamese, when expressing this structure, we usually use the words and phrases as: Phải, buộc phải, bắt buộc phải, có bổn phận phải, ect
Có một anh chàng hai vợ, tối đến phải ngủ chung với vợ lớn ở nhà trong, còn vợ bé thì nằm ở giường nhà ngoài
Những ngày ấy, đã có lần Huệ Chi ngất đi và rồi phải uống thuốc vì ốm vì sốt thật
[8,193] Nếu cô trốn về Uỷ ban phải bắt cô thôi
From analysis above, we can summazise in the following table:
S + buộc phải + V bắt buộc phải
When expressing advice with the use of verb “to have”, "better" always follows it then the infinitive verb without to, we can give the structure
We use “had better” to give the strong advice or want to tell people what should to do or not including speaker himself
We've almost run out of petrol We'd better stop at the next petrol station to fill up
[15,209] You'd better turn that music down before your Dad gets angry
He said(that) Ann'd better hurry
If you don't follow the advice, you can have some troubles
I have to meet Tom in ten minutes, I'd better go now or I'll be late
In other cases, "Had better" may give a threat With this sense, "had better" is used in informal ways or in impolite request
Let us consider the following pairs of examples
(a) Could you help me, if you've got time?
(b) You'd better help me If you don't, there'll be trouble
In (a), the speaker gives the normal request with hope that the hearer will give him a hand In the case, the hearer does not help, there is no thing
In (b) the speaker seems to be angry or can do the bad thing to the hearer if he does not help; this request is as an threat, an order
Have” in Imperative 26
One of the most common uses of " have" is in the imperative It's often used after 'Do' for emphasise or encouragement (L.G.Alexander, 1992)
Do have a go! Do have a try! Do have a shot at it!
Common cases of "have" in imperative are:
With countable nouns, we use the structure with a/an:
( Mời anh/chị dùng cam)
With uncountable nouns , we use the structure with some:
( Mời anh/chị dùng chút cà phê)
When wanting to offer somebody to use much more something, we follow the structure:
Have some more sugar, please!
Good wishes: (often use with an adjective) and they are considered fixed expressions
( Chúc tình bạn lâu dài)
( Chúc anh/chị vui vẻ)
Warning: According to L.G Alexarder, the expression with "have" can be coined to suit particular occasions
( Hãy cẩn thận/trông chừng đấy!)
Suggestions: When using with this meaning, it is like an empty verb without subject
Have a bath and a rest, you'll feel better
( Cậu sẽ cảm thấy dễ chịu hơn sau khi tắm và nghỉ ngơi)
Have a drink first and then a go
( Anh nên dùng chút đồ uống trước khi dùng các thứ khác)
In informal style, the imperative forms given above are only the common cases, we can still meet them in many other particular cases
From the above examples, we have the following equivalent:
Have +a/an/ some +N +(please) Have + a + adj(good, nice, long) +N
Mời + somebody + V Chúc + somebody + adj
USING "HAVE" IN SOME CONSTRUCTIONS 29
Have”in the structure: Have + Object +Past participle 29 I “Have”in the structure : Have + Object 1 + Verb + Object 2 31
This structure can be used to talk about arrangement for things to be done by other people
In this context, the past participle conveys a passive meaning, representing a unique form of passive voice that omits the use of "to be," as it does not pertain to the individuals performing the action.
Jill had the roof repaired yesterday
I must have my watch repaired
[ Means: I want my watch to be repaired by someone or I employed someone to repair my watch.]
Why don't you have your house painted ?
The order of factors in the structure is very imfortant, if we only change one of three factors leading to other meanings which the writer does not require
Let us compare the two following setences:
I had my hair cut ( I employed someone to cut my hair)
I had cut my hair ( I cut my hair myself)
This structure is also used to express more neatly sentence of the type:
“ Employ someone to do something”
In Vietnamese, it is common to use phrases like "khiến," "nhờ," "bảo," and "thuê," often followed by "người ta" to convey the full meaning of a sentence when translating into English.
Căn phòng thì quá nhỏ và anh ta đang cho xây một căn phòng mới
Hôm qua, Jill đã cho người sửa lại mái nhà
Anh đã nhờ người ta đưa sữa đến hay là anh đến cửa hiệu đó đề lấy?
The equivalents between English and Vietnamese are summazised in the following table
S + sai (người ta ) + V bảo thuê
This construction can also be used in place of a passive verb, usually one concerning some accident or misfortune
She had her tonsils taken out when she was six
(Her tonsils were taken out when she was six)
George had his nose broken in the fight
(George’nose was broken in the fight)
Here, the subject is the person who suffers as a result of action
In other case, the subject could be a thing
The houses had their roofs ripped off by the gale
(The roof of the house was ripped off by the gale)
The cat had her tail singed through sitting too near the fine
(The tail of the cat was singed through sitting too near the fire)
Bùi Quang Đông translated the two above examples :
Mái của căn nhà đã bị cơn bão thổi tốc đi
36 and Đuôi của chú mèo bị cháy xém vì ngồi quá gần đống lửa
II Have in the structure : Have + Object 1 (people) + Verb (infinitive ) + Object 2 (things)
In this structure, “Have” means: ask or employ someone to do something; the speaker does not carry out the action but the action is done by other people
I have him clean my car
[4,237] Does she have the tailor make her a costume ?
She had him dig away the snow
As Bùi Quang Đông translated:
Bà ta thuê người xúc tuyết đổ đi
Or as Xuân Nguyên translated:
Bà ấy có bảo thợ may cắt cho một bộ quần áo không ?
[9,158] "An ninh thế giới" newspaper wrote
Công ty nọ vừa thuê được một cô nhân viên làm việc ở phòng máy tính
The infinitive structure is not common in British English with this meaning It is usually used in American English to talk about giving instruction or orders
I'm ready to see Mr Smith Have him come in, please!
In Vietnam, this structure is often used in the instruction of medical papers, in the advertisment, the order
Hai ông kia lấy làm phải lắm, bèn mời ông ta ra, nói hết đầu đuôi rồi đưa tiền nhờ mua hộ ngay cho ba cỗ ván
[6,55] Người quản lý bảo mọi người hãy ghi đầy đủ thông tin vào mẫu đơn
We have the following table:
Have” in the structure : Have + Object + Present participle 33 IV “Have” in some other structures 34
This construction is often used with a period of the future time in order to express the action which will be happening in certain future time
I’ll have you driving in three days
( As the result of my efforts, you will be driving in three days.)
Will you really have her driving tomorrow?
I will not have the film developing yet
The structure can also be used in the past or in the present:
He had us laughing all through the meal
He had them all dancing
I have them all talking to each other
[18,123] From analysis above, we can summazise in the following table:
S + thuyết phục (ai) + V gây cho
In Vietnamese, we use the words: Dạy, thuyết phục, gây cho to convey the meaning of " have" in this structure
Anh ta dạy mọi người khiêu vũ
Tôi thuyết phục tất cả họ nói chuyện với nhau
This structure is chiefly used for action which would be displeasant to the subject of "have"
If film-stars put their numbers in telephone books they'd have eveyone ringing them up
[18,123] However, that structure can be used to giving out the pleasure of the subject
When he became famous, he had people stopping him in the street and asking for his autography
The individual in question experienced great joy when approached by fans on the street seeking his autograph, highlighting the success of his profession and his widespread recognition.
IV “Have” in some other structures
1 Denoting orders, duties, rules, obligation
In this context, "have" closely resembles the modal "must" when it precedes an infinitive without "to." Therefore, "have to" can effectively substitute for "must," establishing a similar meaning in the sentence structure.
Here, "Have" acts as a semi-auxiliary verb
You have to wear uniform on duty, don't you ?
[18,140] She has to make her children's clothes She can not afford to buy them
I have to work from nine to five
We should distinguish the differences between "must" and "have to" Must expresses the obligation imposed by the speaker and the obligation comes from inside (interal obligation )
You must wear a dress to night You can not go to the opera in those dreadful jeans
[18,140] Here, the speaker himself is ordering the hearer to wear a dress tonight, it is used as an order and urgent, important to the speaker
While "have to" express the external obligation such as : External authority or comment on another person's obligation; laws, regulations
In this office even the senior staff have to be at their desk by 9.00
The obligation applies to three subjects: I, you, and she; they are responsible for fulfilling their duties This construction is commonly used by teachers, parents, and others to convey orders or requests.
Now, we have to go
Oh, yes And you'll have to obey orders
"Have to" can be used to express the conclusion that something is certain
Edna is not in her office She had to go home
Only five o'clock! It has to be later than that!
This has to be the worst job
I have to go to work every day except Sunday But I don't have to work a full day on Sunday
[18,140] And "Will have to " is used to talk about the future obligation
When you leave school you'll have to find a job
The structure "have to + V" indicates a necessity to perform an action, reflecting obligations imposed from external sources rather than personal opinions.
From laws, regulations, agreements and other people's orders
In Vietnamese, when expressing this structure, we usually use the words and phrases as: Phải, buộc phải, bắt buộc phải, có bổn phận phải, ect
Có một anh chàng hai vợ, tối đến phải ngủ chung với vợ lớn ở nhà trong, còn vợ bé thì nằm ở giường nhà ngoài
Những ngày ấy, đã có lần Huệ Chi ngất đi và rồi phải uống thuốc vì ốm vì sốt thật
[8,193] Nếu cô trốn về Uỷ ban phải bắt cô thôi
From analysis above, we can summazise in the following table:
S + buộc phải + V bắt buộc phải
When expressing advice with the use of verb “to have”, "better" always follows it then the infinitive verb without to, we can give the structure
We use “had better” to give the strong advice or want to tell people what should to do or not including speaker himself
We've almost run out of petrol We'd better stop at the next petrol station to fill up
[15,209] You'd better turn that music down before your Dad gets angry
He said(that) Ann'd better hurry
If you don't follow the advice, you can have some troubles
I have to meet Tom in ten minutes, I'd better go now or I'll be late
In other cases, "Had better" may give a threat With this sense, "had better" is used in informal ways or in impolite request
Let us consider the following pairs of examples
(a) Could you help me, if you've got time?
(b) You'd better help me If you don't, there'll be trouble
In (a), the speaker gives the normal request with hope that the hearer will give him a hand In the case, the hearer does not help, there is no thing
In (b) the speaker seems to be angry or can do the bad thing to the hearer if he does not help; this request is as an threat, an order
The phrase "had better" conveys a stronger sense of urgency compared to "should" or "ought to," indicating a more immediate necessity for action For instance, when discussing future actions, "had better" emphasizes the importance of prompt decision-making.
I really ought to go and see Fred one of these days Well you'd better do it soon-he is leaving for south Africa at the end of the month
It means: It would be better to meet him soon
In Vietnamese, when expressing this meaning we allways use the word and phrase words as below:
Nên, không nên, tốt hơn, tốt hơn là…
Một đêm Thản thỏ thẻ : Mợ nên về quê với mẹ một dạo cho khuây khi nào hết buồn khoảng dăm ba tháng rồi lại vào
[15,228] John: Bác sĩ bảo tớ nên ở đây một hay hai tuần lễ nữa
Bill: Và tớ nghĩ tốt hơn là cậu không nên lo lắng gì cả
[11,58] Trước khi đi cha mẹ anh dặn dò : "Muốn được lòng bố vợ, có khó gì đâu
Hễ thấy bố vợ mày làm gì thì nên bắt chước làm nấy"
[6,42] Comparing the sentences above the equivalent between English and Vietnamese is clearly given out in the table follow:
S + tốt hơn + (not) +V tốt hơn là
Finally, we can sum up the equivalents between English and Vietnamese in using the verb “to have” in this chapter as the following conclusion:
* Have = Khiến ai, thuê ai, bị….if the verb to have followed by an object going with past participle in the passive meaning
The battery is all right now I have just got it recharged
With this sense, “to have” is the arrangement for things to do
* Have = Nhờ ai ,bảo ai… and the verb following to "have" is infinitive without
I had a mechanic service my car
She has had my sister look after her house
The director is having everybody fill out a form
* Have = Phải, buộc phải, bắt buộc phải, chắc chắn là… when following “to have” is an infinitive with to
I usually have to work very hard
When do you have to be back?
One day everyone will have to get permission to buy a car
* Have = Dạy, gây cho, thuyết phục… If there is an object and a progressive verb after the verb “to have”
They have me talking to them
* Have = Nên, tốt hơn, tốt hơn là… If there is better and an infinitive without
I’d better ring him at once
You had better not miss the last train
Hadn’t we better tell him the truth?
Through all things considered in this chapter, we find that the same verb
“have” in English, we get different equivalents Each of the use, each of construction equates with the own shade of meaning of " Have"
This also proves that Vietnamese is very diverse so it causes quite much difficulty to learners in translating
To help Vietnamese learners overcome frequent errors, this chapter will identify common mistakes related to the verb "to have" and provide effective strategies for students to eliminate these errors during their learning process.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 41 1 Common mistakes 41 2 Some measures to leave out the mistakes 45
Each language has unique rules and characteristics, and since English and Vietnamese belong to different linguistic families, mistakes during the learning process are common To assist Vietnamese learners in overcoming these frequent errors, it is essential to identify them and provide effective strategies for correction, ultimately enhancing their language learning abilities.
Vietnamese learners often struggle with English due to the interference of their mother tongue, particularly in grammar When translating from Vietnamese to English, they rely on their native language experience, leading to frequent mistakes Additionally, errors may stem from a lack of intention and carelessness, even when learners are aware of the grammatical rules.
In Vietnamese, learners frequently use "bị" and "được" to indicate passive voice, even when these terms do not convey a passive meaning in contexts involving positive or negative experiences This misunderstanding often stems from a mechanical approach to language, where students translate word-for-word without grasping the underlying concepts Our investigation at Can Loc High School during last year's pedagogical training revealed these challenges when we asked 10th-grade students (10B 4 and 10A 6) to translate the sentence "Anh ấy bị nhức đầu."
(b) Gia đình tôi thường ăn sáng vào lúc 6.30
Many translators, when converting sentences into English, often rely on passive voice without recognizing the errors they create They mistakenly believe that certain phrases carry the same meaning as others, such as equating "Anh ấy bị ốm" (He was ill) with the incorrect translation of "He was a headache." This misunderstanding highlights the importance of accurate translation to maintain the intended meaning.
< About 48% of pupils from two classes did so – 10B 4 (20/53), 10A 6 (15/50)>
Or the second sentence (b) many pupils use the verb 'eat' to translate the meaning of word "ăn ", but not "have"
My family often eat breakfast at 6.30 o'clock
Meanwhile, English people use as follow:
My family often has breakfast at 6.30 o'clock
Thus, we should remember that English people say: “have breakfast”, “have lunch” and “have dinner”, but not “eat breakfast”, “eat lunch” and “eat dinner”
Errors in subject-verb agreement are common among Vietnamese learners of English due to the significant differences between the two languages English, as an inflected language, requires attention to tense, mood, number, and gender, which are not emphasized in Vietnamese As a result, beginners often struggle with these concepts and may confuse the correct forms of "have" for different personal pronouns.
They do not use “My brother has got some interesting books.”
“My brother have got some interesting books ”
“ Lan has studies her lesson.”
“Lan has studied her lesson.”
A common mistake among Vietnamese learners of English is misusing verb structures Many English verb patterns require the preposition "to" between two verbs, such as in "ask somebody to do something" or "invite somebody to go somewhere." Consequently, learners often incorrectly apply this pattern to the verb "have."
I have my close friend to post the letter
The using the article "to" here is not correct because English people only have the pattern:
In causative form without "to"
So, we have to correct the above sentences as follow:
I have my close friend post the letter
Distinguishing between "have to" and "must" can be challenging, as both convey a sense of necessity However, "have to" typically indicates that the speaker is influenced by external factors rather than expressing personal feelings.
I can't meet you on Thursday I have to work
I genuinely want to meet you, but my work commitments are preventing us from getting together When we use "must," we express our feelings and convey what we believe is essential.
( The speaker personally feels that he must go)
Vietnamese learners often overlook the distinction between "must" and "have," frequently using words interchangeably It's important to note that "must" is exclusively applicable in the present and future tenses, whereas "have" can be utilized across all tenses Understanding this difference is crucial for improving English language proficiency.
“We must go to work yesterday”
The above sentence is completely wrong because the speakers refer to the past tense The following is correct
“We had to go to work yesterday.”
In this article, we will highlight common mistakes in using existential sentences An existential sentence with "have" features a thematic position that is filled by a noun phrase, with the subject preceding the verb "have." The subject refers to a person or thing, directly linking to the verb "have" to express possession However, when indicating the existence of a person or thing in space, it is essential to use a different structure.
Although both “have’ and “there is/ there are” mean "có", we have to distinguish clearly before translating
There are some books on the desk (a)
While the two sentences appear similar at first glance, they convey different meanings The first sentence (a) indicates the presence of books on a desk, but it does not specify to whom these books belong.
51 in the second sentence, we know the owner of some books is "I" Therefore , we should be aware of different features in translating
2 Some measures to leave out the mistakes
Identifying and correcting mistakes in language learning can be challenging, particularly for Vietnamese learners who often experience mother tongue interference To minimize these errors, it is crucial for learners to limit their reliance on their native language during the process of acquiring a foreign language A key focus should be on mastering the verb "have," as a deep understanding of its usage from the outset can significantly reduce mistakes To enhance proficiency, learners can follow specific strategies and tips for effectively using the verb "have" in their lessons.
- Be aware of verbs in general, the verb "have" in particular
- Master the basic forms of "have"and its diverse meanings through that we can translate well in all contexts
- Try to find out the mistakes as well as the reasons for these mistakes After that , try to correct them to limit or avoid making mistakes later
- Do exercises and practise regularly with friends, teachers to have a comprehensive understanding of this verb
To assist Vietnamese learners in avoiding common mistakes with the verb "to have," teachers should clearly explain its usage and meaning This understanding is crucial for students to grasp the correct application of the verb in various contexts.
To express the illnesses or some fixed phrase which "have" goes along with
“to” replace for a verb in formal style Teachers have to show the good presenting, clearly explalnations to express those things
Firstly, writing the structure on the board and giving some simple examples as much as possible
To enhance comprehension, encourage learners to create sentences based on a specific structure After they formulate their sentences, have them identify the elements or parts of their sentences to assess their understanding, all without referencing the teacher's example on the board This approach promotes independent thinking and reinforces learning.
Finally, getting learners to make the sentence as they can
Followings are only some typical exercises which learners should do in order to improve their knowledge
Put the correct form of have into the following sentences Use: am having ,is having, ect as a future form
2 Don’t disturb him; he… a rest
Fill in the spaces by inserting the correct form of “have”
1 I … my house painted That is why there is all this mess
2 That dead tree is dangerous I … it cut down tomorrow
3 If you hate cleaning fish Why … you… them cleaned at the fishmonger’s? (negative)
1 Have you got a new ring?
2 I was a very intersting conversation with the milkman when my neighbour interupted me
1 Cậu nên mang theo ô phòng khi trời mưa
2 Anh ấy có ca phẫu thuật vào tuần tới
Making whatever other changes are necessary, replace sentence by replacing the word " necessary" with the verb "have to " in a appropriate tense or form
1 It may be necessary for me to do this again
2 It was not necessary for Caroline to take a taxi
3 It may be necessary for us to buy new types for a car
Re- writing the following sentences still keep the same meaning
1 It’s good for me to get back to work
2 I advise you to put your money in the bank
3 She advised me to go there
Re -write the sentences using a “ have + object + past participle” construction
1 I pay a garage to service my car
2 An artist is painting her portrait She …
3 They arranged for the police to arrest the man
In conclusion, the verb "to have" is one of the three fundamental verbs in English, alongside "to be" and "to do," and its study represents just a small segment of English grammar This examination reveals similarities in the usage of "to have" between English and Vietnamese, as both languages share a fundamental meaning for the verb However, its interpretation can vary based on context, the speaker's intent, and surrounding sentences Notably, "to have" can convey possession when used with nouns or noun phrases, or it can serve as a substitute for the verb "receive."
“organize”, etc when functioning as an empty verb