INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Vietnam ranks as Asia's third-largest footwear manufacturing country and the world's fourth-largest producer, following China, India, and Brazil Annually, the nation produces over 760 million pairs of footwear, including leather, canvas, sports shoes, and sandals, with production increasing by 150 percent in recent years Vietnamese footwear has successfully entered challenging markets such as the United States, the European Union, and Japan, along with over 50 other international markets In 2017, footwear exports accounted for nearly 10 percent of the national export turnover, making it the fourth-largest among Vietnam's top ten export products and providing thousands of jobs for workers.
The footwear manufacturing industry presents both opportunities and challenges for newcomers This study delves into the essential terminologies and practices relevant to students aspiring to enter the shoe and footwear sector While the industry is well-known, it remains a relatively new field of study for beginners Through practical experience and research, the author discovered that the specialized terminology is diverse and includes unique transformation and construction rules Understanding these concepts is crucial for learners to gain in-depth knowledge about the footwear manufacturing industry Consequently, students who prepare in advance for their career paths in footwear production will be better equipped for success in their chosen field.
Aims of the study
This study focuses on translating English terminology related to the footwear manufacturing industry into Vietnamese, highlighting commonly used terms within the field The objective is to enhance understanding and communication in the footwear sector by identifying key vocabulary and its applications.
Collecting and presenting common-used English terminologies in Footwear manufacturing industry
Giving you an overview, creating a base for you to learn and improve your knowledge
Providing Vietnamese equivalents or expressions of the translation
Analyzing preliminarily translation strategies and procedures employed in the translation of these English terms into Vietnamese
This study aims to enhance readers' understanding of the terminology associated with the footwear manufacturing industry, facilitating effective translation of both written texts and visual presentations.
Scope of the study
This study focuses on commonly-used English terminologies in Footwear manufacturing industry and equivalent meanings in Vietnamese and analysis as well as efficient way of translating Footwear Industry terms
This study has been carried out from its specialized books, analysis posts on the Internet and especially in several current workshops
Because of limited time and knowledge, mistakes and shortcomings are unavoidable part of the process.
Methodology of the study
This study followed through qualitive mothod that approaches concepts and methods from the academic field to provide insights into the problem,
This article compiles English-Vietnamese terminology sourced from the internet and personal documents, providing valuable illustrations to enhance readers' understanding of the footwear manufacturing industry.
Design of the study
My study is divided into three parts:
Part I Introduction: The rationale, aims, methods, scope and the design of the study are mentioned
Part II the Development Chapter I is an overview of theoretical background includes definitions, methods of translation-ESP translation,
Chapter II mentions definitions and their equivalences, which aims at finding the popularity of footwear manufacturing terms and their translation from English into Vietnamese
Chapter III finds out some difficulties faced by students when translating Footwear terms
Part III the Conclusion indicates limitations and difficulties of the study as well as some sugestions for further research
PART TWO: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER ONE: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
TRANSLATION THEORY
There are many definitions of translation:
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text (Wikipedia)
Translation is a cognitive process that involves converting the meaning of a text from one language to another It entails the transfer of linguistic elements from the source language to their corresponding equivalents in the target language Essentially, translation facilitates the communication of a text's content across different languages (Foster, 1958).
According to Ghazala (1995), "translation is generally used to refer to all the process and methods used to convey the meaning of the source language in to the target language
According to Catford (1995), translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)
Translation can be understand as the process of translating words or text from one language into another (Oxford dictionary)
Translation encompasses a variety of methods, each employing distinct strategies and techniques Peter Newmark identified eight primary translation methods: word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, adaptation, free translation, idiomatic translation, and communicative translation.
The SL (source language) word order is preserved and the word translated singly by their most common meanings out of context Cultural words are translated literally
This kind of translation used for understand the mechanics of the SL or construe a difficult text as pre-translation process
In the translation process, SL grammatical constructions are adapted to their closest TL equivalents, while lexical words are translated individually and out of context This pre-translation phase highlights issues that need to be addressed.
The article aims to accurately convey the original contextual meaning while adhering to the grammatical structures of the target language It effectively transfers cultural terminology and maintains the level of grammatical and lexical variation from the source language norms The focus is on being fully faithful to the author's intentions and the realization of the text.
Semantic translation prioritizes the aesthetic value of the source language (SL) text, allowing for compromises on meaning to preserve elements like assonance, wordplay, and repetition in the final version Unlike faithful translation, which adheres strictly to cultural equivalence and often imposes rigid constraints, semantic translation offers greater flexibility and makes minimal concessions to the target readership.
This is the “freest” form of translation mainly used for plays and poetry: themes/characters/plots preserved, the SL culture converted to the TL culture and text is rewritten
(From A Textbook of Translation by P.Newmark)
This method reproduces the matter without the manner, or the content without the form of the original It is usually a paraphrase much longer than the original
The emphasis is on the substance of the target text rather than its structure, indicating that the same ideas are conveyed in the target text through varying grammatical forms.
It reproduces the “message” of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms
Communicative translation attempts t render the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the readership
Equivalence is one of the procedures used in translation
According to Catford (1988), he defined translation as the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in other language (TL)
Halverson (1997) describes equivalence as the relationship between two entities, highlighting their similarity in various qualities Pym (1992) critiques this concept for its circular nature, where equivalence defines translation and vice versa Translation theorists have explored equivalence in the context of the translation process, employing both quantitative and qualitative approaches.
According to Kade (1968) and Hann (1992), divided equivalences by lexical equivalence into 4 types
+ The first type: one-to-one equivalence When a single expression in the target language for a single source language is used
+ The second: one-to-many equivalence When more than one TL expression for a single SL expression is used
+ Thirdly: one-to-part-of-one equivalence When a TL expression covers part of a concept designated by a single SL expression
+ The last: nil equivalence happens when there is no TL expression for an
Three linguistic researchers, Eugene A Nida, Koller, and Baker, are recognized as the founders of significant translation approaches Their major works led to the development of three subdivisions within the qualitative approach: function-based, meaning-based, and form-based approaches.
Eugene A Nida (1964) categorized translation methods into two types: formal equivalence, now known as formal correspondence, and dynamic equivalence Formal correspondence prioritizes both the form and content of the original text, making it suitable for contexts like the Bible, international diplomacy, and legal documents In contrast, dynamic equivalence focuses on enhancing the readability of the text for the audience.
* Werner Koller (1977) considered five levels of equivalence:
+'denotative equivalence' refers to the case where the ST and the TT have the same denotations, that is conveying the same extra linguistic facts;
+ 'connotative equivalence', also referred to as 'stylistic equivalence', is related to the lexical choices between near synonyms;
+'text normative' refers to text types, i.e., the description and analysis of a variety of texts behaving differently;
+'pragmatic equivalence', also called 'communicative equivalence', is oriented towards the receptor of the text, as he should receive the same effect that the original text produces on its readers;
+'formal equivalence', may also be referred to as 'expressive equivalence', is related to the word-for-word rendition of forms, aesthetic and stylistic features of the ST
Baker (1992) introduces five levels of equivalence:
+ equivalence at word level is taken into consideration Baker defines the term
The article discusses how the word "word" can have varying meanings across different languages and connects this concept to morphemes Baker highlights challenges that arise at both the word level and beyond, and subsequently offers strategies to effectively address these issues.
Grammatical equivalence highlights the variation in grammatical categories among different languages This diversity can lead to challenges in establishing direct correspondences in the target language (TL), as grammatical rules may differ significantly across languages.
+ textual equivalence refers to the equivalence between a SL text and a TL text regarding information and cohesion Whether the cohesive relations between TL and
SL should be maintained depends on three main factors, that is, the target audience, the purpose of the translation and the text type
Pragmatic equivalence focuses on conveying the implied meanings of the source language (SL) text A translator's responsibility is to identify these nuances and reproduce them in the target language (TL) text, ensuring that the intended message is clearly understood by the TL audience without any cultural misunderstandings.
ESP translation
English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is a specialized branch of English language education aimed at university students and professionals, focusing on the specific vocabulary and skills required for their fields This approach encompasses various professions, including Technical English, Scientific English, and English for medical professionals or tourism As defined by Strevens (1988), ESP is a unique instance within the broader category of special purpose language teaching, characterized by both variable and absolute features.
ESP may be, but is not necessarily:
+restricted as to the language skills to be learned (reading only, speech recognition, etc)
+not taught according to any pre-ordained methodology
+ English for specific purpose (ESP) is defined to meet specific needs of the learners (Maslow's hierarchy of needs)
+ ESP makes use of underlying methodology and activities of the discipline it serves
+ ESP is centered on the language appropriate to these activities in terms of grammar, linguistics/lexis, register, study skills, discourse and genre
But Dudley-Evans (1988) defined in some absolute and variable characteristics
+ ESP may be related to or designed for specific disciplines
+ ESP may use, in specific teaching situations, a different methodology from that of General English
+ ESP is defined to meet specific needs of the learners
+ ESP makes use of underlying methodology and activities of the discipline it serves
+ ESP is likely to be designed for adult learners, either at a tertiary level institution or in a professional work situation It could, however, be for learners at secondary school level
+ ESP is generally designed for intermediate or advanced students
+ Most ESP courses assume some basic knowledge of the language systems
According to David Carter (1983), there are three types of ESP:
• English for Academic and Occupational Purposes
Mackay and Mountford (1978) emphasize the distinction between restricted language and full language by stating that the language used in international air-traffic control is "special," as it requires a limited set of vocabulary tailored to specific situations, similar to the linguistic needs of a dining-room waiter or air hostess However, these restricted repertoires do not constitute a language; for instance, a tourist phrase book lacks the grammatical depth necessary for effective communication Consequently, proficiency in a restricted 'language' does not equip a speaker to engage in novel situations or contexts beyond their specific vocational environment.
According to Carter (1983) the second type is English for Academic and
In the “Tree of ELT” Hutchinson and Waters (1987) describes the classification of ESP in detail:
English for Science &Technology EOP English for Medical purposes
English Management, Finance & Economics English for Legal purposes
ESP English for Medical purposes English for Professional Purposes
Pre-vocationapurposes English for Occupational Purposes
“Tree of ELT”- Hutchinson and Waters (1987)
Technical translation refers to the specialized translation of documents created by technical writers, such as owner’s manuals and user guides This type of translation focuses on texts related to technological fields and the practical application of scientific and technological information.
Sofer (199) identifies a key distinction in translation: the divide between literary and technical translation Literary translation encompasses genres like fiction, poetry, drama, and the humanities, typically executed by writers or translators who possess a strong literary sensibility in the target language In contrast, technical translation is performed by a larger pool of practitioners and represents a rapidly growing field with abundant opportunities.
Newmark (1981) distinguishes between technical and institutional translation, defining technical translation as a subset of specialized translation that is potentially non-cultural and universal, as technological benefits extend beyond specific speech communities In contrast, institutional translation pertains to areas such as politics, commerce, and finance, making it inherently cultural; thus, terms are typically transferred unless related to international organizations Despite their differing perspectives, both authors recognize technical translation as a form of specialized translation characterized by its essential element: specialized terms.
Terminology
There are various definitions of terminology by many linguists I would like to quote some popular definitions:
Terminology is the study of terms and their specific meanings within particular contexts, which can differ from everyday language It encompasses words, compound words, and multi-word expressions that hold precise meanings relevant to specific fields such as science, art, or professions Unlike lexicography, which focuses on the meanings of words, terminology examines concepts and their interrelationships within specialized domains According to the Advanced Oxford Dictionary, terminology refers to the technical words or expressions associated with a particular subject.
Terminology encompasses two key aspects: first, it is the discipline that focuses on the principles and methods for studying concepts and their corresponding designations—such as terms, names, and symbols—across various subject fields; second, it refers to the collection of terms that constitute the specialized language within a specific domain (Valeontis & Mantzari, 2006).
Terminology, as a unique component of the lexical system, possesses distinct features essential for its effectiveness Linguists identify key qualities of terminology, including accuracy, systematic organization, international recognition, national relevance, and widespread acceptance These characteristics serve as fundamental principles guiding the development and application of terminologies across various fields, such as science, technology, economics, trade, business, and manufacturing.
A clear and precise definition of scientific concepts is essential to prevent misunderstandings between similar terms Each term within a professional framework should represent a singular concept, ensuring clarity and accuracy in communication.
The meaning of a term is not merely the sum of its components but a combination of linguistic signals, as Luu Van Lang (1977) noted, where each signal carries a core meaning tied to specific contexts Newmark (1998) emphasized that concept-words can have varying meanings across different fields of technology Therefore, when creating terms in specialized domains, it is crucial to consider potential homophones and synonyms commonly found in linguistics Additionally, maintaining a one-to-one correspondence between concepts and terms is essential for accurate terminology translation.
Each term within a language occupies a specific position in a terminological system, requiring its meaning to be understood in relation to other terms When a term is removed from its system, its meaning becomes vague, highlighting the importance of systematism in terminology While terminologists may differ in their views on terminology's characteristics—some emphasizing systematic formation and others focusing on content—it's essential to recognize that both content and expression form are integral Ultimately, a concept cannot be isolated from its system without affecting its status as a term.
Terminologies are specialized words that convey common scientific concepts, facilitating development, cooperation, and technological exchanges among countries globally Globalization has popularized the use of these terms across various languages, accelerating international scientific progress Each language may adopt different principles for terminology based on cultural context, leading to the internationalization of numerous terms, particularly in fields like medicine—covering illnesses and pharmaceuticals—as well as in business and commerce, including economic and trade acronyms.
WTO “Word Trade Organization” – Tổ Chức Thương Mại Quốc Tế NEDO “National Economic Development Council” – Hội đồng Phát Triển Kinh
Tế Quốc Gia VAT “Valued added tax” – Thuế giá trị gia tăng ISSN “ International Standard Serial Standard” - Mã SốTiêu Chuẩn Quốc Tế
Terminology is a unique linguistic unit within a language that is specific to a profession and is inherently tied to the national language In Vietnam, terminologies must reflect the rich cultural heritage and distinctive characteristics of the Vietnamese language It is essential that these terms resonate with the Vietnamese people, encompassing both lexicological and grammatical elements that are appropriate for their context.
This characteristic can bring scientific and technological progress to all people
Terminology is a crucial element of linguistics that significantly contributes to scientific advancement, making it essential for effective reading, writing, speaking, and memorizing In the economic and trade sectors, clear and consistent terminology usage fosters better communication and understanding among individuals.
The International Standardization Organization (ISO 1988) outlines key factors in terminology creation, emphasizing that terms must accurately reflect the concepts they represent to ensure precise reference They should be economical to prevent homonymy and adhere to the phonological and morphological rules of the language Additionally, terms must follow established word-formation rules, allowing for necessary composition and derivation, while maintaining context-free meanings The process of term creation, both primary and secondary, is influenced by various factors and motivations Primary term formation arises with new concepts, while secondary formation addresses monolingual revisions or adaptations during knowledge transfer between linguistic communities Given the rapid advancements in science and technology, technological terminology is particularly dynamic, with both primary and secondary formations often leading to a surge in variants and synonyms to meet the demand for accessible scientific terms and product differentiation.
I.3.4 The distinction between terms and words
It is essential to distinguish between terminology and ordinary words
Baker (1988) explains that terms are distinct from words because they carry a specific reference, relating to unique conceptual entities, properties, activities, or relations that define the knowledge domain of a specific subject area.
Meanwhile words serve general reference, while terms have specific meanings within particular disciplines and retain their significance only within their knowledge systems The distinction between them is not always clear; many terms transition into everyday language through frequent use, while common words can become specialized terms in certain fields.
CHAPTER TWO: ENGLISH-VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION OF
FOOTWEAR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY AND THEIR
Definition of Footwear manufacturing industry
Footwear, as defined by Wikipedia, encompasses garments designed for the feet, primarily aimed at protecting against environmental challenges such as ground textures and temperature Shoes, a key type of footwear, facilitate movement and help prevent injuries Additionally, footwear serves a dual purpose in fashion and adornment, often reflecting an individual's social status or rank To enhance comfort, socks and other hosiery are commonly worn alongside footwear.
The footwear manufacturing industry produces a variety of products, including rubber and plastic footwear, protective shoes, house slippers, and slipper socks This sector caters to both men and women, offering footwear designed for casual, formal, and work settings Additionally, the industry includes shoes with rubber or plastic soles paired with leather or vinyl uppers, providing a diverse range of options for consumers.
The footwear industry encompasses companies that manufacture a wide range of shoes, including dress shoes, sneakers, boots, sandals, and athletic footwear, along with essential components like laces, buckles, and inner soles However, it does not include leather stock for shoes, which falls under the category of Textiles & Leather Goods.
The popularity of Footwear manufacturing industry translation
The language of the Footwear Manufacturing Industry (FMI) consists of a variety of terms, primarily single and compound words This study aims to introduce readers to some of the most common terminology used in the FMI, enhancing their understanding of the industry's unique language.
Single terms is a technique word that has its own meaning and found in a text
Flat Giầy dép bệt/đế bằng
D’orsay Giày kín mũi khoét hai bên
Lita Bốt cao trước, sau, buộc dây
Monk Giầy quai thầy tu
Oxford Giầy buộc dây có nguồn gốc từ
Pump Giày cao gót kín cả mũi và thân
Scarpin Giày cao gót bít mũi, thanh mảnh
Slingback Xăng đan có quay vắt ra sau gót chân
Collar(in/out) Cổ giày (trong/ngoài)
Lỗ xỏ/móc giày, có bọc 2 mảnh
(eyestay) chứa vật liệu kim loại, nhựa hoặc cao su 2 đầu, ngăn cho lỗ không bị rách ( Deserd boots l có 2 mảnh này)
Lace Dây giày Được làm từ vải, thun hoặc bằng da.
Phần trang trí ở mũi giày, thuật ngữ thường sử dụng với dress shoes cho nam
Lưỡi gà là lớp đệm nằm giữa mui giày và mu bàn chân, có chức năng che chắn phần hở của dây giày và ngăn chặn sự ma sát giữa chân và dây giày.
Thân giày trước của giày Tính từ phía sau mũi giày, đến xung quanh eyelet, tongue cho đến gần phần quarter
Welt là một mảnh da hoặc vật liệu tổng hợp nằm ở vị trí tiếp giáp giữa phần upper và sole của giày, thường nằm phẳng trên rìa của sole Tuy nhiên, không phải tất cả các loại giày đều có phần welt này.
Gót giày Ở phần rìa sau cùng của đế ngoài Tác dụng hỗ trợ cho gót chân, thường được làm từ vật liệu giống với đế giày
Single terms in the form of noun:
Noun-forming by suffixes “er”, “or”
Gladiator Dép xăng đan chiến binh
Beachcomber Giày/dép đi biển
Quarter (top/low) Phần thân sau của giày
Compound terms, primarily consisting of compound nouns and compound adjectives, play a significant role in the footwear manufacturing industry These terms are formed by combining two or more words, creating specific meanings that enhance communication within the sector Below are examples of commonly used compound terms in this industry.
After ski boot Giày sau khi khởi động trượt tuyết
Những loại giày với cổ cao ngang mắt cá chân hoặc chỉ nhỉnh hơn chút ít
Ankle strap Giày cao gót quai mảnh vắt ngang
Ankle Strap shoe Giày quai mắt cá chân
Army shoes Giày quân đội
Athletic shoe Giày thể thao
Baby shoe Giày em bé
Ballerina flat Giầy đế bằng kiểu múa ba lê
Beaded shoe Giày đính cườm
Bicycle shoe Giày đi xe đạp
Bluchers shoe Giày thể thao
Blusher style moccasin Giày phong cách blusher
Bond low cut shoe Giày cắt thấp
Bondage boot Bốt cao gót cao cổ
Bottom making Công đoạn làm đế
Bowing shoe Giày mũi nhọn
Boxing shoe Giày đấm bốc
Boy’s shoe Giày bé trai
Brocade shoe Giày thổ cẩm
Cement shoe Giày xi măng
Giày cao đến cổ chân với mũi giày lượn tròn và gót thấp được làm từ hai mảnh da riêng biệt cho phần mũi và gót Hai mảnh da này được kết nối ở cổ chân bằng một mảnh vật liệu co giãn như thun, kéo dài xuống dưới mắt cá nhưng không chạm đến đế giày Đặc biệt, hai mảnh da không được may chồng lên nhau mà được nối liền ngay dưới mắt cá chân.
Child’s shoe Giày trẻ em
Chunky heel Giày, dép đế thô
Comfort footwear Giày dép thoải mái
Cutting section Công đoạn cắt
Desert boots Ủng da dày, the lightweight boots with the upper made from suede, dressed with jeans
Doctor shoe Giày bác sĩ
Engineer shoe Gìay kĩ sư
Exercise shoe Giày thể thao
Fashion shoe Giày thời trang
Fishing shoe Giày câu cá
Flatly shoe Giày dép bệt
Flip flop Dép xỏ ngón
Football shoe Giày bóng đá
Footwear of leather Giày bằng da
Footwear of plastic Giày dép bằng nhựa
Footwear of rubber Giày cao su
Footwear of textile Giày dép dệt
Front strap shoe Giày có dây buộc trước
Girl’s shoe Giày bé gái
Gladiator boot Giầy chiến binh cao cổ
Golf shoe Giày chơi gôn
Gymnastic shoe Giày chơi thể thao
Heel wrapping Công đoạn làm gót giày
High heel sandal Xăng đan cao gót
High heel shoe Giày cao gót
Hockey ice shoe Giày chơi khúc côn cầu
Hunting shoe Giày đi săn
Ice skate shoe Giày trượt bang
Industrial footwear Ngành công nghiệp giày dép
Insole section Công đoạn đế
Bốt cao cổ chân với mũi giày lượn tròn và gót thấp, được làm từ hai mảnh da riêng biệt cho phần mũi và gót giày Mảnh da của mũi giày được may lên phần da của gót giày Giày được buộc bằng một sợi dây da kết hợp với khóa kim loại quanh cổ chân, với dây chia thành hai phần, mỗi phần nối vào mũi giày Phía sau giày có một vòng da để xỏ dây da qua.
Kitten heel Giày gót nhọn đế thấp
Knee boot Bốt đến đầu gối
Knee high Bốt cao gót
Leisure shoe Giày bằng da
Low heel sandal Xăng đan gót thấp
Men’s shoe Giày nam giới
Moccasin shoe Giày mô ca sin
Mold making Công đoạn làm khuôn
Mountaineer shoe Giày leo núi
Open toe Giày cao gót hở mũi
Open toe Giày hở mũi
Peep toe Giày hở mũi
Printing embossing In dập nổi
Rain shoe Giày đi mưa
Ridding boot Giày leo núi
Roller skate Giày trượt patin
Running shoe Giày chạy bộ
Safety shoe Giày bảo hộ
Một dụng cụ có hình dáng tương tự bàn chân dùng để đặt vào trong đôi giày nhằm giữ dáng, chống nếp nhăn, tăng tuổi thọ đôi giày
Ski boot Giày trượt tuyết
Sling back Xăng đan có quay vắt ra sau gót chân
Snow mobile boot Giày di chuyển trên tuyết
Sock liner Miếng lót giày
Stitch out shoe Giày khâu viền ngoài
Stitching section Công đoạn khâu
Một tấm vật liệu mỏng như EVA được dán vào lớp đế giữa sau đó phần trên được khâu vào vật liệu
Student shoe Giày học sinh
Surfing shoe Giày lướt song
Thigh high boot Bốt cao quá gối
Topline Phần cao nhất của cổ giày
T-Strap Giày cao gót quay dọc chữ T
Ugg boot Bốt lông cừu
Water-proof shoe Giày chống nước
Wedge boot Bốt đế xuồng
Wellington boot Bốt không thấp nước, ủng
Western shoe Giày phương Tây
Women’s shoe Giày phụ nữ
Wrestling shoe Giày cử tạ
II.2.3 Footwear details and their manufacturing process
EVA ETYLEN VINYL AXETAT; một hợp chất hòa tan thường được sản xuất trong một diện rộng
DISCHARGE ELECTRICAL MACHINE; một máy được sử dụng để sản xuất khuôn bằng cách đốt cháy điện các phần kim loại không mong muốn
PU Polyurethane: a polyester or polyether-based polymer used in both the outsoles and midsoles of shoes
PVC Polyvinyl chloride: a thermoplastic polymer used in shoe outsoles
CHAPTER THREE: DIFFICULTIES IN TRANSLATION
VIETNAMESE PEOPLE AND SUGGESTION SOLUTIONS
Difficulties
Translation is a challenging discipline that demands dedication from learners and researchers alike To excel in this field, individuals must not only engage in rigorous study but also strive to enhance their knowledge across various sectors of daily life.
Translating specialized fields such as the footwear manufacturing industry presents significant challenges Personally, I found myself perplexed when encountering the complexities involved in translating terminology and concepts specific to this sector.
One significant challenge in footwear manufacturing translation is the insufficient proficiency in the translators' mother tongue This lack of focus on enhancing their native language skills hinders effective translation, making it easier for translators to convert from Vietnamese to English rather than vice versa Consequently, they struggle to translate smoothly from English to Vietnamese, often unable to find appropriate words in their native language, despite having a strong understanding of the source document.
Suggested solutions
The most difficult matter in translating ESP is terminology which is often translated practically and accurately in requirement, much focus should be put on skills of translation and vocabulary
The translators should search the knowledge about the concept of terms and use them correctly By doing this, translators can avoid misunderstanding
The translators should not translate word by word to avoid tendency Most of the terms are translated by using general words
The study is an attempt to puzzle out the concept of footwear manufacturing terminologies translation , to present the process of techniques of translating these terms from English into Vietnamese
It is intended for students of foreign language department who may have interest in understanding more about footwear manufacturing terms and its industry
Chapter II presents a comprehensive review of literature that synthesizes and summarizes existing research on footwear manufacturing terminologies, incorporating perspectives from both translation practitioners and linguistic theorists.
Footwear manufacturing terminologies are categorized into single terms, compound terms, footwear details, and their manufacturing processes This study aims to provide comprehensive illustrations of these terminologies and practical methods for achieving accurate translations.
Chapters II and III of the thesis explore the significance of understanding footwear manufacturing terminology and the perspectives on specific translation aspects The findings from this study offer valuable insights that can aid in conducting various surveys for future research.
2 Limitations and Suggestions for further study
The study focuses on the translation of footwear manufacturing terminologies from English to Vietnamese The author has extensive practical experience in translation beyond her university coursework, making it challenging to expect her to possess in-depth knowledge of vocabulary and translation techniques, which are primarily acquired through hands-on practice rather than theoretical study.
The primary limitation of this study is that it reflects the author's personal perspectives rather than a comprehensive analysis of footwear manufacturing terminology translation from various sources Consequently, it is challenging to draw definitive conclusions regarding the equivalence of translated terms in the footwear manufacturing sector.
To address existing limitations, a qualitative research study is essential for further exploration This approach can yield more robust evidence by utilizing various footwear manufacturing terminology translation methods from different authors, enhancing the study's reliability Ultimately, the findings from this qualitative survey will significantly contribute to the expanding body of research in translation, specifically focusing on footwear manufacturing terminology.
1.Baker, M (1992), A Course book on translation( London Routledge)
2.Dudley-Evans, Tony (1998) Developments in English for Specific Purposes: Amulti-disciplinary approach Cambridge University Press
3.Hutchinson, T & Water, A (1987) English for Specific Purposes : A learning– concreted approach ( Cambridge University Press)
4.Hutchinson, Tom & Waters, Alan (1987) English for Specific purposes: Alearner-centered approach Cambridge University Press
5.Newmark, P (1981) Approaches to Translation Oxford: Pergamon Press
6 Newmark, P (1988) A text book of translation Prentice HaH
7.Newmark, P (1991) About Translation Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
8.Nida, E A (1964) Toward a Science of Translating and The Theory and Practice of Translation, Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language
9.Nida, E A (1982) The theory and practice of translation Shanghai:
Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press
10.Perter Newmark (1988) A text book of translation: theorical and practical implications “Oxford: Pergamon press”
11.Strevens, P (1988) ESP after twenty years: A re-appraisal In M Tikoo (Ed), ESP: State of art (1-13) SEAMEO Regional Language Centre
- http://tapchitaichinh.vn/tai-chinh-kinh-doanh/tai-chinh-doanh- nghiep/thi-truong-da-giay-co-nhieu-co-hoi-nhung-thieu-ben-vung-55163.html
- http://vietnamnews.vn/english-through-the-news/273150/viet-nam- makes-shoes-for-the-world.html#qGYGD2VOMoisoIXw.99
- http://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/Home/PrintStory.aspx?distribution=45401&print=true\
- https://medium.com/@nptn17/kh%C3%B3a-lu%E1%BA%ADn- t%E1%BB%91t-nghi%E1%BB%87p-t%E1%BB%AB-a-
- https://medium.com/@nptn17/kinh-nghi%E1%BB%87m-l%C3%A0m- kh%C3%B3a-lu%E1%BA%ADn-t%E1%BB%91t-nghi%E1%BB%87p- t%E1%BB%AB-a-%C4%91%E1%BA%BFn-z-ph%E1%BA%A7n-2-
- https://text.123doc.org/document/2785780-bao-cao-thuc-tap-tai-cong- ty-tnhh-dinh-vang.htm
- https://vietnamnews.vn/english-through-the-news/273150/viet-nam- makes-shoes-for-the-world.html#gVSGuALpWdI9OeCb.97
- https://www.ibisworld.com/industry-trends/global-industry- reports/manufacturing/footwear-manufacturing.html
- https://www.nj.gov/treasury/purchase/noa/attachments/a0051-rfp.pdf
- https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top-shoe-manufacturing- countries.html
Vocabulary
Ballerina flat Giầy đế bằng kiểu múa ba lê
Beaded shoe Giày đính cườm
Brocade shoe Giày thổ cẩm
Gladiator boot Giầy chiến binh cao cổ
Insole section Công đoạn đế
Bốt cao cổ chân với mũi giày lượn tròn và gót thấp được thiết kế từ hai mảnh da riêng biệt cho phần mũi và gót giày Mảnh da mũi giày được may lên phần da gót, tạo nên sự kết hợp hài hòa Giày được buộc bằng dây da với khóa kim loại vòng quanh cổ chân, trong đó dây có hai phần nối vào mũi giày Đặc biệt, có một vòng da ở phía sau giày để xỏ dây qua, tăng thêm tính tiện dụng và phong cách.
Lining Lớp lót bên trong giày
Moccasin shoe Giày mô ca sin
Mold making Công đoạn làm khuôn
Mountaineer shoe Giày leo núi
Peep toe Giày hở mũi
Platform Giày cao trước, sau
Printing embossing In dập nổi
Một dụng cụ có hình dáng tương tự bàn chân dùng để đặt vào trong đôi giày nhằm giữ dáng, chống nếp nhăn, tăng tuổi thọ đôi giày
Ski boot Giày trượt tuyết
Sling back Xăng đan có quay vắt ra sau gót chân
Sling back Xăng đan có quay vắt ra sau gót chân
Snow mobile boot Giày di chuyển trên tuyết
Sock liner Miếng lót giày
Socklining/sock liner Miếng lót giày
Stitch out shoe Giày khâu viền ngoài
Stitching section Công đoạn khâu
Stitching section Công đoạn khâu
Ugg boot Bốt lông cừu
Exercises
The idea was defended by Diệp Thành Kiệt, Deputy Chairman at Lefaso, the Vietnam Leather, Footwear and Handbag Association, in a two-day Vietnam Footwear Summit in HCM City
At the recent Vietnam Footwear Summit in Ho Chi Minh City, Diệp Thành Kiệt, Deputy Chairman of Lefaso, expressed optimism about the ongoing success of Vietnam's leather and footwear industry, predicting continued growth and development in the coming years.
Lefaso highlights that Vietnam's future industry performance will be bolstered by its numerous free trade agreements with key markets, including Japan, the Customs Union of Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, South Korea, ASEAN, and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, as well as an agreement with the EU These agreements significantly enhance the country's international trade capabilities.
In terms of internal background, more than 65% of the population is of working age, providing an abundant supply of accessible and skilled workers
According to Lefaso a combination of such elements, with a focus on producing and exporting high-value products, will represent a huge opportunity for the leather and footwear industry
However, existing challenges cannot be ignore as they pose severe threats to the development of the industry, namely the increasing labour costs, protectionism and competition from other countries
Between 2010 and 2017, local authorities reported that the minimum wage rose 3.02 times, while GDP per capita increased by only 2.04 times, suggesting a potential economic imbalance Although improved productivity in the industry has mitigated some effects, the risk remains significant, as major customers may consider moving orders to countries with lower labor costs, such as Cambodia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Ethiopia, particularly for simple and manual products.
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
Established in 1996, our factory is one of the oldest and most reputable internationally owned factories located in the South of Vietnam, just under an hour's drive from the center of Ho Chi Minh City.
Our facility specializes in women's fashion, operating four main production lines with a maximum capacity of 200,000 pairs per month, contingent on the complexity and design of the footwear We proudly collaborate with numerous international brands to develop and manufacture their collections, positioning ourselves at the forefront of fashion footwear trends.
Vietnam and Cambodia are home to numerous shoe factories, making it essential to select the right one for your needs Whether you're seeking affordable, high-quality women's fashion shoes, men's casual footwear, or children's shoes, you'll discover a wide range of options available in these countries.
Vietnam and Cambodia, boasting a combined population exceeding 105 million and a youthful workforce with high literacy rates, present exceptional opportunities for shoe brands seeking cost-effective footwear manufacturing in Asia Recent anti-dumping measures have led to a rise in factories, prompting an increasing number of companies to consider Vietnam and Cambodia as viable alternatives to China for their production needs.
25DC Tower A1,Tinghong RD Jiangnan district, Mainland China
Thank you for applying for the junior accounting position Your resume will be assessed by three senior staff members, and if selected for an interview, Mary Jane, our personnel officer, will reach out to you by phone During this call, please be prepared to provide the names and addresses of three references.
As you requested, enclosed is a copy of our most recent annual report Thank you for your interest in Golden Footwear Corporation
1 For what position Mr Guangzi apply ?
2 What is being sent with the letter ?
3 Who will contact Mr Guangzi for an interview ?
Exercise 4: Translate these parts of contract into Vietnamese
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR FOOTWEAR, DRESS AND CANVAS, MEN, WOMEN AND CHILDREN
3.1.1 All footwear must be first quality and workmanship will be first class 3.1.2 The contractor will show, upon the request of a using agency, the contractor's line of footwear so that selections may be made
3.1.3 Shipment shall be made only upon receipt of authorized purchase orders There shall be no obligation to purchase any minimum or maximum quantity 3.1.4 The contractor shall furnish upon request a trained shoe fitting consultant to advise State agencies on fitting problems, styles and sizes to carry in inventory to minimize surplus stocks Measuring sticks shall also be furnished to each agency, free of charge, upon request
3.1.5 Shoes offered are to comply with general requirements enclosed herewith They shall be of good serviceable quality The construction and workmanship are to be within current styles offered by the industry
3.2 WARRANTY: The contractor must replace, free of charge, any shoes delivered with defects or irregularities making them unfit for satisfactory use All handling and transportation charges covering such replacements shall be the responsibility of the contractor
3.3 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION: The bidder shall indicate the name of themanufacturer, sizes, and colors offered on the space provided on each price line on the price sheets of this RFP
3.4 PACKING AND MARKING: Each pair of shoes must have size and width stamped in indelible ink in lining and be packed in a pasteboard carton with size, width and name of manufacturer marked on outside
Ông Diệp Thành Kiệt, Phó Chủ tịch Lefaso, đã bảo vệ ý tưởng này tại Hội nghị thượng đỉnh giày dép Việt Nam diễn ra trong hai ngày tại TP HCM.
Phát biểu tại Hội nghị thượng đỉnh giầy Việt Nam được diễn ra trong 2 ngày tại
Tuần qua tại TP HCM, ông Diệp Thành Kiệt, Phó chủ tịch Lefaso, bày tỏ niềm tin rằng ngành công nghiệp Việt Nam, đặc biệt là ngành da giày, sẽ tiếp tục có sự phát triển mạnh mẽ trong những năm tới.
