Raison de recherche
When discussing culture, we often reference elements such as folk songs, sayings, proverbs, and popular songs Among these, proverbs and sayings play a crucial role in highlighting a nation's cultural elite Defined as the "jewels" of a nation and witnesses to thousands of years of history, proverbs are essential and irreplaceable components of the cultural treasure of both France and Vietnam For foreign language learners, engaging with proverbs can be challenging, as understanding and translating them requires deep knowledge of the respective culture Therefore, exploring the characteristics of proverbs can enhance language learning and provide students with insights into the culture, traditions, and customs of a country While the study of proverbs is not a new concept, research specifically on weather-related proverbs is limited, particularly comparative studies between French and Vietnamese weather proverbs Notably, the collection of Franco-Vietnamese proverbs reveals a significant number related to weather, offering a vivid portrayal of the culture and customs of both nations, which is why I chose this topic.
“Les caractộristiques culturelles dans les proverbes franỗais et Vietnamiens sur la météo” en tant que mon dernier projet de la vie universitaire
Objectif de recherche
Lors de la rédaction de ce mémoire, je vise à acquérir trois grands objectifs principaux:
Saisir les éléments culturels exprimés dans le trésor des proverbes mộtộorologiques Vietnamiens et celui des franỗais
Découvrir les similitudes, les différences dans les proverbes sur la météo de deux pays
Promouvoir l'intérêt, la curiosité pour l'apprentissage des proverbes des élèves, des étudiants
De plus, ce mémoire me donne une bonne occasion de découvrir la culture de deux pays.
Question de recherche
Dans le cadre de ce mémoire, il existe 3 grandes questions auxquelles nous souhaitons répondre:
Question 1 Quelles sont les caractéristiques culturelles exprimées dans les proverbes mộtộorologiques des Franỗais et dans ceux des Vietnamiens ?
Question 2 Quelles similitudes et quelles différences existent-il dans la culture de deux pays manifestées dans ces caractéristiques culturelles?
Question 3 Comment expliquer ces similitudes et ces différences ?
Hypothèses de recherche
Nous avons quelques hypothèses afin de répondre à ces 3 questions: Hypothèse 1 Il existe plusieurs caractéristiques culturelles véhiculées par les proverbes mộtộorologiques des Franỗais et dans ceux des Vietnamiens
Hypothèse 2 On peut citer des similitudes et des différences entre la culture vietnamienne et celle de la France à travers des caractéristiques culturelles
Hypothèse 3 On propose de nombreuses explications pour ces similitudes et ces différences.
Méthode de recherche
Afin de développer ce mémoire, j’utilise trois méthodes principales:
I found 55 Vietnamese proverbs and 70 French proverbs related to nature I categorized them into three groups: animals, weather elements, and time Additionally, I continue to analyze these proverbs to uncover the hidden cultural elements within them.
After examining the cultural elements conveyed by weather proverbs from two countries, I compare them to highlight the similarities and differences in the cultures of these two peoples.
Plan du mémoire
Sans compter l’introduction et la conclusion qui sont considérées comme deux parties à part, ce mémoire est développé en 3 chapitres suivants:
Dans le premier chapitre, c’est la présentation générale du cadre théorique Dans cette partie, je donne les définitions et les autres éléments du proverbe et ceux de la culture
La deuxième partie désigne les éléments culturels exprimés dans les proverbes mộtộorologiques des Vietnamiens et Franỗais
La dernière partie est consacrée à une étude comparative afin d’identifier les similitudes et les différences dans la culture de deux peuples
Proverbe
Étymologie (origine) de proverbe ô Proverbe vient du latin proverbium Le Gaffiot (dictionnaire latin/franỗais, cộlốbre rộfộrence des latinistes) traduit proverbium par ô proverbe; dicton ằ ằ
Over time, the term "proverb" has been explained in various ways Socrates, in the 5th century BC, described proverbs as "short and memorable expressions." His student Plato emphasized their popular nature, noting in his work "Protagoras" that proverbs originated from the "humble Spartans."
In 1694, the first Dictionary of the Academy defined a proverb as "a type of sentence or maxim expressed in few words and commonly used," with "vulgar" deriving from the Latin "vulgus," meaning the crowd Later, 19th-century dictionaries attempted to differentiate between proverbs, adages, sentences, and maxims, but as discussed in "Proverb or Saying?", the boundaries between these terms often remain blurred Modern dictionaries still occasionally use the terms "maxim" or "sentence," but the definitions provided are generally more or less explicit.
Certains citent un caractère de brièveté, tous s’accordent sur un point: le proverbe relốve du ô populaire ằ ou du ô commun ằ
The Petit Robert dictionary defines a proverb as a formal expression, often metaphorical or figurative, that conveys a truth based on experience or practical wisdom common to a social group This definition highlights essential characteristics of proverbs: they are understood and recognized by a linguistic community and rooted in shared experiences, indicating a collective understanding and agreement.
(Les ProVerbes, 2011, http://les-proverbes.fr/site/cote-mots/plus-sur-les- proverbes/cest-quoi-un-proverbe/definitions/) Par exemple:
▪ La matinée rouge est présage de pluie, la soirée rouge promet beau temps
▪ Quand qu'il pleut, c'est signe de beau temps
In his research on the role of proverbs in communication, Kouadio Yao notes that defining a proverb is challenging for two main reasons First, proverbs are often confused with other forms of oral literature, such as sayings, expressions, maxims, and aphorisms, as many languages, particularly African ones, use the same term to describe these various forms Second, proverbs are multidimensional, intersecting with sociology, history, linguistics, literature, and rhetoric Despite these complexities, a satisfactory definition exists: a proverb is a concise and impactful expression that encapsulates deeper meanings.
Thirteen timeless truths arise from the observation of beings and things, rooted in collective social experience Documented in the collective consciousness of society, these truths bear the hallmark of societal values, serving as a rich source of literary, aesthetic, linguistic, and sociological insights.
To objectively conduct this research, it is essential to recognize that a single definition of a proverb is insufficient Based on the aforementioned definitions, the common characteristics of proverbs include: they are a form of folklore, consist of short and complete phrases commonly used in everyday language, convey experiences derived from observations of nature and human interactions, impart moral lessons or wisdom, exhibit rhythmic and rhyming qualities, and are easily understandable, memorable, and suitable for oral transmission.
Proverbs, characterized by their concise and meaningful phrases, play a significant role in everyday conversations Instead of using lengthy and complex sentences to convey ideas, people often turn to proverbs for effective communication and expression of thoughts.
Additionally, in certain situations, we directly express our ideas with the intention of imparting a moral lesson or educating others However, our words can have a negative impact on others, particularly on sensitive individuals.
When selecting a proverb, it's essential to consider its deeper meaning beyond the surface imagery Kouadio Yao, in his exploration of proverbs in communication, highlights two significant levels of understanding The first level is the immediate comprehension accessible to anyone familiar with the source language of the proverb The second level, however, lies within the metaphorical imagery, where the true meaning of the proverbial language is often concealed.
En raison de cela, on peut citer que le proverbe tient un rôle important dans la communication
2.2 Rôle de l'instruction civique et morale
In his work on the Museums of Chad, Marco Bertoni highlights the significant educational role of proverbs and sayings in oral cultures, which are linked to social control Their easily memorable phrases and meanings create a unique system for transmitting fundamental norms that govern socially acceptable behaviors within the community that produced them.
Since ancient times, language has served as a means of communication, yet the study of scientific language has been largely absent Our ancestors summarized experiential truths derived from life, work, production, and natural observation into proverbs, which have been preserved and passed down through generations Thus, the study, teaching, and learning of proverbs provide us with valuable insights and knowledge.
l’occasion d’approcher l’histoire de notre pays et aussi celle des autres
la chance d’améliorer notre personnalité, mentalité
la chance d’acquérir les connaissances concernant la géographie, l’économie, la culture, la coutume,…
l’opportunité d’avoir l’accès à tous les aspects de la vie
l’opportunité d’enrichir le trésor du proverbe Prenons les exemples du proverbe éducatif: ô Ăn quả nhớ kẻ trồng cõy ằ (Lorsque vous mangez un fruit, pensez à l'homme qui a planté l'arbre)
This proverb emphasizes the importance of moral values such as recognition and gratitude towards our ancestors and those who have made sacrifices for our better lives It highlights that through hard work and perseverance, we can achieve mastery, much like a blacksmith hones their craft through practice.
Life is not always beautiful or easy, and it's essential to overcome difficulties without giving up on your dreams, desires, and hopes The proverb "A good fruit comes from a good seed" emphasizes that good parents inevitably raise good children This metaphor highlights the importance of nurturing and positive influences in shaping a brighter future.
In her study titled "A Brief Study on the Role of Expressions and Proverbs in the French Language in Acquiring Cultural Competence," Nahid Djalili-Marand emphasizes that expressions and proverbs, regardless of their form, reflect a nation's mentality and are integral to its cultural heritage.
Proverbs are an integral part of culture, reflecting its development and evolution throughout history They encapsulate cultural nuances and are passed down through generations, primarily through oral tradition.
3 Différence entre le proverbe et la locution
Culture
La culture est la base d’un pays La culture est l'âme d'un peuple La culture propose une vaste signification
Dans son œuvre ô Introduction à la sociologie ằ, Ferrộol Gilles et Noreck Jean-Pierre nous montrent qu’au fil du temps, la culture a successivement désigné:
Culture is a complex whole that encompasses knowledge, beliefs, art, law, morals, customs, and all other skills acquired by an individual as a member of society (Tylor, 1871).
Le concept clé de l'anthropologie culturelle Elle comprend des techniques, des objets fabriqués, des procédés de fabrication, des idées, des mœurs et des valeurs hérités, (Malinowski, 1931)
Culture encompasses traditional methods for problem-solving, consisting of solutions that have gained acceptance due to their success In essence, culture is formed by the lessons learned from addressing challenges (Forde, 1942).
The cultural aspects of a supra-organic universe encompass meanings, values, norms, and their interactions and relationships These elements can form more or less coherent groupings, such as systems or clusters, which manifest through characteristic actions or other vehicles within an empirical sociocultural context (Sorokin, 1947).
La culture, c'est la maniốre de vivre d'un groupe, (Maquet, 1949) ằ
Currently, three distinct meanings coexist and define culture: In its narrow sense of high culture, it refers to the development of certain mental faculties through appropriate intellectual exercises.
The term "culture," as defined in the 1998 edition of Le Petit Robert, generally refers to the knowledge of intellectual works such as literature, music, and painting Some argue that culture is unevenly distributed, suggesting that certain individuals possess culture while others do not or have very little However, culture is inherent to every human group, which highlights its strong ethnocentric connotation What defines culture for one group may differ significantly from another.
19 humain n'est pas nécessairement le même pour un autre groupe et rộciproquement ằ
In its anthropological and sociological context, the term "culture" encompasses a broader and more neutral meaning It refers to the collective activities, beliefs, and practices shared by a specific society or social group.
Culture, in its broadest sense, encompasses the distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual, and emotional traits that define a society or social group It includes not only the arts and literature but also lifestyle, fundamental human rights, value systems, traditions, and beliefs.
(UNESCO, Déclaration de Mexico sur les politiques culturelles Conférence mondiale sur les politiques culturelles, Mexico City, 26 juillet -
Culture encompasses the spiritual and material aspects of human life, including customs, habits, traditions, beliefs, art, morals, and lifestyles It represents a society or social group and serves as a distinguishing characteristic that separates one country or nation from another.
Selon Marc Montoussộ et Gilles Renouard dans leur œuvre ô 100 Fiches pour comprendre la sociologie ằ, la culture prộsente quatre caractộristiques: ô C'est un ensemble cohộrent dont les ộlộments sont interdộpendants,
Elle imprègne l'ensemble des activités humaines,
Elle est commune à un groupe d'hommes, que ce groupe soit important (les habitants d'un continent) ou très faible (un groupe de jeunes),
Socialization is the primary means through which cultural values and norms are transmitted, predominantly from one generation to the next This process is largely facilitated by key agents of socialization, particularly the family and educational institutions.
En ce sens, la culture est un ô hộritage social ằ
According to Marcel André Robert in "Introduction to Social Anthropology," culture encompasses various aspects, some of which are visible while others remain hidden or latent The explicit culture includes all the tangible and concrete elements of a people's life, such as their food, housing, clothing, tools, language, dances, rituals, artistic achievements, and funeral customs.
Implicit culture, often referred to as "covert culture," encompasses the underlying system of representations, feelings, and values that provide coherence and meaning to explicit culture Commonly described as a "mentality," this aspect of culture plays a crucial role in shaping societal norms and behaviors.
Alors, comprendre profondément la culture d'un pays lorsque vous découvrez les valeurs cachées de cette culture
Éléments culturels véhiculés par les proverbes de la météo
To explore the cultural influences on weather proverbs, a study was conducted analyzing 55 Vietnamese proverbs and 70 French proverbs These proverbs illustrate the relationship between weather predictions and cultural beliefs, highlighting how different societies interpret meteorological phenomena through their unique linguistic expressions.
24 catégories principales: les animaux, les éléments météorologiques, et encore suivant le temps
II.1 Proverbes ayant trait aux animaux
The bond between humans and animals is both close and enduring, highlighting our dependence on them for survival Every year, billions of animals are raised and slaughtered for food, underscoring their significance in our lives Additionally, animals serve as indicators of weather changes due to their heightened sensitivity to abrupt climatic shifts compared to humans.
In Vietnam, farm animals play a vital role in daily life, significantly contributing to the economic growth of the general population, particularly for farmers and fishermen Notably, certain animals such as ants, dragonflies, toads, roosters, and swallows are commonly referenced in weather forecasting.
Chuồn chuồn bay thấp báo hiệu mưa ngập bờ ao, trong khi bay cao lại báo hiệu mưa tạnh Vào mùa heo may tháng Bảy, chuồn chuồn thường bay thấp Nếu chuồn chuồn bay thấp thì mưa sẽ đến, bay cao thì trời nắng, còn bay vừa thì thời tiết sẽ rõ ràng.
The dragonfly is likened to a weather machine, especially in July when typhoons and floods occur in the northern regions of our country Observing the dragonfly's flight patterns provides insights for predicting upcoming weather According to the lunar calendar for July, strong red winds signal the dragonfly leaving its nest, indicating an approaching storm.
The petite dragonfly is a close friend of farmers, providing signs that help predict the weather These insects are easily spotted in rural areas, hovering over rice fields and around villages Dragonflies are not only significant to farmers but also captivate children living in these regions, often seen as playful companions However, in today's world, it is increasingly rare for children to encounter dragonflies in real life, leaving them to discover these creatures only through poetry and literature.
Parmi les insectes, on trouve bien sûr le crapaud: ô Cúc nghiến răng, đang nắng thỡ mưa ằ
This proverb suggests that when the toad grits its teeth, rain is approaching Despite its unattractive appearance and small size, the toad holds significant importance in popular culture, particularly in the old Vietnamese tale "Chasing God for Rain." This story celebrates the toad's intelligence and bravery in its struggle against the Rain God.
In Vietnamese belief, the image of toads holds significant meaning, particularly among women and the elderly who place their faith in God The adage "Có thờ có thiêng, có kiêng cú lành" emphasizes that faith brings blessings To this day, many Vietnamese, especially merchants, display small statues of toads spitting out money on their altars to pray for prosperity, wealth, and financial success.
On trouve aussi le coq, l’un des animaux symboliques de la culture vietnamienne
The rooster plays a significant role in the lives of people in rural areas, marking the start of the day with its crowing Its presence in proverbs serves as a cultural relic of agriculture in Vietnam, reflecting the deep connection between the rooster and daily life For instance, sayings like "When the rooster crows, rain is coming" highlight the rooster's importance in predicting weather changes, showcasing its integral role in the agricultural traditions of the region.
26 À l’heure actuelle, l’image du coq se présente dans les œuvres d'art tels que le tambour en cuivre de Dong Son, la peinture Dong Ho, le poème,…
In France, the undeniable love for animals is evident, as seen when homeless individuals share their meager resources with their loyal pets, whether dogs or cats This bond highlights the deep connection between humans and animals Additionally, French weather proverbs frequently feature a variety of animals, including birds, farm animals, domestic pets, and wildlife, reflecting their significance in the culture.
Among birds, swallows are known for their high frequency of activity When swallows fly high, it signals good weather ahead, while their low flight suggests that bad weather is on the way Additionally, during stormy conditions, swallows tend to soar up into the clouds.
Scientific opinions suggest that before a storm or rain, the increase in humidity causes insects to descend to the ground, prompting swallows, which feed on these insects, to fly low to catch them Additionally, swallows have a strong connection to French life, as they find shelter in monasteries, as noted in the anecdote "The Rescue of the Swallows" (Le Petit Journal; n°1196, Sunday, October 19, 1913) Furthermore, swallows often build their nests in people's homes, illustrated in the anecdote "The Mechanic and the Swallow."
Gruissan, located near Narbonne in the Aude region, offers a unique opportunity to observe the behaviors and changes of swallows, as highlighted by Daniel Bizet Additionally, in Alsace, Gregor Thevenot discusses the intriguing phenomenon of "Gregor and the 40 swallow nests." This region is not only home to swallows but also hosts a diverse array of bird species, making it an ideal location for birdwatching enthusiasts.
le moineau ô Quand les moineaux pộpient et s'attroupent sur les toits mauvais temps ằ
le rouge-gorge ô Rouge-gorge chantant de bon matin, prộsage de beau temps ằ
le rossignol ô Si les rossignols sifflent toute la nuit, le temps sera beau ằ
le pivert ô Quand il sent la pluie, le pivert gộmit ằ
Domestic animals, such as dogs and cats, are often featured in proverbs that signal changes in nature For example, when dogs eat couch grass, it indicates that rain is imminent Similarly, it is believed that bad weather is approaching when a cat scratches behind its ear.
Historically, dogs were tasked with protecting sheep, raised alongside them to ensure their safety while warding off potential threats Today, a significant 51% of French people prefer spending time with their pets over their friends, according to a study by Opinion Way This trend highlights the growing affection for dogs and cats among the population.
Parmi les animaux de la ferme, le coq est souvent cité:
“Si le coq chante à midi, présage d'un beau temps”
Similitudes
Lors de la recherche sur 55 proverbes Vietnamiens et 70 proverbes franỗais, il est clairement que malgré la différence du contenu, il existe encore des ressemblances
La première ressemblance, c’est l’apparition de l’image du coq dans les proverbes météorologiques ayant trait aux animaux
Dans le proverbe vietnamien, c’est: ô Chớp đụng nhay nhỏy, gà gỏy thỡ mưa ằ (L’ộclairage paraợt dans l’est, le coq chante, la pluie s’avance)
Je trouve aussi l’image du coq dans le proverbe franỗais: ô Si le coq chante à midi, prộsage d'un beau temps ằ
The rooster holds significant cultural importance in both Vietnamese and French traditions In Vietnam, it is a well-known symbol of rural life, while in France, alongside iconic symbols like the Eiffel Tower and the national anthem "La Marseillaise," the Gallic rooster stands out as an unforgettable emblem of the nation.
De plus, il existe une autre similitude que j’ai trouvée, c’est l’image de la lune utilisée dans les proverbes ayant trait aux éléments météorologiques
Le proverbe contenant l’image de la lune en vietnamien: ô Trăng quầng thỡ hạn
This ancient proverb serves as a weather forecast, indicating that when the moon is surrounded by darkness, drought is imminent, while a luminous halo around the moon suggests that rain is on the way.
En franỗais, le proverbe contenant l’image de la lune, c’est:
La signification de ce proverbe est que la lune qui n'est pas très claire est présage de pluies
The image of the moon features prominently in both Vietnamese and French proverbs, symbolizing a significant element in the literature of both cultures It serves as a profound source of inspiration for artists, writers, poets, and painters In Vietnam, the renowned romantic poet Han Mac Tu expressed his feelings for the moon in 62 poems, with notable works including "La lune d’or, la lune de gemme," "La lune blanche," "La demi-lune," and "Dormir avec la lune." Additionally, Luu Trong Lu's "Le son de l’automne" and Nguyen Binh's "Le temps passé" also highlight the moon's allure Similarly, in France, numerous poems celebrate the moon's beauty, including Paul Verlaine's "La lune blanche" and "Clair de lune," Charles Baudelaire's "Tristesses de la lune" and "Les bienfaits de la lune," as well as Alfred de Musset's "Ballade à la lune," showcasing the moon's enduring inspiration across cultures.
La dernière similitude est l’utilisation des images métaphorisées
Dans le proverbe vietnamien, c’est ô Ếch kờu uụm uụm, ao chuụm nước đầy ằ
The proverb uses the imagery of a hollow filled with stagnant water to symbolize rain It suggests that when the frog sings, it is a sign that rain is approaching This connection highlights the relationship between the frog's song and impending rainfall.
Le proverbe franỗais exprimant l’image mộtaphorisộe est: ô Une averse ne fait pas la moisson ằ ô Une hirondelle ne fait pas le printemps ằ
La signification de ces deux proverbes est qu’un fait, un caractéristique ou un élément unique ne sont pas suffisants pas pour généraliser quelque chose
A metaphor is an implied comparison that establishes an association between two terms without using a comparative tool This rhetorical figure is widely used in language and particularly in literature Both French and Vietnamese authors prefer to incorporate metaphors in their literary works, as metaphors allow for the subtle expression and transmission of ideas and emotions through the hidden meanings embedded in metaphorical imagery.
Différences
When the French discuss weather predictions, they often refer to "bad weather" or "good weather." For instance, they say, "When the cricket sings, it’s a sign of good weather."
40 ô A põques, mauvais temps ộgale six semaines pendant ằ
Some argue that many weather forecasts lack scientific basis and verification Bad weather is often associated with rain, storms, or floods, while in certain situations, such as after a drought, rain can be seen as good weather for farmers Therefore, distinguishing between bad and good weather helps people prepare adequately for various future scenarios.
Vietnamese weather predictions are often conveyed through direct observations of natural phenomena For instance, the saying "blue clouds indicate sunshine, while white clouds signify rain" exemplifies this practice Similarly, another saying suggests that "when stars are visible, it will be sunny; when stars are absent, rain is expected." These traditional phrases reflect the deep connection between the Vietnamese culture and their understanding of weather patterns.
(Les étoiles paraissent en grand nombre présage le soleil, en revanche annonce la pluie)
This may explain why Vietnamese people trust the outcomes derived from their observations of animals, nature, and living beings Additionally, these proverbs are based on various observations from different individuals and have been validated across generations over time, highlighting their enduring quality and value.
The difference in working methods and thought processes between the French and Vietnamese can be attributed to their distinct approaches to reasoning The French tend to rely on verified evidence, strong arguments, and scientific proof before reaching conclusions In contrast, the Vietnamese are more inclined to draw conclusions based on key details, and if errors arise, they will present alternative arguments to rectify them.
II.2 Moyen d’exprimer les proverbes ayant trait aux animaux
En recherchant les différences du proverbe météorologique de deux peuples, on constate que la manifestation des proverbes liés aux animaux des Franỗais et des Vietnamiens est totalement diffộrente
In Vietnamese animal-related proverbs, not only are the behaviors of animals depicted, but also the natural changes, such as wind, thunder, and lightning, are highlighted to predict upcoming phenomena For instance, the proverb "ô Giú bấc hiu hiu, sếu kờu thỡ rột ằ" illustrates this connection between animal behavior and environmental signs.
The proverb highlights the change in nature with the phrase "the north wind blows gently" and the behavior of animals, specifically "the crane sings." This indicates that the arrival of cold weather is imminent, as suggested by the saying "the cold is coming." However, it is important to note that if only one of these signs is observed—either the gentle blowing of the north wind or the singing of the crane—it does not necessarily confirm the onset of cold temperatures.
The French often draw direct conclusions based on their observations of animal behavior For instance, they believe that flies and horseflies bite before bad weather, while an excess of hornets indicates that the weather will be fair.
The difference in observation between Vietnamese and French people is key to understanding their perspectives Vietnamese individuals tend to observe both animal behavior and natural variations simultaneously, while the French focus solely on changes in animal behavior.
Moreover, the variation in the expression of conclusions leads to differences in how proverbs related to animals are articulated The French often conclude with phrases like "oh, the bad weather" or "oh, the beautiful weather."
In Vietnam, the weather is not solely defined by temperature; it also involves various elements such as rain, sunshine, and cold Vietnamese people often interpret these weather changes through the lens of nature and animal behavior, allowing them to draw more accurate conclusions about the climate, including factors like rainfall and flooding Therefore, understanding both environmental shifts and animal actions is essential for making precise weather predictions.
To achieve the objectives outlined in the introduction, this thesis is structured into three chapters: the theoretical framework, the cultural elements conveyed by weather proverbs, and the comparative study This project has provided me with numerous benefits, particularly in identifying the similarities and differences between Vietnamese and French cultures These insights aid in translating and interpreting documents within their cultural contexts Furthermore, it presents an excellent opportunity to apply the knowledge and experiences I have gained over four years of studying the French language.
Conducting this study allows me to address three key questions and validate the previously mentioned research hypotheses Firstly, it reveals various cultural characteristics, such as habits, customs, symbolic animals, and anecdotes, reflected in the weather proverbs of both the French and Vietnamese cultures Secondly, it identifies both similarities and differences between Vietnamese and French cultures as expressed through these cultural traits However, I found that these examples of similarities and differences are not fully representative of the cultures of the two countries Lastly, some aspects explaining these similarities and differences remain unclear and somewhat ambiguous, indicating the need for further research to provide more definitive answers.
In conclusion, I hope that this theme will be further explored in the near future by others who are passionate about scientific research on proverbs, including studies that connect proverbs to various other themes.
Proverbs about family, youth, and love, along with an in-depth exploration of the linguistic characteristics of weather-related proverbs, can significantly enhance students' interest and curiosity in learning these expressions This research aims to highlight the cultural richness and educational value of proverbs, encouraging a deeper appreciation for their role in language and communication.
1 DJALILI-MARAND N., 2007, Une brève étude sur le rôle des expressions et des proverbes de la langue franỗaise dans l’acquisition de la compộtence culturelle, Human Sciences: No.55, Autumn, p21
2 G FERREOL, Jean-Pierre Noreck, 1989, Introduction à la sociologie, Ed Armand Collin, Coll Cursus, Paris, p 131
3 KOUADIO Yao, Langues & Littératures, Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis, Sénégal, n°12, Janvier 2008, Le problème du fonctionnement du proverbe dans la communication, p79-81
4 MARCO Bertoni, 2005, I MUSEY, Miti, favole e credenze del Ciad; LES MUSEY, Mythes, fables et croyances du Tchad, Editrice Democratica
5 M.- A ROBERT, 1968, Introduction à l'anthropologie sociale, Coll ô Humanisme d'aujourd'hui ằ, Ed Vie ouvriốre, Bruxelles, p 14-27
6 ROLAND Hella – CDGA, 2011, Qui veut faire de la culture?, p11-13
7 S GARCIA, M MONTOUSSE & G RENOUARD, 1997, 100 fiches pour comprendre la sociologie, Ed Bréal, p.240
8 http://les-proverbes.fr/site/cote-mots/plus-sur-les-proverbes/cest-quoi-un- proverbe/definitions/
9 http://www.linternaute.com/proverbe/theme/172-205/meteo/
10 http://www.guichetdusavoir.org/viewtopic.php?t451
11 http://users.belgacom.net/gc399678/animaux.htm#Retour
12 http://danida.vnu.edu.vn:8083/san-pham-du-an/kien-thuc-ban-dia/kien- thuc-ban-dia-trong-du-bao-thoi-tiet.html
13 http://www.lansongviet.com/forum/showthread.php?t6989
14 http://thptdonghoi.edu.vn/index.php/day-hoc/221-ca-dao-t%E1%BB%A5c- ng%E1%BB%AF-v%E1%BB%81-th%E1%BB%9Di-ti%E1%BA%BFt
1 Cá ngoi mặt nước là trời sắp mưa
2 Cóc nghiến răng, đang nắng thì mưa
3 Chuồn chuồn bay thấp mưa ngập bờ ao, chuồn chuồn bay cao mưa rào lại tạnh
4 Kiến cánh vỡ tổ bay ra, bão táp mưa sa đến gần
5 Kiến đen tha trứng lên cao, thế nào cũng có mưa rào rất to
6 Ếch kêu uôm uôm, ao chuôm nước đầy
7 Én bay thấp, mưa ngập bờ ao Én bay cao, mưa rào lại tạnh
8 Ốc nổi bờ ao, mưa rào sắp tới
9 Quạ tắm thì ráo, sáo tắm thì mưa
10 Tháng bảy kiến đàn, đại ngàn hồng thủy
11 Chớp đông nhay nháy, gà gáy thì mưa
12 Trời đã sâm sẩm tối, gà còn đi bới là trời sắp mưa
13 Tháng bảy heo may, chuồn chuồn bay thì bão
15 Gió bấc hiu hiu sếu kêu thì rét
16 Sầm đông, sáng bắc, tía tây, chó đen ăn cỏ trời này thì mưa
17 Bạn chèo thợ lái bảo nhau, mống tây chớp lạch mau quay thuyền về
18 Chớp thừng chớp chão, chẳng bão thì mưa
19 Cơn đằng đông, vừa trông vừa chạy
Cơn đằng nam, vừa làm vừa chơi
20 Cơn đằng tây, vừa cày vừa ăn
21 Cơn đằng bắc, lắc rắc vài hột
22 Đầu năm sương muối, cuối năm gió nồm
23 Đông sao thì nắng, vắng sao thì mưa
24 Mây kéo xuống biển thì nắng chang chang, mây kéo lên ngàn thì mưa như trút
25 Mống dài trời lụt, mống cụt trời mưa
26 Mống cao gió táp, mống áp mưa rào
27 Mây xanh thì nắng, mây trắng thì mưa
28 Lúa chiêm lấp ló đầu bờ
Hễ nghe tiếng sấm phất cờ mà lên
29 Ráng bên đông, hồng bên tây
30 Ráng mỡ gà ai có nhà phải giữ
31 Ráng vàng thì gió, ráng đỏ thì mưa
33 Sương muối là mặt đất, ai có thóc đem phơi
34 Tam Đảo đội mũ, nước lũ sẽ về
35 Thâm đông, hồng tây, dựng may, ai ơi ở lại ba ngày hãy đi
37 Trăng quầng thì hạn, trăng tán thì mưa
38 Chớp đằng đông nước đồng tràn ngập
Chớp đằng tây mua dây mà tát
39 Gió heo may, chẳng mưa dầm thì bão giật
40 Vụ nực gió đông thì đồng đầy nước
41 Đêm tháng năm chưa nằm đã sáng
Ngày tháng mười chưa cười đã tối
42 Mùa nực gió đông thì đồng đầy nước
43 Mưa chẳng qua Ngọ, gió chẳng qua Mùi
44 Mưa tháng ba, hoa đất
45 Mưa tháng tư, hư đất
46 Nắng chóng trưa, mưa chóng tối
47 Nắng tháng 8, rám trái bưởi
48 Rét tháng tư, nắng dư tháng bảy
49 Tháng ba mưa đám, tháng tám mưa cơn
50 Mồng tám tháng tám không mưa
Bỏ cả cầy bừa mà nhổ lúa đi
51 Mồng chín tháng chín có mưa
Anh em ta sắm sửa cày bừa làm ăn
52 Mùa đông mưa dầm gió bấc, mùa hè mưa to gió lớn, mùa thu sương sa nắng gắt
53 Tháng tám trông tây, tháng mười trông đông
54 Tháng giêng rét đài, tháng hai rét lộc
55 Tháng chín mưa rươi, tháng mười mưa mạ
1 Chauve-souris volant en grand nombre annoncent beau temps dans la nuit sombre
2 Hirondelle volant haut, le temps sera beau
3 Les agneaux qui se choquent la tête annoncent le mauvais temps
4 Les fourmis qui déménagent leurs oeufs sont signe de mauvais temps
5 Les mouches assoiffées piquent quand le temps va changer, les papillons voltigent près des fenêtres lorsque le mauvais temps arrive
6 Lorsque l'araignée délaisse les coins sombres, c'est le beau temps
7 Mauvais temps quand un chat passe sa patte derrière l'oreille
9 Par temps d'orage l'hirondelle monte aux nuages
10 Quand le grillon chante, signe de beau temps
11 Quand les moineaux pépient et s'attroupent sur les toits mauvais temps
12 Quand l'hirondelle vole en rasant, c'est pour bientôt le mauvais temps
13 Rouge-gorge chantant de bon matin, présage de beau temps
14 Si le coq chante à midi, présage d'un beau temps
15 Si les poules rentrent de bonne heure au poulailler, c'est signe de beau temps
16 Si les pourceaux sautent, c'est signe de mauvais temps
17 Si les rossignols sifflent toute la nuit, le temps sera beau
18 S'il y a des frelons en trop le temps sera beau
19 Vol de corbeaux annonce le beau temps
20 Quand les crapauds chantent, le beau temps s'avance
21 Quand la couleuvre traverse le chemin, orage avant demain matin
22 Quand vole bas l'aronde, attends que la pluie tombe
23 Âne qui saute et brait sans fin, pluie pour demain
24 Quand les corneilles s'assemblent, du bois pour ton hiver assemble
25 Un jour est mouillé, l'autre sec, quand le coucou ouvre son bec
26 Cris de mouette, signe de tempête
27 Si les fourmis font de gros tas, un dur hiver viendra
28 Quand siffle le merle, l'hiver est fini
29 Les mouches et les taons piquent avant le mauvais temps
30 Quand les pigeons sont perchés, la pluie est annoncée
31 Le papillon blanc annonce le printemps
32 Lorsque les poules se couchent tard, c'est signe de pluie pour le lendemain
33 Quand il sent la pluie, le pivert gémit
34 Grenouilles chantent le soir, beau le lendemain
35 Après la pluie vient le beau temps
36 La matinée rouge est présage de pluie, la soirée rouge promet beau temps
37 L'arc-au-ciel du soir, fait beau temps paroir
38 Les nepveux du soleil sont beau temps
39 Nuages en direction de la mer, mauvais temps
40 Quand qu'il pleut, c'est signe de beau temps
41 Rosée et brouillard bas le matin, beau temps à prévoir
42 Vent du nord, beau temps; vent du midi, pluie; vent du sud-est, tempête; vent du sud-ouest, orage
43 Le pire orage éclate au moment de la moisson
44 Si l'arc-en-ciel paraợt, trois jours beaux, trois jours laids
45 Ciel bleu foncé, vent renforcé
46 Quand les étoiles scintillent fort, c'est un présage de beau temps en été, de gelée en hiver
47 Trois jours de gelée, pluie assurée
48 La lune pâle fait pluie et tourmente; l'argentine, temps clair; et la rougeâtre, vente
50 Quand les nuages font la pinière, c'est signe de pluie
51 Tonnerre au soir présage un pluvieux orage
52 Soleil rouge promet de l'eau, et soleil blanc fait le temps beau
53 A pâques, mauvais temps égale six semaines pendant
54 Beau temps à la Saint-Denis, hiver pourri
55 Beau temps à la Saint-Guillaume donne plus de blé que de chaume
56 Le temps se change en bien peu d'heure, tel rit matin qui le soir pleure
57 Pluie avant 7 heures, beau temps avant 11 heures
58 Pluie la nuit durant, beau temps au levant
59 Pour la Saint Joseph, beau temps, promesse de bon an
60 Temps sec en mars temps de génie, temps de soleil temps de migraine
61 Temps trop beau en aỏt, annonce hiver en courroux
62 Beau temps trois jours durant avant la Saint-Jean, bon grain pour l'an
63 Si le début de Juillet est pluvieux, le restant du mois sera douteux
64 Qui en juin se porte bien, au temps chaud ne craindra rien
65 Petite pluie d'avril fait la belle saison
66 Si février est chargé d'eau, le temps n'en sera que plus beau
67 Si Saint-Jacques (25 juillet) est serein,