DAI HOC QUOC GIA H.A NOI TRl/ONG OAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN * * * DANG CONG SAN - CHU THE QUAN LY XA HOI TRONG DIEU KIEN CCf CHE THI TRU'dNG a NUdc TA HIEN NAY Mdsi) :Q.\-96.10 Chii tri de tdi : TRAN NGpC LIEU Cdn ho phdi hap : • TS N"uven Ham (iia : Kiioa Triet hoc - NCS Dinh Huru Phi •:; Tl HA XOI, N(iAY • M ' ' '•!'." : Van phong Chmh phii ••' i' ijh';MT!i:!i;,;:^'^ ' H U V K ^ THA.\(; NAM 2()()() MUC LUC Trang LCJIM6DAU 1 Tinh cap thifit cua d^ tai Tinh hinh nghifin curu Muc dich va nhiem vu cua di tai Ca sa ly luan va phuang phap nghien cuu Y nghla ly luan va thuc tien Ke't cau cua di tai PHAN N O I DUNG Chuang : KHAI LUAN VE QUAN LY 1.1 Khai niem quan ly 1.2 Quan ly xa h6i- khai niem va cac cSp b6 13 Chtfome : VAI TRO CUA DANG CONG SAN V6l TLT CACH LA CHU THg QUAN LY XA HOI TRONG QUA TRINH CHUYDN SANG CO CH^THj TRl/ONG HUdC TA HI$N NAY 20 2.1 Dac trung cua qua trinh chuye^n sang ca che'ihi trucmg a nuacta 20 2.2 Chu the^ quan ly xa h6i duoi su lanh dao cua Dang a nuac ta hien 34 2.3 Tinh ta't ye'u dac trung n6i dung va phuong thuc lanh dao cua Dang c6ng san a nuac ta hien 46 Chuang : NANG CAO VAI TRO VA HIEU QUA LANH DAO CUA DANG TRONG DIEU KIEN HI$N NAY HUdC TA 68 3.1 Cac ye'u to' anh hudng de'n vai tro va hieu qua lanh dao cua Dang 68 3.2 Nhung noi dung ca ban nham nang cao vai tro va hieu qua lanh dao cua Dang d nuac ta hien KET LUAN: SO TAI LIEU THAM KHAO : S2 L6I Md DAU Tinh cap thiet ciia de tai : Xa hoi la moi cong d6ng nguoi duac quan ly va lu quan ly a nuoc la nhieu chu ihe iham gia ihuc hien lac dong quan ly len xa hoi hinh ihanh he ihong quan ly xa hc)i Trong dieu kien chuyen sang ca che ihi iruong, vai iro va sir tham gia ihuc hien quan ly xa hoi ciia cac chii the quan ly co sir khac ve mat so lugng va chat luang linh chai, quy mo va phucmg ihuc ciia quan ly - sir phat trien ciia xa hoi Viel Nam la nhirng qua irinh dugc tao bang ket qua long hgp ciia cac tac dpng quan ly ciia nhieu chii the Irong Dang cong san la mgi irong nhirng chii the dong vai iro quyet dinh Dang c(")ng san Viel Nam, vai iU each la moi lire lugng, chinh Iri, lanh dao cac qua irinh phai irien xa hgi do, la chii the chii yeu ciia quan ly xa hpi Trong \ai iro chii the quan ly xa hpi Dang cong san vach ducmg loi chien luge phai irien xa hpi, dal muc lieu cho moi giai doan phat Irien va de phucmg phap ihuc hien cac muc lieu ay Su lanh dao ciia Dang cong san cc') nc)i dung ccv ban la lao va bao dam sir phoi hgp cac cc) gang chung ihong nhal, mc)i sue manh tong hc;tp huong vao viec xay dung xa hpi, xa hoi chii nghla d nudc la Vd] y nghla de lai " Ddng cong sdn - chu the qudn ly xd hoi dieu kien co che thi tru&ng a nuac ta hien " la mpi de tai co y nghTa cap thiel \e Iv luan xa ihuc lien dac biel cac ihe luc ihij dich dan^ n^av canu dung mpi am muu \'a ihii doan de phii nhan vai iro lanh dao ciia Dang cc)ng san \'iei Nam Tinh hinh nghien cuu : CcS nhieu cong trinh nghien cuu lien quan toi de lai: - Chii nghla xa hpi va quan ly cua N4ac co - Mai cop - Ly luan chung ve quan ly cua K P6 - Pop - Nhung ca sa khoa hpc va ly luan ve quan ly Nha nudc xa hpi chii nghla Nhirng cc)ng trinh dc') da giai quxci nhung \'an de ly luan chung ve quan Iv xa lipi Nhimg dac irimg ciia cac chii ihe quan Iv Ucmg chii nghla xa hoi nuc'rc nhieu ccmg trinh de cap ic^i cac van de ve hoai dpng va vai irc) ciia Dang cc)ng san cV nuc^c la hien nay: - Su lanh dao va hoai dc')ng ciia Dang irong dieu kien ccr che thi irucmg cua NguySn Phu Trcmg - Sir lanh dao ciia Dang irong moi sc") ilnh vuc irong yeu ciia dc^i sc'ing xa hc)i ciia Le Van Ly (chii bien) - Vai Irc) lanh dao ciia Dang cone san tronj^ ccmg cong cuoc ddi mai dal nuctc ciia Nguy6n Trpng Phiic.v.v Nhung cong trinh da de cap iai nhieu khfa canh khac wi tfnh lat yeu, muc lieu, noi dung, phuang thuc lanh dao ciia Dang Irong mdi quan he vc'^i he thc'ing chinh tri ciia nudc la hien Tuy nhien cac cc)ng irlnh dc5 chua di sau vao viec luan giai Dang cong san vc'^i lu each la mc)l chii the quan ly xa hoi dud] gdc khoa hoc quan ly -V Muc dich va nhiem vy cua de tai : Tren ca scV khoa hpc quan ly de lai nham lam ro dac irung, vi irf, vai iro chuc nang ciia Dang cong san \'d\ tu each la chii the quan ly Irong dieu kien hien d nudc l a v De dal dugc muc dich iren, de lai thuc hien cac nhiem vu sau: / ^ Lam re*) khai niem quan ly xa hpi va chi he thcmg chii the quan ly xa hpi hien d nudc la dudi su lanh dao cua Dang cc^ng san - Vach tfnh lai yeu, dac irung, n()i dung va phucmg ihuc lanh dao ciia Daniz cc')ng san - Dua cac giai phap nham nang cao xai iro va hieu qua lanh dao ciia Dang giai doan hien d nucSc la y ' Co sd ly luan va phuong phap nghien cuu : De tai dugc thuc hien tren ca sd ly luan chii nghTa vai lich sir ciia chii nghla Mac - Lenin, tu ludng Ho Chf Minh ve id chuc va xay dung Dang va cac van kien cua Dang cong san Viel Nam qua cac ky dai hpi va cac hoi nghi trung Ucmg ve cucmg Ilnh dudng lc)i phai Irien kinh le -xa hpi ciia dal nUc'^c De lai sir dung phuang phap luan vai bien chung va vai lich su, ket hgp cac phuang phap logfc- lich su phucmg phap idng hc;p phan tfch.v.v de liep can van de lien quan Y nghia ly luan va thirc tien : - De Idl gc)p phan lam ro ve mat ly luan van de quan ly xa hc)i va quan ly xa hoi d \'\c\ Nam - Vach dau irung noi dung, phucmg ihuc lanh dao ciia Dang til g('^)p phan lam co sd cho vice xac dinh chuc nang lanh dao ciia Dang irong dieu kien cc^ che ihi irucmg a nudc la hien - Lam lai lieu giang day chuyen de cho sinh vien chuyen nganh quan ly xa h()i va lai lieu iham khao cho nhirng nguoi quan lam den van de lien quan Ket cau cua de tai Ngoai phan md dau, kei luan va danh muc tai lieu tham khao de lai bao gdm ba chuang bay liel Chuong 1: Khai niem ve quan ly 1.1: Khai mem quan l\ 1.2: Quan ly xa hgi: khai niem ve cac cap d() ChuanH 2: Nai tro cua Dang cong san \Q\ tu each la chu the quan ly xa hoi qua trinh chuyen sang co che ihi trudng d nudc ta hien 2.1: Dac trung ciia qua irinh chuyen sang ca che thi imcmg d nuc'ifc la 2.2: Qiii the quan ly xa hc)i duci^i su lanh dao ciia Dang cV nudc la hien 2.3: Ti'nh laT yeu dac liimg, n()i dung va phUcmg ihuc lanh dao ciia Dang cong san d nudc la hien na\' Chuong 3: Nang cao vai tro va hieu qua lanh dao ciia Dang dieu kien hien d nudc ta 3.1: Cac yeu id anh hucVng den vai iro \'a hieu qua lanh dao ciia Dang 3.2: Nhung nc^i dung ca ban nham nang cao vai Ird va hieu qua lanh dao ciia Dane d nudc la hien na}' CHUONG KHAI LUAN VE QUAN LY 1.1 KHAI NIEM QUAN LY 1.1.L Sa lirgc cac quan niem khac ve quan ly Quan ly la mgi khai niem bao chua n()i dung rc)ng km vay cd nhieu each tiep can va each hieu khac Thai cd dai, d Trung Qudc, nhimg tu tudng quan ly chua tach khdi he thdng quan di^m Triet hgc, chinh tri hgc va dao due hgc - Quan ly thdi ky dugc xem xel duc3d gdc vT mo : dd la cong viec tri nuac cua cac ong Vua Quan ly ddng nha't vdi cai tri - quan ly la tac dgng mot chieu, ngi dung, muc lieu va phuang thuc luy thugc vao y chf cua chu lhe\ Mac Tu (480 - 420) cho rSng : Cong viec ciia Dai nhan (nguai cai tri) chi la d cho lap hcjfp dugc nhieu ngudi hien Quan ly hay cai tri, nhu vay, duc;c hieu la ccmg viec ciia mot sd fl ngudi, ngi dung ciia nd chi la cV viec diing ngudi Mac Tii* de cao nhimg gia iri lu do, binh dang lu nhien ciia ngucVi Nguyen nhan cua ilnh ti'ang loan lac, ngheo ddi la chien Iranh, ke giau de nen, xuc pham ngudi ngheo, sd fl ndm quyen lire cudp bdc sd dc)ng vc) quyen, ke yeu hen bi bgn gian le ap buc lira dao va ke cai iri khong xel xu cong minh va tham lam dpc ac De khac phuc linh Irang do, Mac Tu dua thuyet "kiem ai": nghTa la ''mpi ngudi nen yen thucmg nhau" de ciing hudng lc;i Dd la quan diem ciia mpi ngudi dung tren lap irucmg ciia tang IcTp lieu ihii ccmg mang mau sac khong tucmg Lao Tu (cung thdi khdng tu) vdi chii truang ihiel lap mot xa hpi binh yen vc^i mc)l qudc gia nhd be, dan fl, hien lanh, chat phat, khdng can hpc van, khcmg can binh khf, khong can phuang lien di lai Mudn vay theo Lao Tu phai thuc hien chfnh sach "Vo vi" nghTa la ngudi nSm quyen phai Ichiem nhudng, khcmg nen diing bao lire ma dung "dao" de cam hda dan chiing Vdi Lao Tir "Vd vi nhi bat vd vi" tuc la phai thuc thi diing dao Khdng Tu (551-479 TCN) chu truang xay dung mot xa hdi phong kien cd tcm ti Iral tu, lay "Tam cucmg", "ngu Ihudng" lam nen lang De cci duc;c xa hpi nhu vay, ngudi cai tri phai dimg "due tri": mpi phuang phap cai tri dijng lai due ciia chfnh nha cai tri lam guang de giao hda dan, khien hp noi theo Khcmg Tu cho rang "lam chfnh tri ma diing due (de cam hda dan) thf nhu Bac d^u d m ()l noi ma cac ngdi khac hucmg ve ca"^" Vi vay ngudi cai Iri phai cd day dii nhan trf dung va phai lu- le- iri - binh Han Phi Tu (280-233 TCN) cd quan niem dc)i lap vdi Khdng Tu Theo dng ban tfnh cua ngudi la ac va vi lgi la tranh gianh gay loan lac, hdn dgn Vi vay khdng the cai tri hg bang dao due, bang nhan nghTa ma phai bang sue manh ve quyen lire, sir dung the - thuSl - phap de khuat phuc mgi ngudi cd nhu vay xa hdi mdi dugc trl va phat trien Nhu vay bdn dai bieu bang cac each liep can khac ve quan ly: "kiem ai", "vd vi", "due tri", "phap tri" da gdp phan lao nen su da dang vao kho lang tri thuc ve quan ly ciia nhan loai Nhung tu tudng dd mang gia tri lau ben va cd lac ddm: anh hucmi: ldi niiax' na\' Vuc;n qua dem irudng irung cci, sang thdi can, hien dai phucmg thuc san xual tu ban dugc xac lap, cm dinh va phai trien, d Phucmg Tay hang loal hgc thuyet quan ly ddi, quan ly dugc xem xel ca dudi vT md va vT md, ca ITnh vuc kinh le va Iron*: cac loai hinh id chuc xa hdi khac F.W.Taylor (1856-1915) dugc coi la cha de eua thuyet "quan ly theo khoa hgc" Ong la ngudi dal nen mcmg ho sir ddi cua khoa hgc quan ly.Taylor dinh nghTa: "quan ly la biel dugc chfnh xac dieu ban mudn ngudi khac lam va sau dd khien dugc hp hoan cdng viec mdi each lot nhal va re nhal" V.I.Lenin danh gia cao ihuyel quan ly ciia Taylor va cho rSng nucvc Nga cd the van dung nd irong edng cuc)c xay dung chii nghTa xa hpi "Nhiem vu ma nudc cdng hoa xa hdi chii nghia xd vie! se phai giai quyel, cd the neu '" Niiuven Hien Lc: Luan n^iii Nxb Van IKV Ha N o\ n.un 1995 ii mdt each van lac nhu sau: Chiing la phai ap dung phucmg phap Taylor va nang cao nang suat lao dpng theo kieu khoa hoc ciia ngudi My irong ca nudc Nga, ket hgp phucmg phap ay vai viec giam h&i thdi gian lao dgng, vai viec sii* dung nhiing phuang phap san xuat va td chuc lao dpng mdfi ma khdng gay mc)l thiel hai nao ddi vc^i sue lao ddng ciia nhan dan lao dc)ng" " Mar>' Parker PoUetl (1863 - 1933) cd each nliin khac vdi Taylor va Payol cho r^ng: quan ly khdng chi la van de ky thual ma la van de ve mdi quan he ngudi, la "nghe thual khien cho cdng viec ciia ban duc;c thuc hien thc)ng qua ngudi khac" Nghe thuat quan ly dugc van dung trcmg viec giai quyel mau thuSn giua chii the va khach the quan ly, trcmg viec menh lenh va quyel dinh quan ly va dac biel de hoan muc lieu ciia id chuc ngudi quan ly phai y thuc dugc mdi quan he giira quyln han va trach nhiem giiia quyen luc va tham quyen, phat huy va khai day trach nhiem luy tfch, lay "qui luat hoan canh" lam ca sd cho nghe thuat quan ly.Nhung ddng gdp ciia Pollei mang mdt y nghTa vugt trudc thdi dai Song nhirng quan niem ciia ba mang tfnh tam, khdng tudng bieu hien cua mdt nguai cd lam long ddn hau C.I, Barnard (1886 - 1961) bang hgc thuc uyen bac, vc^i kinh nghiem ciia mot ccm ngucti lao luyen va mcM the gicn quan nhan van da liep can quan ly dUcVi gdc ly thuyet he thcmg Ong cho rang: "quan ly khdng phai la ccmg viec ciia id chuc ma ma la cdng viec chuyen mdn nham iri id chuc Dieu can ban cho sir tdn lai ciia td chuc la sir san sang hgp lac, kha nang thdng lin va su thiia nhan muc dfch chung"*^\ Ly ihuyel ve td chuc ciia Barnard da dua den mot each tiep can khoa hgc ve quan ly Dd la each liep can loan dien, xem xel cac van de trcmg mdi lien he, tac ddng qua lai lan va nhd dd mang lai "tfnh trgi" ciia he thcmg Nhung quan niem cua Barnard ve cac yeu id ca ban cua id chuc, ve qua U-inh quyel dinh, ve cac nguyen lac id chuc ve cac klifa canh ciia id chuc chfnh ihuc ve he thdng chuc vi va ve dao due ciia nguc^i lanh dao la nhiing dcing gc)p lo Ic'm cho kho lang Iri thuc ve quan ly ciia nhan loai "' \M, Lenin:Toan tap Nxb uen b6 Matxcma 1978, ihi irucrng 174 '•'Cac hoc iluiyct quan ly - Nxb clu'nli m quoc »;ia Ha NOi 1996 - Tr: 1()S Peter Drucke - la nha tu tudng quan ly tieu bieu ciia "lan sdng ihu ba" cho rang: "quan ly la mot chuc nang xa hgi vdi nhung he gia in nc)i dung, phucmg phap bien ddi khdng ngirng"'^' Ong chia quan ly gdm : quan ly mdi doanh nghiep, quan ly cac nha quan ly va quan ly cdng nhan, ccmg viec Nhirng loai quan ly cd dac irung khac va mang lai nhiing he gia in nha'l dinh - quan niem ciia P Drucke gdp phan mang lai each nhin nhan quan ly d nhirng tang bac khac Tir dd cd the thay dugc khiem khuyet ciia cac irudng phai quan ly cd dien Qua nghien cuu mot each sa luge nhirng quan niem khac ve quan ly, chiing ta thay rang: Nhung tu tudng ve quan ly la su phan anh, thirc lien trcmg nhung giai doan lich sir nhal dinh - dong thdi nhirng tu tudng ve quan ly chiu sir chi phdi cua quan niem xual phat ve ban chat ciia ngudi ciia cac nha quan ly Trong sir phat trien eiia nhirng tu tucmg quan ly chiing cd tfnh ke thiia Tu tucmg quan ly hel sue da dang, phong phii, chiing cd nhung uu diem, nhuge diem nhat dinh - song theo lien Uinh lich sir nhan thirc cua nhan loai iri thuc ve quan ly dan tiep can tcifi ban chat ciia van de 1.1.2 Noi dung khai niem quan ly Tir nhiing each hieu khac ve quan ly, chiing la cd the nil nhiing ncM dun^ ca ban ciia khai niem quan Iv ma nhiini: ndi dung nav la mane ifnh phd quat nd the hien ban chat ciia quan ly Quan ly la hoat dgng mang tinh khach quan ve phd bien Dieu dd the hien d chd: quan Iv la mdi dan^: hoai ddne Ircmg vd lucmt: hoat dcm^: ciia ngudi Nd lat yeu sinh cd su tham gia hoat dgng va lao dgng ciia nhieu ngudi Chung la biel rang: ngudi tir budi binh minh ciia lich sir da biet ket hgp vdi nhirng nhdm, nhiing cdng ddng de lao nen sue manh nham chdng thien nhien va thii du de tri sir tdn lai ciia minh, Ciang vc'yi sir xuat hien nhirng cdng ddng ngudi va xa hdi loai ngudi ihi mgi nhu cau lat yeu cQng dugc hinh dd la quan ly Cac Mac cho rang: "lat ca mpi lao ' " r s iVi MniliC'uan^ - Nliun^ van (ic vC* qi:aii 1\ khat hoc con^! n*:hc N\h C'hmii in (^uoc ^i.; 199N n ^ r dong xa hgi hay lao dgng chung nao tien hanh tren quy md tuang ddi ldn thi ft nhieu cQng can den mot sir chi dao de dieu hda nhirng hoat ddng ca nhan va thuc hien nhirng chiic nang phat sinh tir su van ddng ciia loan bc) ca the khac vai sir van dgng cua khf quan dgc lap cua nd Mot ngudi ddc tau vT cam tu minh dieu khien lay minh, cdn mdt dan nhac thi can phai cd nhac trucmg"^"' Nhu vay, ngudi khdng the ldn lai mgi each biel lap, tach khdi cdng ddng Con ngudi chi tdn tai thdng qua hoat dgng Qua hoat ddng, ngudi cd nhirng quan he vc7i tu nhien va vdi ngudi khac, ngudi cimg tham gia hoat dgng thi ta't yeu phai cd mot "y chf dieu khien" tiic tat yeu phai cd quan ly Mat khac nhu cau chi phdi ma hoat dgng cua ngudi hel sue da dang va phong phii, vay nd tham gia vao vo lugng cac quan he va thiel lap nen nhieu the che Cho nen quan ly khong chi tdn tai d mot loai hinh td chiic nhal dinh ma xua't hien d mgi loai hinh td chiic Quan ly la hoat dpng bleu hien thong qua mdi quan he tac dong giura ngudi vdi ngudi Dd la mdi quan he giira chu the quan ly va khach the quan ly Chu the quan ly la mdt ngudi, mot nhdm ngudi hay mdt td chiic ngudi (luy vao tfnh chat muc tieu va quy md cua khach the quan ly) cd quyen luc nhal dinh va bang y thiic va quyen lire dua nhimg tac ddng quan ly (id chiic, dieu chinh, kiem tra vdi nhirng cdng cu quan ly) hudng tc^i khach the quan ly de phdi hgp cac hoat dgng rieng le nham thuc hien muc lieu cua chii the va muc tieu td chiic Khach the quan ly la mdt nhdm ngudi, mdt cong ddng ngudi hay loan bd xa hdi Ngudi cd kha nang tu van ddng, he dieu chinh va la ben liep nhan nhimg tac ddng quan ly tu phfa chu the, chuyen chiing nhirng hanh vi hoat dgng an khc?p nhip nhang nham thuc hien muc lieu chung ciia id chuc Chii the va khach the quan ly cd nhimg nhu cau, lgi fch, ccmg cu va phuang lien de dal muc tieu ma chiing cd the ddi lap, khac biel hay ihcine nhal -' Ma\-F Anghen lain lap lap 23, Nxb CTC^"^ Ha NOi 199.3 ir: 480 CHUONG NANG CAO VAI TRO VA fflEU QUA LANH DAO CUA DANG TRONG DIEU KIEN HIEN NAY NUdC TA 3.1 CAC YEU TO ANH HLTONG DEN VAI TRO VA HIEU QUA LANH OAO CUA DANG Trong truang di phan tfch va khang djnh sir lanh dao ciia Dang la mot yeu cau tat yeu khach quan ciia sir nghiep ddi me'ti d nuc'ic ta va thuc te hien Viet Nam da va dang thuc hien ihang Icti yeu cau khach quan dd Trong dieu kien nueic va qudc te hien nay, de hoan sur menh ljch sir cua dang, mdt van de cap thiei dat la phai nang cao vai trd va hieu qua lanh dao ciia dang Ducii gdc dp khoa hpc quan ly, vai Ud va hieu qua lanh dao cua dang ddi vdi xa hdi ndi chung va ddi vai cac chii the quan ly quan ly xa hpi ndi neng phu thudc vao nhieu yeu td; yeu td khach quan, yeu td chii quan; yeu td ben trong, yeu id ben ngoai De lai liep can cac yeu id dd mdi quan he giua lanh dao, quan ly bao gdm: chii the, khach the lanh dao; mdi trucmg lanh dao, nc^)i dung va phucmg thiire lanh dao Ve chil the lanh dao lure la ndi den Dang, td chuc dang va de)i ngu dang vien Day la nhan td ddng vai trd quyel djnh den vai trd va hieu qua lanh dao ciia Dang Ve khach the lanh dao d day chu yeu de cap den Nha nudc, eac co quan Nha nueic, cac td chiic chfnh trj - xa hdi, td chuc xa hdi Cac ca quan va td churc nay vira la khach the lanh dao cua Dang vira la nhumg cdng cu ma Dang, td chuc Dang, dang vien sir dung de thuc hien su lanh dao ciia minh ddi vc'ti xa hdi Cac cdng cu hoat ddng ddng meit vai trd quan trpng anh huc'mg den hieu qua hoat ddng 6K Ca hai chu the va khach the lanh dao d nucic ta hien nav deu bieu hien nhumg tdn tai va bat cap, chua dap ung va theo kjp qua irlnh ddi mcii va qudc te boa, hpi nhap quci'c te Ve van de van kien Dai hc:)i Dang lan thii' VIII khang djnh: "Nang lire va hieu qua lanh dao ciia Dang, hieu lire quan ly, dieu hanh cua Nha nude, hieu qua hoat dcing ciia cae doan the chfnh tri, xa hdi chua nang len kip vcii ddi hdi ciia tinh hinh Be) may Dang, Nha nuc'tc doan the cham duac sap xep lai, tinh giam va nang cao chai luang, cdn nhieu bieu hien quan lieu, vi pham nghiem Uong lam quyen lam chii ciia nhan dan Ccing tac tuyen chpn, bdi dudng, thay ddi, tu van can bcT), chuan bj can bc) ke can cdn lung lung, cham Ire Nang lire va dc^)i pham chai dc)i ngu can be) chua tucmg xiimg veii yeu cau nhiem vu Dieu dang lo ngai la mc:)l sd can be), dang vien phai nhat ly tucmg each mang, tha hoa ve pham chai, dao dure; siic chien dau ciia mdt sc) be) phan cet sei Dang yeu kem"''' Nghj quyei Trung uang sau (lan 2) ciia Ban chap hanh Trung Ucmg khoa VIII cung chi rd: "Tuy nhien tfnh yeu ciiu ddi mcii cang cao ciia su nghiep each mang Dang dang hoc Id mdt sd yeu kem: sir suy thoai ve tu tudng chi'nh tri; tinh trang tham nhung, quan lieu lang phf ciia mdt be) phan can bd, dang vien cd cd chieu hueing phat trien nghiem trpng ban Viec thuc hien nghiem tiic tap trung dan chu kinh nghiep, bd may td chuc ciia Dang, nha nuc'tc cham dupe cung cd va ddi mdi.*'^ Ve mdi trudng lanh dao, de cap den mdi tructng trfnh tri xa h(^)i, bao gdm ca yeu td khach quan va chii quan ca yeu td nuc'tc va queic te; Mdi tnremg lanh dao iruc'tc hei la the che xa hdi Day la mc:)t yeu td cung gdp phan anh hucmg rat kin den kei qua lanh dao va quan ly d nucic ta hien mdi iruem^^ lanh dao, quan ly cung ton tai bai cap nhai dmh lam han che vai trd va hieu qua lanh dao ciia Dang Hien tucmg "ddc quyen chan ly'" irii dap cap ducii ciia mdt bd phan can bd lanh dao: bung bfl ihdng tin true thdng tin sai lech da gay ien su bai binh, thieu tin tueing, thd a dai da so quan chiing nhan dan Bau kheing khf dan chu ccti md mdi chi ldn lai iren ly ihuyei ^hua \'aii kieii Dill liontu (iai bicu loan quoc-lan Ihu v m W H ' liiniun'v^t'j'- -^i^- i 1-'No' l'/>^' iroii^''f' '.7 6ej thuc sir di vao cudc sdng Mat khac, sir phat tnen cila xa he:)i tren khap ca nUcic chua cd su ddng deu, cdn cd su khac qua xa giua thj va ndng thdn giua mien xudi va mien niii, cung anh hucmg rat lein den vai trd va hieu qua lanh dao cua Dang Ve ndi dung va phucmg thuc lanh dao Van de da dupc de cap d chucmg 2, d day chu yeu de cap den mcii quan he lanh dao, quan ly giua Dang, id churc Dang, Dang vien vc'ti cac cct quan id chuc xa hc)i khac va phuemg thiire phii help veii deii tucmg lanh dao Van de cd anh huemg rat Ic'm den vai trd va hieu qua lanh dao Quan he giua dang, Nha nudc va cac td chuc xa hcii khdng dupc xac dinh rd rang, cu the dan den lan lein chuc nang, nhiem vu se gay hieu qua tieu cue den lanh dao quan Iy Thuc hien d nucic ta hien hay cac nghj quyet ciia Dang, cac van ban Nha nudc deu ghi: Dang lanh dao, nha nUe'tc quan ly, nhan dan lam chii, nhung tren thuc te mdi quan he dd khdng dupe the che hem, khdng duetc thuc hien rd rang minh bach, lam giam vai trd lanh dao, ciia Dang va hieu luc quan ly ciia nha nuc'tc; trd me)t ihii dan chil chung chung khdng cd ncT)! dung, khdng cd chii the Mat khac, xa hdi da cd sir phat trien, dan chii, ddi tucmg lanh dao da cd su phat tnen, hieu biei cao ve xa hdi, ma van tri dpng nhumg phuemg thu'c lanh dao nhu trucic day thi vd tinh da thap vai trd lanh dao ciia Dang, chua ndi den hieu qua lanh dao Tir sir trinh bay va phan tfch tren day cho tha'y giai phap de nang cao vai trd va hieu qua lanh dao ciia Dang dieu kien hien d nuctc ta phai la nhiing giai phap ddng bd, phai giai quel ddng thdi nhieu van de, nhieu ndi dung ciing meit liic, va viec thuc hien giai phap ddng be) dd phai mc:)t thdi ky tuong deii dai chu" khdng the lam meit luc, mc)t lan la xong, qua trinh dd phcii ean vcii qua trinh ddi mcii va hdi nhap qudc le ctia dan te)c Vcii yeu cau ciia de tai va kha nang cho phep chune tdi se de cap den mdt sd ndi dung cct ban nham nang cao vai trd va hieu qua lanh dao ciia Dang irong giai doan hien nav 7f) 3.2 N H Q N G NO! DUNG CO BAN NHAM NANG CAO VAI TRO VA HIEU QUA LANH DAO CUA DANG NUOC TA HIEN NAY Nhu phan tren da trinh bay, de nang cao vai trd va hieu qua lanh dao cua Dang vdi giai doan hien phai la nhirng giai phap ddng bd, lau dai, gan veii qua trinh ddi mdi va hpi nhap qudc te ciia dat nudc Qua nghien cuu thuc te va cac van kien ciia Dang va phap luat Nha nudc, chiing tdi dua n(;)i dung ea ban va quan trpng giai phap ddng be) dd: 1, The che boa quan he giira Dang, Nha nudc va cac td chuc doan the xa hcii 2, Kien toan he thcmg id chuc Dang, nang vai trd lanh dao ciia Dang tren nhung nc;)i dung chu yeu.3, Nang cao nang lire, pham chai va trach nhiem ciia dpi ngu dang vien bd may Nha nUeic Td chuc doan the xa hcii Ve viec the che hoa nghi quyei ciia Dang.4, Tiep tuc day manh cdng cue")c cai each Nha nuctc ddi mdi td chuc va phuemg thiire lanh dao ciia cac id chiirc doan the xa hdi 5, Tiep cue thuc hien chil trucmg dan chu hoa ddi sdng xa hdi, phat huy quyen lam chii ciia nhan dan trone viee tham i?ia xav dune Dane Nha nuc'tc va quan Iv xa hdi Sau dav se di vao Ulnh bay cu the nhung ndi dung neu tren 3.2-1 The che hoa quan he giua Dang, Nha nudc va cac td chuc doan the xa hpi Nhu da trinh bay d cac chucmg, phan tren, quan he giira Dang, Nha nuc'tc, Td chirc xa hdi da dupe ghi nhan cac nghi quyei ciia Dang va dupe hien thuc hoa ddi sei'ng la Dang lanh dao, Nha nuc'tc quan ly, nhan dan lam chil Nhung dieu kien hien Dang lanh dao (Dang cam quyen), xay dung Nha nudc phap quyen Vai trd lanh dao ciia Dang ddi vdi Nha nudc va cac td chiic xa hcii can phai dupc the che hoa bang nhiing quy djnh phap luat, d tat ca cac cap cac ca quan ciia Dang va Nha nueic tren cac ndi dung lanh dao va quan ly Tren ca sd dd phan dinh ducic ranh gic'ti giua lanh dao ciia Dang va quan ly ciia Nha nuc'tc d cac cap Vai trd lanh dao cua Dang chi ductc xac dinh rd rang va tang cUc^mg mdi quan he giua Dang, Nha nuctc id chuc xa hdi ducic xac dinh cu the Khau hieu chiine la neu ra: Scing va lam viec 71 theo hien phap, phap luat", ma quan he giii'a Dimg, Nha nuctc, td chuc xa hpi khong duac the che hoa ve mat phap luat, thi khd cd the thuc hien nguyen tac sei'ng va lam viec theo Hien phap, phap luat Mcii quan he giiia Dang, Nha nucic, td chii'c xa hdi, hien da dupe cu the eac nghj quyet ciia Dang, td chuc Dang, nhung chua duac the che hoa nhiing quy dinh phap luat Nha nucic Dieu Hien phap 1992 ghi nhan Dang cdng san Viet Nam la lire lucmg lanh dao Nha nudc va xa hdi, td churc Dane hoat ddne trone khudn khd Hien phap, phap lual Nhtimg quyet djnh phap luat ve quan he giiia Dang va Nha nucic mcii chi ven ven cd the, chua du co sd phap ly eu the eho cac quan he giira td chuc Dang va ca quan Nha nudc tren timg ncii dung quan ly, lanh dao ci cac ca'p Can phai cd sir dau tu, nghien cim de dua nhumg quy djnh cu the cua Dang ve mdi quan he giua Dang, Nha nuc'tc, td chii'c xa hc)i vao nhumg van ban phap luat ciia Nha nucic Neu khdng Iam ductc dit^u dd thi nhai dinh se dan den linh trang hoac id churc Dang bao bicin lamrk-iVlan sau cac cet quan nha nuc'tc id chiirc xa hcii, hoac cac co quan Nha nuc'tc, id chuc xa hdi, meil sd can bd lanh dao vd hieu hoa vai trd lanh dao ciia td churc Dane Trone ca hai trucmg hop neu tren deu thap vai trd ciia Dang va lam giam hieu lire quan ly ciia nha nudc Xung quanh van de nay, cd ngudi cho rang, khdng the the che hoa mdt each cu the quan he giiia Dang, Nha nudc, td churc xa hc ky thuat Ha Ndi 199S S Nguyen Phii Trpng: Su lanh dao va boat ddng ciia Dang cdng san irong dieu kien cct che thi truemg Nxb, CTQG,.Ha Ne)i nam 1995 Le Van Ly (chii bien): Su lanh dao ciia Dang mdt sd ITnh vuc yeu ciia deii sei'ng xa hdi Nxb chfnh trj queic gia Ha Ndi S2 ... nuac ta hien 34 2.3 Tinh ta' t ye'u dac trung n6i dung va phuong thuc lanh dao cua Dang c6ng san a nuac ta hien 46 Chuang : NANG CAO VAI TRO VA HIEU QUA LANH DAO CUA DANG TRONG DIEU KIEN HI$N NAY. .. CACH LA CHU THg QUAN LY XA HOI TRONG QUA TRINH CHUYDN SANG CO CH^THj TRl/ONG HUdC TA HI$N NAY 20 2.1 Dac trung cua qua trinh chuye^n sang ca che'ihi trucmg a nuacta 20 2.2 Chu the^ quan ly xa... the va khach the quan ly cd tac ddng qua lai bien chiing, vay sir phan biet giira chiing chi cd y nghTa tuang ddi Ban than mdi quan he cd rat nhieu tang, bac khac tao nen linh da dang, phong