SIDE EFFECTS OF DRUGS ANNUAL 31 A worldwide yearly survey of new data and trends in adverse drug reactions and interactions EDITOR J K ARONSON MA, DPhil, MBChB, FRCP, FBPharmacolS, FFPM (Hon) Reader in Clinical Pharmacology University Department of Primary Health Care Rosemary Rue Building, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK Amsterdam – Boston – Heidelberg – London – New York – Oxford Paris – San Diego – San Francisco – Singapore – Sydney – Tokyo Elsevier Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 GB, UK First edition 2009 Copyright © 2009 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: 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publications visit our website at elsevierdirect.com Printed and bound in UK 09 10 11 12 10 Contributors R.J ALI, BMEDSCI (HONS), BMBS, MRCP Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3LJ, UK E-mail: hfellows@hotmail.com M.C ALLWOOD, BPHARM, PHD Pharmacy Academic Practice Unit, School of Biological, Forensic and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Derby, Mickleover, Derby, UK E-mail: M.C.Allwood@derby.ac.uk BRIAN J ANGUS, MD Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK E-mail: brian.angus@ndm.ox.ac.uk J.K ARONSON, MA, DPHIL, MBCHB, FRCP, FBPHARMACOLS, FFPM(HON) University Department of Primary Health Care, Rosemary Rue Building, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK E-mail: jeffrey.aronson@clinpharm.ox.ac.uk I AURSNES, MD University of Oslo, Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, PO Box 1065 Blindern, N­ 0316 Oslo, Norway E-mail: i.a.aursnes@labmed.uio.no PATRICK A BALL, PHD Charles Sturt University, Correspondence Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia E-mail: pball@csu.edu.au V.V BANU REKHA, MBBS Tuberculosis Research Centre, Mayor VR Ramanathan Road, Chetpet, Chennai 600031, India E-mail: banu24@yahoo.com M BEHREND, MD, PHD Klinik für Viszeral-, GefäX-, Thorax- und Kinderchirurgie, Klinikum Deggendorf, Perlasberger Str 41, D-94469 Deggendorf, Germany E-mail: matthias.behrend@klini­ kum-deggendorf.de STEFAN BEYENBURG, MD Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, rue Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg E-mail: Beyenburg.Stefan@chl.lu KRISTIEN BOELAERT, MRCP, PHD Division of Medical Sciences, IBR Building 2nd floor, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK E-mail: k.boelaert@bham.ac.uk v vi Contributors FELIX BRAUN, MD Klinik für Allgemeine Chirurgie und Thoraxchirurgie, Zentrum Chirurgie, Universität Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Strasse 7, 24105 Kiel, Germany E-mail: felix.m.braun@gmx.de DIETER C BROERING, MD Klinik für Allgemeine Chirurgie und Thoraxchirurgie, Zentrum Chirurgie, Universität Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Strasse 7, 24105 Kiel, Germany E-mail: broering@uke.uni-hamburgh.de T.F BUTT, MBCHB, MRCP(UK) Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK E-mail: t.f.butt@bham.ac.uk ANDREW BYRNE, BA, MB, BCH, BAO, MRCPSYCH, DIPMEDSC Fieldhead Hospital, South West Yorkshire Mental Health NHS Trust, Ouchthorpe Lane, Wakefield WF1 3SP, UK E-mail: andrew.byrne@swyt.nhs.uk ALFONSO CARVAJAL, MD, PHD Instituto de Farmacoepidemiología, Facultad de Medicina, 47005 Valladolid, Spain Email: carvajal@ife.uva.es J.A CENTENO, PHD, FRSC Division of Biophysical Toxicology, Department of Environmental & Infectious Disease Sciences, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Building 54, 14th Street & Alaska Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20306-6000, USA E-mail: Centeno@afip.osd.mil K CHAN, PHD, DSC, FIBIOL, FCP, FRPHARMS, FRSM Research Institute in Healthcare Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Universities of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK E-mail: prof kchan@wlv.ac.uk N.H CHOULIS, MD, PHD LAVIPHARM Research Laboratories, Agias Marinas Street, 19002 Peania, Attika, Greece E-mail: nchoulis@lavipharm.gr J.J COLEMAN, MBCHB, MRCP(UK) Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK E-mail: j.j.coleman@bham.ac.uk NATASCIA CORTI, MD University Hospital Zurich, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland E-mail: natascia.corti@usz.ch J COSTA, MD Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Ctra de Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain E-mail: jcosta.germanstrias@gencat.cat P.J COWEN, MD University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK E-mail: phil.cowen@psych.ox.ac.uk Contributors vii STEPHEN CURRAN, BSC, MBCHB, MMEDSC, MRCPSYCH, PHD Fieldhead Hospital, South West Yorkshire Mental Health NHS Trust, Ouchthorpe Lane, Wakefield WF1 3SP, UK E-mail: steve.curran@hud.ac.uk H.R DALTON, BSC, DPHIL, FRCP, DIPMEDED Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3LJ, UK E-mail: Harry.Dalton@rcht.cornwall.nhs.uk S DITTMANN, MD, DSCMED 19 Hatzenporter Weg, 12681 Berlin, Germany E-mail: sd.internat.immun.consult@t­ online.de IDA DUARTE Santa Casa de São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil E-mail: idaduarte@terra com.br M.N.G DUKES, MD, MA, LLM Trosterudveien 19, 0778 Oslo, Norway E-mail: mngdukes@online.no RIF S EL-MALLAKH, MD Mood Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, MedCenter One, 501E Broadway, Suite 340, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA E-mail: rselma01@louisville.edu M FARRÉ, MD Unitat de Farmacologia, Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica (IMIM)-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain E-mail: mfarre@imim.es M.G FRANZOSI, PHD Department of Cardiovascular Research, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy E-mail: franzosi@marionegri.it CATHERINE FULLER, MBBS(HONS) Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6847, Australia E-mail: cathymfuller@yahoo.com SUE GALEA, MD, MRCPSYCH, MSC (ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOUR), DIP (FORENSIC MENTAL HEALTH) Centre for Addiction Studies, St George’s Hospital Medical School, 6th Floor, Hunter Wing, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK E-mail: suegalea23@yahoo.co.uk A.H GHODSE, MD, PHD, FRCP, FRCPSYCH Centre for Addiction Studies, St George’s Hospital Medical School, 6th Floor, Hunter Wing, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK E-mail: h.ghodse@sghms.ac.uk FREYA A GOUMAS, MD Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Solid Organ Transplantation, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany SARAH GUZOFSKI, MD University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 361 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA E-mail: guzofsks@ummhc.org viii Contributors JOB HARENBERG, MD Vascular Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany E-mail: job.harenberg@med.ma.uni-heidelberg.de J.T HARTMANN, PHD, MD Department of Hematology/Oncology/Immunology/Rheumatology/Pneumology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, UKT-Medical Center II, Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Rheumatology, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany E-mail: joerg.hartmann@med.uni-tuebingen.de KATHARINA HARTMANN, MSCPHARM Berna Biotech Ltd, 3000 Berne, Switzerland E-mail: hartka@bluewin.ch ALEXANDER IMHOF, MD University Hospital Zurich, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland E-mail: alexander.imhof@usz.ch NATALIA JIMENO, MD, PHD Instituto de Farmacoepidemiología, Facultad de Medicina, 47005 Valladolid, Spain E-mail: najimeno@med.uva.es MARKUS JOERGER, MD Department of Oncology and Hematology, Kantonsspital, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St Gallen, Switzerland E-mail: markus.joerger@kssg.ch CLARISSE KOBATA, MD Clinic of Dermatology, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil OLIVER KOCH Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK E-mail: oliverk@well.ox.ac.uk MAX KUHN, MD Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pneumology, Kantonsspital, Loestrasse 170, 7000 Chur, Switzerland E-mail: max.kuhn@ksgr.ch R LATINI, MD Department of Cardiovascular Research, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy E-mail: latini@marionegri.it JOSHUA H.P LAU, BMEDSCI (HONS I), MBBS Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6847, Australia E-mail: joshua_h_lau@yahoo.com.au ROSANA LAZZARINI, MD Santa Casa de São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail: lazzarini@fototerapia com.br MARTIN LEUWER, MD School of Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, The Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK E-mail: mleuwer@liv.ac.uk Contributors ix T.X LIN, MB, MSC Division of Basic Medical Institute, 103#, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Pharmacology, Beisanhuandonglu, No.11, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, PR China E-mail: ltxjimmi@163.com H.-P LIPP, PHD Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Röntgenweg 9, 72076 Tübingen, Germany E-mail: hans-peter.lipp@med.uni-tuebingen.de P MAGEE, BSC, MSC, MRPHARMS University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK E-mail: Pam.Magee@uhcw.nhs.uk A.P MAGGIONI, MD Department of Cardiovascular Research, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy E-mail: maggioni@anmco.it LUIS H MARTÍN ARIAS, MD, PHD Instituto de Farmacoepidemiología, Facultad de Medicina, 47005 Valladolid, Spain Email: lmartin@ife.uva.es R.H.B MEYBOOM, MD, PHD Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands E-mail: r.meyboom@who-umc.org T MIDTVEDT, MD, PHD Laboratory of Medical Microbial Ecology, Von Eulers v 5, Karolinska Institutet, Box 60 400, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden E-mail: tore.midtvedt@cmb.ki.se SAMEH K MORCOS, FRCS, FFRRCSI, FRCR Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals (NHS) Trust, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK E-mail: Sameh.Morcos@sth.nhs.uk SHABIR MUSA, MBCHB, MRCPSYCH Fieldhead Hospital, South West Yorkshire Mental Health NHS Trust, Ouchthorpe Lane, Wakefield WF1 3SP, UK E-mail: shabir.musa@swyt.nhs.uk R.C.L PAGE, MD, FRCP, MA(ED) Endocrine Unit, Dundee House, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB E-mail: renee.page@nuh.nhs.uk JAYENDRA K PATEL, MD University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 361 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA E-mail: patelj@ummhc.org ANITA ROTTER, MD Clinic of Dermatology, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil DIETER SCHMIDT, MD Epilepsy Research Group Berlin, Goethestrasse 5, D-14163 Berlin, Germany E-mail: dbschmidt@t-online.de x Contributors J.S.A.G SCHOUTEN, MD Department of Ophthalmology, Maastricht University Hospital, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands E-mail: J.Schouten@MUMC.nl STEPHAN A SCHUG, MD, FANZCA, FFPMANZCA Level 2, MRF Building G Block, Royal Perth Hospital, GPO Box X2213, Perth, WA 6847, Australia E-mail: stephan.schug@uwa.edu.au R.P SEQUEIRA, PHD, FCP Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, PO Box 22979, Manama, Bahrain E-mail: Sequeira@agu.edu.bh ROBERT SERAFINO Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK E-mail: robert.serafino-wani@ndm.ox.ac.uk SUSANNE SHEEHY Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK E-mail: susanne.sheehy@ndm.ox.ac.uk OSCAR OZMUND SIMOOYA, BSC, MBCHB, MSC The Copper Belt University, Health Services Division, PO Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia, Central Africa E-mail: oscar.simooya@cbu.ac.zm P.F.W STRENGERS, MD Sanquin CLB, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands E-mail: p strengers@sanquin.nl SOUMYA SWAMINATHAN, MD Tuberculosis Research Centre, Mayor VR Ramanathan Road, Chetpet, Chennai 600031, India E-mail: doctorsoumya@yahoo.com GIJSBERT B VAN DER VOET, PHD, ERT Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Building 1, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands E-mail: Gijsbert.VanderVoet@afip.osd.mil P.J.J VAN GENDEREN, MD, PHD Havenziekenhuis and Institute of Tropical Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Harbour Hospital, Haringvliet 2, 3011 TD Rotterdam, The Netherlands E-mail: p.van genderen@havenziekenhuis.nl E VAN TWUIJVER, PHD Sanquin CLB, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands E-mail: e.vantwuyver@sanquin.nl R VERHAEGHE, MD Center for Vascular Diseases, University of Leuven, Herestraat, 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium E-mail: Raymond.Verhaeghe@uz.kuleuven.ac.be P VERHAMME, MD Center for Vascular Diseases, University of Leuven, Herestraat, 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium E-mail: Peter.Verhamme@uz.kuleuven.ac.be Contributors xi G.M WALSH, MSC, PHD School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences Building, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK E-mail: g.m.walsh@abdn.ac.uk INGEBORG WELTERS, MD, PHD School of Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, The Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK E-mail: I.Welters@liv.ac.uk EILEEN J WONG, MD Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Department of Psychiatry, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130, USA E-mail: ewong88@juno.com OLIVER ZUZAN, MD Department of Anaesthesia, 12th Floor, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK E-mail: oliver.zuzan@btinternet.com Index of adverse effects 792 delirium antipsychotic drugs, 66 baclofen, 251 clarithromycin, 438 efavirenz, 486 lorazepam, 58 opioids, 149 delusional jealousy quetiapine, 89 delusions bupropion, 22 clozapine+aripiprazole, 71 nitrous oxide, 221 dementia lithium, 27–28 olanzapine, 85 quetiapine, 87 demodex folliculorum pimecrolimus, 628 demyelinating disease etanercept, 600 depersonalization psilocybin, 51 depression ciclosporin, 621 clonidine, 362 digoxin, 21 efavirenz+didanosine +emtricitabine, 483 emtricitabine, 484 levetiracetam, 117, 118 risperidone, 90 tamoxifen, 667 zonisamide, 138 derealization psilocybin, 49 dermatitis latex proteins, 762 tazarotene, 292 dermatomyositis omeprazole, 579 desaturation midazolam, 59 diabetes olanzapine, 85 diabetes insipidus lithium, 27 vasopressin, 27 diabetes mellitus antipsychotic drugs, 65 ciclosporin, 627 risperidone, 90–91 tacrolimus, 631 thiazide diuretics, 372 diarrhea alginate, 573 anagrelide, 564 aripiprazole, 71 arsenic, 385 benzimidazoles, 508 blood transfusion, 529 calcitonin, 703 cilomilast, 313 daptomycin, 446 deferoxamine, 401 emtricitabine, 484 esomeprazole, 577 esomeprazole+amoxicillin +gatifloxacin, 580 gabapentin, 71, 112 Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens, 580 lamivudine, 481 levofloxacin, 433 liraglutide, 7695 lopinavir, 488 modafinil, moxifloxacin, 434 nicotinamide, 548 octreotide, 710 omeprazole, 579 omeprazole+amoxicillin +clarithromycin, 580 ondansetron, 576 pantoprazole, 579 pantoprazole+amoxicillin +rifabutin, 580 phosphatidylcholine, 765 polyethylene glycol, 583 praziquantel, 511 quinupristin/dalfopristin, 443 renzapride, 574 roflumilast, 313 sirolimus, 629 sitagliptin, 694 stavudine, 485 DIC see disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) diffuse retinal pigment epithelial atrophy indocyanine green, 760 digitalis intoxication paroxetine, 21 diplopia botulinum toxins, 252 lamotrigine, 113 oxcarbazepine, 119 zonisamide, 138, 139 discoid lupus etanercept, 600 disorientation gabapentin, 112 oseltamivir, 489 disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) atorvastatin, 472 fresh frozen plasma, 532 heparin, 558 warfarin, 554 disturbed attention lamotrigine, 114 topiramate, 114, 125 dizziness alfentanil, 153 alfuzosin, 363 amodiaquine, 469 aripiprazole, 74 calcitonin, 703 cannabis, 33 chloroquine, 469 colistin, 441, 442 dextromethorphan, 156 dipyridamole, 564 efavirenz, 484 emtricitabine, 484 gabapentin, 110–113 lamivudine, 481, 488 lamotrigine, 113, 114 levetiracetam, 116–118 methylphenidate, morphine, 163 naltrexone, 170, 171 oseltamivir, 489 oxcarbazepine, 119, 120 phosphatidylcholine, 765 praziquantel, 511 pregabalin, 121, 122 quetiapine, 88 risperidone, 90 tiagabine, 124 topiramate, 125 tramadol, 168 zonisamide, 138, 139 DRESS dreams, altered efavirenz, 486 see drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) drowsiness antihistamines, 301 celecoxib, 192, 193 codeine, 155 dronabinol, 573 levetiracetam, 118 levocetirizine, 300 melatonin, 708 metoclopramide, 574 morphine, 163 naltrexone, 170 oxcarbazepine, 119, 120 topiramate, 125, 126 drug eruption, fixed co-trimoxazole, 445 ibuprofen, 190 etoricoxib, 193 drug hypersensitivity syndrome leflunomide, 626 drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome antiepileptic drugs, 108, 121 anticonvulsants, 133 cephalosporins, 416 citalopram, 110 phenytoin, 121 Index of adverse effects dry eyes gatifloxacin, 431 dry mouth anticholinergic drugs, 273 benzylisoquinolinium, 249 botulinum toxins, 252 dronabinol, 573 gabapentin, 112 ipratropium bromide, 312 methylphenidate, morphine, 164 olanzapine, 82 oxybutynin, 276 rabeprazole, 579 risperidone, 90 solifenacin, 273, 274 tiotropium bromide, 312 tolterodine, 273 trospium, 273 zonisamide, 138 dry skin antiepileptic drugs, 120 oxcarbazepine, 120 ductus arteriosus, premature closure indometacin, 193 dysesthesia daptomycin, 446 dyskinesia levetiracetam, 118 metoclopramide, 574 olanzapine, 84 dyspepsia lamivudine, 481 ranitidine bismuth citrate +amoxicillin +clarithromycin, 581 tolterodine, 275 topiramate, 124 dysphagia see also swallowing difficulty alfuzosin, 363 amantadine, 88 botulinum toxins, 253 dysphonia salmeterol+fluticasone propionate, 3182 dysphoria topiramate, 125 dyspnea blood transfusion, 528 fresh frozen plasma, 533 gadolinium salts, 735 methadone, 161 tiotropium bromide, 312 dysrhythmias antipsychotic drugs, 67 beta2-adrenoceptor agonists, 308 corticotropin, 647 naloxone, 170 olanzapine, 85, 86 propofol, 224 793 dystonia cannabinoids, 33–35 levetiracetam, 118 metoclopramide, 574 olanzapine, 82, 85, 86 ziprasidone, 134 E Ebstein’s anomaly lithium, 28 ecchymosis see bruising echolalia morphine, 164 ectopic pregnancies misoprostol, 651 eczema corticosteroids, topical, 204 hair dyes, 289 immunoglobulin, 535 levocetirizine, 300 edema alfuzosin, 362 cupping, 753 gabapentin, 112, 113 isosulfan, 218 lanthanoids, 388 pregabalin, 121, 122 emesis see vomiting emotional instability methylphenidate, emphysema cannabinoids, 33–35 encephalopathy cocaine, 39 measles vaccines, 520 methadone, 161 pregabalin, 121–122 theophylline, valproate, 128 endocarditis rituximab, 607 endophthalmitis bromfenac, 742 leflunomide, 626 pegaptanib, 739 entactogenesis ecstasy, 44 enteroviral meningoencephalitis rituximab, 606 eosinophilia bisacodyl, 581 carbamazepine, 108 clozapine, 78 eosinophilic cellulitis adalimumab, 598 eosinophilic gastroenteritis citrus fruit allergy, 750 eosinophilic gastroenterocolitis tacrolimus, 632 epigastric pain co-trimoxazole, 446 hydrogen peroxide, 761 epistaxis topiramate, 125 erectile dysfunction antihypertensive treatment, 349 gonadorelin analogues, 704 erosive esophagitis omeprazole, 579 eruptive nevi TNF-a antagonist therapy, 593 erythema diltiazem, 339 irbesartan, 359 erythema multiforme minor risperidone, 91 erythema nodosum etanercept, 600 erythematous annular plaques infliximab, 602 euphoria khat, 48 modafinil, pregabalin, 121, 122 exfoliative dermatitis fosphenytoin, 120 phenytoin, 120 exogenous lipid pneumonia paraffin, 764 extrapyramidal effects antipsychotic drugs, 67 aripiprazole, 73, 76 ecstasy, 46 haloperidol, 66, 74 quetiapine, 87, 88 risperidone, 92 tiagabine, 123 ziprasidone, 93 extrapyramidal symptoms antipsychotic drugs, 67 aripiprazole, 72, 74 olanzapine, 72 perphenazine, 72 eye irritation brinzolamide, 371 gatifloxacin, 431 eyelid edema gatifloxacin, 431 eye pain gatifloxacin, 431 F facial dyskinesia aripiprazole, 71 facial flushing prolastin, 532 factitious panniculitis cupping, 753 factor XIII deficiency valproate, 130 Index of adverse effects 794 Fanconi’s syndrome tenofovir, 485 valproate, 126 fasciculations topiramate, 125 fatigue see also malaise, tiredness, weakness alprazolam, 57 anagrelide, 564 arsenic, 385 emtricitabine, 484 gabapentin, 110–112 immunoglobulin, 536, 537 lamivudine, 481 lamotrigine, 112 letrozole, 666 levetiracetam, 116–118 melatonin, 708 mesalazine, 583 oxcarbazepine, 119, 120 risperidone, 90, 91 somatropin, 705 topiramate, 124–126 zonisamide, 139 fearful responses oseltamivir, 489 febrile rash efavirenz, 486 feeding problems serotonin toxicity, 20 SSRIs, 20 fetal death antiepileptic drugs, 106, 115 fever abacavir+lamivudine +zidovudine, 482 albendazole, 508 antimony, 384 azathioprine, 637 baclofen, 250 balsalazide, 583 blood transfusion, 528 colistin, 442 dapsone, 497 doxycycline, 420 ecstasy, 47 efalizumab, 605 hemin, 531 immunoglobulins, 534–2 irbesartan, 359 lamivudine, 480 mefloquine, 481 metamizole (dipyrone), 192 muromonab, 607 propofol, 224 rotavirus vaccine, 521 fibromyalgia olanzapine, 82 fits melatonin, 708 flares penicillins, 418 flatulence anagrelide, 564 octretide, 710 orlistat, 90 oxymorphone, 166 polyethylene glycol, 583 fluid overload immunoglobulin, 534 fluid retention anagrelide, 564 flu-like symptoms tiagabine, 123 topiramate, 125, 126 flushing alfentanil, 153 aspirin, 198 endothelin receptor antagonists, 359 immunoglobulin, 534 naltrexone, 171 prolastin, 532 focal brain edema pregabalin, 121, 122 folliculitis allopurinol, 204 fracture antiepileptic drugs, 105, 106 ibuprofen, 190 HRT, 661 opioids, 150 fulminant hepatic failure black cohosh, 749 fulminant hepatitis paracetamol, 183, 184 nevirapine, 487 nitrofurantoin, 439 G gait disturbance gabapentin, 112 gentamicin, 427 levetiracetam, 116, 117 ziprasidone, 95, 96 galactorrhea amisulpride, 69 antipsychotic drugs, 69 aripiprazole, 76, 77 risperidone, 88, 89 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, neonatal lamotrigine, 115, 116 gastric disturbance tiagabine, 123, 126 gastric emptying, slowing of dronabinol, 35 gastritis esomeprazole, 577 khat, 48 spironolactone, 376 gastroenteritis etanercept, 601 infliximab, 601 gastrointestinal bleeding donepezil, 11 SSRIs, 19 gastrointestinal discomfort amiodarone, 324 buprenorphine, 171 cisapride, 573 co-trimoxazole, 444 dipyridamole, 564 gabapentin, 112 liraglutide, 695 oxcarbazepine, 119 topiramate, 125 vildagliptin, 694 ziprasidone, 92 gastrointestinal disorders deferiprone, 403 immunoglobulin, 537 itraconazole, 463 liraglutide, 695 nitrous oxide, 221 paracetamol, 184 quetiapine, 88 topiramate, 124 vildagliptin, 694 gastrointestinal hemorrhage recombinant human erythropoietin analogues, 538 gastrointestinal infections corticotropin, 647 gastrointestinal perforation bevacizumab, 604 gastroschisis decongestant, 265 generalized dermatitis trichloroethylene, 221 generalized eosinophilic pustular folliculitis allopurinol, 202 generalized itching colistin, 442 generalized itchy eczematous plaques zyloric, 202 generalized pustular psoriasis aceclofenac, 186 giddiness cocaine, 38 glandular hyperplasia antiepileptic drugs, 123 glaucoma cannabinoids, 33, 34 topiramate, 125, 126 glossitis bucillamine, 404 granulocytopenia metamizole, 192 granulomatous reactions leuprolide, 704 granulomatous stomatitis ramipril, 355 gut ischemia vasopressin, 710 Index of adverse effects gynecomastia antiandrogens, 673 antipsychotic drugs, 65, 66 diazepam, 123 leuprolide, 705 phenytoin, 123 risperidone, 89 spironolactone, 376 stanozolol, 673 zonisamide, 123 H hair loss dalteparin, 558 metformin, 693 pramipexole, 269 valproate, 120, 127 hallucinations aciclovir, 478 clonidine, 362 ecstasy, 44 gatifloxacin, 431 ifosfamide, 726 propofol, 224 topiramate, 126 tramadol, 168 hallucinogen persisting perceptual disorder (HPDD) psilocybin, 50, 51 HDL cholesterol, increased carbamazepine, 107 headache albendazole, 508 alfuzosin, 364 anagrelide, 564 antimony, 384 arsenic, 385 aripiprazole, 72 benzimidazoles, 508 buprenorphine, 169 cannabinoids, 33, 35 cilomilast, 313 dextromethorphan, 156 dipyridamole, 564 doxycycline, 420 dronabinol, 573 emtricitabine, 484 endothelin receptor antagonists, 361 formoterol+budesonide, 308 gabapentin, 110, 112 gestrinone, 672 khat, 48 lamivudine, 481 lamotrigine, 113 lansoprazole, 578 levetiracetam, 117 methylphenidate, 3, modafinil, montelukast, 316 naltrexone, 170 olanzapine, 82 omeprazole, 577 oxcarbazepine, 119, 120 795 palonosetron, 576 pantoprazole, 579 PDE-5 inhibitors, 347 praziquantel, 511 pregabalin, 121 psilocybin, 50 quetiapine, 68 ranitidine, 577 ranitidine bismuth citrate +amoxicillin +clarithromycin, 581 renzapride, 574 risperidone, 90, 92 roflumilast, 313, 314 salmeterol+fluticasone propionate, 318 sibutramine, 9, 10 sitaxsentan, 362 tiagabine, 123, 124 TNF-a antagonist therapy, 593 topiramate, 125 tropisetron, 576 valproate, 124 ziprasidone, 93 zonisamide, 138 hearing impairment clarithromycin, 44 loop diuretics, 375 psilocybin, 49, 50 hearing loss cobalt poisoning, 386 didanosine, 483 oscillopsia, 427 heart beat see cardiac dysrhythmias heart rate, increase regadenoson, 324 verapamil, 342 heart rate, reduction donepezil, 11 hemangioma ciclosporin, 621 valproate, 126–128 hematuria ciprofloxacin, 430 coumarin, 553 emtricitabine, 484 heparin, 557 lamivudine, 482 hemolysis blood transfusion, 529 fresh frozen plasma, 533 iron dextran, 388 rasburicase, 204 hemolytic anemia efalizumab, 605 rasburicase, 204 hemolytic–uremic syndrome tacrolimus, 632 hemorrhage bevacizumab, 604 misoprostol, 651 ranibizumab, 739 warfarin, 553, 554 hemorrhagic stroke phenylpropanolamine, 264 hemorrhagic thrombocytopenia rituximab, 607 Henoch–Schönlein purpura etanercept, 600 paracetamol + codeine, 182 hepatic disorder bromfenac, 182 diclofenac, 182, 185 nimesulide, 182, 185 sulindac, 182, 185 hepatic impairment arsenic, 385 hepatic insufficiency sitagliptin, 694 hepatic nodular regenerative hyperplasia thiopurines, 636 hepatic steatosis didanosine, 482 stavudine, 482 hepatitis antiandrogens, 674 blood transfusion, 530 buprenorphine, 169 cocaine, 40, 41 khat, 48 rofecoxib, 191 hepatocellular damage saquinavir, 488 hepatocellular focal nodular hyperplasia danazo, 672 hepatotoxicity amiodarone, 329 disulfiram, 760 isoflurane, 218 lanthanoids, 388 sevoflurane, 218 hip dysplasia olanzapine, 86 hoarseness isotretinoin, 291 salmeterol+fluticasone propionate, 308 Horner’s syndrome bupivacaine, 236 spinal epidural anesthetic, 236 hostility androgens, 673 levetiracetam, 117 tiagabine, 123 hot flushes gestrinone, 672 gonadotropins, 703 letrozole, 666 Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens omeprazole+amoxicillin +clarithromycin, 580 Index of adverse effects 796 hydrocephalus methadone, 161 hyperalgesia opioids, 149 remifentanil, 167 hyperammonemia valproate, 128 hyperandrogenism anticonvulsants, 132 valproate, 131 hypercalcemia parathormone, 709 tamoxifen, 667 vitamin D, 549 hyperemia dorzolamide+timolol, 372 hypereosinophilia heparin, 558 hyperglycemia arsenic, 385 methadone, 161, 162 risperidone, 90, 91 tropisetron, 576 hyperhomocysteinemia antiepileptic drugs, 105 nitrous oxide, 221 hyperkalemia mannitol, 376 propofol, 224 thiopental sodium, 226 hyperkinetic movement disorders modafinil, hyperlactatemia linezolid, 440 zopiclone, hypernatremia lithium, 27 hyperparathyroidism lithium, 27 hyperphagia oxcarbazepine, 119 hyperphosphatemia phosphate, 581 hyperpigmentation emtricitabine, 484 hyperprolactinemia antipsychotic drugs, 65, 69 olanzapine, 84 risperidone, 90 hyper-reflexia aciclovir, 478 hypersalivation clozapine, 80 olanzapine +fluvoxamine, 86 hypersensitivity reactions azathioprine, 637 cephalosporins, 416 colistin, 442 efalizumab, 605, 606 efavirenz, 486 hydroxyethyl starch, 534 ibuprofen, 188 leuprolide, 704 trichloroethylene, 219 hypersensitivity syndrome, drug-induced see also DRESS carbamazepine, 108, 109 co-trimoxazole, 445 hypersexuality quetiapine, 89 hypertension see also blood pressure increase acetazolamide, 371 adrenaline (epinephrine), 261 baclofen, 251 beta2-adrenoceptor agonists, 308 bevacizumab, 604 cannabinoids, 33, 34 carbetocin, 708 corticotropin, 647 ecstasy, 47 immunoglobulins, 534, 535 infliximab, 602 isoflurane, 218 melatonin, 708 methadone, 161 methylphenidate, midazolam, 59 naloxone, 170 recombinant human erythropoietin analogues, 539 sirolimus, 628 hypertensive encephalopathy Ephedra+caffeine, 262 hyperthermia see fever hyperthyroidism amiodarone, 324 hypertriglyceridemia propofol, 224 hyperuricemia ciclosporin, 621 hyphema aspirin, 554 hypoacusis deferiprone, 403 hypocalcemia disodium edetate, 405 rasburicase, 204 hypofibrinogenemia valproate sodium, 130 hypoglossal nerve paralysis TNF-a antagonist therapy, 592, 593 hypoglycemia fluoroquinolones, 431 levofloxacin, 433 pramlintide, 692 sitagliptin, 693 SSRIs, 20 sulfonylureas, 695 hypokalemia amphotericin, 458 corticotropin, 647 herbal medicines, 746 itraconazole, 463 methadone, 161 spironolactone, 392 tenofovir, 485 thiazide diuretics, 372 valproate, 129 hypomagnesemia tacrolimus, 631 hypomania lamotrigine, 113 zonisamide, 138 hyponatremia desmopressin, 710 immunoglobulin, 534 oxcarbazepine, 119, 120 phosphate, 582 thiazide, 372 hypopigmentation glucocorticoids, 650 hypospadias clomifene, 665 hypotension amikacin, 427 baclofen, 251 benzylisoquinolinium, 249 blood transfusion, 529, 529 cannabinoids, 33, 34 chloral hydrate, 61 clonidine, 363 cocaine, 40, 41 dipyridamole, 564 endothelin receptor antagonists, 361 fentanyl, 157, 158 gadolinium salts, 735 immunoglobulin, 534 iodopovidone, 411 morphine+midazolam, 163 muromonab, 607 perfluorocarbons, 531 pethidine and midazolam, 166 phenytoin, 121 propofol, 224, 226 quetiapine, 87 remifentanil, 167 trichloroethylene, 220 ziprasidone, 93, 94 hypothermia blood transfusion, 529 SSRIs, 20 hypothyroidism amiodarone, 324 iodine, 684 iodopovidone, 411 lithium, 27 oxcarbazepine, 120 quetiapine, 89 recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH), 683 Index of adverse effects hypovitaminosis D carbamazepine, 106 valproate, 106 hypoxemia blood transfusion, 528 hypoxia chloral hydrate, 61 morphine+midazolam, 162–163 perfluorocarbons, 531 sevoflurane, 218 I iatrogenic ulcers famotidine, 576 IBCT see incorrect blood component transfusion (IBCT) idiopathic hepatitis efalizumab, 605 idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndromes antiepileptic drugs, 136 idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) metamfetamine, 1, IFIS see intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) ileus midazolam+fentanyl, 158 opioids, 150 immune-mediated pancytopenia efalizumab, 606 immunosuppression ecstasy, 45–47 opioids, 151 impaired coagulation argatroban, 559 impaired wound healing bevacizumab, 604 impotence sildenafil, 346 incorrect blood component transfusion (IBCT) blood transfusion, 530 infection basiliximab, 603 efalizumab, 606 etanercept, 600 misoprostol, 651 pregabalin, 121, 122 infectious endophthalmitis ranibizumab, 739 inflammatory bowel disease isotretinoin, 292 infusion phlebitis quinupristin/dalfopristin, 443 infusion reactions infliximab, 601 injection site reactions anakinra, 592 797 insomnia antimony, 384 aripiprazole, 72 arsenic, 385 buprenorphine, 169 citalopram, 89 efavirenz, 486 emtricitabine, 484 enoxacin, 429 lamivudine, 482 methadone, 161, 162 methylphenidate, naltrexone, 170 olanzapine, 81 risperidone, 92 rufloxacin, 429 topiramate, 122–126 ziprasidone, 91, 93 zonisamide, 138 insulin resistance olanzapine, 85 intermenstrual bleeding phosphatidylcholine, 765 interstitial nephritis celecoxib, 193, 196 ciprofloxacin, 430 rofecoxib, 193 interstitial pneumonitis amiodarone, 324 azathioprine, 635 cyclophosphamide, 726 ifosfamide, 726 infliximab, 601 lamotrigine, 113, 116 leflunomide, 625 intestinal perforation bevacizumab, 606 dexamethasone +indometacin, 189 intracranial bleeding SSRIs, 19 intracranial pressure papaverine, 166 intrahepatic cholestasis ecstasy, 41 intraocular pressure, increase ranibizumab, 739 intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, 363 intravascular hemolysis iron dextran, 388 intraventricular cysticercosis albendazole, 508 intraventricular hemorrhage indometacin, 189 morphine, 163 iridocyclitis ranibizumab, 739 TNF-a antagonist therapy, 593 iris pigment dispersion methylthioninium chloride, 763 irritability bromfenac, 742 methylphenidate, metoclopramide, 574 tiagabine, 123 zonisamide, 138 itching see also pruritus alfentanil, 153 doxycycline, 420 fondaparinux, 563 lamotrigine, 115 levetiracetam+diazepam, 118 rofecoxib, 193 sufentanil, 167, 168 talc, 288 J jaundice see also liver carbimazole, 685 cocaine, 40, 41 rofecoxib, 193 jitteriness naltrexone, 171 SSRIs, 20 K Kawasaki disease vaccines, 522 keloid cupping, 753 keratitis bromfenac, 748 cocaine, 40 gatifloxacin, 431 NSAIDs, 742 keratolysis diclofenac, 186 kidney cancers benzo(a)pyrene, 384 cyclophosphamide, 727 kidney stones indinavir, 488 zonisamide, 140 L lacrimation gatifloxacin, 431 lactation reduction khat, 48 lactic acidosis see also metabolic acidosis linezolid, 440 propofol +catecholamines, 224 metformin + ACE inhibitors, 353 language impairment topiramate, 124 laryngeal edema blood transfusion, 529 laryngeal dystonia antipsychotic drugs, 65 Index of adverse effects 798 LDL cholesterol, increased carbamazepine, 108 Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy ethambutol, 497 left ventricular dysfunction propofol, 222 leg cramps oxcarbazepine, 119 leg pain donepezil, 11 pregabalin, 123 Lennox–Gastaut syndrome levetiracetam, 116 lens abscess methadone, 162 lethargy aripiprazole, 70 oxcarbazepine, 120 phentermine, leukemia formaldehyde, 409 valproate, 126, 127 leukocytoclastic vasculitis etanercept, 600 everolimus, 623 ibuprofen, 190 metformin, 692 rituximab, 608 sirolimus, 630 leukocytosis arsenic, 385 carbamazepine, 108, 109 efalizumab, 606 leukoencephalopathy ciclosporin, 620 levamisole, 510 morphine, 164 leukocytosis arsenic, 385 efalizumab, 606 leukoencephalopathy ciclosporin, 620 levamisole, 510 leukonychia sirolimus, 630 leukopenia clozapine, 80 everolimus, 623 levamisole, 510 risperidone, 90 Lewy-body dementia quetiapine, 88 libido, increased quetiapine, 89 libido, loss dutasteride, 675 methadone, 161, 162 lichenoid hydrochlorothiazide, 373 irbesartan, 359, 373 lichenoid eruptions diltiazem, 341 lichen planus pemphigoides naproxen, 190 lightheadedness dronabinol, 573 immunoglobulin, 534 lorazepam, 58, 59 phosphatidylcholine, 765 linear hypopigmentation glucocorticoids, 648 linear IgA bullous dermatosis vancomycin, 436 lipid disturbances everolimus, 622 lipodystrophy lamivudine, 482 nevirapine, 482 stavudine, 482 liposarcoma etanercept, 601 livedoid dermatitis NSAIDs, 187 livedo reticularis amantadine, 270 liver damage acarbose, 691 chlorzoxazone, 253, 254 infliximab, 602 kava kava, 752 pegvisomant, 707 telithromycin, 436 liver failure co-trimoxazole, 445 lamivudine, 481 nevirapine, 487 telithromycin, 436 liver function abnormalities quinupristin/dalfopristin, 443 local pain bromfenac, 742 local skin infections infliximab, 601 loose stools lansoprazole, 578 ranitidine bismuth citrate +amoxicillin +clarithromycin, 581 loss of vision cobalt poisoning, 386 low birth weight antiepileptic drug, 106 decongestants, 265 vitamins C/E, 547 SSRIs, 20 lower respiratory tract infections TNF-a antagonist, 596 lower urinary tract symptoms gonadotropins, 703 lung cancer calabash chalk, 759 cannabis, 36, 37 lupus erythematosus tumidus efalizumab, 606 lupus-like syndrome antithyroid drugs, 685 penicillamine, 404 TNF-a antagonist, 596 lupus pneumonitis hydralazine, 365 lupus rashes etanercept, 600 lymphocele everolimus, 622 sirolimus, 630 lymphocytosis carbamazepine, 108 lymphoma azathioprine, 637 TNF-a antagonist, 596 lymphoproliferative disorder alemtuzumab, 595 efalizumab, 607 M macrophagic myofasciitis vaccine-derived aluminium hydroxide, 385 maculopapular pruritic rashes clopidogrel, 566 malaise abacavir+lamivudine +zidovudine, 482 antimony, 384 moxifloxacin, 434 repaglinide, 695 telithromycin, 322 topiramate, 124 malformations see also congenital malformations ACE inhibitors, 352 antiepileptic drugs, 118, 133 carbamazepine, 109 efalizumab, 605 metformin, 693 misoprostol, 651 mycophenolate, 628 phenobarbital, 106 valproate, 106, 133 mania antidepressants, 114 aripiprazole, 73 bromocriptine, 269 lamotrigine, 26, 114 methylphenidate, quetiapine, 87 valproate, 136 maternal tachycardia carbetocin, 708 meaningless speech oseltamivir, 489 memory problems diazepam, 58 topiramate, 125 memory deficits ecstasy, 45, 46 zolpidem, 61 Index of adverse effects memory impairment cannabis, 34, 45 topiramate, 125 valproate, 126 zonisamide, 138 memory loss gabapentin, 111 oxcarbazepine, 119 meningitis see aseptic meningitis menometrorrhagia lithium, 28 mental sluggishness zonisamide, 138 Merkel cell carcinoma rituximab, 609 metabolic acidosis cocaine, 37 ibuprofen, 188 linezolid, 440 paracetamol, 184 pethidine, 166 topiramate, 126 metallic taste rabeprazole+ clarithromycin+ amoxicillin, 580 ranibizumab, 739 methemoglobinemia cerium nitrate, 389 dapsone, 496 rasburicase, 204 triapine, 405 microangiopathy tacrolimus, 632 microhematuria penicillamine, 404 microlithiasis of gallbladder somatostatin, 709 migraine haloperidol, 81 mild confusion dronabinol, 574 mineralization of teeth tetracyclines, 418 mood disorder atomoxetine, cannabis, 34 ecstasy, 44 gestrinone, 672 levetiracetam, 116 progestogen, 669 ziprasidone, 93 mood, dysphoric alprazolam, 57 cannabis, 51 moodiness methylphenidate, tiagabine, 123 mouth ulcer antithyroid drugs, 685 levetiracetam, 116 mucormycosis deferiprone, 403 799 mucous leishmaniasis antimony, 384 multinodular bronchiolitis obliterans rituximab, 607 multiorgan hypersensitivity reaction efavirenz, 486 multiple sclerosis baclofen, 169 gabapentin, 111 minocycline, 419 muscle cramps deferoxamine, 402 muscle damage black cohosh, 749 ciclosporin, 621 muscle rigidity ecstasy, 45 remifentanil, 167 sevoflurane, 219 muscle weakness azathioprine, 636 colistin, 441 myalgia antimony, 384 aripiprazole, 71 frakefamide, 162 isotretinoin, 292 lamivudine, 481 levetiracetam, 118 quinupristin/dalfopristin, 443 myalgic encephalomyelitis vaccine, 520 myasthenia gravis lithium, 26 telithromycin, 436 mydriasis dosylamine, 298 myelodysplastic syndrome azathioprine, 637 G-CSF, 591 myelopathy amphetamines, 41 nitrous oxide, 221 myelosuppression suramin, 512 myocardial adrenergic stress cocaine, 38 myocardial infarction adrenaline, 262, 264 angiotensin II receptor antagonists, 358 aspirin, 198, 199 beta2-adrenoceptor agonists, 308 cannabis, 33 celecoxib, 190 cocaine, 37, 240 dobutamine, 266 endothelin receptor antagonists, 361 ephedrine, 262 epoetin alfa, 538 HRT, 660, 661 khat, 48 magnesium, 390, 391 NSAIDs+paracetamol, 184, 185 pseudoephedrine, 263 psilocybin, 50 recombinant human erythropoietin analogues, 538 tegaserod, 575 tiotropium bromide, 310 myocardial depression propofol, 223 myocarditis clozapine, 78 cocaine, 38 myoclonic activity etomidate, 222 SSRIs, 20 myoclonic cramps topiramate, 125 myoclonic epilepsy levetiracetam, 116 myoclonic jerks lithium, 26 sevoflurane, 222 myoclonic movements etomidate, 222 propofol, 222 myoclonic status epilepticus vigabatrin, 136 myoclonus etomidate, 222 gabapentin, 113 opioids, 161 myopathy daptomycin, 446 N NAION see non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) narrow-angle glaucoma ipratropium bromide, 311 nasal congestion immunoglobulin, 78 nasopharyngitis sitagliptin, 693 nausea alfentanil, 460 alginate, 573 amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC), 459 anagrelide, 570 aripiprazole, 71 arsenic, 385 benzimidazoles, 508 benzylisoquinolinium, 249 botulinum toxins, 252 butorphanol, 170 carbetocin, 708 chloroquine, 469 Index of adverse effects 800 cilomilast, 313, 314 citalopram, 20 cocaine, 40 dextromethorphan, 156 donepezil, 10 dronabinol, 573 emtricitabine, 484 esomeprazole, 578 fentanyl, 157, 158 gabapentin, 110, 111 gadolinium salts, 734 gestrinone, 672 glucagon, 689 lamivudine, 481 lamotrigine, 113, 114 levetiracetam, 118 modafinil, 7, morphine, 153, 163, 164 naltrexone, 170, 171 nevirapine, 487 octreotide, 710 omeprazole, 578 opioids, 48, 150, 153 oxcarbazepine, 119, 120 oxymorphone, 168 pantoprazole+amoxicillin +rifabutin, 580 pethidine, 166 phosphatidylcholine, 765 polyethylene glycol, 581 praziquantel, 511 pregabalin, 122, 123 quetiapine, 60 quinupristin/dalfopristin, 449 rabeprazole, 577 ranitidine, 573 repaglinide, 695 roflumilast, 313, 314 saquinavir+ritonavir, 488 tegaserod, 575 tiagabine, 124 topiramate, 124, 125 tramadol, 168 valproate, 126, 127 ziprasidone, 95, 96 zonisamide, 137–139 neonatal abstinence syndrome buprenorphine, 169 nephrolithiasis zonisamide, 138 nephrotic syndrome colchicine, 203 nephrotoxicity ACE inhibitor, 732 hydroquinone, 288 nerve injury ropivacaine, 238 nervousness cocaine, 38 ecstasy, 41 levetiracetam, 116–118 modafinil, nervous system impairment dextromethorphan, 156 neuritis multiplex azathioprine, 636 neuroleptic malignant syndrome amantadine, 87 antipsychotic drugs, 67 aripiprazole, 71, 76 lithium, 26 quetiapine, 88 ziprasidone, 92 neuromuscular blockade colistin, 441 polymyxins, 441 neuromyopathy colchicines, 202 neuropathy arsenic, 385 gabapentin, 113 suramin, 512 neuropsychiatric disorders efavirenz, 486 nitrous oxide, 221 neurorestorative effect lithium, 25 neurosensory deafness deferiprone, 403 neurotoxicity lithium, 26 trichloroethylene, 219 neutropenia adalimumab, 598 clozapine, 79 deferiprone, 402 immunoglobulin, 534 indometacin, 189 olanzapine, 86 vancomycin, 436 zidovudine, 485 Nicolau syndrome NSAIDs+corticosteroids +penicillins, 187 nightmares efavirenz, 486 gabapentin, 111 melatonin, 708 sevoflurane, 219 valsartan, 360 non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) amiodarone, 324 non-hemorrhagic strokes prothrombin, 537 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma trichloroethylene, 220 non-IgEmediated anaphylactic reaction gadolinium salts, 734 non-infectious hepatitis immunoglobulin, 536 non-melanoma skin cancers efalizumab, 607 non-obstructive cardiomyopathy zidovudine, 485 non-occlusive acute mesenteric ischemia digoxin, 322 numbness gabapentin, 111 nystagmus oxcarbazepine, 120 O obesity sitagliptin, 694 topiramate, 125 obsessive-compulsive disorder quetiapine, 87 ziprasidone, 93 obsessiveness olanzapine, 84 obstructive sleep apnea ACE inhibitors, 353 occult insomnia cocaine, 39 ocular argyrosis silver-containing compounds, 287 ocular epithelial damage antimisting agent, 761 ocular hyperemia brinzolamide, 371 ocular hypertension cannabinoids, 35 ocular irritation tamoxifen, 667 oculogyric crisis metoclopramide, 574 oligohydramnios metamizole, 192 oligomenorrhea lithium, 132 valproate, 132, 133 oligospermia radioactive iodine compounds, 684 Onchocerca volvulus ivermectin, 510 onychomalacia sirolimus, 630 onychorhexis sirolimus, 630 opioid withdrawal syndrome buprenorphine, 169 optic atrophy indocyanine green, 760 optic neuritis adalimumab, 598 etanercept, 600, 601 ibuprofen, 189 lithium, 27 tamoxifen, 667 optic neuropathy amiodarone, 324 linezolid, 440 tacrolimus, 631 oral fixed drug eruption fluconazole, 462 Index of adverse effects orofacial tardive dyskinesia metoclopramide, 574 orthostatic hypotension quetiapine, 86 oscillopsia gentamicin, 427 osteomalacia magnesium-containing antacids, 391 osteopenia antiepileptic drug, 106 carbamazepine, 108 osteoporosis heparin, 558 otitis media etanercept, 601 oxidative stress desflurane, 219 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, valproate, 130, 131 P painful gynecomastia see also gynecomastia antiepileptic drugs, 123 pregabalin, 123 spironolactone, 376 pain amplification syndrome TNF-a antagonist therapy, 592 pain on injection etomidate, 221 propofol, 226 pain sensitization remifentanil, 167 palpitation anagrelide, 564 ipratropium bromide, 312 methylphenidate, pancreatitis didanosine, 483, 484 growth hormone, 706 indometacin, 191 lamivudine, 481 valproate, 126, 131 pancytopenia levofloxacin, 433 risperidone, 90, 130 valproate, 130 panic attack ecstasy, 45 papillary conjunctivitis gatifloxacin, 431 papular rash doxycycline, 420 paranoia cocaine, 40 khat, 48 psilocybin, 50 paraphilia selegiline, 270 paraplegia nitrous oxide, 221 801 paresthesia daptomycin, 446 risperidone, 91 topiramate, 124–127 parkinsonism amphetamines, antipsychotic drugs, 65 levetiracetam, 118 losartan, 359 risperidone, 89 valproate, 126, 127 ziprasidone, 93 pedal edema immunoglobulin E, 94 pemphigus vulgaris chloroquine, 470 hydroxychloroquine, 470 penile erection remifentanil, 167 penile ischemia adrenaline, 260 perceptual alterations ecstasy, 44 pericarditis etanercept, 601 periodic thyrotoxic hypokalemic paralysis amiodarone, 325 peripheral edema efalizumab, 605 endothelin receptor antagonists, 360 peripheral neuropathies didanosine, 484 linezolid, 439 metronidazole, 475 periungual anomalies sirolimus, 630 persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (PPHN) metamfetamine, SSRIs, 20 pharyngitis lamotrigine, 114 levetiracetam, 117 olanzapine, 82 phlebitis antimony, 384 hemin, 531 quinupristin/dalfopristin, 443 photoallergic contact dermatitis dexketoprofen, 186 diclofenac, 187 photoallergic reactions NSAIDs, 193 photophobia cardiac glycosides, 320 dipyridamole, 565 photopsia cardiac glycosides, 320 phototoxicity amiodarone, 322 pituitary apoplexy gonadotropins, 703 pituitary tumors antipsychotic drugs, 69 risperidone, 69 pityriasis rosea bismuth subsalicylate, 385 placental hemorrhage heparin, 558 platelet dysfunction valproate, 130 pleural effusion immunoglobulin, 534 plexopathy heroin, 156 Pneumocystis pneumonia infliximab, 601 pneumonia recombinant human erythropoietin analogues, 538 TNF-a antagonist, 596 pneumonitis amiodarone, 324 bepridil, 325 cibenzoline, 330 levofloxacin, 432 pimecrolimus, 628 roxithromycin, 439 pneumothorax perfluorocarbons, 531 polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) valproate, 131, 132 polydipsia ziprasidone, 94 polyneuropathy gabapentin, 113 polyradiculopathy heroin, 156 polyps aspirin, 196 portopulmonary hypertension amfetamine, cocaine, posterior leukoencephalopathy azathioprine, 636 posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome ciclosporin, 620 posthypoxic leukoencephalopathy morphine, 164 post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder tacrolimus, 632 preterm birth SSRIs, 20 priapism alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, 363 PR interval, increase donepezil, 11 Index of adverse effects 802 prolonged QT interval see QT interval prolongation propofol infusion syndrome propofol, 223 pro-social effects ecstasy, 44 proteinuria bevacizumab, 604 etanercept+gold, 601 penicillamine, 404 pruritus see also itching antimony, 384 bromfenac, 742 celecoxib, 191 diazepam +levetiracetam, 118 diltiazem, 341 efavirenz, 486 fentanyl, 152, 156, 164 gabapentin, 111, 118 hydromorphone, 160 hydoxychloroquine, 470 immunoglobulin, 536 mefloquine, 472 melphalan, 724 morphine, 152, 163, 164 opioids, 149, 159 ondansetron, 164 quinupristin/dalfopristin, 443 tropisetron, 576 psoriasis efalizumab, 605 fexofenadine, 299 meloxicam, 192 TNF-a antagonist, 598 psoriatic arthropathy efalizumab, 606 psychometric performance, impaired flurazepam, 61 psychosis antipsychotic drugs, 66 baclofen, 250 cannabis, 35 ciprofloxacin, 430 co-trimoxazole, 474 doxylamine, 298 gatifloxacin, 431 khat, 48 levetiracetam, 118 levodopa, 268 metamfetamine, methylphenidate, oxybutynin, 276 psilocybin, 50 ropinirole, 268 topiramate, 126 psychotic symptoms pregabalin, 122 topiramate, 124 pulmonary alveolar proteinosis leflunomide, 626 pulmonary crackles fresh frozen plasma, 533 pulmonary edema albumin, 527 hydrochlorothiazide, 374 naloxone, 170 oxytocin, 709 pulmonary embolism methadone, 161 pulmonary fibrosis adalimumab, 597 pulmonary hypertension fenfluramine, ibuprofen, 189 lithium, 26 metamfetamine, pupillary dilatation papaverine, 166 purpura ciprofloxacin, 430 cupping, 753 lamotrigine, 115 pustulosis morphine, 164 pyrexia see fever Q QT interval prolongation antipsychotic drugs, 65 arsenic, 385 azithromycin, 437 cesium chloride, 386 digoxin, 321 domperidone, 460 gadoversetamide, 737 hydroxychloroquine, 470 lithium, 26 quinidine, 332 sevoflurane, 22, 221 sibutramine, telithromycin, 437 ziprasidone, 93 QT variability cocaine, 37 R rabbit syndrome methylphenidate, rabies minocycline, 420 rashes albendazole, 508 allopurinol, 203 amisulpride, 69, 70 anagrelide, 564 bucillamine, 404 celecoxib, 190, 191 co-trimoxazole, 444, 445 colistin, 442 deferoxamine, 401 ecstasy, 43 emtricitabine, 484 etanercept, 601 fentanyl, 155 gestrinone, 672 immunoglobulin, 534 lamivudine, 482 lamotrigine, 113–115 lithium, 28 midazolam, 59 naltrexone, 170 oxcarbazepine, 119 plasma-derived factor VIII, 543 quinupristin/dalfopristin, 443 terbinafine, 457 red eye gatifloxacin, 427 relapsing Herpes simplex virus encephalitis corticotropin, 647 renal cell carcinoma etanercept, 601 renal dysfunction nafcillin, 419 suramin, 512 renal failure acetazolamide, 371 amphetamines, 41 azathioprine, 636 co-efferalgan, 182 immunoglobulin, 536 rasburicase, 206 renal impairment amantadine toxicity, 270 arsenic, 385 renal insufficiency didanosine, 484 recombinant human erythropoietin analogues, 538 talc, 766 tenofovir, 484 renal stones see nephrolithiasis renal tubular acidosis topiramate, 126 renal tubular dysfunction aminoglycoside, 428 renal tubular dysgenesis naproxen sodium, 190 renal vasculitis ciprofloxacin, 430 respiratory infection aspirin, 193, 194 corticotropin, 647 somatropin, 705 topiramate, 124 respiratory depression buprenorphine, 169 fentanyl+fluconazole, 159 gabapentin, 111 morphine, 163 opioids, 160 phenytoin, 121, 127 remifentanil, 167 valproate, 127 Index of adverse effects respiratory distress aromatherapy, 753 respiratory failure cyclizine, 298 respiratory problems corticotropin, 647 somatropin, 705 restlessness methylphenidate, SSRIs, 20 retinal artery occlusion timolol, 741 retinal detachment pegaptanib, 739 retinal vasculitis co-trimoxazole, 444 retinal vein occlusion ranibizumab, 739 retinopathy didanosine, 483 penicillamine, 404 reversible inflammation ranibizumab, 739 rhabdomyolysis buprenorphine, 169 cocaine, 39 colchicine, 717 colchicine +statins, 202 heroin, 156 levofloxacin, 433 quetiapine, 88 statins, 202, 716 terbinafine, 457 ziprasidone, 94 rheumatoid arthritis see also arthritis anakinra, 592 arsenic trioxide, 385 vaccines, 520 rheumatoid lung nodulosis leflunomide, 625 rhinitis aspirin, 196 endothelin receptor antagonists, 361 frakefamide, 160 levetiracetam, 119 paracetamol, 181 thiamphenicol inhalation, 429 S sarcoidosis tacrolimus, 632 sedation alprazolam, 57 aripiprazole, 70 chloral hydrate, 60 gabapentin, 110, 112 haloperidol, 80 levetiracetam+diazepam, 118 levocetirizine, 300 methadone, 161, 162 morphine, 163 803 naltrexone, 171 olanzapine, 86, 87 opioids, 149 oxcarbazepine, 119, 120 quetiapine, 88 risperidone, 90, 91 seizures albendazole, 508 amitriptyline, 3, beta-lactams, 418 cannabinoids, 33, 34 carbapenems, 415 colistin, 441 co-trimoxazole, 445 ecstasy, 45, 46 ifosfamide, 726 ketamine, 222 naloxone, 170 olanzapine, 84 sildenafil, 347 SSRIs, 20 tamsulosin, 364 valproate, 126 venlafaxine, 22 selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors melperone, 92 sensorineural hearing loss efalizumab, 605 tadalafil, 347 sepsis propofol, 224 TNF-a antagonist, 596 septicemia deferiprone, 403 septic shock misoprostol, 651 septic wrist etanercept, 601 serotonin syndrome chlorzoxazone, 254 linezolid, 440 oxycodone, 165 triptans, 346 venlafaxine+lithium, 22, 28 sexual dysfunction baclofen, 252 bupropion, 22 methadone, 161 risperidone, 88 SSRIs, 22 shivering misoprostol, 708 shock crack cocaine, 38 sialorrhea clozapine, 78, 80 sialadenitis efalizumab, 605 sinoatrial block lithium, 26 skin atrophy calcipotriol, 293 skin cancers calabash chalk, 759 efalizumab, 606 skin eruption aromatherapy, 753 skin necrosis amiodarone, 329 warfarin, 554 skin tumors etanercept, 600 sleep disorder cocaine, 39 efavirenz, 486 lamotrigine, 113 quetiapine, 86 topiramate, 124 sleepiness aripiprazole, 71 naltrexone, 170 oxcarbazepine, 119 polyethylene glycol, 581 zonisamide, 138 slipped capital femoral epiphyses growth hormone, 706 slow growth sirolimus, 630 small bowel atresia decongestant, 265 phenylpropanolamine, 264 solid tumors efalizumab, 607 somnolence aciclovir, 478 alprazolam, 57 amantadine, 270 aripiprazole, 74 clonidine, 363 doxylamine, 298 fentanyl, 157 fexofenadine, 299 gabapentin, 111 general anesthesia, 235 ifosfamide, 726 levetiracetam, 116–118 olanzapine, 82 oxcarbazepine, 121 pregabalin, 121, 123 risperidone, 89 tiagabine, 123 topiramate, 124–126 valproate, 127 ziprasidone, 92 zonisamide, 138, 139 sore throat phenytoin, 121 speech disorder vigabatrin, 136 splenic rupture G-CSF, 590 spongiform leukoencephalopathy heroin, 156 Index of adverse effects 804 squamous cancer, of tongue etanercept +hydroxychloroquine, 601 steatorrhea octreotide, 710 sterile abscesses leuprolide, 704 sterile corneal ulcers moxifloxacin, 740 topical moxifloxacin, 740 Stevens–Johnson syndrome co-trimoxazole, 445 glipizide, 696 lamotrigine, 115 stomach ache gabapentin, 111 stomatitis bucillamine, 404 khat, 48 stroke amphetamines, ecstasy, 42 immunoglobulin, 534 khat, 48 NSAIDs and paracetamol, 184 pseudoephedrine, 268 quetiapine, 89 subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus efalizumab, 606 subacute prurigo olanzapine, 81 subcutaneous nodules tramadol, 168 subjective sedation alprazolam, 57 sudden cardiac death amiodarone, 325 suicidal ideation atomoxetine, 2, SSRIS, 18 suicide alcohol, 134 aripiprazole, 77 sulfone syndrome dapsone, 497 superficial punctate keratitis bromfenac, 742 superficial punctate keratopathy brinzolamide, 371 supraventricular tachycardia adrenaline, 261 swallowing difficulty botulinum toxin, 251 quetiapine, 87, 88 tramadol, 168 sweating buprenorphine, 169 lamotrigine, 113 latanoprost, 373 methadone, 163, 164 tramadol, 168 Sweet’s syndrome doxycycline, 420 G-CSF, 591 ofloxacin, 435 swelling atenolol, 339 phosphatidylcholine, 765 symptomatic hyperprolactinemia aripiprazole, 76 syncope timolol, 340 systemic lupus erythematosus efalizumab, 606 T tachycardia anagrelide, 564 arsenic, 385 carbetocin, 708 clozapine, 79 dosylamine, 298 ecstasy, 47 fresh frozen plasma, 533 ipratropium bromide, 312 ketamine, 59 midazolam, 59 tachydysrhythmias oxytocin, 709 TA-GVHD see transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease Takotsubo cardiomyopathy adrenaline, 261 tardive dyskinesia amisulpride, 70 clozapine, 79 haloperido, 79 metoclopramide, 574 taste disturbance amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC), 459 dorzolamide+timolol, 372 omeprazole + amoxicilin + clarithromycin, 580 rabeprazole + clarithromycin + amoxicilin, 580 topiramate, 124 teeth, brown staining chlorhexidine, 410 /tendon rupture ciprofloxacin, 430 throat irritation naproxen + ibuprofen, 196 thrombocytopenia co-efferalgan, 182 efalizumab, 605 estrogen-based hormone treatment, 662 everolimus, 623 glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors, 565 heparin, 558 interferon alpha, 592 rituximab, 609 rosiglitazone, 698 stem cells, 540 TNF-a antagonist therapy, 590 valproate, 130 thromboembolism celecoxib, 190 immunoglobulin, 534 recombinant human erythropoietin analogues, 539 thrombophlebitis amiodarone, 324 plasma-derived factor VIII, 537 thrombosis cannabinoids, 33 thrombotic cardiovascular events etoricoxib +diclofenac, 184 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura desmopressin, 71 mefloquine, 472 thyroid cancer TNF-a antagonist therapy, 592 thyrotoxicosis amiodarone, 324 thyrotoxic periodic paralysis iodine, 684 tingling gabapentin, 111 tiredness alfentanil, 153 gabapentin, 110 levetiracetam, 117 oxcarbazepine, 119 zonisamide, 138 tonic-clonic movements midazolam, 222 tonic-clonic seizures ecstasy, 47 vigabatrin, 136 torsade de pointes amiodarone, 325 ciprofloxacin, 429 erythromycin, 438 fluconazole, 462 hydroxychloroquine, 470 methadone, 161 sevoflurane, 218 ziprasidone, 93 torticollis ziprasidone, 94 toxic encephalopathy lithium+risperidone, 28 methadone, 161 toxic epidermal necrolysis alfuzosin, 363 balsalazide, 583 letrozole, 666 Index of adverse effects phenytoin, 121 voriconazole, 464 toxic nephropathy basiliximab, 603 toxic retinopathy deferiprone, 403 toxic shock syndrome acetylsalicylic acid, 194 transfusion associated graft­ versus-host disease blood transfusion, 528 transient liver damage infliximab, 601 transient thyrotoxicosis recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH), 683 transitional cell carcinoma cannabis, 37 transverse myelitis efalizumab, 605 traumatic cataracts pegaptanib, 739 tremor amiodarone, 323 diazepam, 57 oxcarbazepine, 118 quetiapine, 87 topiramate, 125, 126 zonisamide, 140 Tourette’s syndrome, exacerbation lamotrigine, 113 tuberculosis infliximab, 601 TNF-a antagonist, 595 tumor hemorrhage bevacizumab, 604 tumor swelling recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH), 683 type diabetes mellitus olanzapine, 68 U ulcerative keratitis crack-cocaine, 40 ulcers spironolactone, 376 unipolar depression lithium, 26 upper respiratory infections anakinra, 592 etanercept, 601 interferon alpha, 592 sitagliptin, 693 tiotropium bromide, 312 urinary cancers calabash chalk, 760 urinary hesitancy quetiapine, 78 reboxetine, 22 urinary incontinence renzapride, 574 805 urinary retention anticholinergic agents, 67 gabapentin, 111 ipratropium bromide, 312 opioids, 153 tiotropium, 312 urticaria aspirin, 199, 200 blood transfusion, 529 colistin, 442 gadolinium salts, 735 meloxicam, 192 piperazine, 301 propafenone, 332 rituximab, 610 sitagliptin, 694 uveitis cidofovir, 477 timolol, 340 travoprost, 652 V vascular phenomena sirolimus, 630 vasculitis antithyroid drugs, 685 everolimus, 623 immunoglobulin, 534, 536 TNF-a antagonist therapy, 593 vasoconstriction of aorta, fatal cocaine, 38 vasodilatation calcitonin, 703 prolastin, 532 vasospasm adrenaline, 50, 260 psilocybin, 50 vasovagal episodes dronabinol, 573 veno-occlusive disease tacrolimus, 630 venous thromboembolism prolastin, 532 ventricular septal defect letrozole, 666 ventricular tachycardia anesthesia, 158 vertigo antimony, 384 colistin, 441 efavirenz, 486 flunarizine, 345 gentamicin, 427 oscillopsia, 427 sibutramine, 10 vestibular toxicity neomycin, 428 visceral leishmaniasis adalimumab, 599 viscerotropic disease vaccine, 523 vision, blurred brinzolamide, 371 cannabinoids, 34 ibuprofen, 188 lamotrigine, 113 naltrexone, 171 oxcarbazepine, 119, 120 polysubstance, 40 pregabalin, 122 risperidone, 92 solifenacin, 274 systane, 748 zonisamide, 138 visual acuity zonisamide, 137 tamoxifen, 667 verteporfin, 739 visual field constriction vigabatrin, 137 visual hallucinations paroxetine, 21 pregabalin, 122 rofecoxib, 191 vitreous hemorrhage ranibizumab, 739 vomiting amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC), 459 anagrelide, 564 antimony, 384 arsenic, 385 benzylisoquinolinium, 249 blood transfusion, 529 calcitonin, 703 carbetocin, 708 chloroquine, 469 general anesthesia, 235 glucagon, 689 hydrogen peroxide, 761 immunoglobulin, 534 metoclopramide, 574 nevirapine, 487 octreotide, 710 omeprazole, 578 polyethylene glycol, 581 quinupristin/dalfopristin, 443 repaglinide, 695 saquinavir + ritonavir, 488 sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine, 469 tegaserod, 575 von Willebrand disease valproate, 130 vulvar fixed drug eruptions telmisartan, 360 W Wallerian degeneration ecstasy, 42 weakness see also fatigue, malaise, tiredness amodiaquine, 469 azathioprine, 636 baclofen, 251 Index of adverse effects 806 botulinum toxins, 252 colchicine, 202 colistimethate sodium, 441 doxazosin, 364 efalizumab, 605 etanercept, 601 gabapentin, 112 immunoglobulins, 536 leflunomide, 626 levetiracetam, 117 pregabalin, 122 tiagabine, 123 weight gain antipsychotic drugs, 68 clozapine, 79 gabapentin, 112 gestrinone, 672 haloperidol, 73 lamotrigine, 114, 115 lithium, 27 methadone, 161 olanzapine, 82, 85 pregabalin, 122 quetiapine, 27 risperidone, 89, 90 valproate, 27, 127 zonisamide, 138 weight loss antimony, 384 fenfluramines, risperidone, 90 topiramate, 124, 125, 126 zonisamide, 138 Wernicke’s encephalopathy thiamine, 549 West Nile virus blood transfusion, 530 wheezing immunoglobulin, 534 paracetamol, 181 white cell count, increase sitagliptin, 694 wound dehiscence sirolimus, 630 wound healing complications bevacizumab, 605 leflunomide, 626 X xerosis tazarotene, 292 Y Yersinia enterocolitica enteritis deferoxamine, 400 Z Zollinger–Ellison syndrome pantoprazole, 579 ... in vitro); Of cial (e.g Governmental, WHO) statements The various editions of Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs are cited in the text as SED-l4, SED-15, etc; the Side Effects of Drugs Annuals 1–30.. .SIDE EFFECTS OF DRUGS ANNUAL 31 A worldwide yearly survey of new data and trends in adverse drug reactions and interactions EDITOR... interactions from the clinician’s point of view It complements the standard encyclopedic work in this field, Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs: The International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drug Reactions and