ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC GIÁO DỤC NGUYỄN THỊ BẮC XÂY DỰNG BỘ CÂU HỎI CHUẨN HÓA TRẮC NGHIỆM KHÁCH QUAN KỸ NĂNG ĐỌC HIỂU CẤP ĐỘ THEO KHUNG NĂNG LỰC NGOẠI NGỮ VIỆT NAM TẠI HỌC VIỆN AN NINH LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ NGÀNH ĐO LƢỜNG VÀ ĐÁNH GIÁ TRONG GIÁO DỤC HÀ NỘI – 2017 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC GIÁO DỤC NGUYỄN THỊ BẮC XÂY DỰNG BỘ CÂU HỎI CHUẨN HÓA TRẮC NGHIỆM KHÁCH QUAN KỸ NĂNG ĐỌC HIỂU CẤP ĐỘ THEO KHUNG NĂNG LỰC NGOẠI NGỮ VIỆT NAM TẠI HỌC VIỆN AN NINH LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ NGÀNH ĐO LƢỜNG VÀ ĐÁNH GIÁ TRONG GIÁO DỤC CHUYÊN NGÀNH: ĐO LƢỜNG VÀ ĐÁNH GIÁ TRONG GIÁO DỤC Mã số: 60140120 Ngƣời hƣớng dẫn khoa học: Tiến sĩ Tô Thị Thu Hƣơng HÀ NỘI – 2017 LỜI CAM ĐOAN Tôi xin cam đoan luận văn với tiêu đề“Xây dựng câu hỏi chuẩn hóa trắc nghiệm khách quan kỹ Đọc hiểu cấp độ theo Khung lực ngoại ngữ Việt Nam Học viện An ninh nhân dân" hoàn toàn kết nghiên cứu cá nhân kết đề tài chƣa đƣợc cơng bố cơng trình nghiên cứu ngƣời khác Các số liệu, kết đƣợc trình bày luận văn sản phẩm nghiên cứu cá nhân Các thông tin tham khảo đƣợc trích dẫn rõ nguồn gốc theo quy định Tơi xin chịu trách nhiệm tính trung thực số liệu nội dung khác luận văn Hà Nội, ngày 10 tháng 11 năm 2016 Tác giả luận văn (Ký ghi rõ họ tên) Nguyễn Thị Bắc i LỜI CẢM ƠN Em xin bày tỏ lịng biết ơn chân thành tới TS Tơ Thị Thu Hƣơng, ngƣời trực tiếp hƣớng dẫn dìu dắt em suốt tiến trình thực đề tài Em xin chân thành cảm ơn Thầy/Cô thuộc Bộ môn Đo lƣờng Đánh giá giáo dục, trƣờng Đại học Giáo dục, Đại học Quốc Gia Hà nộiđã theo sát, nhắc nhở chúng em trình học tập nhƣ hoàn thiện luận văn Đặc biệt, xin gửi lời biết ơn sâu sắc đến cha mẹ, gia đình, bạn bè đồng nghiệp động viên giúp đỡ em suốt thời gian thực luận văn tốt nghiệp Trong q trình hồn thành luận văn cố gắng nhiều, nhiên khả năng, kiến thức cịn hạn hẹp nên khơng tránh khỏi sai sót, hạn chế em mong tiếp tục nhận đƣợc góp ý, tƣ vấn để hoàn thiện luận văn nhƣ cơng trình nghiên cứu khoa học Hà Nội, ngày 10 tháng 11 năm 2016 Học viên Nguyễn Thị Bắc ii DANH MỤC CÁC KÝ HIỆU, CÁC CHỮ VIẾT TẮT HVAN : Học viện An ninh TNKQ : Trắc nghiệm khách quan Khung NLNN VN : Khung lực ngoại ngữ bậc Việt Nam MCQ : Câu hỏi nhiều lựa chọn iii DANH MỤC CÁC BẢNG Bảng 1.1: So sánh loại tiếp cận thiết kế đề thi (nguồn NormanEGronlund ) Bảng 1.2: Báng phán bổ xác suất tự nhiên câu hỏi dạng MCQ Bảng 1.3: Nguồn lựa chọn đọc Bảng 1.4 Bảng mơ tả đặc tính đọc Bảng 1.5 Bảng tóm tắt mức nhận thức theo quan niệm Bloom Bảng 1.6 Bảng mô tả kỹ đọc cấp độ theo Khung NLNN bậc Bảng 1.7 Bảng mơ tả mức độ tương thích Khung CEFR Khung NLNNVN Bảng 2.8 Bảng mô tả dạng thức đề thi B1 áp dụng HVAN Bảng 2.9 Bảng mô tả nội dung kiểm tra phần đề thi Bảng 2.10 Bảng mô tả ma trận thi Bảng 2.11 Bảng mô tả ma trận nhận thức theo Bloom Bảng 2.12 Bảng hỏi tham khảo ý kiến giảng viên câu hỏi trắc nghiệm đề thi Bảng 3.13 Độ khó câu trắc nghiệm Part Bảng 3.14: Độ khó câu trắc nghiệm Part Bảng 3.15: Độ khó câu trắc nghiệm Part Bảng 3.16: Độ khó câu trắc nghiệm Part Bảng 3.17: Độ phân biệt Part Bảng 3.18: Độ phân biệt Part Bảng 3.19: Độ phân biệt Part Bảng 3.20: Độ phân biệt Part Bảng 3.21: Bảng thống kê câu có độ phân biệt Bảng 3.22: Bảng thống kê phương án sai chất lượng Bảng 3.23: Thống kê kết phân tích câu hỏi thử nghiệm lần thứ hai Bảng 3.24: Bảng thống kê độ khó câu hỏi đề thi 01 Bảng 3.25: Các phương án sai không hấp dẫn đề thi 01 Bảng 3.26: Độ phân biệt câu hỏi thi đề thi đề thi 01 Bảng 3.27: Hệ số tương quan điểm câu hỏi thi với điểm toàn thi đề thi 01 Bảng 3.28: Sự phù hợp câu hỏi thi với mơ hình Rasch đề thi 01 Bảng 3.29 Thống kê câu hỏi đạt/chưa đạt chất lượng iv 10 10 20 32 33 38 39 40 41 46 50 51 52 53 53 54 54 55 56 56 61 61 63 64 65 66 79 DANH MỤC CÁC SƠ ĐỒ, BIỂU ĐỒ, MƠ HÌNH Sơ đồ 1.1: Mối quan hệ Kiểm tra, Đo lường Đánh giá Sơ đồ 1.2: Quy trình xây dựng câu hỏi trắc nghiệm khách quan 12 Hình1.3:Mơhìnhđơngiảnvềvaitrịcủakiểmtraphântíchtrìnhđộhọcsinh(nguồnNormanEGronlund) 21 Hình 1.4: Mơ hình đơn giản kiểm tra tiến độ(nguồnNormanEGronlund) 23 Hình 1.5: Mơ hình đơn giản kiểm tra cuối trình đào tạo(nguồn Norman E 24 Gronlund) Hình 1.6: Sơ đồ mối quan hệ ngược kết 27 Hình 1.7 Sơ đồ lực ngơn ngữ 28 Hình 1.8 Sơ đồ yếu tố trình hiểu văn 30 Biểu đồ3.9: Biểu đồ phân bố độ khó 50 Biểu đồ3.10: Biểu đồ phân bố độ khó Part 51 Biểu đồ3.11: Biểu đồ phân bố độ khó Part 53 Biểu đồ3.12: Biểu đồ phân bố độ khó Part 53 Biểu đồ 3.13: Biểu đồ phân bố độ phân biệt Part 54 Biểu đồ3.14: Biểu đồ phân bố độ phân biệt Part 54 Biểu đồ3315: Biểu đồ phân bố độ phân biệt Part 55 Biểu đồ3.16: Biểu đồ phân bố độ phân biệt Part 56 Sơ đồ 3.17: Sự phù hợp câu hỏi thi với mơ hình Rasch đề thi 01 67 Biểu đồ 3.18 Biểu đồ phân bố độ khó câu hỏi thi lực thí sinh đề thi 01 67 v MỤC LỤC Lời cam đoan Lời cảm ơn Các ký hiệu, chữ viết tắt Danh mục bảng Danh mục sơ đồ, biểu đồ, mơ hình Mục lục MỞ ĐẦU Lý chọn đề tài Mục đích nghiên cứu đề tài Giới hạn, phạm vi nghiên cứu Câu hỏi nghiên cứu, giả thuyết nghiên cứu đề tài Khách thể nghiên cứu đối tƣợng nghiên cứu Phƣơng pháp nghiên cứu Bố cục luận văn CHƢƠNG 1: CƠ SỞ LÍ LUẬN VÀ TỔNG QUAN NGHIÊN CỨU 1.1 Tổng quan tình hình nghiên cứu 1.1.1 Tình hình nghiên cứu Việt Nam 1.2 Tình hình nghiên cứu nước ngồi 1.2 Lý thuyết đo lƣờng đánh giá giáo dục 1.2.1 Một số khái niệm đo lường đánh giá giáo dục 1.2.2Quy trình thiết kế câu hỏi TNKQ kỹ đọc hiểu tiếng Anh cấp độ theo Khung NLNN Việt Nam 1.3 Cơ sở lý luận phân tích câu hỏi thi đề thi 1.3.1 Mục tiêu phân tích câu hỏi thi 1.3.2 Vị trí vai trị phân tích câu hỏi thi 1.4 Nội dung hoạt động phân tích câu hỏi thi 1.4.1 Độ khó câu hỏi thi 1.4.2 Các khả nhầm đáp án 1.4.3.Chất lượng phương án sai (phương án sai) 1.4.4 Độ phân biệt câu hỏi thi vi i ii iii iv v vi ix ix xi xi xi xii xii xiii 1 1 3 10 13 14 14 14 15 15 16 16 1.4.5 Hệ số tương quan điểm câu hỏi thi với điểm toàn thi 1.4.6 Độ tin cậy đề thi 1.5 Phân loại mục tiêu dạy học mức độ lĩnh vực nhận thức 1.5.1 Mục tiêu dạy học 1.5.2 Các mức độ lĩnh vực nhận thức 1.5.3 Mục đích kiểm tra đánh giá 1.5.4 Ý nghĩa việc kiểm tra, đánh giá 1.6 Đánh giá lực đọc hiểu 1.6.1 Năng lực ngôn ngữ 1.6.2 Kỹ đọc hiểu 1.7 Khung lực ngoại ngữ Việt Nam Nội dung Kỹ Đọc hiểu cấp độ Tiểu kết Chƣơng CHƢƠNG 2: PHƢƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU 2.1 Chƣơng trình tiếng Anh cấp độ B1 Học viện An ninh 2.2 Tổng quát định dạng đề thi 2.3 Quy định cách tính điểm thi 2.4 Phân bố nội dungkiểm tra ma trận thi kỹ Đọc hiểu tiếng Anh bậc theo Khung NLNN Việt Nam 2.5 Xây dựng câu hỏi thi 2.6 Lấy ý kiến tham khảo giảng viên câu trắc nghiệm 2.7 Thực nghiệm sƣ phạm 2.7.1 Ý nghĩa việc thực nghiệm sư phạm 2.7.2 Cách thức tiến hành Tiểu kết Chƣơng CHƢƠNG 3: KẾT QUẢ NGHIÊN CỨU VÀ KHUYẾN NGHỊ 3.1 Phân tích 324 câu hỏi thi 3.1.1 Phân tích câu hỏi thi lần thứ 3.1.2 Phân tích câu hỏi thi lần thứ hai 3.2 Phân tích đề thi 3.2.1 Độ khó câu hỏi thi 3.2.2 Các khả nhầm đáp án vii 17 17 17 17 18 20 24 27 27 29 31 34 35 36 37 39 39 41 45 47 48 49 50 51 51 58 61 61 3.2.3 Chất lượng phương án sai (phương án sai) 3.2.4 Độ phân biệt câu hỏi thi 3.2.5 Hệ số tương quan điểm câu hỏi thi với điểm toàn thi 3.2.6 Sự phù hợp câu hỏi thi 3.2.7 Sơ đồ phân bố độ khó câu hỏi thi lực thí sinh 3.2.8 Các số thống kê câu hỏi 3.3 Độ tin cậy đề thi 3.4 Hạn chế nghiên cứu gợi ý hƣớng nghiên cứu KHUYẾN NGHỊ TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO PHỤ LỤC viii 63 64 65 66 66 68 69 71 73 75 91 * * 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890 key BCADCCDBBABDCBADDADBBCCABCBCDACBCBDAADDBBDCADBCBACDAADAABDBCBCDBCBDADBDCAABDDABA! score=1 scale 1-80 !bac estimate ! iter=80;scale=bac show ! scale=bac >- bac.map show cases!scale=bac; form=export; delimiter=tab >- bac.cas *show cases!scale=bac >-bac.cas *show items!scale=bac >-bac.itm itanal ! scale=bac >- bac.ita quit Câu lệnh phân tích đề thi 01 Header THU NGHIEM PHAN TICH CAU HOI set width =150 ! page set logon >- bac.log data_file dulieu Dethi.dat codes ABCD0 format items (t1,30a1) * * 123456789012345678901234567890 key BABBDBCACAACBCBBBDCBBCCABCBCDA! score=1 scale 1-30!bac estimate ! iter=100;scale=bac show ! scale=bac >- bac.map show cases!scale=bac; form=export; delimiter=tab >- bac.cas *show cases!scale=bac >-bac.cas *show items!scale=bac >-bac.itm itanal ! scale=bac >- bac.ita quit Phụ lục 3:Bộ câu hỏi TNKQ kỹ đọc hiểu cấp độ theo Khung NLNN Việt Nam PART Read the following sentences and circle the best answer A, B, C or D Example: Elena …………… a Saturday Job working in a library a few months ago A got√ B became C was D saw He has …………… references A excellent B excellence C excelling D excelled They painted the house ………… A ourselves B themselves C yourselves D theirselves They washed up after they …………… dinner A finished B had finished C are finishing D have finished If it rains tomorrow, the picnic ………… cancelled A would be B will have been C has been D will be Her father ……… a living driving a truck A does B has C makes D creates She was happy………… he remembered her birthday A so B then C because D however He is handsome, but I find him very …………… A unattractive B inattractive C imattractive D irattractive He goes out of the room without closing the door He behaves as an ………… person A polite B impolite C unpolite D impolitely - Today, our teacher wears a red dress it seems to be ……… I don't like it - uh, me too A fashionable B modern C unfashionable D pretty 10 When you arrive at an airport, you should go straight to the check - in desk where your ticket and luggage ………… A was checked B were checked C is checked D are checked 11 If it rains, we ……… camping A cancel B will cancel C won't cancel D would cancel 12 I ………… to hearing from you soon A looking for B look out C looking forward D look forward 13 The test was ……… almost of people in my class failed A so difficult B such difficult C so difficult that D such difficult that 14 I think you're wrong I don't agree ……… you at all A with B to C about D of 15 The cut on my leg is taking a long time to ……………… A heal B right C cure D remedy 16 She put ……………… speaking to him as long as possible A off B over C away D back 17 His parents agreed to …………… him their car while they were away on holiday A borrow B lend C hire D let 91 18 If it ……………… fine, I shall go out A was B is C were D will be 19 When you ……………… him, give him my best wishes A will visit B are visiting C visit D have visited 20 She …… drive to the station every day but then she suddenly decided to walk instead A was used to B had used to C was using to D used to 21.Marrying into such a rich family has always been ………………his wildest dream A under B above C over D beyond 22.The soap opera star threatened to …………… her dentist for $10 million A prosecute B sue C convict D charge 23.Whatever happens, your father and I will always …………… you A stand by B stand for C stand over D stand in for 24 Supposing I ……………… to agree to your request, how you think the other students would feel? A would B am C were D could 25 Are you used ……………… on your own? A to work B to working C at work D with working 26 “I really don’t like the idea.” “Neither …………… I” A like B don’t C nor D 27 ………… he hasn’t any formal qualifications, he has managed to very well for him A Despite B Notwithstanding C Although D Whereas 28 The judge found him of stealing and sent him to prison A evil B innocent C guilty D wicked 29 The police questioned all the guests: they that one of them was a spy A wondered B surprised C challenged D suspected 30 After you have paid a bill, you are given a to show that you have paid A deceit B receiver C receipt D reception 31 Nothing will prevent him .succeeding A in B at C from D on 32 He may be quick .understanding, but he is not capable remembering anything A in/on B at/with C at/of D above/of 33 How you know this is the right plane? The ticket agent said it would be at A the gate six B six gate C sixth gate D gate six 34 What did you say? The principal doesn’t permit here A to shout B shout C shouting D shouted 35.If this animal had escaped from its cage it could have… killed or maimed several people A equally B both C well D severely 36 You can join the club when you a bit older A will have got B will get C get D are getting 37 If you your money to mine, we shall have enough A add B combine C join D unite 38 I'll phone as soon as I to London A make B get C reach D got 39 They our party about eleven A leave B left C leaves D have left 40 Paul with us for about nine days by now A have lived B has lived C had lived D lived 41 Last year I all of my books in my office A keep B kept C have kept D has kept 42 I'm afraid I my gloves when I was walking home A lost B will lose C has lost D.have lost 43 Mark prefers cycling driving A than B for C to D as 44 Your sister used to visit you quite often, ? A didn't she B doesn't she C wouldn't she D hadn't she 45 I think that you had better earlier so that you can get to class on time A to start to get up B started getting up C start getting up D to get up 46 There is no reason to the man simply because you not agree with him A insult and defame B enhance and defame C insult and deput D animate and destroy 47 I'm a sharp cookie There's no way anybody can pull the wool over my A tissue B eyes C truth D grass 48.If that firm wants to attract workers, it must the pay A lower B raise C spread D rise 49 The lung transplant operation was complicated and the doctors had to take special care to ensure its success A broadly B immediately C extremely D slightly 50 I am glad so many people have passed the test In fact, there were who haven't A little B a little C few D a few 51 The funeral will be , and only members of the dead man's family will attend 92 A peculiar B particular C private D alone 52 Do you really believe ghosts? A in B for C on D about 53 I enjoyed her again after all this time A seeing B see C to see D to seeing 54 I am sorry that I can't your invitation A take B accept C agree D have 55 When he was a boy, he was always willing to join in a of football A match B play C game D group 56 The next of the committee will take place on Thursday A seating B group C collection D meeting 57 Who the boss tell him that? A did hear B does hear C hears D heard 58 His parents never allowed him A a smoking B smoking C to smoke D some smoked 59 I have absolutely no doubt the innocence of the accused A about B over C on D with 60 As James had distinctions in Chemistry and Biology in his Higher School Certificate Examination, I hoped to _ subjects at university A abandon B discover C specialize D take part in one of these PART Practice Questions 1-5: Look at the text in each question What does it say? Circle the correct letter A, B, C or D Example: A Go to the office if you have lost a floppy disc B Make sure all schoolwork is given in on floppy disc to the office C If you have found a floppy disc, please leave it at the office LOST FLOPPY DISC D Put the lost floppy disc contained important schoolwork on the table in the office Lost on Tuesday-contains important schoolwork 2.61 Hand in to office 2.62 A Save our money by switching off fans when you finish using a room B When you leave, please replace any fans you have borrowed from other rooms C Please lock away all fans before leaving the room D Turn off all fans to save electricity costs A Phillipe and Stefano missed each other at the stadium B Stefano had to leave without Phillippe to get work C Stefano has given up waiting for Phillippe to arrive D Phillippe informed Stefano of the match Phillippe Couldn't wait any longer, didn't want to miss the start of the match Problem at work? Here's your ticket - see you at the stadium, PARENTS: 2.63 2.64 Stefano Complete and return your child's form for next month's school trip by Friday A Parents must return forms this week if their child is going on Friday's trip B Parents cannot go on next month's trip unless they return their forms by Friday C The last day for returning completed forms for the trip is D The form must be completed on Friday before the trip Friday A It is not possible to use the lift above the ground floor today B The lift will not be going to the basement today C The stairs between the basement and the ground floor are closed today D Lift service today does not work at ground floor 93 Lift service starts at ground floor today For basement please use the stairs 2.65 COLLEGE STAFFS/ STUDENT BUS Students cannot get on the bus without ID cards 2.66 A This bus service can’t be used by college staff unless they show ID cards B Students can get their ID cards on the bus C Students are not allowed on the bus unless they have ID cards D Students and staffs have to show their ID cards before getting on the bus A Laura liked the jumper Jane bought, but needs it in a different size B Laura wants to try to get the same jumper in a different color C Laura received two jumpers which were the same, so wants to exchange one D Laura disliked the jumper because it did not match her coat UNIVERSITY HOLIDAYS 2.67 From next Friday, the library will be closed during weekends and evenings 2.68 Market vehicles unload here 07.00 – 10.00 daily Customer parking allowed at other times 2.69 2.70 Lisa! Yvonne can’t go to the concert tonight Let me know as soon as possible if you’d like her ticket If not, I’ll offer it to Marie Sally The library will A have shorter opening hours until next Friday B change its opening hours next Friday C open again to students next Friday D close all evenings A Customer can park outside the market for up to three hours B You may unload your vehicle here at any time C Customer may park here at times when vehicles are not unloading D Customer are not allowed in the mornings Who should Lisa contacts if she wants to go to the concert? A Yvonne B Marie C Sally D anyone of three above persons A Register your car here by filling in this form B Put this form in your car windscreen after filling it in C Place the completed form at the top of your car windscreen D Place the completed form in your car 94 2.71 A Each tour of the castles lasts less than two hours B Two hours is the minimum time recommended for a visit to the castle C Visitors are only allowed to spend two hours inside the castle D Visitors are allowed to visit the castle all day 2.72 A Lost locker keys can be replaced for a charge of € STUDENTS! YOUR 6€ DEPOSIT FOR LOCKER KEYS WON'T BE REFUNDED IF KEYS ARE LOST 2.73 B You cannot collect your locker key until you have paid a € deposit C We cannot return your € deposit if you lose your locker key D You will receive € if your locker key is lost A Hannah has got a purple 'Fast Boys' T-shirt and wants one in another colour B Hannah would rather have a purple 'Fast Boys' T-shirt if possible C Hannah only wants a 'Fast Boys' T-shirt if it's a purple one D Hannah hasn't got one purple T-shirt in her size 2.74 Class Garden Party What has changed about Class 5's party? A the time B the place C the refreshments D the weather 17 July 3.30 pm Because of bad weather, tomorrow's party will now be in the School Hall Please give party food and drink to Mrs Bloom by 2.75 11a.m Becky, Mum is writing to A tell Becky to stay at home to see aunt B ask Becky to tidy the house before she leaves C remind Becky to go to her aunt's house D tell Becky to go out with her aunt Jane Don't forget your Aunt Jane's coming to stay tonight, so can you make sure the house is neatwhen you go out this afternoon? 2.76 Mum School Fitness Centre From the end of August, the fitness centre will be closed during the weekends and evenings The school fitness centre will A close all days in week, except weekends and evening 95 B have shorter opening hours until the end of August C open again to students at the end of August D change its opening hours at the end of August 2.77 The English class must take their workbooks to the language laboratory A The students will take a test today Mr Wright's English lesson today will B The room for English lessons is changing because of the test C The usual English teacher cannot attend today's lesson be in Room 24D beside the language D Today's English lesson will be beside the laboratory because the laboratory He's off sick, so use the teacher is sick lesson to revise for the test Bring your workbooks! 2.78 A Application forms are unavailable after 1st November B The earliest that students can pick up their application forms is 1st November C Students should give in their application forms on 1st November D Application forms will be given on 1st November Trip to New York Application forms will be available from the school office from 1st November 2.79 A Louis went windsurfing after he went to the funfair yesterday B Louis played beach volleyball before he went windsurfing C Louis went to the funfair before he had lunch D Louis had a barbecue before playing beach volleyball 2.80 A Don't sit at the front of the café unless you're attending the party B Only people invited to the party can come into the café C If you're coming to the party you shouldn't use the tables at the front D The café says "sorry" because of closing today Jungle Café SORRY! 281 2.82 Tables at the front of the café are reserved for a birthday party A The homework given out on Friday must be returned by Monday B Students who wish to hand in their homework on Monday should tell Mr Peters C Anyone having problems with their homework may have extra time to complete it D The maths homework must be handed in on Friday A Part of the pool is not deep enough for diving B Diving is forbidden in all areas of the pool C The far end of the pool is reserved for divers only D The Parkside pool is only used for diving 96 2.83 A Juan will sell Maria his guitar if she wants it B Pedro has a guitar which Maria might want to buy C Juan would prefer to sell his guitar to Pedro D Juan asked Maria to buy the guitar 2.84 A Do not read our books while you are eating in the café B Pay in the café for any books that you want to buy C Do not take books which you haven't bought yet into the cafe D Don't take books into the cafe 2.85 A A new 22 bus will operate along Regent Street from January B After January you can catch a 22 bus all day on Regent Street C There will be a limited 22 bus service along Regent Street from January D The 22 bus service will operate along Regent Street on January 2.86 A Save our money by switching off fans when you finish using a room B When you leave, please replace any fans you have borrowed from other rooms C Please lock away all fans before leaving the room D Turn off all fans to save electricity costs 2.87 A Equipment is available for a maximum of 15 minutes at any time B The time limit for using the equipment is 15 minutes C When the gym is crowded, there is a time limit for using the equipment D At busy times you may have to queue to use the equipment 2.88 A Be careful with this parcel as the goods might break B Use the handle to pick up this parcel so the goods won't break C Take care when wrapping parcels with breakable goods inside D Be careful when handle breakable goods in parcel 97 2.89 A You cannot walk your dog here B Dog owners must wear a lead C Owners must lead their dogs D You may walk your dog if it’s wearing a lead 2.90 A B C D The bank is open every 24 hours Bank employees work 24 hours a day You can use the banking system at any time, day or night You can get a bank loan in 24 hours PART Practice Read the text and questions below For each question, circle the correct letter A, B, C or D Example: What is the meaning of "seafront"? A beach B before sea C area around sea D sea side It is well known that the building development company Cityspace wants to knock down the existing seafront sports club in Layton and replace it with a leisure centre that will consist of a multi-screen cinema, restaurants and an entertainment centre But a local action group has promised to fight the £30 million development of the sports club, which has provided family facilities for over 25 years The action group was set up three weeks after the project was announced Members of the group argue that the new centre will be too big and totally change the way the town looks They also dislike the removal of sports facilities from the centre and the change to less healthy activities such as video games and films Apart from size of the project, they say that 550 parking spaces provided will be too few and parking will become more difficult as a result Local hotel owners have welcomed the project, but the action group says that in general it will only have a bad effect on the neighbourhood According to one group member it will result in up to 4,000 people being around Layton seafront late at night 'A lot of old people and families live nearby,' he explained A meeting is being held tonight to discuss the plans 3.91 What is the writer trying to in the article? A show why the new leisure centre is needed B give her own opinion about the new leisure centre C describe the arguments against the new leisure centre D suggest where the new leisure centre should be built 3.92 What will the reader discover from the article? A how long it will take to complete the new leisure centre B how many members the action group has C how much it will cost to join the new leisure centre D how long the sports club has been in Layton 3.93 What does the action group think about the new leisure centre? A It will not be right for the area B It will cost too much to build C It will not attract enough people D It will provide too little entertainment 3.94 What does Rachel like about skateboarding? A people who a lot of sport B people working in the tourist industry C people who come into Layton by car D people living near the seafront 3.95 What would be a good headline for the article? A B C D 98 Practice Read the text and questions below For each question, circle the correct letter A, B, C or D Example: What is the spy James Bond? A The name of a film B The name of a famous actor C The name of the writer who writes the essay D The name of the director of the film One to Watch! Essay by Jessica Bourne, aged 14 I'm a big fan of films featuring the spy James Bond I've got most of them on DVD We've recently bought Quantum of Solace, in which Daniel Craig plays the part of Bond I don't know why the film's got that name - but it's a great movie, anyway All the actors who've played James Bond have been great, but Daniel Craig, who's made lots of other films, plays the part better than any of them Even though he doesn't talk very much, I think he's the most perfect actor for the role He even does a few of the more dangerous things in the film himself, instead of getting someone else to them I did wonder sometimes whether he'd be clever enough to defeat the bad people - I'm not going to tell you the ending! The actress who stars with Craig gives a fantastic performance too - I loved all the glamorous clothes she wore! The director probably had a hard job making this Bond film as full of action as earlier ones But the excitement starts right at the beginning here, with a car chase along a mountain road, and plenty of the other thrilling scenes, too - Bond leaping of tall building and so on Unfortunately, I found the story difficult to follow in places, and it also seemed to be over very quickly - it lasted under two hours I also felt there weren't as many jokes as in the old Bond films And where was all the ridiculous Bond equipment - the underwater car or exploding watch that everyone laughed at? This is a more serious, darker Bond film, but I still really enjoyed it 3.96 What is Jessica trying to in her essay? A explain what first attracted her to Bond films B tell readers about the Bond DVDs she owns C give a balanced view of a Bond film she has seen D describe how Daniel Craig got the part of James Bond 3.97 What can a reader find out from Jessica's essay? A whether Quantum of Solace is her favourite Bond film B what are the films Daniel Craig has made C which other actors have played James Bond D whether she thinks Daniel Craig is the best James Bond 3.98 What does Jessica tell us about Craig in the new Bond film? A He performs some of the action scenes B He wears some stylish clothes C He is given a lot of lines to stay D He looks strong and fit enough to fight the criminals 3.99 What is one problem with the film, according to Jessica? A It seems a bit too long B It's sometimes hard to understand what's happening C It has too much silly technology in it D It has jokes that aren't very funny 3.100 Which of these might appear in a magazine review of the new Bond film? A B It's full of excitement, with Bond jumping across The director wanted to move away from the rooftops, so don't be disappointed by the slow last Bond film and include a bit less action start C D I'm not sure the title tells you much … but be prepared to watch a rather different kind of Bondmovie Daniel Craig performed well as James Bond, but the main female star was disappointing Practice Read the text and questions below For each question, circle the correct letter A, B, C or D Example: What is the meaning of "cycling"? A riding a bike B a circle C a bike D riding a horse Cycling in the countryside By Chris Jones, aged 14 Have you ever been cycling? This spring my older brother and I left the busy city and spent a long weekend cycling in the countryside Our average speed was only around 14 kph, but that didn't matter We hadn't come to break any speed records, or to get fit and healthy All we wanted was some fresh air and a break from schoolwork My bike only once went more than 30 99 kph, and that was when I raced my brother down the only hill on our route We really enjoyed cycling along flat, traffic - free country paths There was plenty of spring sunshine, but it was quite cold, especially in the mornings We didn't mind, though - and we soon warmed up as we rode along Our only problem was when my brakes started making a terrible noise But I didn't mind as it gave us an excuse to visit a cafe while a helpful bike mechanic had a look at it That was one of the best things about our route: every few kilometers there was a village where we could find everything we needed All the local people were really friendly, too However, most places we stopped at served chips with all the meals, which soon got fairly boring On night we were woken at p.m by a group of rug by fans singing loudly in the hotel corridor We were tired and bad tempered when we set off the next morning and very nearly got lost, but soon felt more cheerful when the sun came out That's what I like about cycling - It's simple and it's fun If you're looking for a short break that's active and cheap, then cycling is a great choice! 3.101 What is Chris Jones doing in this text? A describing the different places he saw while cycling B comparing cycling to other forms of exercise C suggesting places to stay on a cycling holiday D recommending cycling as good type of holiday 3.102 What we find out about Chris's bike? A It's wasn't as good as his brother's B It was too old to go fast C It needed attention at one point D It had trouble going up hills 3.103 Chris was pleased because A he and his brother had chosen a good route B he felt much healthier than before he began his trip C he met other people who were keen on cycling D he went away at the best time of year for cycling 3.104 What did Chris dislike about his trip? A breaking down B the food C the weather D getting lost 3.105 What might Chris say in a postcard to a friend? A B C I'm having a great holiday, I'm having a really fit spending lots of time in cycling so fast up and friendly cafes and enjoying I'm pleased to be away from being by myself for once! cars and lorries for a change Having a good time, despite D down the hills in this part I'm of enjoying cycling with the countryside my brother this weekend, and staying at a very Practice some Read the text and questions below problems For each question, circle the correct letter A, B, C or D.quite hotel in this Example: countryside What is the meaning of "cycling"? A riding a bike B a circle C a bike D riding a horse Baking By Sam Jarvis, aged 12 My grandmother loves making bread and cakes, and is always surprised that the rest of my family never any baking So my parents decided they'd take me and my younger sister on a course, so that we could all find out how to make bread - and pizza, our favourite food! We booked our places, and set off for Oakton Farm in countryside It was a very long drive, and when we arrived we went straight to bed The next morning we got up early, fed the ducks on the lake, and looked at the bull in the next field Then we met out teacher, Michael, who seemed quite strict, and the other parents and children, who were really friendly The cooking part was brilliant, Michael gave us long white coasts to wear, which we all felt a bit silly in Then we all made bread rolls, mixing flour and water with our hands My sister kept complaining at first Then even she started to enjoy it, and to concentrate on following the instructions Dad made lots of mess, I got flour on the floor and in my hair, and Mum didn't even get angry! I took ages to make my rolls, though We finally put our initials on the bottom of each roll, then made some pizzas and decorated them, which was fun And we didn't even have to the washing-up! For something to while the pizzas were cooking, we all went for a swim in the lake It was fantastic Then we went back inside and ate our pizzas They were the best we'd ever tasted! 3.106 What is Sam trying to in the text? A explain how to bake cakes B discuss the importance of knowing how to cook C describe how she enjoyed a day with his family D inform readers about life on a farm 100 3.107 Sam's parents took the children to Oakton Farm because they wanted them to A learn a new skill B make something for their grandmother C spend time in the countryside D meet other people the same age 3.108 What we learn about Oakton Farm? A It had lots of animals living there B It was far from where they lived C It was just like Sam expected D It was run by a friendly man 3.109 What does Sam say about his cooking experience? A He was better at it than his sister B He liked wearing the clothes he was given C He could be untidy without getting into trouble D He was the first to finish 3.110 What might Sam write in a postcard to his grandmother? A B D C Practice Read the text and questions below For each question, circle the correct letter A, B, C or D Example: Where is the Atlantic College located? A Atlantic B Britain C Wales D Enland Atlantic College Last week I went to visit Atlantic College, an excellent private college in Wales Unusually, it gives young people much needed experience of life outside the classroom, as well as the opportunity to study for their exams The students, who are aged between 16 and 18 and come from all over the world, spend the morning studying I the afternoon they go out and a really useful activity, such as helping on the farm, looking after people with learning difficulties, or checking for pollution in rivers One of the great things about Atlantic College students is that they come from many different social backgrounds and countries As few can afford the fees of £20,000 over two years, grants are available A quarter of the students are British, and many of those can only attend because they receive government help ‘I really admire the college for trying to encourage international understanding among young people’, as Barbara Molenkamp, a student form the Netherlands, said ‘You learn to live with people and respect them, even the ones you don’t like During the summer holidays my mother couldn’t believe how much less I argued with my sister.’ To sum up, Atlantic College gives its students an excellent education, using methods which really seem to work 3.111 What is the writer trying to in the article? A give an opinion about a particular student B give an opinion about a special type of education C describe the activities the students in their free time D describe his own experience of education 3.112 What can a reader find out from this text? A how to become a student at Atlantic College B what kind of programme Atlantic College offers C what the Brittish education system is like D how to get along better with other people 3.113 What is the writer’s opinion of Atlantic College? A It doesn’t allow students enough study time 101 B Its students are taught to like each other C It doesn’t give good value for money D Its way of teaching is successful 3.114 Since being at Atlantic College, Barbara A has learnt a lot about other countries B has become more confident than her sister C finds it easier to get on with other people D prefers her new friends to her family 3.115 Which advertisement uses correct information about Atlantic College? A B Study at Atlantic College Courses for 16-18 years old Morning lessons and afternoon activities Help with fees available C D Study at Atlantic College Classes on international topics Many free places available Students of all ages welcome Study at Atlantic College Courses for 16-18 years old Lessons all morning, sport in the afternoon Study at Atlantic College Learn English in a beautiful place Lots of weekend activities Help with fees available Passage 12 Read the text and questions below For each question, mark the correct letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet Time to wake up to the facts about sleep 'Claims that we are chronically sleep-deprived are unfounded and irresponsible, says sleep researcher Jim Horne' Claims of widespread sleep deprivation in western society are nothing new – in 1894, the British Medical Journal warned that the „hurry and excitement‟ of modern life was leading to an epidemic of insomnia But even then it probably wasn‟t true The fact is that most adults get enough sleep, and our sleep debt, if it exists at all, has not worsened in recent times The well-known „fact‟ that people used to sleep around hours a night is a myth The figure originates from a 1913 study by researchers at Stanford University, which did find that average daily sleep was hours – but this applied to children aged to 17, not adults Even today, children continue to average this amount Over the past 40 years, there have been several large studies of how much sleep people actually get, and the findings have consistently shown that healthy adults sleep to 7" hours a night More support for today‟s epidemic of sleep debt supposedly comes from laboratory studies using very sensitive tests of sleepiness, such as the multiple sleep latency test, in which participants are sent to a quiet, dimly lit bedroom and instructed to „relax, close your eyes and try to go to sleep‟ These tests claim to reveal high levels of sleepiness in the general population, but as they are performed under relaxing conditions they are able to eke out the very last quantum of sleepiness which, under everyday conditions, is largely unnoticeable Another line of evidence trotted out for chronic sleep deprivation is that we typically sleep longer on vacation and at weekends, often up to or 10 hours a night It is often assumed that we this to pay off a sleep debt built up during the week However, just because we can easily sleep beyond our usual daily norm – the Saturday morning lie-in, the Sunday afternoon snooze – it doesn‟t follow that we really need the extra sleep Why shouldn‟t we be able to sleep to excess, for indulgence? After all, we enthusiastically eat and drink well beyond our biological needs What of the risk of a sleep shortage causing obesity? Several studies have found a link, including the Nurses‟ Health Study, which tracked 68,000 women for 16 years The hazard, though real, is hardly anything to worry about It only becomes apparent when habitual sleep is below hours a day, which applies to only per cent of the population, and even then the problem is minimal Somebody sleeping5 hours every night would only gain a kilogram of fat per year.The link between short sleep and diabetes has also been exaggerated It’s true that healthy youngadults who are restricted to hours’ sleep a night for several nights show the beginnings of glucoseintolerance, which can be a precursor to type diabetes However, that doesn’t mean it happens in thereal world For one thing, the effect quickly reverses after one night of recovery sleep Moreover, 4hours’ sleep is highly artificial and the vast majority of people cannot sustain it for more than a fewdays Our very lowest natural limit seems to be hours, yet the researchers did not test the effect of 5hours’ sleep on metabolism, and many have just assumed that what is found with hours’ sleepapplies to short sleep in general My team recently investigated sleep deprivation by giving around 11,000 adults a questionnaire asking about it in an indirect way We asked respondents the times when they usually went to bed and woke up, and the amount of sleep they felt they needed each night The responses to these two questions allowed us to get an estimate of the shortfall They also completed another questionnaire to assess daytime sleepiness Half the respondents turned out to have a sleep shortfall and around 20 per cent had daytime sleepiness We then asked, ‘If you had an extra hour a day, how would you prefer to spend it?’ The alternatives were exercising, socialising, reading or relaxing, working or sleeping Few people opted to use their extra hour for sleep It seems that people may want more sleep, but they may not actually need it, and they will happily forego extra sleep in favour of other leisure activities Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D 3.116 What problem does the writer identify with the study done at Stanford University in 1913? A The research was based on a false assumption B The findings conflict with those of later studies C The conclusion has not been accurately reported D The researchers did not clearly identify age groups 3.117 The writer claims tests such as the multiple sleep latency test may not have valid results because: A they not use a representative sample of the population B they require the subjects to try to sleep in unrealistic conditions C they not make precise enough measurements of the time slept D they encourage the subjects to sleep more than they would normally 3.118 The writer mentions the ‘Saturday morning lie-in’ as an example of 102 A a treat that may actually be harmful to health B something unnecessary that is done for pleasure C a time when we can catch up on the sleep we need D something that may not actually lead to extra sleep 3.119 What is the writer’s conclusion about the link between sleep and obesity? A A good way to lose weight is to sleep less B The risk of lack of sleep causing obesity is insignificant C Too much sleep leads to obesity in only 5% of cases D There is no relationship between lack of sleep and obesity 3.120 The writer criticises a study linking lack of sleep with diabetes because Ait was not based on a natural situation B it underestimated how little sleep people really need C it only concentrated on recovery sleep D it did not test the effect of lack of sleep on metabolism PART Practice Read the text below and choose the correct word for each space For each question, circle the correct letter A, B, C or D Example: A nature B true C clean D whole Making Money Do you like honey? Honey is a (0) ……… product, and it is made (4.121) ……… honey bees It has a special sweet flavor, (4.122)………… some people prefer to ordinary sugar Sometimes, it is even possible to (4.123) ………… from the flavor what kind of flowers the bees (4.124) ………… before producing the honey Have you ever (4.125) ………… about how honey is produced? Beekeepers - people who look after bees - are very important in the making of honey They (4.126) ……… the bees in their care produce (4.127) ……… honey than is needed Then the honey can be removed (4.128) ………… causing problems for the bees Honey collection is an ancient activity, (4.129) …………… back at least 10,000 years, and honey has (4.130) …………… increasingly popular nowadays as a healthy food 4.121 4.122 4.123 4.124 4.125 4.126 4.127 4.128 4.129 4.130 A of A what A know A went A considered A start A much A although A coming A become B from B who B take B visited B guessed B cause B many B without B going B turned C with C which C inform C met C wondered C let C most C instead C falling C gone D by D whose D answer D passed D doubted D bring D more D unless D moving D changed Practice Read the text below and choose the correct word for each space For each question, mark the correct letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet Example: A were B did C had D got Birth of the Movies Did you know that cinema is more than 100 years old? Moving pictures (0) ………… invented by the brothers Louis and August Lumiere The first showing of a moving picture or 'movie' (4.131) ………… place in a cinema in Paris on 28th December 1895 On that day, the Lumiere brothers showed movies (4.132) ………… their newly-invented machine, called the Cinematograph The audience saw a funny film in (4.133) ………… a gardener spilt a lot water on (4.134) ………… by accident Everyone really loved it! Cinema very (4.135) ………… became popular all over the world In 1907 the first film studios were built in a (4.136) ………… of Los Angeles called Hollywood (4.137) …………… the 1920s, Hollywood had become the centre of the world film (4.138) ………… To begin with, the movies had no sound Words (4.139) …… on the screen from time to time to (4.140) …………… the story 4.131 A found B took C went D gave 4.132 A doing B making C setting D using 4.133 A where B who C which D what 4.134 A yourself B himself C themselves D itself 103 4.135 A quickly B immediately 4.136 A place B site 4.137 A To B At 4.138 A industry B company 4.139 A developed B happened 4.140 A prove B explain Practice Read the text below and choose the correct word for each space For each answer sheet Example: A was B did C used C fast C location C For C trade C appeared C direct D early D district D By D firm D.displayed D advise question, mark the correct letter A, B, C or D on your D got Last Friday parents helped collect lots of money for a school by buying children’s pictures A primary school in Bicester (0)…… its classrooms as anart gallery for a day and (4.141) ……… parents to come and look All the pupils (4.142) ………… a workof art and (4.143) ……… painting went on sale at £5 Hundreds of parents and relations came and, together, they spent (4.144) ……… £2,000 Now the school is (4.145) ………… of making the exhibition bigger next year by also contacting businesses (4.146) ………… operate in the local area One of the school-children’s parents first had the (4.147) ……… after going to (4.148) ……… exhibitions in her home country, South Africa The school has decided to (4.149) ………… the money to buy books and CD players The Head Teacher said he was delighted to see the school (4.150) ……… full and he was very proud of the children 4.141 4.142 4.143 4.144 4.145 4.146 4.147 4.148 4.149 4.150 A hoped A operated A few A over A planning A what A memory A same A bring A so B invited B played B some B more B thinking B who B idea B likely B add B too C pleased C performed C each C close C considering C which C habit C similar C join C such D wished D produced D all D near D wanting D whose D choice D equal D use D enough Practice Read the text below and choose the correct word for each space For each question, circle the correct letter A, B, C or D Example: A became B changed C reached D earned James Cook James Cook sailed around the world in the late 18th century and (0) ………… famous as an explorer He first went to sea in 1746 Eleven years later, he (4.151) ………… the navy He was a very good sailor and (4.152) …………… was not long before he was given his own ship In 1768, the Royal Society (4.153) ………… a scientific voyage to Tahiti Cook was asked to command the ship, Endeavour, and to take a group of scientists (4.154)………… board The voyage lasted three years Cook made (4.155) …………… that his sailors ate fresh fruit In this way, he was able to (4.156) them from the terrible illnesses (4.157) ………… by a bad diet Cook was the first European to draw maps of New Zealand and to (4.158) …………… eastern Australia He also sailed to Antarctica and drew maps of the Pacific and its (4.159) ………… islands In 1779, he died (4.160) ………… a fight in Hawaii 4.151 A connected B met C joined D added 4.152 A there B it C that D he 4.153 A developed B fetched C organized D performed 4.154 A at B on C for D with 4.155 A true B real C exact D sure 4.156 A avoid B mind C save D help 4.157 A caused B supplied C appeared D appended 4.158 A realise B know C learn D discover 4.159 A most B more C much D many 4.160 A while B during C since D until Practice Questions 4.161-4.170: Read the text below and choose the correct word for each space For each question, mark the correct letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet Example: A which B where C who D what NEW HOME - NEW SCHOOL by Megan Williams, aged 13 Last year my Dad got a new job It was in a town (0) ………… was 100 kms from our home Mum and Dad (4.161) ………… we would have to move, because it was a long way for Dad to (4.162) ………… every day When they (4.163)………… me about their plan I was upset (4.164)………… I loved my home and school I was worried that I would (4.165) ………… all my friends and teachers a lot Anyway, six months (4.166) ………… that, my family moved to the town of Hexford The house was much bigger than our old one, and (4.167) ………… my bedroom window I (4.168) ……… see the sea 104 I wasn't looking forward to the first day at my new school I felt really (4.169) …………about meeting lots of new people But when I got there everyone was great! My class teacher was nice and I (4.170) ………… friends with two girls in my class Moving home isn't that bad, after all! 4.161 4.162 4.163 4.164 4.165 4.166 4.167 4.168 4.169 4.170 A chose A transport A said A because A forget A further A down A shall A nervous A knew B decided B carry B spoke B so B lose B after B along B could B disappointed B found C selected C tour C told C but C leave C next C from C must C angry C made D picked D travel D explained D and D miss D later D away D would D bored D met Questions 4.171-4.180 Read the text below and choose the correct word for each space For each question, circle the correct letter A, B, C or D Example: A keep B stay C hold D rest ZOOS People began to (0) animals in zoos (4.171) 3.000 years ago, when the rulers of China opened an enormous zoo called the Gardens of Intelligence In many of the early zoos, animals (4.172) taught to perform for the visitors This no longer (4.173) and it is accepted that the purpose of zoos is for people to see animals behaving naturally Today, most cities have a zoo or wildlife park However, not (4.174) approves of zoos People who think that zoos are a good idea say they (4.175) us with the opportunity to (4.176) about the natural world and be close to wild animal Both of (4.177) would not be possible (4.178) zoos On the other hand, some people disapprove of zoos because they (1.79) it is wrong to put animals in case, and argue that in zoos which are not (4.180) properly, animals live in dirty conditions and eat unsuitable food 4.171 4.172 4.173 4.174 4.175 4.176 4.177 4.178 4.179 4.180 A above A are A appears A somebody A produce A discover A that A without A hope A ordered B over B have B becomes B everybody B bring B learn B what B instead B expect B managed C more C were C develops C nobody C provide C find C whose C except C imagine C decided 105 D beyond D had D happens D anybody D make D realise D these D unless D believe D aimed ...ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC GIÁO DỤC NGUYỄN THỊ BẮC XÂY DỰNG BỘ CÂU HỎI CHUẨN HÓA TRẮC NGHIỆM KHÁCH QUAN KỸ NĂNG ĐỌC HIỂU CẤP ĐỘ THEO KHUNG NĂNG LỰC NGOẠI NGỮ VIỆT NAM TẠI HỌC VIỆN AN. .. – 2017 LỜI CAM ĐOAN Tôi xin cam đoan luận văn với tiêu đề? ?Xây dựng câu hỏi chuẩn hóa trắc nghiệm khách quan kỹ Đọc hiểu cấp độ theo Khung lực ngoại ngữ Việt Nam Học viện An ninh nhân dân" hoàn... thức theo Bloom Bảng 2.12 Bảng hỏi tham khảo ý kiến giảng viên câu hỏi trắc nghiệm đề thi Bảng 3. 13 Độ khó câu trắc nghiệm Part Bảng 3. 14: Độ khó câu trắc nghiệm Part Bảng 3. 15: Độ khó câu trắc nghiệm