DAI I IOC Q\J6C GIA H A NOI TRl/dNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN KHOABAOCHI **• VU THI BINH CHAU BAO CHI VOl VIEC PHAN ANH QUA TRINH HOI N H A P THirONG MAI QUOC TE CUA VIET NAM GIAI DOAN 1996-2000 Chuyen nganh: Ma so: Bao chi 5.04.30 LUAN VAN THAC SY KHOA HOC BAO CHI CM M-pC O'JOC i.itA H/- >iO'- TRUNGTAMTMOiir;TIN TH:rvi[H Vc-M/i/O _J NGUtJl HUONG DAN TS NGlIYfeN TUAN PHONG Ha Noi - 2002 BANG.QUY U6C CAC CHUVIET T A T SLTDUNG TRONG LUAN VAN AIA AICO AFTA Khu virc dau tu' ASEAN Chircmg trinh Hgp tac cong nghiep ASEAN APEC Di6n dan hop tac kinh te chau A- Thai Binh Duong ASEAN Hiep hoi cac quoc gia Dong Nam A ASEM Dien dan hop tac kinh te A-Au Chuong trinh Tliue quan uu dai c6 hieu luc chung Lien minh Chau Au To chiic Tieu chuan Quoc te He thong uu dai chung Hiep dinh chung ve Thue quan va Thuong mai CEPT EU ISO GSP GATT HNTMQT LAFTA LBNga MECOSUR MEN NAFTA NK NT SEV TMDT TBKTVN TBKTSG TCTM XNK XK XTTM UBQG-HTKTQT: VCCI VET VIR WTO Khu vLtc mau dich tu ASEAN Hoi nhap thuong mai quoc te Khu vuc mau dich tu My la tinh Lien bang Nga Thi truong chung Nam My Quy che Toi hue quoc Khu vuc mau djch tu BSc My Nhap khau Quy che Dai ngo quoc gia Hoi dong tuong tro kinh te Thuong mai dien tu Thai bao Kinh te Viet Nam Thoti bao Kinh te Sai Gon Tap chi Thuong mai Xuat nhap khau Xuat khau Xuc tien Thuong Mai Uy ban Quoc gia ve Hop tac kinh te quoc te Phong Thirong mai va Cong nghiep Viet Nam Bao "Vietnam Economic Times" Bao "Vietnam Investment Review" To chuc Thuong mai Tlie gidi MUC LUC Trang M6 D A U CHUONG M O T QUA TRINH H O I NHAP THUONG MAI QUOC TE CUA VIET NAM CHU TRUONG, DUONG LOI CUA DANG VA NHA NUOC VA VAI TRO, NHIEM VU CUA BAO CHI LL MOT SO KHAI NIEM, DAC DIEM CUA HOI NHAP KINH T E - T H U O N G MAI QUOC TE " 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 Khai niem Sir doi va qua trinh hoi nhap thuong mai quoc te Cac cap lihac ciia hoi nhap kinh te-thuong mai quoc te Mot so yeu cau ciia cac to chuc thuong mai quoc te 1.2 DUdNG LOI, CHU TRUONG CUA DANG VA CHINH PHU VE VAN DE H O I NHAP KINH TE-THUONG MAI QUOC TE CUA VIET NAM 11 10 1.2.1 Duong loi, chii truong ciia Dang va Nha nude 12 1.2.2 Quan diem, nguyen tac, phuong cham chi dao qua trinh hoi nhap 15 1.2.3 Mot so nhiem VU cu the thai gian toi 16 1.3 QUA TRINH H O I NHAP THUONG MAI QUOC TE CUA VIET NAM 16 1.3.1 Qua trinh hoi nhap thuong mai quoc te ciia Viet Nam 1.3.2 Nhirng co hoi va thach thuc 1.4 16 20 BAO CHI VOl NHIEM VU PHAN ANH QUA TRINH HOI NHAP THUONG MAI QUOC TE CUA VIET NAM 22 1.4.1 Anh huang ciia bao chi doi vdi boat dong tbuong mai 22 1.4.2 Nbiem vu ciia bao cbi doi voi qua trlnb hoi nhap thuong mai quoc te cua Viet Nam 24 CHUDNG HAI THlJC TRANG THONG TIN VE QUA TRINH HOI NHAP THUONG MAI QUOC TE CUA VIET NAM TREN B A O CHI TIT 1996-2000 29 2.1 XUAT NHAP KHAU CUA VI$T NAM GIAI DOAN 1996-2000 29 2.1.1 Tinh hinh XNK giai doan 1996-2000 2.1.2 Cache,chinhsach,chienIirocXNK 2.1.3 Mot so vS'n de khac 29 33 37 2.2 QUAN HE THUONG MAI VI$T NAM-CAC NUOC 43 2.2.1 2.2.2 2«2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 Quan he Viet Nam- lien bang Nga Quan he Viet Nam-Trung Quoc Quan he Viet Nam-Nhat Ban Viet Nam va Lien minh chSu Au (EU) Quan he Viet Nam-Hoa Ky 2.3 VIET NAM HOI NHAP V6l CAC TO CHUC KINTi TE KHU VUC VA THE GI6I (HOI NHAP THUONG MAI DA PHUDNG) 57 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 Hiep hoi cac quoc gia Dong Nam A (ASEAN) Di^n dan hop tac kinh te Chau A-Thai Bmh Duong (APEC) To chuc thuong mai the gidi (WTO) Diln dan hop tac kinh te A-Au (ASEM) 43 45 46 47 50 57 65 69 73 CHUQNG BA HINH THtrC CHUYEN TAI T H O N G TIN V^ QUA TRINH H O I NHAP THUONG MAI QUOC j t CUA VI$T NAM T R £ N BAO CHI GIAI DOAN 1996-2000 7g 3.1 TIN 78 3.2 BAI PHAN ANH 83 3.3 PHONG VAN 87 3.4 BAI PHAN TICH 92 3.5 CAC THE LOAI KHAC 3.6 THONG TIN, TULlfiU 97 3.7 CHUYEN MUC, CHUYEN TRANG, CHUYEN DE 99 96 KET LUAN 105 TAI L I E U T H A M K H A O 112 PHU LUC 115 MO DAU L Tinh cap thiet ciia de tai Trong nira the ky qua, hoi nhap kinh te quoc te da tra xu the phat trien chung, mang tinh khach quan cua hau het cac nirac tren the gidi Ngoai T chuc Thuong mai The giod (WTO) voi 144 quoc gia vien, the gidi hien co gan 40 to chiic kinh tethucmg mai khu XOJC Viec hoi nhap vao cac to chuc kinh te khu vuc va quoc te da dem lai cho cac nuac vien nhiSu co hoi phat trien nhu: ma rong thi trudng phat huy igi the so sanh cua timg nuac, thu hut dSu tu nude ngoai, nhanh chdng tiep can khoa hoc c6ng nghe hien dai, tang su'c canh tranh cua n6n kinh te Di phat trien kinh te va nang cao vi the tren trudng quoc te, cac nude, d bat ky trinh phat trien nao, khong the diJng ngoai xu the Xac dinh ro tarn quan ciia viec hoi nhap, tai Dai hoi Dai bieu loan quoc Ian thu VIII (1996), Dang ta nhan dinh: de "day manh cong nghiep hoa va hien dai hoa daf ffiirdc", can "ket hop nhirng ngu6n luc va tiem nang ben vdi nhung nguon luc ben ngoai xu the chung va qua trinh hoi nhap quoc te mang lai" Viet Nam da Ian luat iham gia chinh thuc vao cac 16 chuc quoc te nhu Hiep hoi cac nude Dong Nam A (ASEAN 7/1995), Diln dan hop lac kinh le A-Au (ASEM 3/1996), Dien dan hgp lac kinh te chau A-Thai Binh Duong (APEC - 11/1998), ky Hiep dinh Thuong mai vdi Hoa KyT,va da di qua vong dam phan de gia nhap WTO Hoi nhap kinh le quoc le se giiip Viet Nam cd dugc Igi the cua ngudi di sau, ket hgp vdi nhung tiem nang san cd nham di tat, don ddu, riit ngdn qua trinh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa va tranh nguy ca tut hau cang xa so vdi the gidi Tuy nhien, d Viet Nam, nhan thiic ve hoi nhap quoc te cua cac to chu:c, ca nhan va doanh nghiep — nhiing chii the chinh cua trinh hoi nhap—con nhieu han che din den tinh Irang thieu chu dong va kha'n truong viec xay dung va thuc hien cac ke hoach hoi nhap kinh te quoc te Pho thii ludng kiem Chii tich UBQG-HTKTQT, NguySn Manh Cam da khang dinh: "Mot nhirng kho khan ma chiing ta gap phdi qua trinh hoi nhap Id nhan thirc cua cac cap, cac ngdnh ve chii triic/ng hoi nhap ciia Dang vd Nhd nude chiia day dii, chua nhan thirc het nhirng thugn lai va kho khan ciia tien trinh hoi nhdp '\A) Chinh vi thuc te nay, nghj quyet 07-NQ/TW ve hoi nhap kinh le quoc te 27/11/2001 vijfa qua da coi viec tien hanh rong rai cong tac tir tirdng va en truyen hoi nhap la nhiem vu so qua trinh hoi nhap ciia Viet Nam giai doan hien Dong thdi Nghj quyet cung xac dinh: " cac ca quan thong tin dai chung plidi xdy dung va thuc hien ke hoqch tuyen truyen, giai thieu rang vdi iigi dung hoi nhap kinh te quoc te".{m Xuat phat tu vai tro thiet yeu cua hoat dong thong tin tuyen truydn, chiing toi nhan thay rang nghien cuu, long ket hoat dong thong tin bao chi ve tien trinh hoi nhap kinh te quO'c te ciia Viet Nam de ixi tim giai phap nang cao chat luong va hieu qua cho hoat dong la viec lam co y nghia ly luan va thuc X\hn sau s4c Trong cac llnh vuc cua hoat dong hoi nhap, thuong mai la linh vuc hoi nhap manh me nhat va quan nhat, vay, chiing toi da chon de tai "Bao chi voi viec phan anh qua trinh hoi nhap thuofng mai quoc te cua Viet Nam giai doan 1996-2000" lam dt tai nghien ciiu cho luan van tot nghiep cao hoc cua minh Ljch su van de Cho den chua co cong trinh doc lap nao nghien cuu, tim nhiing dac diem ciia bao chi viec phan anh ve qua trinh hoi nhap thuong mai quoc te cua Viet Nam giai doan 1996-2000 va dua nhirng giai phap nang cao chat luong ciia hoat dong Dong thcfi cho den cijng chua co cong trinh nghien cuu nao he thong hoa vai tro cua bao chi doi voi hoat dong thuong mai va dua nhung yeu cSu, nhiem vu cu the v^ noi dung va hinh thu:c doi v6i bao chi viec tuyen truydn hoi nhap thuong mai qu6'c x€ cua Viet Nam Doi tuong va pham vi nghien ciru Doi tugng nghien ciru ciia de tai la nhirng dac diem vi noi dung va hinh thuc thong tin vi qua trinh hoi nhap thuong mai quoc te ciia Viet Nam tren bao chi nu6c ta Phqm vi nghien ciru: Hoat dong thong tin vi qua trinh hoi nhap thuong mai quoc te ciia Viet Nam la viec lam ciia rat nhidu co quan bao chi thoi gian qua Tuy nhien dieu kien thoi gian khong cho phep, chiing toi chi nghien cuu cac tin, bai co noi dung phan anh qua trinh hoi nhap thuong mai ciia Viet Nam tren to bao kinh te tieng Vift la: "Thoi bao Kinh te Viet Nam" (bao each ngay); "Thoi bao kinh te Sai Gon" (tuan bao); "Tap chi Thuong mai" (3 so/thang) va to bao kinh te tieng Anh la "Vietnam Investment Review" (tuan bao) va "Vietnam Economic Times" (tap chi hang thang) Muc dich va nhiem vu nghien ciru Muc dich cua luan van la nghien ciixi nham hoc tap kinh nghiem cua cac ta bao "Th6i bao kinh te Viet Nam", "Thdi bao Kinh te Sai Gon", "Tap chi Thuong mai", "Vietnam Investment Review" va "Vietnam Economic Times" viec thong tin vi qua trinh hoi nhap thuong mai quoc te cua Viet Nam, dong thcri rut nhiJug uu, nhuoc diem cua tirng td bao, tir dua nhung di xuat, kien nghi doi v6i m6i to bao gop phan n^ng cao chat luong thong tin ve di tai Ngoai ra, tren co so cac ket qua nghien ciiru, tac gia luan van ciang manh dan dua mot so goi y v6i cac co quan lanh dao, quan ly bao chi nh4m day manh va phat huy hieu qua hoat dong tuyen truyen hoi nhap tren cac phuong tien truy6n thong dai chiing Can cur vao nhung muc dich tren, chiing toi de cho minh nhung nhiem vu cu tha sau: Mot Id: Tim hieu, phan tich, so sanh, tong hap va danh gia noi dung, hieu qua thong tin va qua trinh hoi nhap thuong mai quoc te cua Viet Nam tren khia canh chinh: Hoat dong xuat nhap kh^u; quan he thuong mai Viet Nam-cac nu6c va quan he thuong mai da phuong ciia Viet nam giai doan tir 1996-2000 Hai la: Nghien cuu, phan tich va so sanh hinh thii'c chuyen tai thong tin vi qua trinh hoi nhap thuong mai quoc te cua Viet Nam to bao tac gia luan van tien hanh khao sat Ba Id: Nhan xet ve uu, nhuoc diem cua ib bao viec thong tin vi qua trinh h6i nhap thuong mai quoc te cua Viet Nam; di xuat mot so giai phap nh^m nang cao chat luong hoat dong thong tin bao chi noi chung ITnh vuc va dua mot so goi y voi cac co quan quan ly bao chf nh^m dinh hu6ng va giam sat tot hon hoat dong thong tin tuyen truy6n hoi nhap ciia Viet Nam Phirong phap nghien cuu +Luan van duoc thuc hien tren co so phuong phap luan ciia Chii nghia Mac-Lenin, tu tuong Ho Chi Minh va quan die;m dudng loi, quan diem cua Dang va Nha nude ta +Suu tam, tap hop, phan tich cac tu lieu, van kien, nghj quyet ciia Dang va Nha nude CO lien quan den van de hoi nhap kinh te-thuong mai quoc te +Suu tam, tap hap, phan tich tu lieu lien quan tai tien trinh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te cua Viet Nam tren cac bao "Thdi bao Kinh te Viet Nam", "Thdi bao Kinh te Sai Gon", "Tap chi Thuong mai", "Vietnam Investment Review" va "Vietnam Economic Times" -I- Suu tam, trao doi y kien v6i mot so doanh nhan, nha bao, mot so chuyen gia kinh te vi tien trinh hoi nhap thuong mai quoc te cua Viet Nam va nhung anh hudng cua bao chi d6 thay ro hon uu, nhugc diem ciia bao chi linh vuc Ket cau luan van Ngoai phan Ma dSu va Ket luan, luan van co ba chuong: Chuong Mot: Qua trinh hoi nhap thuong mai quoc te ciia Viet Nam-chii truong, ducmg loi ciia Dang va Nha nuoc; vai tro, nhiem vu cua bao chi Chuong Hai: Thuc trang thong tin vi qua irinh hoi nhap thuong mai quoc te ciia Viet Nam tren bao chi giai doan 1996-2000 Chuong Ba: Hinh thuc chuyen tai thong tin vi qua trinh hoi nhap thuong mai quoc t6 ciia Viet Nam tren bao chi giai doan 1996-2000 CHUONG MOT QUA TRINH HOI NHAP THUONG MAI QUOC TE CUA VIET NAMCHU TRUONG, DUCJNG LOI CUA DANG VA NHA NUOC; VAI TRO, NHIEM VU CUA BAO CHI Tien hanh rong rai cong tac tuyen truyen, giai thi'ch, co dong cho qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te duoc Dang va Chinh phii nhan dinh la mot nhiJng nhiem vu cap bach can thuc hien de day manh hoat dong hoi nhap kinh te cua Viet Nam giai doan hien Ciang v6i cac truong dang, trudng hanh chinh, cac trudng dai hoc va trung hoc, cac phuong tien truyen thong dai chiing se la nhung mQi nhon ganh nhiem vu tu tudng quan va nang ne Tuy nhien, cho den nay, d Viet Nam van chua co cong trinh nao nghien cuu s^u s^c va toan dien vi vai tro ciia bao chi vdi van de tuyen truyen hdi nhap kinh te-thuong mai quoc te Bdi vay, chuong Mot ciia luan van chiing toi se tong hap, phan tich, khai quat nhiJng anh hudng va yeu cau, nhiem vu ciia hoat dong thong tin bao chi mang de tai hoi nhap thuong mai quoc te, dong thdi gidi thieu sir ddi va qua trinh phat trien cua xu the hoi nhap thuong mai quoc te tren the gidi va d Viet Nam; he thong hoa cac chii truong, dudng loi ciia Dang va Nha nude nh^m neu bat tinh tat yeu khach quan, tam quan ciia hoat d6ng hoi nhap thuong mai quoc te va nhiing dinh hudng cho hoat dong d Viet Nam, 1.1 MOT SO KHAI NIEM, DAC DIEM CUA HOI NHAP KINH TE-THUONG MAI QUOC TE 1.1.1, Khai niem 1.1.1.1 Hoi nhap kinh te quoc te Til giua nhiJng nam 50 cua the ky XX, thuat ngiJ "hoi nhap kinh te quoc te^' da trd bo phan ciia tijr vung kinh te the gidi Trong nhirng nam gan day, thuat ngir cung da trd nen bien tren cac phuong tien truyen thong dai chiing ciia Viet Nam Tuy nhien, viec dua khai niem mang tinh hoc thuat vi van de d Viet Nam chua nhieu Sau day, tac gia luan van xin gidi thieu mot so khai niem, dinh nghia da suu tam duoc: TS Le Dang Doanh, nguyen Vien trudng Vien nghien cuu quan ly kinh te Trung uang nhan dinh: "Hoi nhap kinh te quoc tela sU tham gia cua mot nude vao qua trinh phan cong lao dong quoc te', Id mot yeu cau khdch quan ciia qua trinh phat trien kinh te dua tren suphdt trien cua luc luqng scin xuat, trinh ciia khoa hoc, cong nghe " (7) TS Nguyen Thudng Lang, khoa Kinh te quoc te Dai hpc Kinh te quoc dan quan nifm: Hoi nhdp kinh te quoc teld qua trinh hinh mot nen kinh te co tinh chat khu vuc, the Men a su gia tang ve so luqng vd cudng cua cac quan he kinh tequdc tevd hinh thdnh mot cacdu kinh temdi co tinh chat khu vuc (22) Tai heu cua Bo Thuong mai, nude Cong hoa xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam cho r^ng trudc kia, khai niem hoi nhap kinh te quoc te chi duoc hieu dan thuan la nhiing hoat dong giam thue, md cira thi trudng Hoi nhap kinh te'qudc te ngdy duac hieu Id viec mot quoc gia thuc hien chinh sdch kinh te md, tham gia cac dinh che kinh tetdi chinh quoc te, thuc hien tudo hod vd thuan lai hod thuang mai, dau tu (19) Tijf dien bach khoa true tuyen Encyclopaedia Britannica cua Hoa Ky dinh nghia: Hoi nhap kinh te(hay cdn goi Id lien ket kinh te) Id sifxod ho nhiaig trd nggi thuang mai giua cdc quoc gia (13) Xuat ban gan day, cudn "Tim hieu mot so khai niem van kien Dai hoi IX ciia Dang", NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, dinh nghia: "Hoi nhdp kinh te'qudc teld qud trinh md rang giao hm kinh tevd khoa hgc cong nghe giUa cdc nude tren quy mo todn cau; Id qua trinh tham gia gidi quyet cdc van de kinh te xd hoi co tinh chat todn cau nhu van de dan so, tdi nguyen thien nhien, moi trudng song, v.v Id qud trinh loqi bo dan cdc hang rdo thuang mai quoc te, todn ciudc tevd viec di chuyen cdc nhan tdsdn xuat giixa cdc nude "(31) Ro rang, ft nhi6u cdn d nhiing muc khac song cac dinh nghia noi tren da the hien ba dac diem co ban cua khai niem "hoi nhap kinh te quoc te^', la: Thu: nhat: Hoi nhap kinh te quoc te la mot yeu dwx khach quan ciia qua trinh phat trien kinh te the gidi Thir hai: Hoi nhap kinh te quoc te la su gap ciia nhieu quoc gia, dat dugfc thoa thuan chung va ciing hanh dong vi muc tieu tang trudng va phat trien kinh te Thu ba: Hoi nhap kinh te quoc te bao gom nhi^u linh vuc nhu thuong mai, tai chinh, dau tu, dich vu Tren thuc te, Viet Nam da tham gia hau het cac linh vuc noi tren Tuy nhien,thuc tiln hoi nhap kinh te quoc te cua Viet Nam va su phan anh thuc ti^n tren bao chi rat da dang va phu:c tap, vi vay, khuon kho luan van tac gia chi xin gidi han viec nghien ciiu hoat dong hoi nhap kinh te quoc te cua Viet Nam d Iinh vuc thuang mai Mong mudn cua tac gia la cd duac cai nhin s^u s^c, sat thuc vi hoat dong thong tin ve Chuyen trang: Ca td bao chiing toi khao sat dIu sir dung nhilu chuyen trang Hidng tin vl HNTMQT cd thi tim thay d cac chuyen trang nhu sau: TBKTSG: "Thdi su tudn", "Sir kien&van dl", "Xuat nhap khdu", "Hd so" TBKTVN:"Tlidi su kinh te^\ "Van di thdi md cua", "Ban dgc va dao tao", "Kinh doanh", "Cong nghe thong tin" TCTM: "Nghien ciiu-trao doi", "Thi trudng va quan ly", "Quan he Viet Nam-nudc ngoai" VET: "At a glance"("Mgt cai nhin"), "Reform and Aetion"("Cai each va hanh ddng"), "Legal Update"("Van ban mdi") "Statistics"("Sd lieu thdng ke") VIR: "News"("Tin tiic"), "Insight"("Cai nhin sau"), "Information Technology" ("Cong nghe thong tin") Viec su dung chuyen trang cua cac bao chi cd su on dinh tuang ddi Thudng chi cd cac trang tin va trang sd lieu cd vi trf cd dinh va xuat hien dIu dan d tat ca cac sd bao, Cac chuyen trang khac thudng cd vi trf di dgng, dai ngdn khac d cac sd bao, mot sd chuyen trang cd thi khong xua't hien thudng xuyen d cac sd bao Tuy nhien cac td bao dIu cd xu hudng tang tinh on djnh cua cac chuyen trang vl dung lugng, vi trf va dac biet la on dinh vl tan sd xuat hien Day la mot xu hudng tfeh cue the hien su gia tang tfnh chuyen nghiep cua cac bao Chuyen de Chuyen dl xudt hien cang nhilu tren ca td TBKTSG, TBKTVN,TCTM, VET va VIR Cac chuyen dl rat da dang vl dl tai va chu dl, sd lugng cac chuyen dl vl HNTMQT ciing cd ehilu hudng gia tang d cac bao Trong giai doan 1996-2000 cac td bao ndi tren cd mot sd chuyen dl tieu bilu nhu: TBKTSG: "Viet Nam-ASEAN" (sd 10/12/1998); "He thdng tieu chuan ISO" (2/9/1999); Chuyen dl "Viet Nam-Hoa Ky" (24/8/2000) TBKTVN: "Viet Nam gia nhap APEC" (14/11/1998); "Viet Nam-Hoa Ky" (TBKTVN, 17/7/2000) TCTM: "Hgi nghi thugng dinh ASEAN 6" (sd 24/1999); "Quan he Viet NamAPEC" (sd 21/1998) VET: "Chuyen dl ASEAN " (sd 12/1998); "Hiep dinh Thuang mai Viet-My"(s6' 9/2001) VIR: "Hgi nghi thugng dinh ASEAN 6" (14-27/12/1998); 100 Cac bao thudng xay dung chuyen dl td bao mudn tap trung thong dn vl mdt van de "ndng", mot su kien quan trgng hay chi dan thudn gidi thieu vl mot dl tai nao dd ma td bao muon phan anh nhu chuyen dl vl dia phuong, nganh hang Loai chuyen dl thu dang xuat hien cang nhilu va bi lam dung nh^m muc dich ggi quang cao Cac chuyen dl vl HNTMQT ciia cac bao thudng cd dai tir 3-4 trang trd len, chuyen di dai nha't la chuyen dl "Quan he Viet Nam-APEC", so 21/1998 ciia TCTM vdi dung lugng la 30 trang Mot so bao thudng ggi chuyen dl cd dung lugng trang Idn la phu truang Phu truong thudng cd tfnh dgc lap tuong ddi vdi sd bao, thi hien bdng each danh sd trang rieng biet khong Idn vdi cac trang bao thudng ky hoac cd trudng hgp, phu truang dugc xuat ban quyIn rieng nhu "Phu truang Viet-My" sd 12/2001 ciia VET Nhu da ndi d tren, viec sir dung chuyen muc, chuyen trang va chuyen dl dang cang gia tang d cac bao Trong ba hinh thiic thi hien ndi tren, chuyen dl la hinh thiic xuat hien muon nhat va mdi chi dugc sir dung rong rai tren bao chf Viet Nam nhung nam gan day Chuyen dl ed tan sd xuat hien ft nhat cac hinh thiic thi hien nhung lai cd noi dung phong phu va ket cau phiic tap Vi vay, dua tren viec nghien ciiu vl dl tai HNTMQT va hoat dgng thuc tiln, chung toi xin dua mo hinh thuc hien chuyen dl vl dl tai HNTMQT nhu sau: Sd chuyen dl vl quan he song phuang hay da phuang -Bai phu khung: bao gdm: -I- Bang ghi mdc lich sir quan he (ngdn ggn, day du) -I- Mot sd bang nhd vl the manh kinh te, tilm nang hgp tac cua mdi nude -Bai tong quan (cd the la bai phan tfeh hoac phdng van) vl quan he kinh te-thuang mai -Bai vl nhii'ng van di thai su ndi len quan he -Mot sd doanh nghiep, dia phuang dien hinh hoac chuyen gia ndi vl kinh nghiem lam an, thiic day mdi quan he giiia hai ben Ghi chii: Ddi vdi dl tai quan he song phuong, can khuyen khfch dua cai nhin tir ca hai phfa de dem den cho ban dgc cai nhin khach quan nhat vl quan he hai ben Sd chuyen dl vl mot su kien quan trong quan he song phuang hay da phuang -Cac noi dung nhu tren nhung them phan noi dung hgi nghi bao gdm: + Dung bai phu khung diem qua nhiing noi dung ciia hgi nghi, cac vien tham gia hgi nghi Can danh bai viet hoac phdng van cd dung lugng phii hgp ddi vdi nhiing noi dung kinh te quan trgng 101 + Cai nhin cua Viet Nam va cac nude tham gia ndi (quan chiic, doanh nghiep, ngudi dan) ve tam quan trgng eua hgi nghi va cac van dl dat va ket qua hgi nghi." So' chuyen dl vl hoat dong XNK ciia Viet N.m h.v cua mot n^anh h^n.-FCac bang bilu, bai phu khung vl kim ngach XNK + Tdng quan tinh hinh XNK + Van dl thdi su vl co che, chfnh sach, boat dgng XNK -h Hoat dgng XNK cua mot sd nganh hang, dia phuang + Mot sd doanh nghiep va quan chirc ndi vl co che, hoat dgng XNK Tren day la nhirng ggi y chung cho mot sd chuyen dl, viec sir dung d miic nao thugc vao tirng bao nhien can tuan thu mot sd nguyen tdc: -Dung lugng eua chuyen dl khdng qua ngdn cung khong qua dai (ft bai qua khong chuyen dl, ngugc lai, qua dai se gay nham chan cho dgc gia khong quan tam tdi van di dd) -So lieu cac bai phai thdng nhat (chuyen di thudng cd nhilu ngudi viet dd cd su chenh lech vl sd lieu) Cung can tranh su khac biet qua Idn y tudng, nhan dinh ciia cac dai dien thugc cung mot ben (ben Viet Nam hoac nude ngoai) vi nhu vay se gay khd hieu cho dgc gia -Noi dung cua chuyen dl khong dugc triing Idp, mdi bai bao la mot gdc nhin, gdc nhin cang cu the cac hap ddn ngudi dgc -Sir dung nhieu hinh thiic, the loai qua trinh thong tin (phdng van, bai phan anh, bai phan tich, thong tin tu lieu) -Chuyen de can dap ling toan dien nhu can thong tin cua ban dgc: thong tin thdi su, thong tin tu lieu, thong tin tdng hgp, phan tfeh sau mgi gdc canhvan di Neu thieu tfnh thdi su thi chuyen dl chi nhu mot cudn sach nhd hoac tap tai lieu cii Neu thieu tfnh tu heu hoac tfnh tdng hgp, phan tfeh se mat tfnh "chuyen" ciia chuyen dl Tdm lai chuyen de can hap dan tir dau den cudi, phong phii ve ca noi dung iSn hinh thurc the hien Trong boat ddng thong tin vl dl tai HNTMQT, cac td TBKTVN, TBKTSG, TCTM, VET, VIR da huy dgng rat nhilu the loai dd tin, bai phan anh, phdng va'n, bai phan tfeh la the loai dugc su dung thudng xuyen nhat va cd hieu qua nhat Mac du td bao ndi tren cd dinh ky xuat ban kha dai (tir each nhu TBKTVN den each thang nhu VET) nhien, nhin chung, d mang dl tai HNTMQT, 102 tm van la the loai cd tdn sd xuat hien nhilu nhat Cac bao diing nhilu dang tin dd thong dung nhat la tin ngdn va tin vdn Hau het cac tin dugc su dung theo phong each hien dai vdi cau triie hinh thap ngugc, tft true tiep, ngon ngir cd dong nhien viec su dung nn a de tai eon bgc 16 mot sd ban chi nhu: tfnh thai su chua cao, tft tin dai lam dung tir Viet tat Trong sd cac td bao dugc khao sat, TBKTSG la td bao cd the manh vl tin ban ca vdi sd lugng tin phong phu, chat lugng thong tin cao Bai phan anh (BPA) la thi loai xuat hien kha thudng xuyen, cd tac dung phan anh kip thdi va tuong ddi khai quat nhiing su kien, van di qua trinh HNKTQT cua Viet Nam, phat huy vai trd cd vu nhirng thdng lgi, nhiing diln hinh tien tiln, phe phan nhiing bilu hien tieu cue va phd bien cac kinh nghiem hgi nhap Trong nhung nam gdn day, cac bao cd xu hudng sir dung nhilu BPA phan tfeh ban dang BPA thdng tin va BPA neu van dl BPA xuat hien vdi ca ba kieu ket cau logic hinh thiic, thdi gian va nhan qua my nhien kilu ket cau logic hinh thiic phd bien nhat Trong sd td bao, VIR la td bao sir dung nhilu BPA nhat cdn VET la td sir dung ft nhat Bai phdng van la thi loai dugc sir dung kha hieu qua boat dgng thong tin vl dl tai HNTMQT Vdi dac thii ngudi tra Idi phdng van la ngudi cd trach nhiem va rat am hieu vl van dl dugc hdi, dd, thong tin cua bai phdng van thudng cd tin cay va tfnh thuyet phuc cao, phat huy hieu qua edng tac tuyen truyin hgi nhap Phuang phap sang tao va hinh thiic the hien bai phdng van cua cac td bao da phat trien theo hudng cang hien dai nhien mot sd trudng hgp, bai phdng van ciia vdn cdn bgc Ig mot sd nhugc dilm nhu: dat cau hdi mang tfnh hinh thiic, thieu cu the, riit tft dai ddng, sii dung anh tien TBKTVN, VIR la hai td bao sir dung bai phdng van thudng xuyen va cd phong each nhat Bai phan tich (BPT) ciing la thi loai dugc sir dung rong rai d tat ca cac td bao, dac biet bdi canh xuat hien nhiing su kien, van di quan trgng qua trinh hgi nhap, nhan dip cudi nam, nhan dip ky niem quan he song phuang, da phuong BPT thudng di sau ly giai mot each toan dien, triet dl sir kien, van di ddng thdi dua giai phap nhdm day nhanh qua trinh hgi nhap VET la td sir dung BPT thudng xuyen nhat vdi ty le bai phan tfeh chiem trung binh tir 70% -80% sd bai viet Ket hgp vdi cac the loai bao chf, td bao dugc chiing toi khao sat cdn sir dung rat nhilu dang thong tin tu lieu nhu van ban phap luat, bang bieu, bai tu lieu Cac dang thdng tin tu lieu cd thi dugc sir dung dgc lap hoac de minh hoa cho cac tac pham bao chf Viec sir dung thong tin tu lieu da lam tang them chfnh xac, tfnh thuyet phuc, tfnh tham my cho cac bai bao, trang bao, sd bao De nang cao hieu qua boat dgng thong tin, tuyen truyin HNTMQT, chiing toi cho rdng bao chf kinh te Viet Nam ndi chung can tap trung vao mot sd the loai ndng cdt 103 nhu tin, bai phdng van, bai phan anh, bai phan tich, chuyen luan ddng thdi da dang hoa viec sis dung cac the loai va thong tin tu lieu Mdi thi loai, dang tu lieu dIu cd the manh rieng cua minh, eac thi loai cd xu hudng bd trg cho nhau, do su da dang hoa sir dung se phat huy the manh ciia nhilu the loai ddng thdi tao tfnh sinh dgng hinh thiic thi hien ciia cac td bao Tuy nhien, ciing luu y rdng, cung vdi xu hudng da dang boa the loai, dang thong tin tu heu, mdi td bao can lua chgn the loai phu hgp vdi djnh ky xuat ban va ton chi, muc dich cua minh dl cd thi khai tac tdi da uu the ciia the loai ddng thdi tao phong each rieng cho bao minh Tang cudng xay dung cac chuyen muc, chuyen trang, chuyen de ciing la mot giai phap dl nang cao hieu qua tuyen truyin ndi chung va hieu qua boat dgng thong tin HNTMQT ndi rieng bdi vi chuyen muc, chuyen trang, chuyen dl cd kha nang tao dilu kien cung cap thong tin mot each tap trung cho dgc gia, ddng thdi hap ddn dgc gia bdi phong each sang tao da dang va dgc dao ciia tirng td bao Thdi gian qua, vl di tai HNTMQT, td bao chiing toi khao sat da xay dung dugc kha nhilu chuyen trang, tang dan sir dung chuyen dl nhien chua td bao nao xay dung chuyen muc Noi dung thdng tin va hinh thiic the hien cac chuyen trang, chuyen dl da kha phong phii nhien neu cac bao quan tam chu y ban niia, dac biet viec tang cudng tinh on dinh cua cac chuyen trang, giam tinh thuang mai hoa d cac chuyen de, chdc chdn hieu qua thong tin se cao ban 104 KET LUAN NHAN XET CHUNG Trong khoang nhirng nam 700 trudc cong nguyen, bdng nhii'ng hinh thiic trao ddi, mua ban hang boa vdi cac nude lang gilng, Viet Nam dugc xem la da bdt dau qua trinh tham gia vao boat dgng thuang mai qude te Tir boat dgng hgi nhap so khai nay, trai qua gan ngan nam, den Viet Nam da tham gia hgi nhap thuang mai qude te manh me d cap do: boat dgng xuat nhap khdu, hgi nhap thuong mai song phuang va hgi nhap thuang mai da phuang Su kien Viet Nam trd thanh vien chfnh thiic ciia Hiep bdi cac qude gia Ddng Nam A vao thang 7/1995 vdi nhirng cam ket thuc hien chuang trinh xay dung khu vuc thuang mai tu AFTA dugc xem nhu mdc son khdi ddu qua trinh hgi nhap kinh te qude te ciia Viet Nam vdi y nghia day dii nhat Trong giai doan 1996-2000, bdng nhiing nd luc tang cudng hgi nhap, Viet Nam da thu dugc rat nhieu thdng lgi hoat dgng hgi nhap thuang mai quoc te nhu: vugt qua nhirng anh hudng cua cugc khiing hoang tai chfnh tiln te khu vuc; dat miic tang trudng xuat khdu binh quan tren 20%; thu hep khoang each xua't nhap khau; tao lap quan he kinh te thuong mai tdt dep vdi cac nude Idn, trung tam kinh te ciia the gidi nhu Nhat Ban, EU, Trung Qude, Nga, Hoa Ky, ddng thdi tham gia vdi tu each vien chi'nh thiic ciia nhilu td chiic, diln dan kinh te quoc te nhu Diln dan hgp tac kinh te A-Au ASEM (3/1996), Diln dan hgp tac kinh te Chau A-Thai Binh Duong APEC (11/1998) va kit thiic vdng dam phan gia nhap WTO Hoat ddng hgi nhap thuang mai quoc te ciia Viet Nam thdi gian qua kha cong, nhien mdi chi la nhiing thdng lgi budc dau mot qua trinh hgi nhap lau dai va la nhiing thdng lgi nhd be so vdi tilm nang Viet Nam dang dung trudc rat nhieu thach thiic cua qua trinh hgi nhap nhu kha nang canh tranh cua san pham cdn tha'p; chfnh sach kinh te-thuang mai ciia Chfnh phii cdn cham doi mdi; nang luc can bg cdn non ye'u; ll Idi lam an, quan ly lac hau Trong sd nay, kha nang canh tranh cua san pham dugc xem la can trd Idn nhat va khd khac phuc nhat qua trinh hdi nhap Trong bdi canh thdi ban hoan AFTA, APEC dang den gan, nang cao nang luc hgi nhap da trd ddi hdi biic bach vdi cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam Bao chi Viet Nam giai doan 1996-2000 cd uu dilm la phan anh kha toan dien va cap nhat hoat dong hgi nhap thuang mai quoc te ciia Viet Nam Bao chf da bam sat nhung chu truong, chfnh sach ciia Dang va Chfnh phii, tien trinh hgi nhap va nhiing boat dgng hudng vl hgi nhap ciia Chfnh phu va cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam Ddng thdi, bao chi tfeh cue tuyen truyin vl nhiing ca hgi va nhiing thach thiic, phe phan thai tri tre, 105 bao thu qua trinh hgi nhap, chii y hon tdi y kien phan hdi tir doanh nghiep, cd mot sd ddng gdp nhat dinh viec cung cap thong tin thi trudng, phd bien kinh nghiem san xuat, kinh doanh nhdm hd trg boat dgng hgi nhap ciia doanh nghiep Nhin chung, bao chi da td kha tam huyet, lo lang cho sir phat trien cua dat nude va cua cac doanh nghiep, nd lire tang cudng tinh thdi su, tinh khach quan, tinh chien dau, tinh da chieu cua thong tin Hinh thiic thdng tin da dang vdi viec sir dung nhilu thi tai, thdng tin tu lieu, tang cudng xay dung cac chuyen trang, chuyen dl phan anh boat dgng hgi nhap ciia Viet Nam Tuy nhien qua trinh thdng tin vl hoat dgng hgi nhap thuang mai quoc te'cua Viet Nam giai doan 1996-2000, bao chf ciing bgc Ig khdng ft thieu sdt, khuyet dilm Pham vi phan anh vl dl tai hgi nhap thuang mai quoc te ciia bao chf rong, toan dien nhien miic khai thac, phan tfeh chua sau, chua thudng xuyen, thdng tin cdn triing lap, tfnh chfnh xac va thdng nhat ciia thdng tin chua cao Bao chf chua thuc hien triet dl vai trd ngudi ban ddng hanh, ngudi hudng dan doanh nghiep qua trinh hgi nhap vi chua cd nhilu thong tin thiei thuc, cu thi phuc vu qua trinh hgi nhap cua doanh nghiep Bao chf cdn ft thong tin vl nhiing diln hinh tien tien Vl phfa cac nha bao, khong ft ngudi cdn the hien sir thieu hut vl kien thiic, non kem vl nghiep vu, chua chu dgng, sang tao tim tdi va thi hien cac van di hgi nhap, vdn tdn tai nhiing bieu hien thuc dung, thuang mai hoa Tren day la nhiing nhan xet khai quat vl hoat dgng thong tin ciia bao chf tren ca sd khao sat viec phan anh qua trinh hgi nhap thuang mai qude te giai doan 19962000 cua Viet Nam tren td bao TBKTVN, TBKTSG,TCTM, VIR, VET Sau day, chiing toi xin dua nhirng y kien nhan dinh cua minh vl uu, nhugc diem cua tirng td bao ndi tren: Thdi bao kinh te Viet Nam: Uu diem: Vl noi dung, td bao da dl cap toan dien ca ba cap HNTMQT ciia Viet Nam, phan anh kip thdi hau het cac boat dgng HNTMQT Idn ciia dat nude Nhiing loai thong tin td bao cd the manh la: Thong tin vl cac van dl thdi su kinh te, thong tin thi trudng va dac biet la thdng tin phd bien kien thiic kinh doanh VI hinh thiic the hien, TBKTVN la td bao cd phong each dn dinh, cd the manh viec sir dung bai phdng va'n, tin, chuyen luan TBKTVN cdn la td bao sir dung cd hieu qua thong tin tu lieu, dac biet sir dung rat sang tao cac bang bilu Nhuac diem: Td bao chua di sau vao cac van dl ciia cap hgi nhap thuang mai song phuang va da phuang hai cap hgi nhap nay, td bao chu yeu mdi chi dirng lai d viec mo ta, phan anh kip thdi, ft cd phan tfeh chuyen sau La td bao gidi thieu nhilu dien 106 hinh doanh nghiep nhien TBKTVN, d mot sd trudng hgp cdn td thieu khach quan, bai vie't cdn mang tfnh quang cao VI hinh thiic thi hien, td bao nen tranh dirng qua nhilu tir viet tdt, cdn ft sir dung cac thi loai binh luan, ghi nhanh Thdi bao Kinh te Sai Gdn tfu diem: TBKTSG da phan anh qua trinh HNTMQT cua Viet Nam tren ca bl rong Idn ehilu sau Td bao khong chi bam sat va phan anh tat ca cac su kien, van dl quan trgng qua trinh HNTMQT cua dat nude ma cdn cd su phan tfeh sau sdc vl cac su kien, hien tugng dd Khong chi dl cap tdi nhiing van dl hgi nhap vl mo, td bao cdn quan tam dap ling nhu cau thong tin cu the cua cac doanh nghiep nhu thong tin gia ca thi trudng, thong tin XNK, kinh nghiem tham nhap thi trudng nude ngoai Thong tin ciia TBKTSG cd nhu'ng uu dilm Idn la tfnh da ehilu, tfnh khach quan va chfnh xac cao Cd thi danh gia, TBKTSG cd chat lugng thong tin vl HNTMQT cao nha't sd td bao chiing toi tien hanh khao sat O khfa canh hinh thiic, TBKTSG cung la td bao sir dung dugc nhilu the loai bao chf nhat, td bao dac biet cd uu the d thi loai tin va bai phan tfeh, phdng van, ghi nhanh Ngon ngii, each thiic diln dat cua td bao ro rang, de bilu, khong rdng, hoa my ma ngdn ggn, hien dai De cd dugc cong tren, mot nhirng nguyen nhan ca ban nhat la td bao tap hgp dugc dgi ngii phdng vien va dac biet la cong tac vien cd trinh va lanh nghi Cong tac vien ciia td bao la nhiing chuyen gia kinh te gidi d nude va nude ngoai nhu: T.S V6 Tdng Xuan, T.S Vu Quang Viet, T.S Le Dang Doanh, Dai sii Nguyin Le Bach Day la nhirng chuyen gia co kien thiic uyen tham ddng thdi giau kinh nghiem thuc te', dd thudng xuyen dem den cho dgc gia cai nhin sau sdc va sinh dgng vl cac van dl ciia qua trinh hgi nhap Nhugc diem: Td bao da tuyen truyin chu truang chfnh sach cua nha nude bdng each di vao phan tfeh, giai quyet nhirng vdn dl cu thi Day la hudng di diing ddn nhien ciing nen luu y ban tdi viec gidi thieu cac thdng tin phap ly, dudng Idi chii truang cua Dang va Chfnh phu de cd the thuc su trd cam nang ciia doanh nghiep Td bao cung can cai thien ban hinh thiic cho tuong xiing vdi noi dung Tap chi thuang mai iJn diem: Tap chf da bao quat ca ba cap hgi nhap, cd nhilu bai vie't mang tfnh nghien cihi, ly luan vl cac van dl ciia qua trinh HNTMQT, chu y tdi viec gidi thieu thi trudng nude ngoai va phd bien kien thiic kinh doanh cho doanh nghiep Tap chf cd nhilu bai chuyen luan va bai tu lieu mang tfnh khoa hgc 107 Nhugc diem: Hinh thiic the hien don dieu, khd ciing la nhugc dilm Idn nhat ciia TCTM dong thdi la nguyen nhan quan trgng lam giam hieu qua viec phan anh, tuyen truyin hgi nhap Ngon ngir, phong each diln dat ciia tap chf ft tfnh nghe thuat, cac bai bao thudng cd tit va ndi dung rat dai va rudm ra, cau true bai tuang tu nhu cac ban bao cao vdi rat nhilu sd thii tu va gach ddu ddng Tap chf sir dung rat ft the loai, chii yeu la bai phan anh, bai tu lieu, chuyen luan TCTM in va trinh bay chua dep, sir dung qua ft anh Cd thi danh gia, TCTM la td bao chua cd tfnh chuyen nghiep De md rong ddi tugng va sd lugng ban dgc, TCTM can thuc hien mot cugc each mang phong each lam bao Tap chf can giam bdt tfnh han lam, tang tinh thuc tiln, da dang boa hinh thiic thong tin va dau tu nhieu han cho in an, trinh bay Vietnam Investment Review (VIR) Uu diem: Td bao da dl cap thudng xuyen, toan dien vl qua trinh HNTMQT cua Viet Nam, dac biet da quan tam thfch dang tdi cac van dl hgi nhap thuong mai song phuang va da phuang Td bao thudng bam sat cac su kien ndng, phan anh kip thdi, khach quan VIR cd nhilu bai phan anh va phdng van tdt Cac bai bao ciia VIR thudng cd tft siic tfeh, hap ddn, chii thfch anh hay, sau sdc rat bat mdt ngudi d g c Ngon ngir ciia VIR dan gian, de hieu Nhugc diem: Thdng tin da dang nhien cdn thieu ehilu sau, cac bai viet chii yeu chi dirng d mufc phan anh, ft phan tfeh va nhin nhan su kien van dl d nhilu gdc Bai bao thudng ngheo vl ngudn tin, mot bai bao thudng dua rat nhilu Idi trfch ddn nhung chi cd 1-2 ngudn tin Trong nhilu trudng hgp, tfnh chfnh xac cua thong tin chua cao, dac biet la thong tin sd lieu La td tuan bao nhung VIR cdn ft bai binh luan, chuyen luan De td bao mang tfnh "review" (danh gia, phan tfeh) theo nhu ten ggi ciia minh, VIR can tang cudng nang cao kien thiic cho dgi ngu phdng vien ddng thdi day manh viec edng tac vdi cac chuyen gia kinh te Viet Nam va nude ngoai Vietnam Economic Times uu diem: Td bao sir dung nhilu bai phan tfeh vdi cai nhin sau va toan dien vl cac van dl hgi nhap Td bao cd phong each thi hien hien dai, sir dung nhilu bang bieu, tieng anh chuan, hinh thiic dep, hap ddn Nhugc diem: La bao thang, tfnh thdi su va kha nang bao quat tinh hinh hgi nhap chua cao Bao can xay dung chuyen muc on dinh vl hgi nhap thuang mai quoc te dl ban dgc cd the theo ddi lien tue hang thang vl van dl 108 MOT SO DE XUAT DAY MANH HOAT D O N G TUYEN TRUYEN HQl NHAP Thang 2/1998, Thu tudng Chfnh phu da quyei dinh lap Uy ban Quoc gia vl Hgp tac Kinh te Quoc te(UBQG-HNKTQT) va coi day la dau mdi chi dao qua trinh gia nhap va hoat dgng ciia Viet Nam cac td chiic kinh te-thuang mai khu vuc va qude te Tuy nhien, ddi vdi boat dgng tuyen truyin hgi nhap kinh te qude te, Viet Nam vdn chua cd mot co quan chuyen trach vi vay, thdi gian qua, boat dgng dugc thuc hien le te bdi nhilu co quan, td chiic nhu UBQG-HNKTQT, Bg Thuong mai, Bg Ngoai giao, Phdng Thuang mai va cong nghiep Viet Nam (VCCI), cac co quan bao chf Cd kenh thdng tin chfnh dugc su dung hoat dgng tuyen truyin hgi nhap, dd la: Idp dao tao, hgi thao (do UBQG-HTKTQT va cac bg, nganh td chiic); mang du' lieu (do Bg Ke hoach va Dau tu, Bg Ngoai giao xay dung); CD-ROM dii lieu (ciia VCCI); sach (eua UBQG-HTKTQT va cac bg, nganh, ca nhan) va cac loai hinh bao chf (truyin hinh, phat thanh, bao chf true tuyen, bao in) Mac dii huy dgng nhilu kenh thdng tin, nhien hieu qua cua viec tuyen truyin nhin chung chua cao, dac biet chua cd nhilu tac dung thiet thuc ddi vdi eae doanh nghiep qua trinh hgi nhap Thong tin cua cac mang dii lieu cua Bg Ngoai giao, Bg Ke hoach va Dau tu, ciia cac bao dien tir rat phong phii va cap nhat Tuy nhien, chua phat huy dugc hieu qua vi hau het cac doanh nghiep chua cd kha nang thfch ling vl tai chfnh va ky nang truy cap Nhilu Idp dao tao, hgi thao da dugc td chiic, nhung so ddi tugng dugc tham du cdn bi ban che O mot so kenh thong tin nhu CD-ROM, sach, cac Idp hgc, hinh thiic tuyen truyin cdn chua sinh dgng, hap ddn Ddi vdi cac ca quan bao chf nhu truyin hinh, phat thanh, bao in, vl tuyen truyin chua dugc quan tam diing miic, trijr Dai Phat va Truyin hinh Ha Noi, cac co quan bao chf khac dIu chua xay dung chuyen muc rieng vl hgi nhap kinh te quoc te Tir thuc trang tren, chung toi xin dua mdt sd kien nghi nhu sau: Ddi vdi Chinh phu: Cdn xay dung chuang trinh hanh dgng hgi nhap cho ta't ca cac bo, ban, nganh dd cd chuang trinh tuyen truyin hgi nhap kinh te qude te Chuang trinh phai chi ro nhiem vu cua cac co quan sau day: + Cac CO quan chi dao, giam sat cong tac tuyen truyin: Ban can sir Dang, Chfnh phu Ban Tu tudng-Van hoa Trung uong, Ban Khoa giao Trung uong -I- Cac ca quan chuyen trach thuc hien viec tuyen truyin: co quan bao chf, cac co sd giao due dao tao nhu trudng trung hgc, dai hgc +Cac CO quan phdi hgp tuyen truyin: Bg Thuang mai, Bg Ngoai giao, Bg Tai chfnh, Tong cue hai quan 109 Ddi vdi cac ca quan lanh dao va quan ly bao chi: Cd chien luge truyin thong qude gia dua nhiing dinh hudng vl ndi dung, nhiem vu ddi vdi boat dgng tuyen truyin hgi nhap kinh te qude te cho tat ea cac co quan bao chf Ddng thdi, cac ca quan lanh dao va quan ly bao chf can lua chgn mot sd co quan bao chi chiu trach nhiem chfnh dd cd phdi hgp nhilu loai hinh bao chf khac nhu: phat thanh, truyin hinh, bao chf true tuyen (dien tir), bao in dl phat huy the manh ciia tirng loai hinh Cac co quan lanh dao va quan ly bao chf cung can nghien ciiu, quy hoach lai he thdng cac co quan bao chf cho phii hgp vdi yeu cau cua giai doan mdi, phat huy cao nhai chat lugng va hieu qua thdng tin tren tirng linh vuc Ddi vdi cac ca quan bao chi: Cdn cd ke hoach chu dgng tuyen truyin HNTMQT dd chii y tdi viec xay dung cac chuyen muc, chuyen trang on dinh vl hgi nhap, xay dung chuyen dl, phu truang vl cac van dl hgi nhap Noi dung ciia viec tuyen truyin phai da dang va thiet thuc, phai trd cdm nang ciia doanh nghiep qua trinh hgi nhap bao gdm nhiing thong tin vl: chu truang, chfnh sach ciia Dang va Chfnh phu; co hgithach thiic qua trinh hgi nhap; boat dgng hgi nhap cua Chfnh phii va doanh nghiep; cac van dl sinh qua trinh hgi nhap va cac giai phap; diln hinh hgi nhap (nen dang y kien doanh nghiep, ban dgc ft tin vao cac bai diln hinh) thdng tin thi trudng nude va qude te, thong tin vl ddi tac, ddi thu canh tranh Hinh thiic thong tin thudng xuyen, cu the, sinh dgng, dl hieu Cac ca quan bao chf ciing can phdi hgp boat dgng vdi cac co quan ban nganh chiic nang dl xay dung ngudn thong tin dn dinh cho cac chuyen muc, chuyen trang ddng thdi tao dilu kien cho phdng vien tham gia vao cac su kien hgi nhap; cac Idp dao tao vl hgi nhap de nang cao kha nang phan anh, y thiic va kien thufc vl hgi nhap Ddi vdi cac nha bao: Can tfeh cue trau ddi kien thiic vl kinh te, hieu biei vl cac td chiic kinh te qude te ma Viet Nam tham gia, nang cao trinh ngoai ngii, tang cudng ky nang tuyen truyin; chu dgng sang tao viec phat hien va thi hien dl tai, nang cao y thiic va trach nhiem nghi nghiep cua minh Trong giai doan hien kha nang tai chfnh ciia doanh nghiep cdn ban che', chiing tdi cho rdng, nhiing ngudi lam bao in cdn dac biet nd luc phat huy vai trd ciia minh viec tuyen truyen vi bao in cd lgi the gia re, noi dung sau sdc dac biet dl tiep can dgc gia vi dgc gia da cd thdi quen sir dung bao in tir nhilu nam D l c6ng tac tuyen truyin thuc su dat chat lugng va hieu qua, ben canh viec xay dung chuang trinh tuyen truyin kip thdi, sat thuc, Chfnh phii phai cd nhiing dau tu, uu dai nhat dinh vdi cac co quan tuyen truyin, dac biet la cac ca quan bao chf Tren thuc te, mot nhiing nguyen nhan ddn tdi tinh trang chat lugng thong tin khong cao, cd nhilu bieu hien thuang mai hoa la nhilu ca quan bao chf cdn gap khd khan vl tai 110 chfnh Khi cong tac phat hanh kem hieu qua, cac bao khong cd each nao khac la tim den ngudn hd trg tir quang cao va viet bai lang-xe cac doanh nghiep; dd thong tin thieu tfnh khach quan, gay mdt nilm tin dgc gia Neu khong cd su hd trg nhat dinh ciia Chfnh phu, cac bao se rat khd giai quyet bai loan can bdng ye'u td tai chfnh va cha't lugng Tie'n hanh rong rai cong tac tu tudng, tuyen truyin vl hgi nhap kinh te'-thuong mai qud'c te' la nhu cdu burc xiic ddi vdi nude ta giai doan hien Tuy nhien, viec nghien ciiu thuc tiln va tim cac giai phap nang cao hieu qua boat dgng tuyen truyin hgi nhap, dac biet la boat dgng cua cac ca quan truyin thong dai chiing cdn la mot van dl het siic mdi me Chiing toi, vdi ban che vl nang lire va thdi gian nghien ciiu chdc chdn cdn bgc 16 rat nhilu thieu sdt va khiem khuyet qua trinh thuc hien dl tai Nhiing y kien ddng gdp, xay dung va su lugng thii ludn la dilu ma chiing toi dgi dl di tiep de'n tan cung van dl mdi me va ly thii 11 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO D6 Bang, Kinh te thuang nghiep Viet Nam dudi trieu Nguyen, NXB Thuan Hoa, 1996 Bdo chi: Nhiing vdn de ly luan vd thuc tiin (Tap IV), NXB Dai hgc Quoc gia Ha Noi, 2001 Cach viet mot bdi bdo, Tai lieu tham khao nghiep vu cua Thong tan xa Viet Nam, 1987 (ban dich) Nguyin Manh Cam, Bdi phdt bieu tai le khai truang Mang dir lieu Qude gia, 15/8/2001 To Xuan Dan, Giao trinh Kinh tehgc qude te- Chuang trinh ca sa, NXB Thdng Ke, 1998 Dien ddn Doanh nghiep, tuan bao cua Phdng thuang mai va cong nghiep Viet Nam, thang 6/1999 va thang 6/2000 Le Dang Doanh, Hgi nhdp quoc te — Co hgi vd thach thirc doi vai nen kinh tenude ta Tap chf Nghien cihi ly luan, sd (5/1999) Truong Minh Due, Chinh sdeh ngoai thuang d Ddng — the'ky WI-XVIII, Tap chi Nghien curu kinh te sd 274 (3/2001) Diic Dung, Viet bdo nhu the nao?, NXB Van boa-Thong tin, 2000 10 Ddu tu, bao each ciia Bg Ke hoach va Dau tu, thang 6/2001 11 Ha Minh Diic, Bdo chi Hd Chi Minh: Chuyen ludn vd tieu ludn, NXB Chfnh tri Quoc gia, 2000 12 Ha Minh Diic (Chu bien), tap the tac gia, Bdo chi: Nhii'ng vdn de ly ludn vd thUe tiin, NXB Giao due, 1996 13 Encylopaedia Britannica, T\x dien bach khoa true tuyen cua Hoa Ky, 1999 14 Nguyin Tien Hai, Thdng tin Kinh tetren bdo Lao Dgng (Luan an Thac sy Khoa hgc xa hgi & Nhan van), Hgc vien Chfnh tri Quoc gia Hd Chf Minh, 1999 15 Phan The Hai, Cugc khiing hodng dd duac bdo trudc, NXB Thanh Nien, 1999 16 Tran Thanh Hai, Hdi dap ve hap tdc kinh te ASEAN, NXB The Gidi, 2000 112 17 Loic Hervouet, Viet cho dgc gid (Le Hdng Quang dich), Hgi Nha bao Viet Nam, 1999 18 Duong Phii Hiep, Vu Van Ha, Todn cdu hod kinh te, NXB Khoa hgc Xa hgi, 2001 19 Hgi nhdp kinh tequdc te, Tai lieu hgi nghi thuong mai, Bg Tliuong mai, 5/2000 20 Dang Thi Thu Huong, Ddc diem cua bdo chi ddi ngoai Viet Nam thdi ky 1995-2000 (luan van Thac sy khoa hgc bao chf), DH KHXH & NV, DHQG Ha Noi, 2001 21 Duong Xuan Son, Dinh Hudng va Tran Quang, Ca sd ly ludn bdo chi truyen thong, NXB van hda-Thong tin, 1995 22 Nguyin Thudng Lang, Gido trinh Kinh tehgc Qude te, Dai hgc Kinh te Quoc dan, 1998 23 Lich sir Viet Nam, Tai lieu lich su true tuyen tren trang Web bao Nhan Dan (12) 24 C Mdc vd Ph Ang-ghen Todn tap, NXB Chfnh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi, 1995 (5) 25 Nguyin Dinh Luong, Nghe bdo ndi, NXB Van hoa-Thong tin, 1993 26 Ndng cao chat luang, hieu qud cong tdc bdo chi, xuat bdn Ban Tu tudng-Van hoa Trung uong, NXB Tu tudng-Van hoa, 1992 27 Nghe nghiep vd cong viec ciia nhd bdo, Hgi Nha bao Viet Nam, 1992 (16) 28 A^^/2/ quyet 01-NQ/TW, Bg Chfnh tri, 18/11/1996 29 Nghi quyei 04-NQ/TW, Bg Chfnh tri, 29/12/1997 (9) 30 Nghi quyet 07-NQ/TW, Bg Chfnh tri, 27/11/2001 (11) 31 Vii Hiiu Ngoan (Chu bien), Ngo Van Du, Pham Hiiu Tie'n, Pham Anh Tua'n, Tim hieu mot so khdi niem vdn kien Dgi hgi IXcua Ddng, NXB Chfnh tri Quoc gia, 2001 32 Nguyin Quoc Nhat, Nguyin Van Ngirng, Hgi nhdp kinh te'vdi vdn de giir gin an ninh qude gia a Viet Nam, NXB Chfnh tri Quoc gia, 2001 33 Nguyin The Phiet, Tdc phdm bdo ehi (Tap III), NXB Giao due, 1995 34 Phan Quang, Ve dien mao bdo chi Viet Nam: Tieu ludn vd chdn dung, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, 2001 35 Tran Quang, Ldm bdo: Ly thuyet vd thuc hdnh, NXB Dai hgc Quoc gia Ha Noi, 2001 36 Tran Quang, Cdc the loai bdo chi, NXB Chfnh tri Quoc gia, 2000 (15) 37 Tran Quang, Cdc the loai ehinh tuan bdo chi, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, 2000 113 38 David Randal, The Universal]ournalist, Pluto Press London, 2000 (18) 39 Dudng Vinh Sudmg (Chu nhiem dl tai), Vai trd ciia thong tin kinh te viec khdc phuc nhirng khuyet tdt ciia cache thi trudng: Thuc tien vd kinh nghiem a Viet Nam (dl tai khoa hgc cap bg), Hgc vien Chfnh tri Qude gia Hd Chf Minh, 2000 40 Tap chi NgUdi lam bdo, tur 1/2000-6/2001 41 Tap chi Thuang mgi, Bao sd/thang ciia Bg Thuong mai, tir 1996-2000 42 Tap chi Cong sdn Tap chf hang thang cua Dang Cong san Viet Nam, 2000 43 Ta Nggc Tan (Chu bien), Tdc phdm bdo chi (tap I), NXB Giao due, 1995 (14) 44 Hiiu Tho, Cong viec ciia ngudi viet bdo, NXB Giao due, 1998 45 Thdi bdo Kinh te'Viet Nam, Bao each cua Hgi Kinh te Viet Nam, tir 1996-2000 46 Thdi bdo Kinh te'Sdi Gdn, Tuan bao thong tin kinh te cua UBND Tp Hd Chf Minh, tir 1996-2000 47 Todn cdu hod vd Hgi nhdp kinh te'ciia Viet nam, Sach tham khao ciia Bg Ngoai Giao, NXB Chfnh tri Quoc gia, 1999 48 Vdn kien Dgi hgi dgi bieu todn qude lan thir VI, NXB Sir that, 1987 (6) 49 Vdn kien Dgi hgi dgi bieu todn qude lan thir VII, NXB Su that, 1991 (7) 50 Vdn kien Dgi hgi dgi bieu todn qude lan thir VHI, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, 1996 (8) 51 Vdn kien Dgi hgi dgi bieu todn qude lan thir IX, NXB Chfnh tri Quoc gia, 1991 (10) 52 Vietnam Economic Times, Bao thang tieng Anh cua Hgi Nghien ciiu Kinh te Viet Nam, tu 1996-2000 53 Vietnam Investment Review, Tuan bao tieng Anh ciia Bg Ke' hoach va Dau tu, tir 19962000 114 ... 16/11 /2000, cho biet kim ngach buon ban hai ehilu Viet Nam- EU da tang hon 10 lan giai doan 1991 -2000 (nam 1991 dat 414,5 trieu; nam 2000 da dat 5,1 ty USD) Dang chii y tir nam 1996- 2000, Viet Nam. .. Viet Nam; riit dac diem va nhung kinh nghiem tir thuc tien cua hoat dong thong tin bao chf vl dl tai 2.1 XUAT NHAP KHAU CUA VIET NAM GIAI DOAN 1996- 2000 2.1.1 Tmh hinh XNK giai doan 1996- 2000. .. cua Viet Nam 24 CHUDNG HAI THlJC TRANG THONG TIN VE QUA TRINH HOI NHAP THUONG MAI QUOC TE CUA VIET NAM TREN B A O CHI TIT 1996- 2000 29 2.1 XUAT NHAP KHAU CUA VI$T NAM GIAI DOAN 1996- 2000 29 2.1.1