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Trang 1Zingiber locbacense (Zingiberaceae), a New Species from Lam Dong Province, Southern Vietnam
Authors: Nguyễn, Danh Đức, and Lin, Che-Wei
Source: Annales Botanici Fennici, 61(1) : 123-130
Published By: Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board
URL: https://doi.org/10.5735/085.061.0118
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Trang 2Helsinki 6 May 2024 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board
Zingiber locbacense (Zingiberaceae), a new species
from Lam Dong Province, southern Vietnam
Danh Đức Nguyễn1,* & Che-Wei Lin2
1) Institute of Applied Technology, Thu Dau Mot University, no 06, Tran Van On Street, Phu Hoa
Ward, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam (*corresponding author’s e-mail: nguyendanhduc@tdmu.edu.vn)
2) Herbarium of Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, No 53,
Nan-Hai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan Received 23 Jan 2024, final version received 19 Apr 2024, accepted 19 Apr 2024
Nguyễn D.D & Lin C.W 2024: Zingiber locbacense (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Lam Dong Province, southern Vietnam — Ann Bot Fennici 61: 123–130.
Zingiber locbacense D.D Nguyễn & C.W Lin sp nova (Zingiberaceae) is described
and illustrated from southern Lam Dong Province, south Vietnam It is
morpho-logically similar to Z collinsii in several characters, from which it differs by having
inflorescences with pink bracts and a rounded apex, shorter bracteoles, smaller corolla lobes, and the flowering period that occurs from March to early May All known
occur-rences of Z locbacense are in non-protected areas, and there is a hydroelectric power
station being developed in a neighbouring area Hence we assess the conservational
status of Z locbacense as Endangered (EN).
Zingiber is one of the largest genera of
Zingiber-aceae, with 210 accepted species
(https://powo.sci-ence.kew.org/results?f=species_f%2Caccepted_
names&q=Zingiber) It is native to tropical and
subtropical Asia Species of Zingiber are
charac-terized specifically by a pulvinus-like structure in
the petiole and an elongated, beak-shaped anther
appendix This distinct-shaped anther appendix
is also typical of the genus Cornukaempferia,
endemic to Thailand, which however differs
from Zingiber by having a reduced leafy shoot,
composed of a few broad leaves only
(Leong-Škornicková & Newman 2015)
There are approximately 40 Zingiber species
in Vietnam, of which many are narrow endemics
(Lý et al 2021) Recent field trips and specimen
examinations resulted in the discovery of 13 new
species from Vietnam (Leong-Skornicková et al
2015, Lý 2016, Lê et al 2019, Lý et al 2021)
and two from Laos (Leong-Škorničková et al
2014, Newman 2015) Vietnam is identified as the diversity hotspot for the genus
Lam Dong Province is located in southern Vietnam within the southern Annamite Range Its northern part is a high-altitude mountain area comprising Lam Vien Plateau (average eleva-tion 1500 m a.s.l.) and Di Linh Plateau (average elevation 1000 m a.s.l.) Several new species of Zingiberaceae were recently described from the
area (Lý et al 2010, Lamxay & Newman 2012, Šída et al 2019, Tagane et al 2020) During our
field studies in southern Lam Dong Province focused on extremely steep hills and valleys at 200–700 m a.s.l., located on the border of the southern Di Linh Plateau and north of Cat Tien National Park, we found peculiar specimens of
Zingiber sect Zingiber in Bao Lam District
A careful study of flowering plants collected
Trang 3124 Nguyễn & Lin: Zingiber locbacense, a new species from southern Vietnam • ANN BOT FENNICI Vol 61
from the field (between 2021 and 2023) and in
cultivation, together with a detailed
compari-son with herbarium specimens and the literature
cited above, confirmed that our collections
repre-sented an undescribed species
The herbarium acronyms are according to
Index Herbariorum (https://sweetgum.nybg.org/
science/ih/)
Zingiber locbacense D.D Nguyễn & C.W
Lin, sp nova (Figs 1 and 2)
T ype : Vietnam Lam Dong Province, Bao Lam District,
Loc Bac Commune, ca 300 m a.s.l., 11°47´11.5´´N,
107°33´13.3´´E, 1 May 2021 Nguyễn Danh Đức NDD 442,
both fruiting and flowering samples (holotype VNMN)
— p araTypes : Vietnam Lam Dong Province, Bao Loc
City, Dambri Commune, Dambri waterfall, 700 m a.s.l.,
11°38´30.3´´N 107°44´32.4´´E, 1 May 2021 Nguyễn Danh
Đức 281, fruiting samples (VNMN); Lam Dong Province,
Da Teh Dis., Trieu Hai Com., Trieu Hai waterfall, 300 m
a.s.l., 27 March 2023 Nguyễn Danh Đức 23012, flowering
samples (LE).
e Tymology: The specific epithet refers to the Loc Bac
area, where the type material was discovered.
Rhizomatous herb up to 1.7 m tall,
form-ing small clumps, with up to 6 leaf shoots per
clump Rhizome branched, 1–3.3 cm in diam.,
0.8–2.3 cm between leafy shoots arising from
same rhizome, externally pale yellow (young
rhizomes) to brown (older rhizomes), internally
pale brown tinged purple, aromatic, covered
with light brown triangular scales, 2.5–3.2 cm
long, glabrous, quickly decaying Leafy shoots
arching, composed of 17–20 leaves with
leaf-blades aggregated on upper 3/4 of pseudostem,
basal 1/4 enclosed in bladeless sheaths, base
swollen to 2 cm in diameter; bladeless sheaths
6–8, 2.8–20.8 cm long, dark green or faint dark
purple-green tinge, lower ones red-brown or
red, externally sparsely pubescent, internally
glabrous; leaf sheaths green to dark
purplish-green, glabrescent at base, sparsely pubescent
towards petiole; ligules entire or emaginate, 0.8–
1.8 cm long, translucent white, soon decayed,
white pubescent, apex rounded Petiole short
5–7 mm, consisting of light green pulvinus
only, white pubescent, pale green, tinged red
in young leafy shoot becoming pale green with
age; margin translucent, soon decayed; lamina
elliptic-oblong, 18–25 × 6–7 cm, slightly pli-cate; adaxially green, glossy and glabrous; abax-ially light green and white pubescent
through-out, base obtuse, apex attenuate Inflorescence
arising directly from rhizome near base 1-year leafy shoots, 27–35 cm long, with 1 or 2 flow-ers opening at a time in morning; peduncle radical, erect, 14–18 × ca 0.7 cm, covered by 5–7 sheathing bracts, broadly triangular, 4–5 × 1.4 cm (smaller towards base), pale pink, out-side sparsely pubescent; spike 14–17 × 3–4 cm, fusiform to ovoid, consisting of 32–50 fertile bracts; bracts enclosing single flower, oblong
to obovate-oblong, 2.5–3 × 1.6–2.1 cm (smaller towards apex), outside pale pink, turning white
at apex and base, glabrous, inside paler, gla-brous, margins translucent, apex obtuse or rounded; bracteole tubular, 2–2.2 cm long, semi-translucent, white, abaxially sparsely pubescent throughout, apex acute, sometimes short bifid Flower exerted from bract to 5 cm long; calyx tubular, ca 1.4 cm long, translucent white,
gla-brous, with unilateral incision ca 4 mm, apex entire; corolla tube ca 3.7 cm long, widening
gradually towards apex, white at base, creamy yellow towards apical part, abaxially glabrous, adaxially sparsely puberulent at apex; corolla lobes, dorsal triangular-ovate, 15–16 × 5–6 mm, light creamy yellow with semi-translucent veins, glabrous, apex slightly mucronate, with a short mucro less than 1 mm long; lateral corolla lobes narrowly ovate, 14–15 × ca 4 mm, light creamy yellow with semi-translucent veins, glabrous, apex acute; labellum obovate, 15 × 11 mm, slightly concave above throat, flattening towards apex, creamy yellow, mottled with purple dots at apex-half, apex rounded and slightly emarginate
at tip; lateral staminodes 11 × 2.5 mm, oblong, white cream, 1/3 length at base connected to
labellum, apex rounded Stamen ca 12 mm long;
filament 1–1.5 mm long by ca 1.3 mm broad, creamy yellow, glabrous; anther 10–10.5 × ca
3 mm (crest not straightened), connective tissue creamy yellow, glandular hairs; anther thecae 10–10.5 mm long, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; anther crest hook-shaped 4–6 mm long (straightened), wrapped around stigma, creamy white, tinged various degree of purple apically,
glabrous Style to 85 mm long (straightened),
white with reddish tinge towards apex; stigma
Trang 4Fig 1 Zingiber locbacense (from the holotype) — A: Habit — B: Ligule — C: Inflorescence — D: Flower, frontal
view — E: Labellum with basally connate lateral staminodes — F: Dorsal corolla lobe — G: Lateral corolla lobes
— H: Calyx — I: Bracteole — J: Bract — K1–3: Anther, side, back and frontal views — L: Ovary with two
epigy-nous glands.
Trang 5126 Nguyễn & Lin: Zingiber locbacense, a new species from southern Vietnam • ANN BOT FENNICI Vol 61
Fig 2 Zingiber locbacense — A: Habit and habitat (type locality, 1 May 2021) — B: Habit with inflorescence
in-situ — C: Ligule — D and E: Leaf, upper and lower surface views — F: Inflorescence at peak flowering season with opening flowers in front and side view — G and H: Flower, front and top views — I: Bract — J: Bracteole
— K: Calyx — L: Dorsal corolla lobe — M: Lateral corolla lobes — N: Labellum with basally connate lateral sta-minodes — O: Ovary, flower tube and anther, side views — P: Anther, side, back and frontal views, the ovary with two epigynous glands — Q: Immature fruit.
Trang 62–3 × ca 0.4 mm, white, ostiole front facing
downwards, with a ring of straight ciliates
Epig-ynous glands 2, subulate, ca 5 × 0.5 mm diam.,
cream yellow Ovary 3–5 mm long, cylindrical,
white, sparsely pubescent, trilocular with central
placentation Immature fruit trilocular, obloid
or ovoid, 16–18 × 8–11 mm, white, glabrous
Flowering in March to early May, fruiting in
May to July
DisTribuTion anD habiTaT Zingiber
locba-cense is known only from the Loc Bac area in
southern Lam Dong Province, southern Vietnam
It grows on deeply shaded slopes or granite cliff
faces, on soil pockets in evergreen broadleaf
or mixed (broadleaf and bamboo) forests near
streams at 200–900 m a.s.l
ConservaTion assessmenT We found two
small groups of Z locbacense comprising only
10 adult plants in total, on steep banks of two
springs flowing into the Dong Nai River We also
found many plants without flowers throughout
the southern Lam Dong Province at 200 to 900 m
a.s.l., with vegetative characteristics resembling
those of Z locbacense Thus, we estimate that
in total there could be about 100 individuals in
Lam Dong Province, all in non-protected area
The species may be threatened by the paucity of
fertile individuals, and because of habitat change
caused by the nearby hydroelectric power
sta-tion Deforestation is destroying the wet, humid
habitat of this species The extent of occurrence
(EOO) is estimated to be 4000 km2 and the area
of occupancy (AOO) about 100 km2 Therefore,
following the IUCN criteria
(https://www.iucn-redlist.org/resources/categories-and-criteria) we
assessed its conservation status as Endangered
(EN: B1 ab(iii))
Based on the inflorescence composed of a
spike on an upright peduncle, we place Z
locba-cense in the sect Zingiber It is the largest
sec-tion of this genus, and its species are distributed
in various habitats throughout southern China
and south to southeastern Asia The phylogenetic
analysis by Theerakulpisut et al 2012) divided
the section into two distinct geographical groups:
one in the monsoonal Asian continent, and the
second in the evergreen Malesian area
The vegetative characters of Z locbacense
resemble those of Z collinsii (Appendix 1A and
B), Z montanum (Appendix 1C and D) and Z
eberhardtii (Appendix 2), but there are several
differences among the species (Appendix 3)
s peCimens examineD — Zingiber eberhardtii: Vietnam
Unspecified location, J Mood 94P19 (AAU); cultivated
at Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh under acc number
19901477, M Newman & J Škorničková 2035 (E00294301,
E00294302, E00319374), original collection from Lam Dong
Province, M Newman L10 (E199014773), M Newman 2022 (E00328354, E00348117), Nguyễn Danh Đức 266, 497 (LE)
— Z collinsii: Vietnam Dak Lak Province, M Collins VN80
(holotype, AAU); Dak Nông Province, Trần Hữu Đăng
Tran-159 (E00428062, E00428063); Binh Phuoc Province, M.S Nuraliev 884 (MW0749985); Binh Thuan Province, Nguyễn
Danh Đức 229 (LE) Laos Attapeu Province, Souladeth
et al L3151 (FOF, KAG, TNS), Tanaka L3151-R (FOF,
TNS) — Z montanum: Thailand Phuket Province, L Bai,
B Harwood & B.R Maslin BLK075 (neotype BKF barcode
SN214984; isoneotypes C, KUN1345416); Ranong
Prov-ince, R Geesink & T Santisuk 4964 (lectotype of Z
peninsu-lare, L0444287 image; isolectotypes BKF56751, L0444286
image China Guangxi Province, D.H Qin & R.Z Huang
36982 (holotype of Z nudicarpum, GXMI051071) Laos
Attapeu Province, M Newman 2442 (cultivated at RBGE, originally from Lamxay et al VL1967, E); Houaphan Prov-ince, J Leong-Škorničková et al JLS-2386 (E, QBG, SING,
living collection at Pha Tad Ke Botanical Garden);
Kham-moune Province, L.V Averyanov et al AL878 (LE01049231)
Vietnam Nghệ An Province, Đỗ Ngọc Đài 263 (FAFF); Pù
Hoạt NR, Đỗ Ngọc Đài 540 (FAFF), Nguyễn Danh Hùng 471 (FAFF); Quảng Bình Province, Đỗ Ngọc Đài 271 (FAFF); Quảng Nam Province, Đỗ Ngọc Đài 196 (FAFF); Quảng Ngãi Province, Lý Ngọc Sâm 635, 637 (VNM); Thừa Thiên Huế Province, Đỗ Ngọc Đài 4040, 4520, 4527 (FAFF); Lam Dong Province, Nguyễn Danh Đức 297 (LE).
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Chi-Hung Lee for improving the language The first author sincerely thanks Timothy Chap-man, the owner of Gingerwood Nursery Newsletter, and his father, Dr Russell L Chapman from Louisiana State Univer-sity’s College of the Coast and Environment (US), for their support in improving the language of the last manuscript revision We also thank Dr Avelinah Binti Julius, who served
as a reviewer, for his valuable comments and constructive feedback The authors are grateful to Dr Quang Cường Trương, a researcher from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, for
sharing photos of Z eberhardtii.
References
Gagnepain M.F 1907: Zingiberacées, Marantacéeset Musa-cées nouvelles de l ́herbier du muséum I
Zingibera-cées — Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 54:
403–413.
Trang 7128 Nguyễn & Lin: Zingiber locbacense, a new species from southern Vietnam • ANN BOT FENNICI Vol 61
Lamxay V & Newman M 2012: A revision of Amomum
(Zingiberaceae) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam —
Edinburgh Journal of Botany 69: 99–206.
Lê T.H., Trinh T.H, Đỗ N.Đ., Nguyễn V.H & Lý N.S 2019:
Zingiber vuquangense (Sect Cryptanthium:
Zingiber-aceae): a new species from North central coast region,
Vietnam — Phytotaxa 388: 295–300.
Leong-Škorničková J & Newman M.F 2015: Gingers of
Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam — Royal Botanic Garden,
Edinburgh.
Leong-Skornicková J., Nguyễn Q.B., Trần H.Đ., Šída O.,
Rybková R & Trương B.V 2015: Nine new Zingiber
species (Zingiberaceae) from Vietnam — Phytotaxa
219: 201–220
Leong-Škorničková J., Šída O., Bouamanivong S.,
Souvan-nakhoummane K & Phathavong K 2014: Three new
ginger species (Zingiberaceae) from Laos — Blumea
59: 106–112
Lý N.S 2016: Zingiber skornickovae, a new species of
Zingiberaceae from central Vietnam — Phytotaxa 265:
139–144.
Lý N.S., Do D.G., Cao N.G., Truong B.V., Nguyen V.T &
Leong-Skornicková J 2021: Zingiber magang and Z
tamii (Zingiberaceae), two new species from central
Appendix 1 — A and B: Zingiber collinsii (Binh Thuan Province, Vietnam), from Nguyễn Danh Đức 229 (LE) — C
and D: Z montanum (Lam Dong Province, Vietnam), from Nguyễn Danh Đức 297 (LE).
Vietnam — Taiwania 66: 232–240
Lý N.S., Hul S & Leong-Škorničková J 2010:
Siliquamo-mum oreodoxa (Zingiberaceae): a new species from
Southern Vietnam — Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 61:
359–367.
Newman M 2015: A new species of Zingiber (Zingiber-aceae) from Lao PDR — Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore
67(1): 123–127.
Šída O., Kuznetsov A., Kuznetsova S., Rybka V., Rybková R., Lưu H.T., Nuraliev M & Leong-Škorničková J
2019: Meistera caudata and Meistera sudae
(Zingiber-aceae: Alpinieae), two new ginger species from
Bidoup-Núi Bà National Park, southern Vietnam — Phytotaxa
419: 221–231.
Tagane S., Nguyen V.N., Hoang T.B., Nagahama A., Zhang M., Truong Q.C., Le V.S., Dang V.S., Toyama H., Komada N., Nagamasu H & Yahara T 2020: Fif-teen new species of angiosperms from Bidoup-Nui BaNational Park, southern highlands of Vietnam —
Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 71: 201–229.
Theerakulpisut P., Triboun P., Mahakham W., Maensiri D., Khampila J & Chantharanothai P 2012: Phylogeny of
the genus Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) based on nuclear ITS sequence data — Kew Bulletin 67: 1–7.
Trang 8Appendix 2 Zingiber eberhardtii (from the type locality, Langbiang Plateau; cf Gagnepain 1907) — A: Ligule —
B–E: Inflorescences with opening flowers (D and E photo by Quang Cường Trương) — F: Flowering plant.
Trang 9130 Nguyễn & Lin: Zingiber locbacense, a new species from southern Vietnam • ANN BOT FENNICI Vol 61
Appendix 3 Morphological comparison of Zingiber locbacense, Z collinsii, Z eberhardtii and Z montanum (data
on the three latter species based on our own observations, see Specimens examined).
Z locbacense Z collinsii Z eberhardtii Z montanum
Plant size (m) < 1.7 < 1.3 < 2 < 2.8
Ligule
size (mm) 8–18 8–18 3–8 2–4
hairiness densely pubescent densely pubescent sparsely hairy sparsely hairy Petiole hairiness densely pubescent densely pubescent sparsely hairy glabrous, sparsely
hairy only near lamina base Bract colour pink orangish-red green, variously orangish-red
purple or reddish-brown tinged Apex shape round acute to obtuse rounded obtuse to acute
(sometimes
rounded at base
of spike) Bracteole length (mm) 20–22 35–40 ca 26 32–35
Calyx length (mm) 14 15–16 12–16 35–38
Floral tube length (cm) 3.7 3.8 ca 2.6 4.5–5.7
Dorsal corolla
lobe size (mm) 15–16 × 5–6 23–25 × 10–12 27 × 10 35–41× 12–14 Lateral corolla
lobe size (mm) 14–15 × 3.5–4.5 18–20 × 5–6 ca 23 × 4 26–32 × 7–10 Labellum
shape elliptic to obovate, triangular, triangular-ovate, triangular-ovate,
apex rounded, flat apex acute and apex oblong or apex acute
undulate with tip rounded, concave pointing down
colour creamy yellow, creamy yellow, apical dull purplish-red, creamy white,
apical half mottled half mottled with mottled with mottled with with purple dots purple dots sparsely paler dots dense purplish-red
stripes and dots size (mm) 15 × 11 20 × 10 ca 22–24 × 14–16 30–35 × 20–24 Anther crest
length (mm) 4–6 15 ca 13 14–17