[...]...This page intentionally left blank Preface At the Ninth International Conference on Functional Grammar (ICFG9), held in Madrid in September 2000, Kees Hengeveld proposed the idea of a Functional Discourse Grammar At the time it was conceived of as a revised version of Functional Grammar (FG; Dik 199 7a, 1997b), a theory of the organization of natural languages developed by the late Simon C Dik and his... use of discourse particles, anaphorical chains, and tailhead linkage By way of example, consider the following instance of tail-head linkage in Tidore (van Staden 2000: 275): (1) turus jafa cahi saloi ena=ge turus then Jafa carry.on.the.back basket 3.nh=there then ena=ge paka ine Ine una oka koi 3.nh=there ascend go.upwards go.upwards 3.sg.m pick banana ‘ then Jafa carried the basket upwards... Parts -of- speech Pro pronoun A adjective V verb Ad adposition Adv adverb Cont contentive DAdv degree adverb Det determiner Intj interjection MAdv manner adverb N noun Num numeral Grammatical models FDG Functional Discourse Grammar FG Functional Grammar RRG Role and Reference Grammar SFG Systemic -Functional Grammar xxiii This page intentionally left blank 1 Introduction 1.1 Functional Discourse Grammar. .. upwards and picked the bananas ’ “ then Jafa carried the basket and went upwards Went upwards he picked the bananas ” In many Indo-Pacific languages there are several grammatical phenomena that are a faithful and direct reflection of discourse organization In Foley’s (1986: 176) words: A text is a coherent linking of clauses and sentences, and this coherence is achieved by rules of the language which... Component and the digital nature of the grammar gives us an opportunity to emphasize an important characteristic of FDG The analysis of linguistic data does not always lead to clear-cut results Criteria used to distinguish between word classes, for example, do not always give unequivocal classifications when applied to the forms found in a particular language; and the data drawn from corpus analysis will often... expression, as illustrated in (1) The crucial point here is that, as stated in the quotation from Foley (1986), phenomena such as tail-head linkage are governed by rules of the language and thus form part of the grammatical system as it applies to narratives Grammatical phenomena like these thus clearly show the need for a grammatical model that allows for the treatment of units larger than the individual clause... accusative caus causative acq acquired cert certain actnr action nominalizer cl class adh adhortative clf classifier adjr adjectivalizer cntrl control admon admonitive coll collective advr adverbializer comm commissive aff a ected comp complementizer ag agent compl completive agr agreement compv comparative all allative cond conditional anaph anaphoric conj conjunction anim animate conn connective anr agent... presentation, notably: the distinction between an interpersonal, a representational, and a morphosyntactic level of analysis, all of them with hierarchical layering; the actional status of ascription and reference; the top-down operation of the model; the interaction of the grammatical component with the conceptual and contextual components; and the analysis of reflexive language use The ideas were taken... to adopt the language of dynamic implementation—converts the final structures of the Grammatical Component into output This output will in the case of speech (the kind of discourse that will primarily be considered in this book) be acoustic in nature and consist of articulatory gestures of the respiratory, laryngeal, and supralaryngeal structures of the human anatomy With signed languages, which have... Rather, the selection of the language- specific distinctions of the type discussed by Slobin is a task of the Grammatical Component, specifically the operation of Formulation, which has the task of translating conceptual configurations into the semantic and pragmatic distinctions available within a specific language In the informal representation of the language user’s intention shown in (9), the material . agent agr agreement all allative anaph anaphoric anim animate anr agent nominalizer ant anterior aor aorist appl applicative approx approximative art article asp aspect ass assertive assv associative attr. person a actor abil ability abl ablative abs absolutive acc accusative acq acquired actnr action nominalizer adh adhortative adjr adjectivalizer admon admonitive advr adverbializer aff a ected ag agent agr. class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" Functional Discourse Grammar This page intentionally left blank Functional Discourse Grammar A typologically-based theory of language structure KEES HENGEVELD AND J.