[...]... transfer to the concept of "information aggregation" This concept has many meanings, depending on the particular field it is used, moreover depending on the point of view of the researchers using it For instance, in finance, security, banking, and other related fields, information aggregation means putting together information, specifically information coming from various autonomous information sources... Model Brain Function? From Robotics, Soft Computing, Biology and Neuroscience to Cognitive Philosophy (Fuzzy Logic Systems Institute (FLSI) Soft Computing Series, Vol 3 World Scientific Publishers), Singapore, 2001 Systematic Organisation of Information in Fuzzy Systems P Melo-Pinto et al (Eds.) IOS Press, 2003 Uncertainty and Unsharpness of Information Walenty OSTASIEWICZ Wroclaw University of Economics,... data and information, the representation and processing of the meaning contained in the data and information, relationship between meaning and processing method, the quantification of the relevance, significance and utility of information, and relationship between information and knowledge Questions like "What is data?," "What is information? " "What is meaning?" "What makes the difference between information. .. Press, 2003 Uncertainty-Based Information George J KLIR Center for Intelligent Systems and Dept of Systems Science & Industrial Eng Binghamton University - SUNY Binghamton, New York 13902-6000 E-mail: gklir@binghamton edu Abstract Uncertainty-based information is defined in terms of reduction of relevant uncertainty It is shown how the emergence of fuzzy set theory and the theory of monotone measures... measure uncertainty within the various mathematical frameworks Information measured solely by uncertainty reduction is an important, even though restricted, notion of information To distinguish it from the various other conceptions of information, it is common to refer to it as uncertaintybased information [10] Uncertainty-based information does not capture the rich notion of information in human communication... uncertainty and uncertainty-based information in these theories in Sec 5 Methodological issues regarding the various uncertainty theories, focusing primarily on three general principles of uncertainty, are discussed in Sec 6 Finally, a summary of main results and open problems in the area of generalized information theory is presented in Sec 7 2 Classical Uncertainty Theories Two classical uncertainty theories... stochastics, intending to provide tools to make belief also an exact science The art of conjecturing takes over where the art of thinking left off An exact science has been made by attaching numbers to all our uncertainties One distinguishes between the kind of uncertainty that characterizes our general knowledge of the world, and the kind of uncertainty that we discover in gambling As a consequence, one distinguishes... page in the history of computer science and engineering domains is largely due to the way fuzzy logic proposed to deal with the very basic foundation of science, namely the logic, moreover to the way it proposed to manipulate information in engineering Indeed, Lotfi Zadeh has introduced a revolutionary way to represent human thinking and information processing Today, we are in calmer waters, and fuzzy. .. respect to some other criterion The information organization topic also covers the clustering of the data and information into hierarchical structures, self-organization of information into dynamical structures, like communication systems, and establishing relationships between various types of information Notice that "aggregating information" may also mean that information is structured Actually,... numerical form ", while information may represent "a character representing data" This is just an example of total confusion existing in our field Information is based on data and upwards relates to knowledge Information results by adding meaning to data Information has to have significance We need to address semiology, the science of signs, to obtain the definition of information, in contrast with data, . progresses in the domain of information processing and organization in and by fuzzy systems and other types of systems using uncertain information. Moreover, information aggregation . growth in the use of probability-based methods in a wide variety of applications centering on automation of decision-making in an environment of uncertainty and incompleteness of information. Successes . Program of UC Berkeley. This page intentionally left blank Systematic Organisation of Information in Fuzzy Systems P. Melo-Pmto et at. (Eds.) /OS Press, 2003 Information, Data, and Information