Khoa hpe Giao due MOT sd KHOANG CACH GIQA C H I N H SACH VA THUC T I I N PHAT TRIEN GIAO DUC TRONG CO CHE THI TRUOfNG Chung ta dang tfch cUc doi mdi giao due (GD) sudt gin 20 nam nay, eung vdi sU doi[.]
-Khoa hpe Giao due MOT sd KHOANG CACH GIQA C H I N H SACH VA THUC T I I N PHAT TRIEN GIAO DUC TRONG CO CHE THI TRUOfNG GS.TSKH DANGLTNG VAN TrirfAig Dal hoc Hoa Binli C ta dang tfch cUc doi mdi giao due (GD) sudt gin 20 nam nay, eung vdi sU doi mdi dat nude Tuy nhien, cung chUa bao gid nhu luc nay, doi mdi GD lai trd thinh mot de tai gay nhieu tranh cai den th^ Mpi bdc xuc td phia xa hdi deu len dau GD, cung bdi GD d l dupc col la ITnh vUc cd vai trd het sdc quan trpng Cd dUpc mot cai nhin that than trong, binh tTnh, khach quan, khoa hpc, du tam bao quit cl ve khdng gian va thdi gian, that khdng de dang CIng khdng de de cd the dua dugc nhCfng chinh sich phit trien hpp li Sau dly chung tdi xin xuat mdt sd khoing cich gida tu chinh sach va thUe tien phat trien gilo due Chinh sach: nhat the hoa; ThUc tien: da dang hoa Nhin lai Ijch sd phat trien lau dai cua GDViet Nam td thdi kl dung nude qua cac trieu dai phong kien, nhdng nam Phip thudc, rdi den giai doan kinh te ke hoach hoa tap trung quan lieu, bao cap, d mdc dp khic nhau, GD Viet Nam van ludn ludn la nen GD tinh hoa, danh cho nhdng ca the trdi, nhCftig ngUdi cd nang lUc tiep thu ki^n thde khoa hpc cdng nghe vUpt trdi vl/hoae nhCfng ngUd; ting Idp tren cCia xa hdi nhutrong thdi ki phong kien va thuc dan Ke td md cda Ding v l Nha nUdc chO trUPng xa hdi hoa GD thi GD Viet Nam da chuyen dan tdng budc sang nen GD cho sd ddng Con em chung ta bj bit budc phli di hpc cho du khdng mudn hpc (GD ph6 cap - cac nude gpi la GD bit budc - compulsory) hole phli di hpc neu khdng thi khdng biet lam gi vi khdng ki^m dugc viec lam (net die trung eua hpc sinh, sinh vien ThCi dd so vdi nien ndng thdn) hole can cd manh bIng de de xin viec hole ein phli ning tf le sinh vien/1 van dan cho kip vdi cac nUdc khu vUe va tren the gidi ma tr§n thuc te, trinh dp phat trien cl ve kinh te- xl hdi v l khoa hpc cdng nghe eua mdt qudc gia deu ti le thuanvditilenly Tuy ring Viet Nam hien khdng thieu nhOfng KHGD s6 67, thdng 4-2011 hpc sinh thuc su la thich hpc c6 ddng co hpc tap dung dan, vi du sinh vien cIc he cd n h i n tai nang Thay day kieu g) sinh vien van hpc gidi vi cIc em biet t u hoc va mudn biet c l nhdng dieu m l t h I y chua kjp day hole khdng day Dai da sd sinh vien dupc chap nhan hpc nghien cdu sinh d nude n g o l i ma khdng can qua khoa bo tiic nao Chuyen t d g i a o due t i n h hoa sang giao due cho set d o n g , chuyen t d nen g i l o due cho nhdng ngudi thich hpc sang cho nhdng ngudi da phan budc phai di hpc, t d mdt t i p the ngudi hpc tuong ddi ddng deu ve chat lUpng va nang lUe sang mdt t i p the da dang ea ve nang lUe, trinh dd v l tam nguyen la mot sU bien doi ghe gdm ddi vdi he thdng GD Mot nhOfng he qua eCia viee t h u ddng (budc p h l i di hpc) den trudng la thu ddng hpc tap lam g i l m sut kha nang ehu dpng, sang tao cCia ngudi hpc NhCfng thay doi khien cho md hinh GD tinh hoa v l ca x l hdi deu khdng thich dng kjp Xin l l y mot vi du nhd: nen GD cho sd ddng ay, cung hpc mot chUPng trinh nhUng sinh vien trudng nay, hpc sinh tinh cd the lam thay sinh vien trudng khae, hpc sinh tinh khIc, cd ngudi can hpc thuc chat, chat lUpng, nhung cd ngudi ch! can mua mot cai bang dai hpc (cho oai) Ddng nguc^ hpc n h u the d i n g le phai chap nhan su phan tang v^ chat lupng, nhUng chung ta van yeu cau hpc sinh d Mij Cang Chai p h l i cung hpc mdt chuong trinh, SGK, va cung cd chat lUpng nhu d T h u dd h o l e Bic Ninh thi thuc la q u i khd doi vdi he thdng GD D d la dieu can quan tam xay dUng ke hoach chan GD nude nha M d i t r u d n g chfnh trj, k i n h t e - xa hoi Ithong ehi tae d p n g den giao due - dao t a o ma c l ndi dung va chuong trinh giao due, den phong each hpc tap, su lua chpn nganh nghe va d i e tinh ci^a ngudi g i l o vien Chi xin phan tich tinh hinh hi$n d Ha Npi Hpc sinh tieu hpc cua Thu d d tham chi khdng biet den t r i u , rdng, thung lung, sudi v l "lung deo" la gi Hpc sinh THCS Ha Ndi sau tot nghiep, neu khdng vao hpc THPT thi khdng biet lam viee gi K h o a hpc G i a o d p c - khae han hpc sinh ndng thdn h o l e mien nui Hpc sinh THPT Ha Ndi sau tot nghiep chic chan rat it em d u t h i vao trudng l l m nghiep hoac thuy san, dia chat, dia li, nhung lai rat thich cac n g l n h nghe thupng mai, ngoai ngd, ngoai giao, q u I n trj kinh doanh dPn g i l n vi ngudi ThCi do, tde la bd me, hp hang, hang xdm cac em dai da sd lam nhdng cdng viecdd.glaul^ntdnhdng cdng viecdd Thay cd giao Thu rat quan tam den chuyen day them, tim t h u n h i p them ngoai lUPng, nhung d vung ndng thdn, vung sau, vung xa cd giao edn phai den tan nha mdi cIc em d^n trudng hoac phu dao cho hoc sinh hpc y^u len Idp theo tieu chuan thi dua cCia nha trudng da giao Nhdng net khae bi^t ay r i n g r i t vi md, nhiftig lai cd t i c dpng khdng nhd den he thdng GD Vi the cung rat can dupe quan t i m hoach djnh phuong hudng p h I t trien GD Chinh sach: noi Ithdng; ThUc tien: ndi co cai gpi la thj trUdng giao due Trong khoa hoe chinh trj va dao ddc hoc giao due 1^ icri ich cong cong Viec thuc day ipi ich cong cdng cd nghTa la mang lai Ipi ich eho cac vien cOa xa hdi, ve b i n c h i t , tutmg duong vdi viec giup d d tat ea mpi ngUdi, h o l e it nhat la mot da so tuyet ddi hp Khai niem Ipi ich cdng cdng dong nghTa vdi phuc Ipl xa hdiV Mat khIc, tren thi trudng toan cau, cac s i n pham vat the va phi vat the eua giao due deu cd the mua b i n dupc n h u I I hang hda ca nhan (private good^) Thi trudng ay dupe gpi la thj trUdng cac s i n pham g i l o due - gpi t i t I I thj trudng GD S i n pham phi vat the cOa giao due - sdc lao ddng duac phat trien - dupc tfch tu ca n h i n moi ngUdi, mdt l l n nda lai dupe ngUdi lao ddng sd hdu nd ban lai cho c I c ehu doanh nghiep va tao n#n thi trUdng sdc lao ddng ma Marx da phan tich rat kitrong tde pham kiet xuat TU ban ludn Vi vay, neu ket hpp quan diem kinh te hpc vdi triet hoc, dao ddc hpc va khoa hpc chfnh tri thi cd the ndi g i l o due tao dUpc nhCfng hang hda ddc biet "Dae biet" vl nd la s i n p h i m cCia lao ddng tong Nguyen van dinh nghTa cua Wikipedia: In ethics and political scienceto promote the common good means to benefit members of society Thus, in essence, helping the common good equates with helping all people, or at least the vast majority of them In that sense, the term could be synonymous with the general welfare C^ nhan (private) d day 1^ tifdng quan vdi public (c6ng cong) h^ng hoa cong c6ng Khong ^m chi viec tu nhan cung cap (private sector) 10 -mmn hop hay la cua "cdng nhan tap the" (theo cIch noi cua Marx) t d nhCfng ngUdi m d trudng, cac giao su; cac nha q u I n li giao due, cho den nhCfng cdng nhan tap vu nha trUcmg Nd can cac tU lieu san xuat n h u sach vd, giao trinh, dia CD, thi^t bj khoa hoc, g i l n g dUdng va sdc lao dong t d dOn g i l n din phdc tap nhu la tap vu, sda chOfa b i o hanh trang thiet bj kT thuat cho den viec day hpc eCta thIy, cd g i l o S i n pham tdng hpp d d cd gia tri cao hon nhieu so vdi nhCfng gi ma cac t d eCia nd mang lai (vai trd cOa n I n g luc cdng hudng cua giao due) Nd mang tfnh nhan van cao c l va gia tri tinh thin Idn lao khdng the tfnh t o l n dupe theo cac phuong phap k^ t o l n thdng thudng Khai niem thj trudng GD da cd tU l l u va d i e biet IS d mot sd nude phat trien Thj trudng GD ed nhifng CP sd triet hpc va thuc tien cCia nd dua tren mot thUc te khdng the phu nhan dUpc, dd la sU gia tang nhu eau hpc tap de tim kiem cP hdi cd viec lam, thu nhap cao, d i e biet I I sd thieu ni^n cac nUde dang phat trien mudn du hpc sang cac nude p h I t trien Nam b i t nhu cau dd, mdt sd qudc gia, dae bift \h Australia d l hudng su p h I t trien GD, nhat la giao due dai hpc vao khu vUc cac nude dang p h I t triln Hp m d rdng dieu kien nhap hpc, g i l m hpc phi, nang cao dieu kien an d sinh hoat, m d cac chuong trlnti bo tue, m d c I c nganh hpc mdi (vi du kinh te hgc p h I t trien), chO yeu cho thanh, thieu nien cac nUdc dang phat trien, ma khdng p h l i cho b i n than nhu cau cCia nude hp N h u vay, mac nhi§n hinh mdt thj trucflig giao due hudng ve xuat khau Tlii trudng n l y chua cd dieu tra cu the, nhUng dem lai Ipi n h u l n d i n g ke cho cac trudng dai hpc va cho qudc gia Lay n I m 1995 lam vi du, hpc sinh nUdc n g o l i d Australia da vUpt qua eon sd van, tao thu n h I p 1,8 ti dollar Australia, trd s i n pham xuat khau quan trpng nhat eua Australia, ddng thdi giam nhe g i n h nang hoc phi eho sinh vi^n nude hp Trong 10 nganh djeh vu xuat khau Idn cDa Hoa K^ nhieu nam lien xuat sieu, g i l o due ddng t h d t U , chi sau du Ijch, v i n tai va tien te Uu tien djnh hudng thi trudng GD dai hpc trd uu the d quy md toln cau eua t u ban thj trudng v l la c I c nguyen t i c cOa kinhtetudomdi Chinh phCi, n g o l i viee tao h i n h lang p h I p li cho cIc hoat dpng x u l t khau g i l o due tai cho va nUdc ngoai, cdn sd dung cac quy ho tro phat trien quoc gia (vidu nhuAUSAlD) lam "mdi nhCi" thanh, thi^u nien cIc nUde dang p h I t trien d u hpc tdi qudc gia hp.Trong dd, nude hp van tri m d t ch^ K H G D so 67, thang - 1 NgliendijruddblohdddivdiGD Dieu quan trpng la luc nly day khdng nen iam Ian ve quan niem va thii dp ddi vdi thj trudng xuat khau GD va su nghi&p GD qudc din Ngay cl tren the gidi, ndi den thi trudng GD (ndi dia) ngudi ta van ludn nhan manh den tinh chat dae biet cua nd, mdt thj trUdng khdng hoan hlo, canh tranh khdng hoan hlo, chi gidng nhu la thj trudng {quasimarket), tham chi, cd hpc gil d l ndi den suthat bai cCia thj trudng^ GD Tuy ring "Thi trudng II nPi ma ban tudo chpn lua cli tdt nhat v l eung la noi ban phai dua cli tot nhat de khdng bi loai bd Va dieu II quan trpng nhu ddi vdi GD cung nhU vdi bat ki khu vUc djch vu cdng nio khIc (Kuzminov)"^ nhung theo quan niem GD, khdng ton tai "trao doi gilo due", hoat ddng gida ngudi day v l ngudi hpc khdng phli la hoat ddng GD dUpc trien khai theo nguyen tae trao doi tUPng duong cua thj trudng Su xung ddt ve nguyen tie khien cho GD d l v l dang bj mat trai cCia thj trudng cdng kich dd dpi Nha nude cin ed sU trp giup cho GD cudc ddi dau Ddi vdi Viet Nam, chung ta eIn nghien cdu kT mpi khia canh cua sU phat trien GD nen kinh te thj trUdng djnh hudng xa hdi ehu nghTa, trUdc xu the hdi nhap qudc te, phat huy nhOftig mat tfch cue, ngan chan nhdng han che, tieu cUc eua thj trudng phat trien GD.Tuy nhien tdkinh nghidm qudc te can thay ring viec danh ddng ve quan niem va thIi dd ddi vdi thj trudng gilo due tdan cau (xult/ nhIp khau GD) va nhu cau phat trien GD qudc gia d^ dan den nhCfng giai phap cd tinh eUc doan, khd kiem soat, ehua du eo che, chfnh sIch quIn li va nang lUc khIc phuc cd hieu qui nhdng khiem khuyet tiem an cda thj trudng Chinh sach: noi khong vi Ipi nhuin; ThUc tien: noi vi Ipi nhuan Cd nhieu ngudi cho ring mdt d l chap nhan GD II "mdi trUdng dau td'thi phli chip nhin ludn "Ipi nhu3n"do hanh vi "dau tU" mang lai Sd khae lai cho ring khdng phli mpi dau tudeu cd muc dfch nhat II tim kiem "Ipi nhuan"; thim chf mdt sd trUdng hpp biet chae chan neu dau tu thi se "Id vdn" nhUng vIn phli dau tU Chung tdi nhan Trfch dan bdi Gorbunova, E, Zabaev, I., The Role of Universities in the Transformation of Societies An international research project The role of the fWloscow High School of Social and Economic Sciences in the transforming the system of education in Russia.Progress report, Nov 2002 KHGD so 67, thdng - 2011 Khoa hpc Gido dpc thIy can hieu dUng khai niem "Ipi nhuan" GD mang lai Lpi nhuan dau tU cho GD cd hai phan: phan eua ca nhan va phan cua xa hdi Nhl nude dau tucho GD de mang lai Ipi ich cho toan x l hdi GD la ddng luc phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, la yeu td eP bin de tang sdc canh tranh eua nen kinh te Dly chinh la nguyen nhan, la ban chat v l cung la luan cdcP bin cho cac trUdng phli xem GD la Ipi ich cdng cdng, ddi hdi nha nUde phli dau tu cho GD CIc phan kinh te dau tu cho GD de ting chat lupng ngUdi lao ddng, td dd ting nIng suit lao ddng, ting chat lupng sin pham, gia va tang sdc canh tranh Gia dinh va cl nhin dau tUcho GD de tang nang lUc hieu biet, cP hdi tim ki^m viec llm, ting thu nhap ea nhan tang nIng suat lao ddng v l kha nIng kiem dUpc viec lam ed lUPng cao hPn V^ phia ca nhin thi cl khdng dupe su ho trp cCia Chinh phu hp eung tim each dau tu eho tUPng lai cCia minh thdng qua viec hpc dupc nhdng kT nIng nghe nghiep nhim ting thu nhap di llm cdng In lUPng hole tang nIng trd nhCfng dng ehu cua nhdng doanh nghiep lam an phat dat Lcri nhuan GD mang lai khdng dUpc the hien trUc tiep va cu the nhu nhdng hoat ddng kinh te Vay, ed hay khdng cd Ipi nhuan ddi vdi ngUdi md trUdng? Ve nguyen tic, dieu kien d^ mdt de In ed the thuc hien dupe la: Tong thu - tong chi'' = Phan ch^nh lech thu (tong hpc phQ v l chi neu cd cCia mdt trudng hoc cd dugc II nha trUdng da "bdt" phan ding le phli chi de nIng cao dieu kien vachatlupng hpc tlpcho hpc sinh, sinh vien (kholn chi khdng cd gidi han, khdng biet the nao la du nen cd tinh bat djnh cao) hole phli tri cho gilo vien v l nhCfng ngudi lao dpng khae trUdng Neu eho rang nha trudng can bdt hai phan chi dd de cd phan ehenh lech dUPng, tde II d l chap nhan cd su mua ban theo thoa thuin GD - tde II chap nhan thUPng mai hoi GD Luc mpi ngudi gan vdi viec van hinh va to chdc cac hoat ddng GD nha trUdng phli dupc chia phan, neu khdng, lanh dao trudng se thInh cac dng ehu thue nhin cdng GD nhU cIc nha may GD d Anh theo cIch ndi eua Marx Tuy vay Ipi nhuan ma kinh doanh GD dem lai Oa bao gom chiet khau von d^u tii Khoa hpc Gido due khdng mau thuan vdi tinh phi doanh Ipi eCia GD Tinh phi doanh lpi cCia GD la tinh chat va ban chat cua GD Muc dich co ban cOa GD la dao tao ngUdi, nhUng dieu n l y cung vdi GD can phai hach toan gia lam eho GD t i n g thu n h I p het mdc cd the, g i l m bdt chi phi, nang cao hieu ich x l hdi va kinh te cua vi&c to chdc g i l n g day Dieu n l y khdng mau thuan, neu chung ta xet den hai dae diem Idn eua kinh doanh GD Thd nhat, loi nhuan thu dupc cua kinh doanh GD, tde la thu Ipi, ngudn von cP b i n de phat trien GD, tiep tuc p h I t trien su nghiep GD, khdng ton tai van d ^ p h i n phdi Ipi nhuan cho nha dau tu Thd hai, lpi nhuan kinh doanh GD thu dupe thudng khdng dugc vupt qua lai suat cua n g i n h i n g v l Hi s u i t cua trai phieu chinh phCi Nhu vay, v^ ca b i n se cd t h ^ b i o d i m d i e trung tinh phi doanh Ipl cCiaGD N h u v l y , neu lap luan r i n g , nha trudng can bdt hai phan chi (cho giao vien va cho sinh vien) de phat trien thdng qua tai dau t u c h o c p s d v i t chat, trang thiet bj day va hpc, v.v nham tao dieu kien khdng ngUng nang cao chat lupng dao tao cua trudng thi se dan tdi hinh thai "khdng vi muc dfch kinh doanh kiem Idi"cua cac td chdc GD (phi Ipi nhuan) Trong trUdng hpp dd, khdng true tiep dupc hudng Ipi viec t l i dau t u nhung ngudi hpc dugc hudng lpi t d nhdng ngudi hpc k h o l trudc mang lai V I tat nhien, se ed nhieu hinh t h I i trung gian gida mdt ben la vi Ipi nhuan tdi da dUpc chia het cho ehu sd hdu cua trucmg va ben la phan chenh lech khdng chia cho cIc ca nhan ma dUpc danh cho dau t u p h I t trien Bao nhieu cho Ipi nhuan, bao nhieu cho dau tU p h I t trien deu dupe quyet dinh bdi chfnh thi trudng h o l e mot su i^nh che nao d d eua N h l nude Khi eung e l u dat tdi can bang, su canh tranh ddi hdi cac trudng dai hpc phai ehu y nhieu hPn den quyen Ipi ngUdi hpc, ngudi day b I n g cIch giam ehenh lech t h u chi v l t i n g ti trpng t l i dau t u C h i n h sach: y e u cSu cao; ThUc t i e n : k h o n g d u n g u o n lUc va d i e u k i e n QD 07/2009: Cd tong dien tfch dat xay dung trudng khdng ft hon ha; thuc hie" mdc binh quan tdi thieu dien tfch 25mVl SV tai thdi diem cd quy m d d a o tao cao nhat Dien tfch nha da xay dung dua v i o sd dung dat binh q u I n tdi thieu 9mVsinh vien, d d dien tfch hpc tap 6mVsinh vien, dien tfch 12 nha d va sinh hoat dat tdi thieu 3mVsinh vien, diefi tich lam viec cho g i l n g vien toi thieu SmVngUdl Thuc tien cho thay, de dat dupe cac chi tieu tren day vdi mot trUdng cd 10.000 sinh vien, theo g i l cS hien hdu can cd: 25x10.000 = 250.000 m^ = 25 mat bIng Chi phi de CO dupc co sd tang bao gdm t d viec thl^t ke quy hoach, g i l i phdng mat b I n g , thue dat, tien thue dat l l m d u d n g , nude, dien 2.000.000d/m ^x 250.000 m^ = 500 ti ddng Xly cho hpc cho sinh vien: 60.000 m^ s i n x trieu/m^ = 180 ti Xay eho l l m viec cho g i l n g vien: 10.000/20x8x3trieu/m2 - 12ti Xay eho d eho sinh vien: 10.OOOx x trieu/m^ = 90 ti Cdng chung = 780 ti ddng Gil tren day chua tinh den dau t u chieu sau ve trang thiet bi g i l n g day va nghien cdu Neu tinh lai suat eho vay thap nhat - Uu dai thi moi nam trudng cung phai t r i tdi 90 ti dong tien lai Quy cho sinh vien thi moi sinh vien chju 9,0 trieu ddng chi de trudng t r i III vdn vay vdn gdp Chua k l chi phi thudng xuyen Vay, hpc phf p h l i lay bao nhieu? Neu trUdng t6 chdc kinh doanh rat gidi, cd the cd chenh lech thu ehi 20% tong hpc phi Vay hpc p h i tdi thieu II45 trieu dong/nam va 4.500.000d/thang (gil e l hiSn tai) Trong d d muc tieu cua xa hdi hda khdng phli la hudng vao nha giau (con c l i hp dupc giA di hpc nude ngoai), ma la hudng tdi nhdng gia dinh ngheo khdng cd dieu kien cho di hpc nUde ngoai, cung nhu hudng tdi nhu cau hpc tap eCia sd ddng vdi tin dung sinh vien 850.000d/thlng Cijng chuyen xay dung nly, Qudc hdi d4 nghj vdng nam c l e t r u d n g p h l i h o l n viee x l y dung d eo sd d l dang ki Thue tien cho thay, n I m la thdi gian tdi thieu de cd dupe eP sd ting.Tren 10 n I m nhuDHQGHN cung chua the hoan tat viec x l y diftig m a d kinh phiva dat dai deu dupe Nha nude ehu cap Chinh sach: chat lUpng cao; ThUc t i e n : n h u cau t i e p can g i a o due I d n Can nghiem tijc xem xet viec quy djnh va xac djnh diem san d tam vT md ThUc c h i t diem san khdng p h l i la chuan de d i n h gia chat lUpng GD, bdi vi hoan toan ket luan phan nao mang tinh e l m tinh eila K H G D s o 67, t h a n g - 1 - K h o a hpc G i a o d u e Ha\ ienjtfijfuhem 30 vi^n Hdi dong xac djnh diem san va phu thudc chU yeu vao d6 khd cua de thi Ve mat luat phap, quyen dupc hpc dai hpc cua t h i sinh phu thudc vao phien hpp cCia Hoi ddng chd khdng p h l i Qudc hdi quyet djnh V\ec x l c djnh diem san cao se khien cho hang chuc ngan t h i sinh bj tudc di quyen hoe dai hpc sac doanh nghiep - mau sac quan trj cum t d q u I n trj kinh doanh (business management) khae vdi q u i n i i nha nude "regulate" (quy dinh, quy che) va d cap cao hPn "govern"(cai tri, e l m quyen) Cac tai lieu tieng Viet ehi dung mdt t d q u I n li eho mpi cap nen rat khd lam rd ndi dung eua q u I n li n h l nUdc De nghj Bp Giao due va Dao tao sdm ban hanh quy trinh m d nganh va sdm thuc hien viec kiem dinh m d nganh, tao dieu kien eho cac trudng ngoai cong lap m d them nganh dao tao mdi NhU vay, mdt mat cIc trUdng cd dieu kien p h I t huy het tiem n I n g cua minh, mat khIc day I I yeu td de d i m b i o d i o tao theo nhu cau xa hoi Chat lupng la mdt k h l l niem trdu tUpng 6Viet Nam, ndi Dai hpc qudc gia la co chat lupng cung dUng so sanh vdi nhdng trudng chi cd nam tudi, nhUng ndi la chua cd chat lupng cung dOng neu so sanh vdi cac trudng top 200 tham chi 500 Vay cle trudng dai hpc Viet Nam p h l i phan d i u the nao day? Sd dT p h l i rach rdi nhU vay, vi viee ddl mdi GD ddi hdi phai thay ddi t u GD, ndi dung v l phUPng thde quan If nha nude Chiing tdi kien nghj, chat lUpng trUdc het la sU d i p dng nhu eau Nhu c l u nhan luc va nhu cau hpc tap C h I m dap dng nhu cau la mdt bieu hien g i l m chat lupng cCia toan h& thdng Thj trUdng lao dpng rat nang ddng v l ludn bien ddng, viec m d n g l n h mdi lai phu thudc vao nhdng djnh che rat k h i t khe va cdng nhic, dieu khi^n eho GD dai hpc ludn ludn bj lac hau so vdi x l hdi Cac trudng se budc p h l i dao tao theo nhufng n g l n h nghe m l xa hdi khdng cdn nhu cau hpc tap va sddung nda Can p h l i manh dan danh doi (trade off) gida c l i gpi la chat lUpng vdi sU dap dng nhu c l u xa hdi D l y chinh la van de tU c I n doi mdi viec m d n g l n h nghe dao tao cua he thong GD dai hpc Vi^t Nam Chinh sach: Quim li chat; ThUc t i e n : can co t u chd cao Ddi mdi GD I I ddi mdi khd khan nhat, lau dai nhat v l phdc tap nhat tat e l cac ddi mdi xa hdi, va p h l i bang thay ddi t u duy, t o l n b d quyen lUe, t d chdc hanh ehinh eua h§ thdng ehinh tri dau nao mdi tao dupc cudc doi mdi triet de, c I n ban, cd tinh each mang GD-DT Mot van de da dUpc t h i o luan l l u la c l i each h i n h chfnh n h l nude, muc tieu cd tinh bao triim, cung I I giai p h I p de doi mdi q u I n li va eung dng djch vu cdng, d d cd GD Theo ehung tdi hieu tlii q u i n If n h l nUdc cd the cd nhieu cap dp T h u | t n g d tieng Anh Management la q u I n li mang mau K H G D so , thdng - 2011 Ndi mdt cIch tdng the, gida Nha nude va thj trudng nhCfng nam 1980 sau sU chuyen hudng td"thj trudng nhd va Nha nUdc Idn" sang "thj trudng Idn va N h l nudc nhd nhUng cd n I n g lUc", sU tuong t i e l l n gida N h l nUdc vdi GD tren the gidi cung chuyen tU kieu Nha nude djnh che sang kieu Nha nudc giam sat (state supervising model) Dieu dang chii -^ I I , GD, d i e biet la GD dai hpc da g i l n h dugc tfnh t u ehu k h i Idn t d tay Nha nUdc, nhUng cP che thi trUdng lai trd su trdi budc mdi m l GD khd cd the thoat ve cle mat nhU kinh phi, hpc phf, q u I n li, n h i n sU va danh gia va dieu d l sinh nhdng I n h hudng sau rdng'' Ho Chu tjch trude bay sang Paris da dan quyen Chu tich nude Huynh TTiuc Khing " DT bat bien dng van bien" Dieu dng dung GD ed the hieu la lay muc tieu tdi thupng cilia GD la nang cao dan tri, dao tao nhan lUc v l bdi dudng nhan tai cho dat nUdc lam cai bat bien, ndi dung, ehUPng trinh, phUPng thdc, t o chdc he thdng GD la cai kha bien de d i p dng vdi nhdng bien ddng sam set cda thi trUdng "Van bien nhu Idi nhat t i m thien dinh" Khdng ap dat toan bp he thdng theo mdt m d hinh cdng nhIc, bao d p v l quan lieu menh lenh de ddi lai vdi cai het sdc da dang va phong phu eua thUc tien GD qudc dan n i n kinh te thi trudng vi thj trUcmg khdng ngoan ngoan n h u cap dudi cCia mdt CP quan hanh chinh Phai chang d d la cai bUdc khdi dau di doi mdi toan dien va triet de GD Viet Nam Ket luan Trong bdi c I n h GD dye bj phe phan rat nang ne, nhieu giai phap doi mdi, nhieu t h d nghiem d l dugc thUc hien, t d md hinh, eP cau he thdng, den ndi dung, chUPng trinh, sIch g i l o khoa , nhUng cd m d t thUe te I I nhCftig doi mdi n l y chua tao dupe nhOfng chuyen bien tfch cue khien x l hdi ed the yen t i m Bdc xuc xa hdi van cdn nhilu.Tai (Xem tiep trang 16) K h o a hpc G i a o d u e • Nguon t h u tiT hoat dpng djch v u , san xuat kinh doanh (SXKD) Hoat ddng dich vu va sin xuat kinh doanh dang dugc m d rdng d nhieu tnrdng dai hpc Hoat dpng djch vu, SXKD dien dudi nhieu hinh thdc khae n h I m tan dung co sd v l t chit, dpi ngu can bd, GV, thuong hieu cua nha trudng, thdng qua dd de cd d c ngudn thu bo sung, gdp p h I n nang cao thu nhap cho d n bp, GV v l tang cudng cp sd vat chat Cd the Iiet ke d e hinh thdc hoat ddng djch vu, SXKD nhu sau: Sin xuat d c sIm pham h^ng hda thupe ITnh vuc chuyen mon cCia n h l trudng Td chdc d c dich vu nhu n h l an, cang tin, coi xe, phdtd copy, b i n van phdng pham To chdc hole cho thue co sd vat chit md cac Idp ngoai ngCf, tin hoc, day nghe ngoai gid De danh g i l hieu q u i cOa hoat dpng djch vu, SXKD ehung ta d n t i i n hanh theo each t i l p can phan tich sau d l y ; 1) Xdc^nh^li ddng g6p:T]\e dong gdp \a tieu chi de eho biet hoat ddng n l y ed mang lai hieu q u i v l d mdc dp nao tong ngudn thu cCia n h l trUdng 2) Xu hudng gia tdng nguon thu: Khi phan tfch chi tiSu n l y ngoli viec xem ti 1^ dong gdp nam, eung c I n xem xet ddng t h I i phat trien theo thdi gian cua chi tieu nay, de qua b i i t dUpc ti le ddng gop cOa hoat ddng djch vu, SXKD c d x u hUdng tang hay giam MdTSd KHOANG CACH (Tiep theo trang 13) vl chung ta van sOr dung t a cu de hoach ^ n h doi mdi Tham chf cau h6i chifa dUdc tra Idi 1^, neu phSi cai each GD thi cSi each cai gl day: noi dung chUdng trinh, phUdng phap GD, ca cau he thong hay qu^n li? NhQng nha giao chung ta se lam gl ngoai nhijfng cong viec thirdng ngay? Phil chang can do! mdi ca t u cua xa hoi Thdi chien tranh, thanh, thieu nien Viet Nam tran vdi l