University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations Hispanic Studies Hispanic Studies 2018 iTEXTS: TECHXTUAL POETICS, AUTHORSHIP AND RE-WREADERS IN 21ST-CENTURY SPANISH LITERATURE Joshua M Hoekstra University of Kentucky, joshuamarkhoekstra@yahoo.com Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2018.398 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits you Recommended Citation Hoekstra, Joshua M., "iTEXTS: TECHXTUAL POETICS, AUTHORSHIP AND RE-WREADERS IN 21ST-CENTURY SPANISH LITERATURE" (2018) Theses and Dissertations Hispanic Studies 37 https://uknowledge.uky.edu/hisp_etds/37 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Hispanic Studies at UKnowledge It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations Hispanic Studies by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless an embargo applies I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of my work I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of my work I understand that I am free to register the copyright to my work REVIEW, APPROVAL AND ACCEPTANCE The document mentioned above has been reviewed and accepted by the student’s advisor, on behalf of the advisory committee, and by the Director of Graduate Studies (DGS), on behalf of the program; we verify that this is the final, approved version of the student’s thesis including all changes required by the advisory committee The undersigned agree to abide by the statements above Joshua M Hoekstra, Student Dr Susan Larson, Major Professor Dr Carmen Moreno-Nuño, Director of Graduate Studies ITEXTS: TECHXTUAL POETICS, AUTHORSHIP AND RE- WREADERS IN 21ST- CENTURY SPANISH LITERATURE DISSERTATION A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Kentucky By Joshua M Hoekstra Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr Susan Larson, Professor of Spanish Literature, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas Lexington, Kentucky 2018 Copyright © Joshua M Hoekstra 2018 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION iTEXTS: TECHXTUAL POETICS, AUTHORSHIP AND RE-WREADERS IN 21STCENTURY SPANISH LITERATURE In 2007, Nuria Azancot published an article in the magazine El Cultural in which she identified a burgeoning group of Spanish writers that she referred to as the “Nocilla Generation.” The catalyst behind the article was a literary reunion that took place weeks before in Seville and brought together authors from all parts of Spain to talk about the status and future of writing She described them as “transgressors” and “bloggers” who hybridized literary genres and held a revolutionary approach to the literary that was clearly marked by the Internet Numerous articles and dissertations have since highlighted the impact that technology has had on the literature of this generation and how the Internet has allowed these authors a very active presence on social media Few of these critical examinations have engaged in close textual analyses of the works of this socalled “Nocilla Generation” of writers This dissertation engages with these issues for the purpose of exploring three main points First, it seeks to identify and examine the role of the Internet on the literary production of Agustín Fernández Mallo, Alberto Olmos and Vicente Luis Mora Second, it looks at the way that the internetization of literature implicitly undermines the traditional understanding of authorship Third, the project suggests that the concept of an author as the source of an original creation should be replaced with a “re-wreader” (a blend of reader and writer infused with the repetitive nature of the prefix “re.”) The main thesis of this dissertation is that the interneticized text gives rise to a new understanding of authorship that is best captured in the figure of a re-wreader writing re-wreaderly texts that echo the ideas of the readerly and writerly from Barthes The result: a textual space at once strange yet familiar in which a search for meaning, textual stability or origins gives itself over to the pleasure of the search, a search for something or nothing, a search for the search, a search in which all the material of the world (printed and digital) is there to be used and repackaged into a new literary creation KEYWORDS: Internet, Nocilla Generation, Spanish Literature, authorship, copyleft Joshua M Hoekstra (Name of Student) 10/08/18 Date iTEXTS: TECHXTUAL POETICS, AUTHORSHIP AND RE-WREADERS IN 21STCENTURY SPANISH LITERATURE By Joshua M Hoekstra Dr Susan Larson Director of Dissertation Dr Carmen Moreno-Nuño Director of Graduate Studies 10/08/18 Date To Adela, ideas and the future ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To arrive at this moment is to inevitably reflect with gratitude on the important and influential individuals without whom this project may have never been realized My dissertation director, Dr Susan Larson, has been monumental in this endeavor Despite taking a new position at a different university thousands of miles away, she continued to believe in this project and wanted to work with me to see it to fruition It could sound cliché to be thankful for her unconditional support, encouragement, guidance and perspective through it all but I can think of no better way to express it for I truly feel that she has embodied each of those descriptions so well I am especially grateful for the countless correspondences of encouragement and the little notes in the margins of my drafts when she liked one of my ideas or the way that I expressed something I would also like to thank Dr Ana Rueda for her thoughtful feedback and support, as well as her advice and kindness over the years that helped motivate me to see this project to completion I am equally thankful for the enthusiasm, insight and thoughtfulness of Dr Dierdra Reber She became a member of my committee later in the process and immediately after our first meeting together, I knew that I was fortunate to work with her I would also like to thank Dr Robert Jensen for his critical insights in the early stages of this project for they helped me hone in on what I was really trying to get at with this group of writers Countless things go on during the actual writing process as well In the back of my mind I always knew that I would finish the project but my atypical status of a graduate student added additional layers to my efforts to see it through (a full teaching load year-round, promotions, home projects and life in general) But my wife Adela iii Borrallo-Solís, “perfección total,” was always confident that I would reach my goal and put together a meaningful project I loved the look of amazement and pride on her face on the countless occasions when I would essentially disappear into my project only to emerge some weeks later with a significant amount of work to share with my dissertation director To be able to explore a world of ideas and literature in Spanish has been and continues to be one of the best experiences of my life and it just could not be what it is without Adela In addition to my wife, I am also very thankful for my Spanish in-laws Jorge Borrallo and Emi Solís, as well as my brother and sister-in law Jorge and Yolanda Each of them has believed in me and supported me over the years, especially during the summers in Spain when I would write but still try to spend time with them If I have made them proud with this project then I am grateful for that Finally, I owe a big and sincere thank you to my parents, Dad and Mom They taught me to value knowledge and people and without both of those this project would not have happened iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments iii List of Figures vi Introduction: The Spanish Literary Atlas Reunion and the Nocilla Generation Preface Introduction Make Room: The Nocilla Generation Is Here Can the “Nocilleros” Defend Themselves? Dissertation Structure 12 Final Considerations 16 Chapter 1: iTexts: Techxtual Poetics and the Interneticized Novel in 21st- Century Spanish Literature 18 Chapter 2: Copyright or Copyleft: A Challenge to Authorship 85 Chapter 3: “Re-Wreaders and Their Re-Wreaderly Texts” 138 General Conclusion: iTexts and the Future of Ideas 181 Works cited 192 Vita 210 v la novela española sobre la Guerra Civil y el franquismo (2000-2010), edited by Hans Lauge Hansen, Juan Carlos Cruz Suárez, Peter Lang, 2012, pp 233-245 Codina, Luis El libro digital y la WWW Tegueste (Tenerife): Tauro Producciones, 2000 Corroto, P “Creative Commons: Acceso libre, no gratuito.” Público publico.es/culturas/creative-commons-acceso-libre-no.html Accesed Sept.14, 2017 Critchley, Simon Very Little Almost Nothing: Death, Philosophy, Literature London: Routledge, 1997 Cueva de González-Cotera, Javier “Introducción al copyleft Una perspectiva de su recepción en Espa.” Periférica Internacional Revista para el análisis de la cultura y el territorio (2007): pp 113-32 Del Pozo Ortea, Marta Towards a posthumanist reenchantment: Poetry, science and new technologies University of Massachusetts Amherst, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2012 3546002 Delany, Paul, and George P Landow Hypermedia and Literary Studies Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1991 Derrida, Jacques Limited Inc Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1988 Eisenstein, Elizabeth L The Printing Press as an Agent of Change: Communications and Cultural Transformations in Early Modern Europe Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1979 Elliot, T.S “Tradition and the Individual Talent.” Perspecta, 19, (1982): 36-42 197 Eltham, Kate “When the Web is the World.” The Future of Writing, edited by John Potts, Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014, pp 27-32 Ensslin, Astrid Canonizing Hypertext: Explorations and Constructions, London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2007 Eisenstein, Elizabeth L The Printing Press as an Agent of Change: Communication and Cultural Transformation in Early Modern Europe Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980 Fernández Mallo, Agustín Nocilla Dream 4th ed Madrid: Editorial Candaya, 2007 - Nocilla Experience Madrid: Punto de Lectura 2008 - Postpoesía: Hacia un nuevo paradigma Barcelona: Anagrama 2009 - El hacedor de Borges (Remake) Madrid: Alfaguara 2011 - “Hacia un nuevo paradigma: Poesía postpoética.” June 2010 www.circulolateral.com/pdf/mallo_1.pdf - “Tiempo topológico en Proyecto Nocilla y en Postpoesía (y breve apunte para una Exonovela) “Hybrid Storyspaces Project.” Developed by Debra A Castillo and Christine Henseler www.einaudi.cornell.edu/latinamerica/academics/ hybrid_mallo.asp - “Simetría Einstein – Borges.” Lateral: Revista de Cultura, 4:30, (1997): 10 - "Acerca de lo que pienso." 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1838-1952 Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 2007 209 Joshua M Hoekstra VITA EDUCATION 2013 University of Kentucky MA in Hispanic Studies 2003 University of Colorado at Boulder MA in Spanish Literature 1999 Kalamazoo College Bachelor of Arts in International Studies, Kalamazoo College PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 2004- Bluegrass Community and Technical College (BCTC) Professor of Spanish 2003-2004 University of Colorado at Boulder, Lecturer of Spanish 2003-2004 Front Range Community College Adjunct instructor of Spanish 2003 University of Colorado at Boulder Spanish Instructor The Anderson Language Technology Center (ALTEC) 2002-2003 University of Colorado at Boulder Lead Graduate Teacher for the Graduate Teacher Program (GTP) 2001-2003 University of Colorado at Boulder Teaching Assistant Department of Spanish and Portuguese 210 PUBLICATIONS Reviews 2009 Lipski, John M Varieties of Spanish in the United States Washington DC: Georgetown UP, 2008 Hispania 92, (2009): 523-524 Print 2009 Wilkie, Irene, and Carmen Arnaiz Intermediate Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook New York: Routledge, 2008 Hispania 92, (2009): 271-272 Print 2008 Sobejano-Morán, Antonio and Paola Bianco Introducción a la literatura latinoamericana: An Anthology of Latin American Literature Newburyport, MA: Focus Publishing, 2008 Hispania 91, (2008): 624625 Print 2008 Jordan, Isolde, and José Pereiro-Otero Curso de gramática avanzada del espol: Comunicación reflexiva Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006 Hispania 91, (2008): 211-212 Print 2007 King, Larry D., and Margarita Suñer Gramática española: Análisis y práctica 3rd ed Boston: McGraw Hill, 2008 Hispania 90, (2007): 515516 Print 2007 Cherry, Maurice C, ed Dimension 2006: Languages for Today’s World Selections of the 2006 Joint Conference of the Southern Conference on Language Teaching and the Florida Foreign Language Association Valdosta, GA: SCOLT, 2006 Hispania 90, (2007): 288-290 Print 2006 Brown, Joan L., and Carmen Martín Gaite Conversaciones creadoras: Mastering Spanish Conversation 3rd ed Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2006 Hispania 89, (2006): 902-903 Print 2006 Sánchez-Blake, Elvira and Maria Nowakowska Stycos Voces hispanas,siglo XXI New Haven and London: Yale UP, 2005 Hispania 89, (2006): 316-317 Print 2005 Muñoz, Pedro M and Marcelino C Marcos España: Ayer y hoy Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2005 Hispania 88, (2005): 781782 Print 211 ... are inspired and influenced by technology and in particular the products and practices of the Internet, which in turn raises serious questions related to authorship, reading and writing 19 Writing... with nothing inside (Azancot) And the interesting thing, according to Azancot, is that the “fragmentarios” are not going to back down and be quiet As a point of departure in her online article,... become old in days or hours In other words, there is a lurking sense of “chasing meaning” in the sense that in the moment that one gains some understanding or reaches some insight into a specific