thj trudng sach, hinh anh sinh ddng, siT dung ngdn tU it; Nhieu loai truyen "sac" miii bao lufc, danh nhau va ehem giet, ed truyen ma li ki trinh tham keo dai ea tram tap.... Mdt hpe sin
Trang 1XA HOI THONG TIN
MGO^M ^ © ^ S &% a S a<|Q G0(§)« ^BGO GO^S
^Qua khao sat doi tifcfng hpc sinh - sinh vien)
^ ^ ^ h d n g bd hep trong pham vi tim
Ji^^ hieu van chUdng, viec dpc sach
' ^ ^ ^ v a thdi quen ham dpe sach se
giup ehiing ta trang bj them eho minh
nhieu kie'n thirc sau rdng, sU hieu biet
cudc sd'ng vdi nhiTng gia trj nhan van cao
quy Trong thdi gian qua, nhieu cud'n
sach da gay dupe sU ehu y cuia ddc gia:
Mai mai tuoi hai muai (Nguyin Van
Thac), Nhat ky Dang Thuy Tram, Bdng
de (Do Hoang Dieu), Canh ddng bat tan
(Nguyin Ngpc Tu), Yeu va sd'ng (Le
Van), Rdng Na Uy (Haruki Murakami),
Mat ma Da Vinci (Dan Brown) Tuy
nhien, hien nay sd ngudi dpc dang giam
rat nhieu bdi sUxam lan ciia cac phUdng
tien nghe nhin nhu tivi, game, cac
ehUdng trinh ca nhac Van hoa dpe rd
rang khdng edn giiT dugc vj tri "ddc tdn"
Chiing ta nhin nhan va danh gia van de
nay nhU the nao? Dau la nguyen nhan,
va giai phap nao la thich hpp cho van
hoa dpe hien nay?
1 Van hoa doc la gi? ThUc trang
hien nay?
Thue te, khdng ai phii nhan nhirng Ipi
fch tfch cue eiia eac phUdng tien truyen
thdng da phuong tien dem lai: sU nhanh
nhay, thdng tin nhieu chieu he't siTc
phong phu va hap dan Khdng ddn thuIn
la dpe tren giay, ngay nay ngUdi ta cd the
tranh thu dpc qua tivi, qua phim chuyen
the tu tac pham van hpc, qua chdi game
VU THj THU HA Vien Van hoc
td'c dp eao va dae biet la dpe qua Internet Tuy nhien van de la ehiing ta dpe gl, dpc nhu the nao dang la dieu dang ban va quan tam eiia dU luan Vay van hoa dpc la gl? Theo nha ngdn ngiT hpe Pham Van Tinh: "Van hda dpe ehinh
la thai dp, la each irng xuf eiia ehung ta ddi vdi tri thife sach vd Phai biet dpc sao cho hdp ly va bd fch Dpc sao cho hpp vdi quy luat tie'p nhan tri thife" Van hda dpc phii hpp vdi lira tudi, sd thi'ch, chuyen mdn nghe nghiep Chi d n tim hieu xem ban dpe dang dpe gl va quan tam tdi nhiTng van de gl, ngudi ta ed the
danh gia dugc gu tham my cung nhu ve
dep tam hdn ciia ngudi dd Dieu nay khdng qua xa vdi, vl hien nay viee dpc sach dang trd nen "hdn tap" bdi cd qua nhieu van de khdng dupc chpn Ipe, manh ai ngudi dd dpe, dpe gl tuy thfeh,
va dpe sach theo trao lUu, theo "tam ly dam ddng"
Tre em la lUa tudi ham dpe, td md, ham hieu bie't va ITnh hdi "hpe theo" mdt each nhanh nhat Tuy nhien nhu'ng trd chdi dien tuf, nghe nhac, da cud'n tre nhd theo mdt xu hudng khac Tre chdi game
"cao td'c" nhieu hdn la lam viee nha, tre dpe truyen tranh nhieu hdn la dpc nhifng truyen cd tfch, nhifng tac pham van hpc hay Thufc te da ehifng minh, rat nhieu nhiTng cud'n truyen tranh tU Han Qud'e, Trung Qud'e, Nhat Ban tran ngap tren
84
Trang 2thj trudng sach, hinh anh sinh ddng, siT
dung ngdn tU it; Nhieu loai truyen "sac"
miii bao lufc, danh nhau va ehem giet, ed
truyen ma li ki trinh tham keo dai ea tram
tap dupc tre em rat Ua ehudng 6
thanh phd, viee mua sach d i hon Theo
mdt nhdm hpe sinh vao eira hang sach
tren dUdng Tay Sdn, Nguyin Van CU
(Ha Ndi), tdi thay tre ehii ye'u tim de'n
nhtfng quiy truyen tranh, ma ft tim de'n
nhiTng cud'n truyen ed tfch, hay nhiTng
tae pham van hpe kinh dien "Cudi t u I n
nao tdi cung dUa chau di mua sach, ehii
ye'u la truyen tranh Sach khac nd khdng
thfch LiTa tudi nd dpc sach truyen la may
rdi, dd di chdi game, hu hdng" (Phdng
van mdt ddc gia nU, 37 tudi) Tdn trpng
sd thfeh eua tre em, nhung chiing ta
khdng the tha ndi viee dpe sach Bdi
nhtfng cud'n sach dpc khdng cd djnh
hudng se ed anh hudng khdng td't tdi suf
phat trien euia tre Thdi gian qua, van de
bao lufc, each an ndi, each img xir eiia tre
la van de bao ddng, mdt p h i n tU viec
dpe eiia tre anh hudng tU truyen kie'm
hiep, kinh dj
Tre em d thanh phd ngap tran trong
sach bao du dly, trong khi vdi tre em d
ndng thdn, viing sau vung xa viee dpe
sach trd nen khd khan, bdi sU thie'u thdn,
khan hiem sach "Em di lam sudt ca
ngay, ehi budi tdi danh thdi gian hpe bai,
hpe xong khoang 9 gid la di ngii ludn,
chang ed sach mdi, toan sach cu, dpc
mai chan lam" (Nif, 12 tudi - Tuyen
Quang) Mdt hpe sinh khac tam suf: "Nha
em chang may khi bd me cho tien mua
truyen hay sach, em thudng ra quan
truyen thue ve dpe thdi Thfch dpe gi thi
thue, chuf lay dau tien mua Em ghet dpc
sach cd nhieu chtT, met l i m , va dau d i u
Dpe truyen tranh nhanh va d i hieu "
(Nam, 14 tudi, Phu Thp) Nhu vay ehiing
ta thay cd suf chenh lech kha rd net giifa
cac viing mien trong viee dpe sach 6
thanh phd, viec lufa chpn sach dpc
'- '^1 ^^"itiHinmina
1 ^^^^^^^^^^^1
Anh minh hoa
Anh: H.M phong phu hdn, cdn mien nui thi sach truyen eung it hdn, khan hiem hdn
Van hpe chie'm giif mdt vj tri vd eiing quan trpng trong ddi sd'ng tinh t h i n Ngudi xUa coi trpng "van vd song toan"
de danh gia tai nang mdt eon ngUdi Ngay nay eude sd'ng hien dai cd rat nhieu phUdng tien de ban dpe quan tam: Truyen hinh cap, truyen hinh trufc tuyen, internet cdng nghe cao cap nhat tat ea tin tife, van hoa, kinh t e - xa hdi, tham ehi viee dpe van hpe tren internet da tao nen mdt khdng khf mdi Mdt kenh Van hpe mang da hinh thanh kha sdi ddng, ehi
d n truy cap Internet, ngUdi ta ed the tim thay vd sd truyen, thd,v.v he thd'ng eac tuyen tap cu va mdi Chiing ta khdng phii nhan nhtfng gia trj Uu viet eua van hoa dpc trong thdi dai cdng nghe thdng tin, tham chf, chiing ta d n phai tranh thii khai thac, tan dung Tuy nhien, sach van hpc dd'i vdi mdi ngudi la mdt nhu e l u
dpc, sd thfch va cd y nghTa rieng de hp
nang niu tran trpng "Ope sach van hpe rat thii vj, liie ranh em dpe, dpc xong lai
d t di Dieu thi'ch nhat la minh cd the cam nhan dUde cai hay eua cau chif, giiT gin lau ben dupc" (Phdng van sau, Ma
sd 06) Nhung thUc te, hien nay viee dpc
sach van hpc ngay cang it (Xem bang 1)
Ban dpc tim dpc tac pham van hpe mdi va hap dan ed sU chenh lech kha rd
Trang 3Gia tri diing
Missing
Thudng xuyen Thinh thoang Hiem khi Khdng bao gid Tdng
System Tong cpng
Tan sd
33
67
16
3
119
1
120
Tan suat 27,5 55,8 13,3 2,5 99,2
8 100,0
T/s theo gia tri dung 27,7 56,3 13,4 2,5 100,0
Cpng don 27,7 84,0 97,5 100,0
U mire dp thudng xuyen 33/120 ngudi,
chie'm 27,5%, d mufc dp thinh thoang
la 67/120, chie'm 55,8%, cdn d mifc
dp hiem khi la: 2,5% Nhu vay, viee
tim dpe sach van hpc eiia sinh vien
hien nay ehi dUng lai d mifc dp thinh
thoang Dd la dieu rat dang suy nghT
Van hpe trong nudc va van hpe
nude ngoai giif d mufc dp tUdng dUdng
nhau: Cd 58 ngUdi chpn van hpe trong
nude va 56 ngudi chpn van hpc nUdc
ngoai Tuy nhien, mdt dieu dac biet
vdi van hpe trong nude chii ye'u la eae
tae gia - tae pham quen thudc (Nam
Cao, Ngd Tat Td, Xuan Dieu ), mdt
sd it ban sinh vien chpn dpe eac tac
pham van hpc tre (Do Hoang Dieu,
Nguyin Huy Thiep, Nguyin Thu Trang,
Vi Thuy Linh, ), do dac thii ve trudng va
nganh hpe Nghien eifu va chuyen ve ly
luan phe binh nen da sd cae ban sinh
vien tim dpe vdi mue dfeh hpe tap nghien
cufu la chii ye'u edn mue dfeh dpe theo sd
thfeh va dpc de giai trf thi rat ft Vdi van
hpe nude ngoai, cac ban sinh vien
thudng quan tam tdi tac pham van hpc
kinh dien ciia the gidi nhU: W
Shakespeare, O de Balzac, V Hugo,
Lo Tan, Quynh Dao, A X Puskin, L
Tdnxtdi, Ve mdt mat nao dd, van hpe
the gidi trong thdi ky hien dai ehua gay
dugc mdt an tupng gi sau s l e dd'i vdi eae
ban sinh vien: Qua bieu sd 2, chiing ta
Bang 1: Mufc do doc sach van hoc
cd the hieu them van de nay:
Bieu do
, van hoc trong nU6c
a van hpc nUdc ngoai
o Missing
48,3%
46,7%
Lua chpn dpe tac pham van hpc la mdt nhu d u cd khi la mdt sd thfch mdt thdi quen rieng "Van hpe Viet Nam vdi eac tae gia quen thudc sau bao nhieu nam v i n dupe ban dpe ddn nhan, cdn van hpe hien nay ehi mang tinh chat giai tri ma thdi" (Phdng van sau, N l ) "Van hpe nude ngoai hay va hap d i n tU ndi dung de'n hinh thife Tui minh rat thfeh, edn van hpc ngay nay dpc xong rdi quen ngay, dpc cud'n sau thi quen mat cud'n
trudc", (Phdng van sau, N2)(Xem bang 2)
Day la nhung eon sd sat vdi thufc te, vl
theo quan sat d trUdng, Idp hpc va thu vien thi da so sinh vien chi dpe tieu thuyet, truyen n g l n thd la chu ye'u cdn the ky va phe binh ly luan it dUde sinh
86
Trang 4Tieu
thuyet
Thd
Phe
binh ly
luan
Truyen
ngan
The ky
CO
khong
CO
khong
CO
khong
CO
khong
CO
khong
Tong
Ban tim doc tac pham mdi va hap d i n
Thudng xuyen
Tan
sd
27
6
10
23
8
25
23
10
1
32
33
Tan suat 81,8%
18,2%
30,3%
69,7%
24,2%
75,8%
69,7%
30,3%
3,0%
97,0%
100,0%
Thinh thoang Tan
so
57
10
19
48
14
53
46
21
2
65
67
Tan suat
8 5 , 1 % 14,9%
28,4%
71,6%
20,9%
7 9 , 1 % 68,7%
31,3%
3,0%
97,0%
100,0%
Hiem khi Tan
sd
7
9
3
13
1
15
13
3
2
14
16
Tan suat 43,8%
56,3%
18,8%
81,3%
6,3%
93,8%
81,3%
18,8%
12,5%
87,5%
100,0%
Khong bao gid Tan sd
2
1
1
2
3
2
1
3
3
Tan suat 66,7%
33,3%
33,3%
66,7%
100,0%
66,7%
33,3%
100,0%
100,0%
Tong
Tan
sd
94
26
34
86
23
97
85
35
5
115
120
Tan suat 78,3% 21,7% 28,3% 71,7% 19,2%
80,8% 70,8%
29,2% 4,2% 95,8% 100,0%
Bang 2
vien quan tam Cung bdi sinh vien dpc
sach van hpc vdi If do ehu ye'u la: Oe
nang cao nhan thifc eude sd'ng - tinh
cam (chie'm ty le 89,2%), de giai tri thU
gian sau nhtfng lue cang thing, hudng
con ngUdi tdi chan - thien - my
Theo dieu tra, viee mua sach van hpe
la 88 ngudi, ehiem ty le 73,3% va sd
khdng mua la 31 ngudi, ehiem ty le
25.8% Vay 25,8% ngUdi khdng tim mua
vi nhtfng ly do nao? Ly do chii ye'u la mat
thdi gian, ngai dpc va "sach dat qua
khdng mua dugc" Cdn vdi sinh vien phai
xa nha, cudc sd'ng phu thude suf chu d p
cua gia dinh, cho nen viec mua thudng
xuyen sach van hpe de dpc la rat khd
khan Mat khae, hien nay gia ban sach
van hpe cdn kha cao, ehua phii hdp vdi
till tien ciia sinh vien Trong khi dd sach
danh cho chuyen nganh rat nhieu nen
sinh vien chii yeu mua sach phuc vu eho
viee hpe, nganh hpe eua minh la chfnh
Nhieu sinh vien da tra Idi rat thing than
"Em cung thfeh dpc nhifng cud'n tieu thuyet hay nhUng ky thufc mdi lln mua sach danh phai nhjn an sang ea thang" (Phdng van sau, nif 2), "Gia nhu nha nudc cd mdt gia ufu dai cho sinh vien khi mua sach van hpc thi bpn em se cam giac thoai mai hdn rat nhieu (Hoai Linh, sinh vien nam thir 2) Nhu vay, do khd khan ve tai ehinh, nen da sd sinh vien ed dupe nhtfng cud'n sach chu ye'u tU thu vien, ban be,
Viee mua sach van hpc cd nhieu ly
do Nhieu ngUdi mua sach de suru t i m eho til sach them phong phii, mua sach
de tim hieu nhiTng tac pham mdi va hap din, cho hpp vdi xu the eiia thdi dai, chua cd nhu elu mua de dpc, de phue
vu eho chi'nh nganh hpe eiia minh "Minh
quan tam de'n y nghTa ndi dung eiia tae
pham, nhung eung ed liic chi xem ten tae gia la minh da chpn mua dpe rdi" (Phdng van sau, nam) Da sd sinh vien mong mudn khi dpe sach van hpc se tim
Trang 5tdi dupe sU ddc dao, sang tao trong ngdn
ngif the hien eiia nha van Khi dugc hdi,
cd de'n 87/120 sinh vien lufa chpn tieu ehf
ngdn ngif sang tao eua nha van 82/120
ngudi lufa chpn each xay dung ke't d u
eua tae pham; 74/120 ngUdi lUa chpn
each tao lap trong phong each vie't ciia
nha van Nhtfng con sd nay dat ra mdt
yeu d u dd'i vdi ngudi sang tao van
ehUdng: Nha van phai ludn ddi mdi, tim
tdi trong each vie't, trong ngdn ngif phai
sang tao dpe dao Nha van khdng the
"lan theo" ldi mdn da eu, ma phai "khdi
dugc nhifng ngudn ehUa ai khdi va sang
tao nhtfng gl ehua ed" (Nam Cao), ed
nhu vay, van hpc mdi cd dupe nhifng tae
pham ed gia trj va de lai dau an sau s i c
trong Idng ddc gia va bat tuf vdi thdi gian
Chiing ta hieu vl sao ma hang chuc nam
qua, ban dpe v i n nhic tdi nhifng nha
van d l y ten tudi, nhu Hugo, Balzac, L
Tdnxtdi, M Sdldkhdp, la bdi cae nha
van nay da tao dupc nhifng tac pham in
dau an sau dam trong Idng ban dpc
Ngudi dpc chfnh la ngudi thudng thifc va
quye't dinh suf tdn tai eiia tae pham, gdp
p h i n sang tao de tae pham hap d i n ,
hoan ehinh hdn Theo sd lieu dieu tra, cd
den 90/120 y kie'n ddng y rang, van hpe
d n thue sU ddi mdi ve each viet, ve van
phong, ve each trinh bay in an, ehi ed
12/120 ngudi khdng ddng y va 18/120
khdng ed y kie'n gl Theo dieu tra xa hdi
hpe thi viee dpe sach van hpe giiip sinh
vien: Nang cao van hoa dpc (97/120
ngUdi); Giup con ngudi nhan thirc gia trj
tham my va nhan van cao ea Mat khac
nd cdn giup phat trien tu duy, "thanh Ipe
tam hdn"
2 Nguyen nhan dan de'n tinh hinh
van hoa doc hien tai
Thuc trang van hoa dpe hien nay ed
nhiTng van de dang lo ngai, nhat la vdi
gidi tre, hpe sinh, sinh vien Vay dau la
nguyen nhan d i n de'n thue trang lo ngai
trong van hoa dpe hien nay?
Su phat trien ciia phUdng tien truyen thdng: ti vi, Internet, djch vu dien thoai lam giam viec dpc sach, tim hieu thdng tin qua sach bao
Gia dinh, nha't la eha me ehUa quan
tam, ehUa chpn lUa dugc nhiTng sach hay eho tre, ehUa tao dung dugc mdt thdi
quen dpe nghiem tue
O nha trudng, p h i n Idn t h I y cd giao day nhifng tae pham trong chUdng trinh, ehua ed djnh hudng rd eho tre Cdn tha ndi viee dpe, ehua xay dung dUde phong trao dpe trong mdi trudng sU pham Rat nhieu ly do t h I y ed dUa ra: do thdi gian len Idp ft, day bai trong ehUdng trinh he't gid nen khdng edn thdi gian quan tam xem hpc sinh can dpc gl
Nguyen nhan niTa la eae tae gia, nha van vie't cho thie'u nhi ngay cang ft Mang sang tae danh eho tre em khdng edn vj tri thfeh dang Cae tac gia khdng khai thac dupe de tai hap d i n Ne'u trUde day,
eae tae pham De men phieu luu ky (Td Hoai) thd TrIn Dang Khoa, Tim me La
cd theu sau chd vang (Nguyin Huy
Tudng), Cai Tet eCta meo eon (Nguyin
Dinh Thi) rat hap dan ban nhd thi ngay nay, eae tac pham truyen tranh nude ngoai ehiem ITnh thj trudng va ca thj hie'u eiia ban dpc nhd tudi Sach dpe Viet Nam khdng the t h i n g the va hap d i n
Cd chang la Kfnh Van hoa (Nhat Anh) rd len mdt thdi gian rdi yen lang, rdi bao Hoa hpe trd, bao Thieu nien eung ehua hoan toan chie'm giu tron ven tam hdn gidi tre
Nguyen nhan eudi eung dd la tU eae nha xuat ban Trong ed ehe thj trudng hien nay, nha xuat ban tu hach toan kinh doanh, khdng it "nha" chay theo thj hie'u
Hp xuat ban sach eho phu hpp vdi thj hie'u gidi tre: d i lam, d i ban, d i thu hdi vd'n, d i kie'm Ipi nhuan, ma khdng quan tam tdi ndi dung, su anh hudng td't - xau tdi gidi tre
m
Trang 63 Giai phap nao cho van hoa dpc
hien nay?
Theo PGS TS Pham Van Tinh (Vien
Ngdn nguf hpe): "Cin mdt giai phap
mang tim vT md tU phia Nha nude, d n
ke't hpp nhieu chieu, ddng bd giifa eae
d p cac nganh" TrUdc he't can tim hieu
xem hpe sinh - sinh vien d n gl trong
sach Tie'p theo d n cd mdt sU hudng din
dpc dung dan tU gia dinh, sU quan tam,
theo ddi, thai dp eiia bd me Phfa nha
trudng thIy ed d n chia se va hudng hpe
sinh vao each dpc lanh manh, da dang
va phong phii
Ve phia tac gia? Rat d n nhtfng sU
sang tao diu tu va dot pha trong sang
tae ve ea ndi dung va hinh thufc Cin cd
tae gia tam huyet khi sang tao, nhat la vdi
tae pham van ehUdng thu hiit ddc gia
Cac Cd sd quan ly trang thdng tin mang,
bang dTa hinh, sach bao can thd'ng nhlt
trong phUdng thife quan ly: Bd Giao due
& Dao tao, Bd Van hoa The thao va Du
Ijch nen cd suf ke't hpp quan ly va ehi
dao de ed nhtfng trang sach, trang tin
hap dan nhan van va chan thufc
Giai phap cudi cimg kha quan trpng
dd la phfa nha xuat ban Dpi ngu bien tap
vien d cae nha xuat ban hien nay, dae
biet la dpi ngu bien tap vien sach thie'u
nhi, nhifng "con mit xanh" danh gia dupc
nhifng tac pham van hpe hay d n dugc
quan triet sau sac ve vai trd eua mpi
ifchonj va duyet sach Cin tap trung xuat
ban eac sach thude tii sach truyen thd'ng,
sach van hpe va ea truyen tranh (truyen
tranh hay, bd leh ed tfnh giao due eao)
Can cd khau marketing hdp ly, td chifc
gidi thieu va quang ba sach nhu ngay hdi
sach, thi ke chuyen, thi sang tae de cd
vu eho phong trao dpc sach Cd nhu vay
mdi tao nen mdt khdng khi van hoa dpe
lanh manh va bd fch cho mpi dd'i tupng
Cho dii xa hdi phat trien de'n dau thi
viee dpc sach vin dupe dac biet coi
trpng, dd la nhu eau tinh thin eIn thie't
Vdi cac ban sinh vien (va ban dpe ndi ehung), viec dpc sach da trd thanh nhu clu, bdn phan va trach nhiem, giiip ehung ta ed each nhin eude sd'ng toan dien hdn, nhan van hdn Mat khac, dpe sach cdn la viec tuf khing djnh minh, phat trien tu duy, trau ddi them vdn sd'ng, ndi nhu Gorki: "Van chUdng se lam cudc sd'ng cae ban bdt khd khan Nd se than
ai vdi cac ban, giup eae ban hieu dupc y
nghTa, tinh cam va phifc tap ciia eude sd'ng vdi tat ea suf phufe tap va sdi ndi Nd
se day eho ban bie't each kfnh trpng eon ngUdi, tdn trpng ehinh ban than minh Nd
se dem de'n eho cac ban tinh yeu thUdng the gidi, yeu thUdng con ngudi, chap canh eho tri tue va trai tim cae ban" Vdi tac dung cao dep dd, ngay nay van hoa dpe cd nhieu tfn hieu dang mUng khac hin vdi sU lo ngai cua nhieu ngudi, eho ring "van hoa dpc eiia nude ta dang bj khiing hoang" Cae cud'n Nhat ky Dang Thuy Tram, Le Van - Yeu va Sd'ng, Mai mai tudi hai mUdi, da dUde ddng dao ban dpe ddn nhan Ne'u nhu lam mdt phep so sanh tUdng dd'i thi van hoa dpe
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d p nganh, nhat la trong ed ehe kinh te thj trudng de ed phUdng hudng xult ban sach mdt each ddng bd, chpn Ipe gdp phin cd xuy va gin giif suf nghiep van hoa doe d Viet Nam