OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY 1
Rationale 1
English has emerged as the global language of trade, science, and international media, making it essential for communication worldwide Approximately 75% of global communication is conducted in English, which is spoken in over 100 countries, emphasizing the need for fluency in this language, particularly in cross-border business contexts Consequently, English is a mandatory subject in many educational institutions, including Thuongmai University, where students in the Faculty of English are trained in listening, writing, reading, and speaking from their first year Vocabulary plays a crucial role in learning English, serving as the foundation for developing these essential skills However, many first-year students at Thuongmai University struggle with mastering English due to limited vocabulary, facing challenges in understanding word meanings, using words correctly in context, and issues with pronunciation and spelling This situation presents a challenge for both students and teachers, highlighting the need to address vocabulary learning difficulties and implement effective strategies to enhance students' mastery of English vocabulary and overall language skills.
I hope that this study can investigate vocabulary learning problems faced by many English learners, especially first year students in Faculty of English at Thuong Mai University so that it can help them to overcome difficulties and find effective ways to succeed in mastering English vocabulary Moreover, from this study, I think that it also will help teachers and managers a lot to transmit knowledge to students and lead them to the lessons in professional ways.
Previous studies 2
Vocabulary acquisition poses a significant challenge for language learners and educators globally Consequently, numerous studies have been undertaken to explore these issues and identify effective strategies for improvement.
First, in the study “A Study on Vocabulary-Learning Problems Encountered by
BA English Majors at the University Level of Education”, Arab World English
Journal (2019) investigated the problems faced by PSAU English majors students at the university level and suggested strategies to overcome the potential problems The result of this study showed some common difficulties including “ Learning Meaning of New Vocabulary” ( 59.6 % agree) , “ Using New Vocabulary in Speaking or Writing” ( 57.8 % agree) , “ Pronouncing New Vocabulary” ( 55.4% agree), “Spelling New Vocabulary” ( 69.8% agree), “Memorizing New Vocabulary” ( 68.9 % agree),
“Recognizing New Words” ( 57.6 % agree), “Learning Meaning of Technical Terms” ( 64.7% agree), “Learning Cultural-Specific Vocabulary” ( 63.9% agree),
“Understanding Compound-word Meaning” ( 53.3% agree), “Learning Homophones” ( 55.2% agree), “Multiple-meaning Words” ( 54.3% agree) Based on the results, the study has discussed some of the strategies to minimize the problems and enhance the students’ vocabulary knowledge
In the same line, in the case study “Case Study on Students’ Difficulties in
Vocabulary Mastery at SMPN 1 Kebonsari Madiun in Academic Year 2017/2018.”,
Karimatul Aristya (2019) collected data from the students of the first semester of the English Education Department at IAIN who took vocabulary class by questionnaire and interview The findings showed that the students faced several problems in vocabulary learning Almost all of the students find difficulties in pronouncing the
3 words, writing and spelling, the different grammatical forms of a word known, choosing the appropriate meaning, using the word based on the context, using idiomatic words Moreover, he also found some possible causes relating to these difficulties which are the difference between the written form and the spoken form in English, the large number of words, the limitations of sources of information about words,the complexity of word knowledge, lacking of understanding of grammar of the words, the incorrect pronunciation
Also, to know the difficulties of the students in vocabulary mastery, the study “
A Study on Students’ Difficulties In Vocabulary Mastery at First Grade Students of SMPN 1 Baula” was conducted Based on the results of research, namely spelling the word, word meaning, and word pronunciation are common difficulties which students faced
Research on vocabulary learning difficulties among students indicates that the most prevalent issues include challenges with pronunciation, spelling, meaning, and usage.
Learning vocabulary is one of the most popular problems faced by students in Viet Nam Therefore, there are many studies on this problem, for example, the study
“ Difficulties in teaching and learning specific English vocabulary of nursing profession major at Thai Nguyen Medical College and some suggested solutions” In this study , Hoang Thi Thu Hoai ( 2018) found some difficulties in teaching and learning English vocabulary like teachers’ teaching method, size of class, number of vocabulary, pronunciation, spelling, lack of knowledge, so on However, there hasn’t been any research so far which goes deeply into analyzing difficulties in learning English vocabulary of English major students Most studies just only mentioned common difficulties faced by general learners However, few studies have been done to look at the problems faced by English major students Therefore, there is a need for further research to examine some common vocabulary learning problems that could be faced by English major students With this purpose, the present study was conducted to investigate common difficulties faced by the first year students in the Faculty of English at Thuongmai University Besides, it is hoped to give some
4 suggested solutions to help students and teachers study and teach English vocabulary effectively
Aims of the study 4
This study aims to assist first-year students at Thuongmai University's Faculty of English, along with other learners, in overcoming challenges associated with English vocabulary acquisition The primary objectives are to identify effective strategies for mastering English vocabulary and to enhance the overall learning experience for students.
● To investigate the learning- vocabulary difficulties faced by the first year students in Faculty of English at Thuongmai University
● To look for possible causes of these problems
● To recommend some possible strategies and some effective solutions that can minimize these difficulties for learners as well as teachers and managers at Thuongmai University
Research Subjects 4
The focus of this study is to investigate and analyze the most common difficulties in learning English vocabulary faced by the first- year students who study English at the Faculty of English at Thuongmai University
This study employed interviews and questionnaire surveys targeting first-year students at Thuongmai University's Faculty of English The findings aim to assist not only the students but also educators and administrators in devising effective methods and strategies for teaching and learning English vocabulary.
Scope of the study 4
This study focuses on the challenges first-year students at Thuongmai University encounter while learning English vocabulary, due to constraints in time, knowledge, and the scope of a minor thesis The aim is to identify these difficulties and propose effective solutions to help students overcome them This research is expected to benefit not only first-year English students at Thuongmai University but also all English learners aspiring to enhance their vocabulary skills.
Research methodology 5
To select and gather information, there are several research methods techniques were used which includes some techniques as follows:
This study employs material collection through reference literature, books, and previous research to address English vocabulary learning challenges This approach enables the gathering of valuable and relevant information on the subject.
A questionnaire survey was conducted among first-year students in the Faculty of English at Thuongmai University to identify their challenges in learning English vocabulary and the primary causes of these difficulties This survey utilized written instruments that presented participants with a series of questions and statements, allowing them to respond by either writing their answers or selecting from provided options.
An interview was conducted as a research technique involving five first-year students from the Faculty of English at Thuongmai University This method aimed to gather data through open-ended questions, allowing for a deeper understanding of the students' challenges in learning English vocabulary, potential causes of these difficulties, and their suggestions for improvement The insights gained from the interviews, detailed in Appendix 2, provide valuable information regarding the vocabulary learning experiences of these students.
− The feeling of first year students about learning English vocabulary
− The difficulties students face in learning English vocabulary
− Possible causes make students feel difficult in learning vocabulary
− Some suggested solutions to help students overcome difficulties in learning vocabulary
− Some recommendations for teachers and managers to help students and give more effective lessons in learning vocabulary
After conducting questionnaire survey and interview, the data which is collected will be analyzed to draw conclusion
Organization of the study 6
My graduation paper has four chapters as following:
Chapter 1: Overview of the study
This study provides a comprehensive overview, detailing the rationale behind the research, a review of previous studies, and the specific aims of the investigation It outlines the research subjects involved, defines the scope of the study, and describes the research methodology employed Additionally, the organization of the study is presented to guide readers through the research process and findings.
LITERATURE REVIEW 7
Definition of vocabulary 7
Mastering vocabulary is essential for language learners, making it crucial to gain a deep understanding of its definition Vocabulary can be defined in various ways, reflecting different perspectives on its significance and role in language acquisition.
In the book "The Making of Smart Towel to Learn English Vocabulary for Elementary School Students" (Vol 2, 2017), vocabulary is defined as the collection of words utilized by individuals or specific groups, as well as an alphabetical list of words pertaining to a language, author, or field of study, complete with definitions.
According Linse ( 2005: 121), “ Vocabulary is the collection of words that an individual knows”
According to Hatch and Brown (1995), vocabulary encompasses the collection of words that language users employ A lack of understanding of word meanings can hinder learners' comprehension of both written and spoken language, significantly impacting their educational experience.
The other definition of vocabulary states from Richards and Renandya ( 2002:
Vocabulary is essential for language proficiency, influencing how learners communicate through speaking, listening, and writing A limited vocabulary can hinder learners from reaching their potential and discourage them from engaging in valuable language learning opportunities, such as listening to the radio, conversing with native speakers, utilizing language in various contexts, and consuming media like reading or watching television.
Vocabulary refers to a collection of words that serve as a fundamental component of language skills It encompasses various features, including meaning, usage, and form, highlighting its essential role in effective communication.
The importance of vocabulary 8
Vocabulary is a crucial component in the process of learning a foreign language, as emphasized by researchers and experts in the field David Wilkins, in his book "Teaching Languages to Young Learners," highlights that while grammar is important, vocabulary is essential for effective communication, stating, "Without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed." Furthermore, Heubener notes that vocabulary learning involves forming specific habits through the association of symbols and meanings, indicating that enriching the meaning of words is as vital as their repetition Overall, the acquisition of vocabulary is fundamental for successful second language use and is integral to constructing coherent spoken and written communication.
In summary, no matter what level your English is, the more words you know, the easier it will be to express your thoughts and ideas.
Aspects of knowing a word 8
Understanding the concept of words is a complex cognitive process that requires a comprehensive approach to teaching and learning English vocabulary To effectively grasp a word, one must recognize its various aspects of knowledge According to vocabulary acquisition expert Nation, knowing a word entails understanding its form, meaning, and usage.
According to Nation (2001), understanding a word encompasses its spoken and written forms, as well as its components A solid grasp of phonics, word rearrangement, and spelling lays the groundwork for deciphering word meanings and applying them in various contexts Comprehending the spoken form involves recognizing and clearly pronouncing words during communication In contrast, knowing the written form requires the ability to identify words while reading and spell them correctly in writing Additionally, familiarity with word parts, including prefixes, suffixes, and stems, aids in decoding meanings, as knowledge of these components enhances understanding of a word's family and its overall significance.
Understanding a word involves connecting its form and meaning, as well as its associated concepts and referents (Nation, 2001) It is essential for learners to grasp both the form and meaning of words, as each word carries a fundamental concept but can also have multiple interpretations based on context Additionally, Richards (1976) emphasizes that "words do not exist in isolation," highlighting the importance of word associations in language comprehension When a student encounters a word, related, similar, or opposite words often come to mind, showcasing the interconnectedness of vocabulary in our mental lexicon.
According to Nation ( 2001), knowing how to use a word involves knowing the word's grammatical functions, collocations and being aware of constraints on use
Grammatical function encompasses word classes and the various grammatical patterns a word can fit into, along with constraints such as register and frequency High-frequency words are encountered more often in speech and writing, making them easier to recognize and remember compared to low-frequency words Therefore, understanding a term's usage also involves recognizing its limitations.
Factors affecting vocabulary learning 10
The ease or difficulty of vocabulary learning is influenced by various factors, as highlighted by several research studies Schmitt and MacCarthy (1997:143-153) identify key elements that impact this learning process.
Numerous studies indicate that students' vocabulary acquisition can significantly impact their ability to recognize sounds in a foreign language Challenges may arise from individual phonemes, phoneme clusters, and suprasegmental features Generally, students experience fewer difficulties learning a new language when its phonemic system closely resembles their own.
The learnability of a word is significantly affected by the relationship between its pronunciation and spelling, particularly in English, where the written form often offers little guidance on how to pronounce it Beyond grasping the pronunciation and meaning of new vocabulary, learners must also familiarize themselves with an unfamiliar alphabet.
Research by Gerganov and Taseva (1982) indicates that longer words are harder to remember, with English learners recalling one-syllable words more quickly than multi-syllable options Words like "unavailability" and "incomprehensible" exemplify this challenge, highlighting the importance of simplicity in language for effective learning and retention.
10 examples of big words that contain numerous recognizable morphemes As a result, word acquisition is also influenced by the length factor
The presence of multiple variants of a word can complicate language learning, introducing challenges like plural and tense irregularities, as well as the gender of inanimate nouns Familiarity with English affixes can significantly aid students in breaking down and constructing words However, understanding affixes alone does not guarantee accurate comprehension of a word's meaning, as learners might mistakenly believe that the meaning of a word is simply the sum of its individual morphemes.
Research indicates that certain grammatical categories present more challenges than others for learners Nouns are generally the easiest to grasp, followed by verbs and adjectives, while adverbs tend to be the most difficult Interestingly, foreign learners may find mastering these elements easier due to English's lack of inflectional complexity, as nouns typically only change for plural or opposite forms in specific cases Additionally, class conversion, a frequent phenomenon in English, can complicate word comprehension and learning, especially concerning verbs.
- Semantic feature of the word
The following semantic features have been recognized as potentially interfering with the learning process and making it more difficult:
Due to the more complicated structure of abstract nouns, it is commonly considered that they are more difficult to master than concrete nouns
Foreign learners have a tendency to employ broad phrases that can be applied to a variety of situations, sometimes even overgeneralizing and neglecting register and collocational constraints
Idiomatic expressions are particularly peculiar to a language, and their meaning cannot be deduced just by looking at its parts
Comprehension difficulties often arise from words with multiple meanings, leading learners to struggle in distinguishing between the various interpretations of a single term, which can hinder their ability to utilize all meanings effectively.
Moreover, Robert Lado (1955) also said that the forms , meaning distribution and classification of word differences could be effects which contribute to vocabulary learning and teaching problems
Learning motivation is crucial for acquiring English vocabulary, as it significantly influences learners' attention levels, their approach to completing assignments, and their overall sense of achievement.
Difficulties in vocabulary learning 12
Vocabulary acquisition is often one of the most complex aspects of learning English for students Effective vocabulary learning relies heavily on both the teacher's understanding of word challenges and the student's awareness of them Research has identified several common difficulties learners face, including issues related to pronunciation, spelling, word length and complexity, grammar, and meaning, as noted by Scott Thornbury (2007).
Words that are difficult to pronounce are more difficult to learn, according to research
Differences between pronunciation and spelling often lead to errors, complicating the learning of certain terms Although English spelling is generally consistent, there are notable exceptions, particularly with words that contain silent letters, such as "island," "hour," and "honest."
Longer words are generally harder to learn and remember simply because long words can have several morphemes Furthermore, words which are complex like
12 compound nouns or phrasal verbs are also notoriously difficult for learners of English
Understanding the correct grammar usage of verbs such as "want," "love," and "arrange" can be challenging, particularly in determining whether to follow them with an infinitive (e.g., "to go") or an -ing form (e.g., "going") Additionally, mastering the past forms of verbs like "speak" and "take" further complicates this aspect of English grammar.
Students struggled to understand the meanings of new words, stating that unfamiliar terminology hindered their ability to translate and comprehend their discussions Additionally, overlapping meanings among words led to further confusion for learners (Thornbury, 2004).
Words that are versatile and can be used in various contexts are often easier to understand than synonyms with limited applications Additionally, collocations can present challenges for learners Idiomatic expressions, such as "butterflies in my stomach" or "once in a blue moon," tend to be more difficult to grasp compared to transparent terms like "nervous" or "rarely."
Gower, Philips, and Walter highlight that students encounter challenges in vocabulary learning, particularly in the appropriate use of words Understanding when to use specific words and expressions is essential, as some are suitable only for particular contexts Additionally, learners must grasp the distinction between informal and formal styles to enhance their language proficiency effectively.
RESEARCH FINDINGS 13
Current situation of learning English vocabulary of the first year students in
Vocabulary is an important aspect in learning English Therefore, at any level of English learners , they have to learn English vocabulary first to master other skills
At Thuongmai University, first-year students in the Faculty of English come from diverse English proficiency backgrounds A study involving 110 participants, aged 19 to 20, revealed that a significant majority (61.8%) have studied English for 9 to 12 years, while 23.6% have over 12 years of experience Only a small percentage have learned English for 3 to 6 years, indicating that these students have been exposed to the language from a young age.
Chart 3.1: The students’ opinion about the importance of learning English vocabulary
A recent pie chart reveals that first-year students recognize the significance of vocabulary in learning English An impressive 49% of students completely agree, while 36% also acknowledge its importance Only 3% of students express disagreement, and notably, none consider vocabulary acquisition to be unimportant This data underscores a strong consensus among students regarding the essential role of vocabulary in their English learning journey.
Do you think learning English Vocabulary is important?
Totally disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Totally agree
Chart 3.2: The amount of time which students spend learning English vocabulary every day
A recent analysis of first-year students at Thuongmai University reveals their daily vocabulary learning habits The data indicates that 39% of students dedicate between 30 minutes to 1 hour to vocabulary study, making this the most common timeframe Additionally, 25% of students invest 1 to 2 hours, while 21% spend less than 30 minutes on vocabulary learning A smaller portion of students, however, exceeds 2 hours of study each day This trend suggests that these students recognize the crucial role of vocabulary acquisition in mastering a foreign language.
A recent survey revealed that 76% of students are enthusiastic about learning English vocabulary, with only one individual expressing disinterest Additionally, over 66% of first-year students at Thuongmai University feel confident in their vocabulary skills, although more than 33% still express dissatisfaction To enhance their vocabulary acquisition, these students employ various methods, with 43% utilizing textbooks and many also engaging with films as a learning resource.
How much time do you spend studying vocabulary every day? less than 30 minutes 30 minutes - 1 hour 1 hour -2 hours more than 2 hours
66%), listening to music, podcast ( 63%), using flashcards ( 58%), writing words repeatedly ( 60%) , reading words repeatedly ( 40%) , using vocabulary apps on smartphone ( 51%), practicing using new words in conversation ( 51%) and making a new word list ( 41%), etc
First-year students at Thuongmai University's Faculty of English possess a strong academic foundation, having studied English for many years They recognize the significance of English vocabulary and dedicate substantial time each day to its acquisition However, despite their efforts, they encounter increasing challenges in their learning journey This research aims to identify the specific difficulties these students face.
3.2 The common difficulties in learning English vocabulary faced by the first year students in Faculty of English at Thuongmai University
This study aimed to investigate the challenges faced by first-year students in learning English at Thuongmai University's Faculty of English, with a focus on identifying potential solutions The research revealed that a significant number of students struggled with various aspects of English, including word pronunciation, spelling, and grammar, as well as understanding connotative words, idiomatic expressions, and words with overlapping meanings The findings of the study, which were gathered through interviews and questionnaires, will be presented in detail in this chapter, providing a comprehensive overview of the difficulties encountered by students in their first year of English studies.
Pronunciation is a crucial sub-skill of speaking that cannot be separated from overall speaking abilities Mastering pronunciation is essential; however, it remains a significant challenge for many English learners, particularly first-year students at Thuongmai University.
Chart 3.3: The percentage of students faced difficulties in learning word pronunciation
The data presented in Chart 3.3 indicates that 65% of participants struggle with pronouncing new words, with 26% expressing total agreement and 39% agreeing to some extent In contrast, only 3% disagreed, while the rest remained neutral An interview with a student highlighted her challenges in vocabulary acquisition, specifically noting that difficult pronunciations hindered her ability to recall words during class discussions, leading to incorrect answers.
- Difficulty in learning word spelling
One of the prevalent challenges encountered by students, particularly first-year students at Thuongmai University's Faculty of English, is spelling Mastering spelling is crucial for developing essential English skills, including reading and writing Despite its importance, many students still struggle with spelling, which can hinder their overall language proficiency.
Chart 3.4: The percentage of students faced difficulties in learning word spelling
A significant 63% of first-year students report difficulties in learning word spelling, as indicated in chart 3.4 In contrast, 29% expressed neutrality on the issue, while only 8% had a negative response One interviewee highlighted the challenge of spelling, noting that the written form often differs from how words are pronounced.
- Difficulty in learning long and complex word
Chart 3.5: The percentage of students faced difficulties in learning long and complex words
A significant challenge in learning long and complex words is highlighted by a questionnaire, where 55% of students agree and 24% completely agree that this issue affects their vocabulary acquisition Only 2% of students disagree with this sentiment An interview with a student revealed that the difficulty increases with the complexity and length of words, particularly when they involve multiple elements such as morphemes, prefixes, and suffixes.
- Difficulty in grammar associated with the words
Chart 3.6: The percentage of students faced difficulties about grammar associated with the words
Chart 3.6 reveals that 72% of participants expressed difficulty with grammar related to word usage, while 24% remained neutral and 2% disagreed; notably, none completely disagreed An interviewee highlighted challenges faced in learning English vocabulary, indicating a prevalent concern among learners regarding grammar complexities.
19 grammar like choosing to-V or V-ing after a verb, learning irregular verbs in the past and so on
- Difficulty in learning connotative words
Connotation plays a crucial role in shaping the message conveyed by a writer or speaker, as it can carry positive, negative, or neutral implications based on historical usage and context Consequently, students often encounter challenges related to understanding and interpreting these nuanced meanings.
Chart 3.7: The percentage of students faced difficulties in learning connotative words
The data presented in Chart 3.7 highlights that connotation poses a significant challenge in learning English vocabulary, with 81% of participants indicating difficulty in mastering connotative words Only 13% remained neutral, while a mere 3% disagreed with the notion that connotative words are difficult to learn, and none completely rejected this idea An interviewed student noted that the emotional associations tied to connotative words complicate her understanding and correct usage of these terms.
- Difficulty in learning words with several meanings
In English, there are some words which may have more than one meaning Thus, it is also considered as a barrier in learning English vocabulary
Chart 3.8: The percentage of students faced difficulties in learning words with several meaning
According to the data gathered from the questionnaire, Chart 3.8 reveals that a significant majority of first-year students at the Faculty of English, Thuongmai University, struggle with the challenge of learning words with multiple meanings Out of 110 surveyed students, 60 expressed total agreement with this difficulty, while 33 agreed and 16 remained neutral.
The factors of difficulties in learning vocabulary faced by the first year
3.3 The major factors causing difficulties in learning English vocabulary faced by the first year students in Faculty of English at Thuongmai University
Research from questionnaires, interviews, and relevant literature has identified several factors that contribute to common challenges in learning English vocabulary.
3.3.1 Pronunciation and spelling of words
A recent survey conducted among first-year students in the Faculty of English revealed that 65% recognize the significant impact of pronunciation and spelling on learning English vocabulary Only 3% consider these factors slightly important, while none of the students deem them unimportant This highlights the crucial role that pronunciation and spelling play in mastering English vocabulary.
Chart 3.10: The influence of pronunciation and spelling of word
Difficulties in pronunciation and spelling often stem from discrepancies between spoken and written forms of words For instance, words with silent letters, such as "hour" and "island," can create challenges for learners in mastering vocabulary.
English learners often face challenges with words that have pronunciations vastly different from their spelling, such as "chaos." This issue is exacerbated by the lack of phonetic similarity between Vietnamese and English Additionally, the discrepancies between sounds and their corresponding spellings contribute to spelling difficulties among students.
Research indicates that while the length of words may not initially appear to impact the vocabulary learning process, it ultimately contributes to challenges in acquiring English vocabulary.
A recent survey revealed that 41% of freshmen in the Faculty of English at Thuongmai University believe that the length of words complicates their English vocabulary learning process, while 26% remain neutral on the issue In contrast, 33% of students indicated that word length has minimal impact on their vocabulary acquisition.
An interviewee noted that high-frequency words are typically shorter and easier to remember, while longer words, with their numerous letters and components, pose a greater challenge for learning.
Chart 3.11: The influence of grammar
Grammar is crucial in learning English, as evidenced by a study at Thuongmai University where 64% of first-year students recognize its importance in the vocabulary acquisition process While 33% remain neutral, only 3% believe grammar is unimportant A significant challenge for students is understanding vocabulary inflections, which are different grammatical forms of a word Additionally, affixation, the process of creating new words by adding prefixes and suffixes, complicates comprehension; for instance, the past simple form of "go" is "went," illustrating how these modifications can alter a word's meaning and class.
The semantic features of words, such as abstractness, specificity, register restriction, idiomaticity, and multiple meanings, play a crucial role in vocabulary acquisition for first-year students at the English Faculty of Thuongmai University These elements significantly influence their understanding and usage of English vocabulary, as illustrated in Chart 3.12.
Chart 3.12: The influence of semantic features of the word
The chart indicates that 87% of students believe semantic features significantly influence their vocabulary learning, while 11% remain neutral and only 2% consider them slightly important Despite their importance, the wide range of meanings associated with these semantic features can create challenges in understanding words, selecting appropriate meanings, and using words in the correct context.
Chart 3.13: The influence of learning motivation
Learning motivation plays a crucial role in mastering English vocabulary, as evidenced by a survey of first-year students at Thuongmai University An overwhelming 84% of students acknowledge the importance of motivation in their vocabulary acquisition, while only 1% disagree The lack of motivation often leads to boredom and a decline in effort when learning and reviewing new words, ultimately creating challenges in their English vocabulary development.
In addition to the previously mentioned causes, interviews with five students revealed that teaching methods significantly contribute to difficulties in learning English vocabulary One student noted that some teachers overwhelm them with an excessive number of new words and structures, leading to a rushed pace to complete lengthy reading passages This time constraint often results in superficial explanations of vocabulary, preventing students from fully grasping word meanings Another student highlighted the lack of engaging activities in lessons, as teachers primarily rely on textbook exercises, which diminishes students' interest in learning English Consequently, the learning experience becomes largely theoretical, hindering effective vocabulary acquisition.
Suggested solutions 29
To address the challenges faced by first-year students in mastering English vocabulary at Thuongmai University, a series of solutions have been proposed for students, teachers, and administrators These recommendations aim to enhance vocabulary acquisition and improve overall language proficiency.
According to the survey, there are 6 methods in learning English vocabulary which first year students in Faculty of English of Thuongmai University believe that
27 they are the most effective including using flashcard, rote memorization, learning words through listening and reading, learning words in sentences and context, studying the synonym, antonym of the words
Besides the following methods above, there are also some other solutions students can apply to learn English vocabulary more effectively
To effectively master English vocabulary, students should consistently memorize and review words using various methods, rather than solely relying on classroom instruction Recognizing the importance of vocabulary acquisition is crucial for developing other English skills, fostering greater motivation and interest in learning This proactive approach not only enhances their English knowledge but also significantly expands their vocabulary.
To enhance their English vocabulary, students should establish clear learning goals and select words that match their proficiency level and interests Additionally, discovering effective study tools such as flashcards and apps can significantly boost their engagement, leading to more efficient vocabulary acquisition.
To enhance their language skills, students should engage in continuous practice through various methods, such as studying and writing about their daily experiences or communicating with others to incorporate new vocabulary The more frequently they use these words, the better they will remember and apply them correctly in different contexts.
Lastly, students should create a learning environment by creating an inspiring and study-friendly environment, reading and listening to English as much as possible, etc
Teachers also have a great impact in students’ learning vocabulary process Therefore, this study also brings some suggestions for other English teachers concerning the teaching of vocabulary
To enhance vocabulary learning and make it more enjoyable, teachers should provide students with chalk to facilitate engagement By stepping into their students' shoes, educators can better understand their needs and create a more effective learning environment.
28 based on students’ difficulties and needs, teachers should select and apply appropriate teaching techniques and methods so that they can help students build up English vocabulary
English teachers at Thuongmai University should actively promote the frequent expansion of students' English vocabulary by gently correcting mistakes, inquiring about the challenges they encounter, and providing timely, constructive advice.
To enhance student engagement in vocabulary development, teachers should implement creative and effective activities such as sorting, word races, and mind mapping Additionally, demonstrating word meanings visually and encouraging students to use the words in context through sentence examples can significantly improve their understanding and retention of vocabulary.
Teachers should incorporate brief review activities into novel unit lesson plans to enhance students' vocabulary retention This approach allows students to practice and revisit words, leading to more effective memorization.
Lastly, English teachers should be trained to have adequate knowledge of how to identify students’ difficulties and what teaching strategies they should apply to achieve effective teaching
To help the first year students in Faculty of English at Thuongmai University to study vocabulary more effectively, there are some suggested solutions for managers as follows:
To enhance effective learning, it is crucial for schools to invest in facilities, particularly in their libraries School managers should prioritize purchasing additional books focused on English vocabulary and relevant documents to aid students in their language acquisition Furthermore, upgrading audio resources, such as installing earphones and loudspeakers, will enable students to directly engage with native speakers, thereby improving their listening skills and vocabulary over time.
Limitations of the study 32
While the findings of this study are significant, it is important to acknowledge certain limitations that may impact the interpretation of the empirical results Future research should aim to address these major limitations to enhance the validity and applicability of the findings.
The study specifically examined the challenges faced by first-year students at Thuongmai University during the 2021-2022 academic year in learning English vocabulary However, the limited sample size restricts the ability to generalize the findings, which may not adequately represent the diverse opinions and preferences of students across different contexts.
Second, the sample size of the participants is too small And any small-scale study has its own set of constraints Therefore, there is no way to investigate every
This study explores 30 facets of language, highlighting key linguistic topics while noting that additional areas require empirical examination Furthermore, data collection has been adapted due to the Covid-19 pandemic, which enforces strict social distancing measures Consequently, information gathering will rely solely on online surveys and interviews.
Last but not least, the questionnaire has some faults in terms of design Although
In my research, I focused on differentiating between "opinions" and "facts," presenting all numerical data as percentages Additionally, the findings from the student interviews and surveys revealed a predominantly mechanical response.
Suggestions for further study 32
For individuals looking to identify challenges in mastering English vocabulary, it is recommended to conduct a cross-sectional study The difficulties encountered can vary significantly based on different language proficiency levels and diverse linguistic backgrounds.
One limitation of this study is its small sample size, which suggests that future research should involve a larger group to enhance representativeness and credibility Additionally, this study focused solely on first-year students at the Faculty of English at Thuongmai University To develop effective interventions for challenges in learning English vocabulary, future research should include diverse student groups and consider input from teachers By examining students' difficulties and soliciting teachers' analyses and suggested solutions, the quality of the study can be significantly improved.
Future researchers are encouraged to explore diverse approaches and methodologies to analyze challenges and identify effective strategies in more specific areas.
The study at Thuongmai University highlights the various challenges first-year students face in vocabulary learning, primarily issues with pronunciation, spelling, and the complexity of long words Additionally, students struggle with grammar related to vocabulary, understanding connotative meanings, and mastering idiomatic expressions The research identifies several factors contributing to these difficulties, including pronunciation and spelling challenges, word length, grammatical complexities, semantic features, learning motivation, and teaching methods.
This study aims to enhance the teaching and learning of English vocabulary by helping educators identify the challenges students encounter As a result, targeted remedial lessons and resources can be developed to address these difficulties effectively.
This study may have certain shortcomings and errors, and I welcome feedback and suggestions from others I aspire for my graduation paper to serve as a valuable resource for first-year students in the Faculty of English at Thuongmai University and for other English learners as well.
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12 Methodology in Language Teaching New York : Cambridge University Press Renandya, W.A.,& Richards, J.C (2002)
13 How to Teach Vocabulary Thornbury, S (2002) United Kingdom: Person
14 Wilkins ,D.A.(1972) Linguistics in Language Teaching Australia: Edward Arnold
A survey was conducted to identify the challenges faced by first-year students at the Faculty of English, Thuongmai University, in learning English vocabulary All responses from participants will remain confidential Thank you for your participation in this important survey.
Question 1: How long have you been learning English?
Question 2: Do you think learning English Vocabulary is important?
Question 3: How much time do you spend studying vocabulary every day?
Question 4: What extent do you like learning English vocabulary?
Question 5: What extent are you satisfied with your vocabulary?
Question 6: Which method do you use to learn English vocabulary? ( Multiple choice)
F Using vocabulary app on smartphone
G Practicing using new words in conversation
Question 7: Please rate the influence of the items below in learning English vocabulary according to your level of necessity
5 Very important ã Factors affecting your learning English vocabulary
Pronunciation and spelling of words
Semantic features of the word (
Abstractness, Specificity and register restriction, Idiomaticity, Multiple meanings.)
Question 8: Please rate your level of agreement with the following statements Level of agreement:
I feel difficult in word pronunciation
I feel difficult in word spelling
I feel difficult in learning long words
I feel difficult with grammar associated with the word
I feel difficult in learning connotative words
I feel difficult in learning word with several meanings
I feel difficult in learning idiomatic words
Question 9: In your opinion, what are effective methods for you to learn English vocabulary? (Multiple choice)
D Learning words through listening and reading
I Studying the synonym, autonyms of the word
The amount of time which students spend learning English vocabulary
A recent analysis of first-year students at Thuongmai University reveals their daily vocabulary learning habits The findings indicate that 39% of students dedicate between 30 minutes to 1 hour to vocabulary study, making this the most common time frame Additionally, 25% of students invest 1 to 2 hours, while 21% spend less than 30 minutes on vocabulary learning A smaller group of students exceeds 2 hours of study each day This data suggests that these students recognize the significance of vocabulary acquisition in mastering a foreign language, leading them to prioritize their English vocabulary learning.
A recent survey revealed that 76% of first-year students at Thuongmai University are enthusiastic about learning English vocabulary, with only one student expressing disinterest Additionally, over 66% of these students feel confident in their vocabulary skills, although more than 33% still seek improvement To enhance their vocabulary acquisition, students employ diverse methods, with 43% relying on textbooks and others utilizing films as a resource.
How much time do you spend studying vocabulary every day? less than 30 minutes 30 minutes - 1 hour 1 hour -2 hours more than 2 hours
66%), listening to music, podcast ( 63%), using flashcards ( 58%), writing words repeatedly ( 60%) , reading words repeatedly ( 40%) , using vocabulary apps on smartphone ( 51%), practicing using new words in conversation ( 51%) and making a new word list ( 41%), etc
First-year students at Thuongmai University's Faculty of English possess a strong academic foundation, as nearly all have studied English for several years They recognize the significance of English vocabulary and are motivated to enhance their skills, dedicating substantial time daily to vocabulary acquisition However, despite their efforts, they encounter various challenges in their learning journey The subsequent section of this research will explore the potential difficulties these students face.
3.2 The common difficulties in learning English vocabulary faced by the first year students in Faculty of English at Thuongmai University
This study aimed to identify the challenges faced by first-year students in learning English at the Faculty of English, Thuongmai University, and to propose solutions to these issues Through interviews and questionnaires, it was revealed that students struggled with various aspects of the language, including pronunciation, spelling, complex vocabulary, grammar, connotative meanings, overlapping meanings, idiomatic expressions, and selecting the correct definitions The detailed findings and results of the research will be presented in this chapter in a tabular format.
Pronunciation is a crucial sub-skill of speaking, making it inseparable from overall speaking proficiency Mastering pronunciation is essential, yet it remains a significant challenge for many English learners, particularly first-year students at Thuongmai University.