INTRODUCTION
Overall
Thai Nguyen City, situated in the heart of Thai Nguyen Province, has undergone significant transformation in recent years, driven by new mechanisms that have accelerated the growth of industries, agriculture, trade, and services As urbanization progresses, the population continues to rise, leading to improved living standards and a gradual stabilization of residents' lives.
Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company, originally established as Dap Cau Paper Factory in 1914, specializes in pulp production After being taken over by the revolutionary government in 1945 and relocated to the Viet Bac war zone, the factory moved to Thai Nguyen in 1955 Following several organizational changes, it was officially renamed Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company in 2006 Since then, the company has undergone significant transformations by reorganizing its structure, optimizing workforce balance, and fostering a friendly workplace environment These improvements have enhanced employee living standards, motivating staff towards the sustainable development of the business (Vu Luan 2017).
The Company specializes in manufacturing a variety of paper products, including sewing industry samples, cement wrapping paper (types F10 and F33), and computer paper samples, utilizing advanced technological lines To enhance its competitiveness in both domestic and international markets, the Company has invested over 21 billion VND to install a Krap paper production line, effectively utilizing excess and used paper products Additionally, the investment in the XEO 8 production line allows for the production of high-quality cement wrapping paper, with an output exceeding 15,000 tons per year (Vu Luan 2017).
The Board of Management is committed to enhancing operational efficiency while prioritizing environmental protection through the installation of a German wastewater treatment system with a capacity of 15,000 m³ per year This innovative system eliminates the need for flour cooking, a highly polluting process The company avoids using recycled paper and toxic chemicals, such as acids and sulfur, in its production Wastewater generated during production is collected and treated using flotation technology, which removes harmful impurities and recovers 50% of the pulp for reuse before it undergoes standard biological treatment This process significantly improves the efficiency of environmental pollution treatment.
The project titled "Evaluating Environmental Impacts from Production Activities of Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company" was initiated with the approval of the School Board and the Board of Directors of the Department of Natural Resources and Environment at Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, highlighting the significance of conducting an Environmental Impact Assessment.
Project’s purpose
- Evaluating the current state of the environment in the production area of Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company
- Evaluation of environmental impacts when the company carries out production activities
- Proposing measures to minimize the environmental impact in the paper production process
Project’s demand
- Monitoring data must be objective and correct
- The evaluation analysis must be based on a reliable scientific basis
Project’s goals
- Assessing the status of the environment when the company conducts production activities
The environmental impact assessment process enables company directors to determine if soil, water, and air quality are within permissible pollution limits, ensuring compliance with environmental protection laws.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Scientific basis of the topic
2.1.1 Theoretical basis of the topic
- Meteorological and hydrological data of Thai Nguyen province from
- Socio-economic figures and documents on production activities
- Data, survey, observation and analysis data made by Thai Nguyen Environmental Monitoring Center
2.1.2 Practical basis of the topic
To align with the overall growth of Thai Nguyen province, Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company must carry out an environmental impact assessment of its production activities to effectively reduce environmental pollution.
Legal basis of the topic
- Vietnam has a legal basis for EIA for projects and EIA for economic development activities and territories
- Law on Environmental Protection No 52/2005 QH 11 dated November
- Law on Water Resources No 08/1998 / QH 10 of May 20, 1998;- Law
No 38/2009 / QH12 Law on amending and supplementing a number of articles of Laws relating to capital construction investment;
- Decree No 209/2004 / ND-CP dated December 16, 2004 of the Government on quality management of construction works
- Decree No 49/2008 / ND-CP dated April 18, 2008 of the Government on amending and supplementing a number of articles of Decree No 209/2004 / ND-CP on quality management of construction works
- Decree No 08/2005 / ND-CP dated 24/01/2005 of the Government on construction planning;
- Decree No 12/2009 / ND-CP dated February 12, 2009 of the Government on the management of construction investment projects;
- Decree No 29/2011 / ND-CP dated April 18, 2011 of the Government regulating strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment, environmental protection commitment;
- Decree No 67/2003 / ND-CP of June 13, 2003 of the Government on environmental protection charges for waste water;
- Decree No 04/2007 / ND-CP dated January 8, 2007 of the Government amending and supplementing a number of articles of Decree No 67/2003 / ND-
CP on environmental protection charges for waste water;
- Decree No 59/2007 / ND-CP dated April 9, 2007 of the Government on solid waste management activities;
- Decree No 174/2007 / ND-CP dated 29/11/2007 of the Government on environmental protection fees for solid waste;
- Decree No 149/2004 / ND-CP dated July 27, 2004 of the Government regulating the granting of permits for exploration, exploitation and use of water resources and discharge of wastewater into water sources;
- Decision No 256/2003 / QD-TTg dated December 2, 2003 of the Prime Minister approving the National Environmental Protection Strategy to 2010 and orientations to 2020;
- Decision No 58/2007 / QD-TTg dated May 4, 2007 of the Prime Minister approving the master plan on socio-economic development of Thai Nguyen province by 2020;
- Water Resources Law No 17/2012 / QH13 takes effect from January 1,
2013 issued by the National Assembly
- Decree No 201/2013 / ND - CP dated November 27, 2013 of the Government detailing the implementation of a number of water resources laws
Circular No 27/2014/TT-BTNMT, issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on May 30, 2014, outlines the regulations for the registration of underground water exploitation and lake samples This circular establishes the procedures for obtaining, renewing, adjusting, and reissuing Water Resources licenses, ensuring proper management and sustainable use of water resources.
- Decision No 45/2014 / QD - UBND dated October 7, 2014 of Thai Nguyen People's Committee promulgating regulations on management and protection of water resources in Thai Nguyen province
On June 12, 2014, the Thai Nguyen People's Committee issued Decision No 1162/2014/QD-UBND, which approves the planning for the allocation, management, and protection of surface water resources in Thai Nguyen province, with a vision extending to 2030.
- Internal water supply standards and norms:
+ TCXDVN 33: 2006 / BXD: Water supply - Pipeline network and works, design standards
+ TCVN 4513: 1988: Internal water supply - design standards
- Standards and regulations on wastewater quality and receiving water quality: + QCVN 08-MT: 2015 / BTNMT: National technical regulation on surface water quality
+ QCVN 12-MT: 2015 / BTNMT: National technical regulation on pulp and paper industry wastewater
+ QCVN 40: 2011 / BTNMT: National technical regulation on quality of industrial wastewater
Basic information and documents used to develop the report:
The analysis of wastewater quality at the centralized treatment system reveals critical insights into the discharge point into the Cau River This evaluation focuses on the water quality at the outlet of the company, assessing the impact of the released wastewater on the river's ecosystem The results underscore the importance of monitoring and improving wastewater management practices to ensure the health of the water body receiving the effluent.
+ Detailed environmental protection scheme of Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company
+ EIA report of investment project to expand cement paper production line with capacity of 30,000 tons / year
+ Process of operating the waste water treatment system
+ A description of wastewater treatment technology of Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company
Overview of Environmental Impact Assessment
2.3.1 Definition of Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) involves the systematic analysis, evaluation, and prediction of the environmental effects associated with socio-economic planning and development projects across various sectors, including medical, scientific, technical, cultural, social, security, and defense This process aims to identify potential environmental impacts and propose effective solutions for environmental protection.
While an activity may hold a minor significance at the national level, it can carry substantial importance for an enterprise When micro activities are organized effectively and on a large scale, they can achieve macro-level impact.
Environmental impacts can be both positive and negative, and conducting environmental impact assessments enables decision-makers to select economically and technically viable options in socio-economic development plans.
The Law on Environmental Protection states that an environmental impact assessment involves analyzing and predicting the potential environmental effects of a specific investment project This assessment aims to implement necessary environmental protection measures during the project's execution, as outlined in Article 20 of the Law on Environmental Protection 2005.
2.3.2 Role of Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) serves as a crucial tool in development planning, highlighting the intricate relationship between environmental sustainability and economic growth Rapid development often leads to adverse environmental effects, which can ultimately diminish the quality of living conditions Therefore, it is essential to integrate environmental protection measures into economic growth strategies to mitigate these negative impacts (Le Trinh, 2000).
The rational use of natural resources is crucial for maintaining environmental quality, as its deterioration can significantly hinder regional development and negatively impact socio-economic conditions Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic analytical process that forecasts potential negative effects of projects or policies on the environment while proposing mitigation measures By implementing environmental monitoring and management programs, EIA serves as an essential tool for shaping socio-economic development plans aimed at achieving sustainable development (Le Trinh, 2000).
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a vital tool for managing development activities, addressing potential environmental issues that may arise during operations It ensures that development projects effectively integrate economic, social, and environmental considerations for sustainable growth.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a crucial tool for promoting environmental protection and sustainable development It helps identify the negative impacts of production activities, enabling the implementation of preventive and mitigation measures.
2.3.3 Purpose of Environmental Impact Assessment
EIA reports hold significant legal importance as they detail the findings and processes of environmental impact assessments Serving as the official document, they represent the sole scientific and legal authority on these assessments According to Le Trinh (2000), EIA reports provide a crucial legal foundation for all related decisions and actions.
EIA supports the shaping of a development project, support for decision making, and management tools for development activities, from an environmental protection tool perspective, for sustainable development (Le Trinh, 2000)
2.3.4 Subject of Environmental Impacts Assessment
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) primarily focuses on specific development projects such as hospitals, industrial plants, irrigation systems, hydropower facilities, and infrastructure like roads and bridges Each country tailors its EIA regulations based on unique conditions, project types, sizes, and potential impacts (Pham Ngoc Ho, 2008).
Status of Environmental Impacts Assessment in the country and in the world
2.4.1 Status of Environmental Impacts Assessment in the world
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) originated in the United States in 1969, marking a significant step in policy laws aimed at addressing environmental issues As the world's leading economy, the U.S faces numerous environmental challenges, particularly concerning pollution, making the implementation of EIA policies crucial for sustainable development.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is widely utilized across various countries and territories, highlighting its significance in socio-economic development This process involves predicting the potential impacts of development activities to mitigate adverse effects on the environment, thereby supporting the sustainable development goals of investment projects (Pham Ngoc Chau, 2001).
2.4.2 Status of Environmental Impacts Assessment in the country
In Vietnam, the establishment of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) coincided with a period when the nation was focused on liberation and post-war reconstruction However, from the early 1980s, Vietnamese scientists began engaging with EIA through various conferences and training programs Recognizing the importance of environmental protection, the Vietnamese government facilitated access to EIA for agencies, businesses, and individuals, paving the way for its integration into national policy since the 1980s.
In the early 1980s, a team of Vietnamese scientists led by Prof Le Thac Can visited the East-West Center in Hawaii, USA, to study environmental laws and policies, with a specific focus on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).
With the support of international organizations, numerous Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) courses have been established, attracting both domestic and foreign scientists These training programs aim to cultivate a skilled team of experts well-versed in environmental issues.
Between 1994 and 1998, the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Environment released numerous documents to guide Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) and Integrated Development Units (IDU), leading to a more structured and valuable EIA process.
2.4.3 Status of Environmental Impacts Assessment in Thai Nguyen Province
Since 1995, Thai Nguyen province has been actively preparing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reports, primarily focusing on mineral exploitation and processing facilities, as well as sectors like mechanical engineering and agricultural processing To date, the province has successfully prepared, appraised, and approved over 4,000 EIA reports, which are developed by local advisory agencies and a limited number under central authority.
Some projects have been appraised such as:
Anh Thang iron smelting factory
Investment project on Ilmenite re processing factory
Dong Chuong limestone quarry construction investment project
Project on manufacturing artificial rutile and red iron oxide powder
Investment project on constructing a steel rolling factory with a capacity of 500,000 tons / year
Titan deep processing factory in Dinh Hoa district
Investing in exploiting and processing iron ore at Ki Phu iron mine, Dai
Titanium refining, pigmen and exploration factory to exploit Titanium ore in Lang Cam commune, Dong Dat commune, Phu Luong district
Thai Nguyen iron alloy factory
Invest in Manganese - Iron refining factory in Dai Tu district
Investment project on constructing a complex of factory producing refractory and construction materials
Investment project to expand and increase the capacity of La Hien Cement Plant
Investment in technological innovation of Quan Trieu Cement Plant
Hoang Van Thu paper factory
RESEARCH METHODS
Object and scope of the study
- Studying and evaluating impacts on natural and socio-economic conditions in the area where production is carried out by Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company
- Study the environmental impacts from the production activities of Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company
Environmental impacts and Management of Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company
Place and time
Production area of Hoang Van Thu paper factory Quan Trieu Ward, Thai Nguyen City
- Main data was collected from 01/01/2018 to 31/12/2018
- Weathering data was collected during 2012 to 2018
- Analysing the data collected from documents and conduct the assessment during the internship time: 02/2019 – 08/2019
Contents of the study
- Investigating and studying natural and socio-economic conditions
- Assessing the environmental impact of the Company
- Planning management and environmental monitoring
- Proposing measures to minimize bad impacts, prevention and response to environmental incidents.
Research method
Data collection and processing in hydro-meteorology, socio-economics, and environmental factors within the production area is essential Utilizing various methods and software for statistical analysis, it is crucial to include at least basic descriptive statistics, such as minimum and maximum values, average values, and the count of values exceeding established standards.
Investigate environmental and socio-economic issues based on survey results that the company conducted with local leaders and people in the Company's production area
- Method of field sampling and laboratory analysis:
Directly sampling from the production area include water samples, air and noise observation at production areas
The environmental quality of production areas and their surroundings is assessed through measurements and analyses conducted either in-house at the company's laboratory or by external laboratories This process serves as a foundation for evaluating the company's environmental impact.
- At the sampling location, measure meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and wind direction) at the site
The direct method of emission measurement involves a specific setup, as illustrated in the accompanying diagram This method's equipment consists of a sample input, a pipe, a pre-treatment unit, and a direct measuring device To prevent clogging from condensation, the pipe must be heated, particularly when measuring sulfur dioxide (SO2), where temperatures should exceed 150°C to surpass the acid condensation threshold Self-heating gas ducts are commonly utilized due to their insulating materials or integrated heating elements.
Figure : A flue gas sampling system for continuous measurement
A: Sample input D, D’: Air inlet for calibration
H: Heating source P: Fan / pump suction
Water sampling techniques are essential for ensuring the representativeness of samples based on predetermined purposes Proper storage methods must be employed, as each parameter to be analyzed has specific requirements to minimize discrepancies between field conditions and laboratory results.
Water samples from rivers, lakes, and wastewater reservoirs are typically collected at a depth of 20-50 cm below the surface, ensuring that the samples are taken from the most representative locations.
+ Rinse the sampling device and sample container with the same sample background
To collect water samples effectively, immerse sample bottles directly beneath the water surface at a depth of 25 cm, while avoiding surface water unless specific analyses for grease or lighter liquids are needed.
To ensure accurate analysis of hydrocarbons, phenols, and pesticides, it is essential to completely fill the sample container to eliminate air, then seal and label the sample properly while preserving it according to the specified guidelines.
When assessing water quality, key field parameters to measure include temperature, salinity, transparency, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and conductivity (EC) Additionally, monitoring hydrological and meteorological conditions is essential for comprehensive evaluation.
Analytical methods for determining air quality parameters comply with the instructions of the following standards:
- TCVN 5978: 1995 (ISO 4221: 1980) Air quality Determination of mass concentration of sulfur dioxide in ambient air, Photometric method using thorin
- TCVN 5971: 1995 (ISO 6767: 1990) Ambient air Determine the mass concentration of sulfur dioxide Tetrachloromercurat (TCM) / Pararosanilin method
- TCVN 7726: 2007 (ISO 10498: 2004) Ambient air Determination of sulfur dioxide Ultraviolet fluorescence method
- TCVN 5972: 1995 (ISO 8186: 1989) Ambient air Determine the mass concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) Gas chromatographic method
- TCVN 7725: 2007 (ISO 4224: 2000) Ambient air Determination of carbon monoxide Non-dispersion infrared spectrum measurement method
- TCVN 5067: 1995 Air quality The weight method determines the dust content
- TCVN 9469: 2012 Air quality Determination of dust by beta ray absorption method
Data processing involves a thorough evaluation of the validity of environmental monitoring and analysis data This assessment relies on comprehensive records, including sample collection minutes, field sampling diaries, delivery and receipt logs, measurement results, field analysis documentation, and laboratory analysis records.
QC sample (blank sample, replicate sample, standard sample, )
- Commenting on data: The commenting of data must be made on the basis of results of monitoring, analysis processed, inspected and relevant standards and technical regulations
List of monitoring parameters a / Quick measurement parameters
1 pH, Temperature ( 0 C); conductivity(àS/cm); dissolved oxygen (mg/l); TDS (mg/l), salinity (ppt) b/ Monitoring parameters
1 Air Noise, total suspended particles(TSP), H2S,
2 Exhaust chimney Temperature, flow rate, total dust, H2S, NOx,
3 Production wastewater pH, color temperature, temperature, BOD5, COD, TSS, As, Cd, Pb, Hg
4 Domestic wastewater pH, BOD5, COD, TSS, total N, total P, Coliform
List of monitoring equipment and laboratory analytical equipment
Table 3.3 Monitoring equipment and analytical equipment laboratory
Device to measure temperature, humidity, wind speed
Noise measuring equipment with frequency analysis
Large-capacity gas (dust) sampling device
5 Generator Honda 2.8 KVA USA HG4500 annually
6 YANMAR storage cabinet Japan CRB-1 annually
Multi-indicator water measuring device (WQC -
YSI water field quick measurement device (pH,
3 Color comparator USA UKS 3600 annually
- Methods of sampling, storage and transport of samples
Table 3.4 Methods of sampling, storage and transport of samples
Air quality The weight method determines the dust content
Phonetics Describe, measure and assess environmental noise Part 2: Determination of environmental noise level
Ambient air Determination of mass concentration of sulfur dioxide - Tetraclomercurat (TCM) / Pararosanilin method
Ambient air Determination of mass concentration of nitrogen dioxide - modified GRISS-SALTZMAN method
Internal procedures for guiding CO sampling in the field
National technical regulation on meteorological monitoring
7 H2S Determination of hydrogen sulfide content
Sampling of flue gas emissions
Static source emissions - Determination of mass concentration of dust by manual methods
Static source emissions - Determination of mass of nitrous oxide
Static source emissions - Determine the mass concentration of sulfur dioxide
Method for determining the concentration of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas
Water quality Sampling-instructions for sampling wastewater
TCVN 5999:1995 Water quality Sample Part 3: Guidance on water storage and treatment
TCVN 6663- 3:2008 Water quality - Part 1: Guide to sampling programming and sampling techniques
List of field measurement methods and laboratory analysis:
- Some parameters are measured at the site by a quick field measurement device such as: humidity, wind speed, temperature, atmospheric pressure
- The remaining parameters were sampled, brought to measure, analyzed in the laboratory, applied according to TCVN, ISO, EPA,
I Methods of measuring air samples in the field
II Methods of measuring water samples in the field
Table 3.6 Analytical methods in the laboratory
I Methods of analyzing air samples
Air quality - the weight method determines the dust content
Phonetics Describe, measure and assess environmental noise Part 2:
Determination of environmental noise level
Ambient air Determination of mass concentration of nitrogen dioxide - modified GRISS-SALTZMAN method
Ambient air - determining the mass concentration of sulfur dioxide - tetracloromercurate method
Internal procedures for guiding CO sampling in the field
Determination of hydrogen sulfide content
II Methods of analyzing flue gas samples
Parameter Method Code concentration of dust by EPA method 5
Static source emissions - Determination of mass of nitrous oxide
Static source emissions - Determine the mass concentration of sulfur dioxide
Method for determining the concentration of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas
III Methods of analysis of water samples
Standard Methods for the examination of water & wastewater
Standard Methods for the examination of water & wastewater
Standard Methods for the examination of water & wastewater
- Total Suspended Solids Dried at
Water quality - Check and determine color temperature
Water quality - determination of nitrogen - catalytic digestion after testing with DEVARDA alloy
Determination of total P - Spectrometric method using Ascorbic Acid - APHA 4500 - P, E: 2012
Standard Methods for the examination of water & wastewater
- Membrane Filter Technique For Members Of The Colifrom Group
The sampling process is fully equipped with equipment, facilities and manpower
At the time the monitoring team took a sample of the company from normal production activities
After finishing the monitoring program, the monitoring result report must be made and sent to competent state agencies according to regulations.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Natural socio-economic conditions
Figure 4.1: Geographical location of Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company 4.1.2 Topographic characteristics
The company's production area is located in Group 5, Quan Trieu Ward, Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen Province The Song Cau River, a significant waterway in the region, provides a vital source of water for various activities, including agriculture and industry, benefiting both Thai Nguyen Province and its local economy.
Hoang Van Thu Join Stock Company
The production areas are surrounded by hills and mountains, large and small, with an average height of 30-40m, steep slopes, gradually downstream
From the center of Thai Nguyen city, the production area of Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company is about 10 km
Thai Nguyen City experiences a semi-central midland climate influenced by a tropical monsoon system, characterized by four distinct seasons However, it primarily has two main seasons: the hot, rainy season from April to October, marked by heavy rainfall and prevailing southeast winds, and the cold, dry season from November to March, which sees less rainfall and dominant northeast winds.
Rain serves as a natural cleanser for the environment, effectively purifying the air by removing dust particles and diluting liquid waste While it helps to dissolve certain toxic substances, this process can lead to soil and water pollution as these contaminants settle on the ground.
The region experiences a distinct rainfall pattern divided into two seasons: the rainy season, which spans from May to October, sees a gradual increase in precipitation, peaking in July and August, the months with the most storms Conversely, the dry season, characterized by minimal rainfall, lasts from November to April of the following year.
- Number of rainy days in a year: 150 - 160 days
- The largest average monthly rainfall: 405.3 mm (July)
- The smallest average monthly rainfall: 16.79 mm (December)
- Maximum average rainfall intensity: 80 - 100 mm / hour
Table 4.1: Total rainfall in months of the years
Total rainfall in months Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average
2019 23,1 35,4 80,7 181,5 380,4 232,4 401,2 342,6 NA NA NA NA NA
(Source: Thai Nguyen Meteorological Station) b Air Humidity
Air humidity plays a crucial role in evaluating the environmental impact of a project, directly affecting the dispersion and distribution of pollutants in the atmosphere.
- Annual average relative humidity of air: 80.94%
- The maximum average relative humidity (March): 83.71%
- The lowest average relative humidity (November): 76.14%
Table 4.2: Average air humidity in months of the year
Monthly Average Air Humidity (%) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec TB
2019 80 81 82 82 84 85 87 84 NA NA NA NA NA
(Source: Thai Nguyen Meteorological Station) c Air Temperature
Air temperature plays a crucial role in the dispersion and transformation of air pollutants, while also influencing the evaporation of organic substances These pollutants significantly impact both worker health and the surrounding environment In the project area, the average annual air temperature is a key factor to consider.
+ The highest average temperature of the hottest month: 30.0 0 C (July) + The lowest average temperature of the coldest month: 15,41 0 C (January)
Table 4.3: Monthly average air temperature
Monthly average air temperature ( 0 C) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec TB
(Source: Thai Nguyen Meteorological Station) 4.1.4 Socio-economic characteristics
Thai Nguyen City, situated in the thriving economic region of Thai Nguyen Province alongside Song Cong City and Pho Yen Town, serves as a long-standing industrial hub rich in diverse mineral resources Its favorable climate supports the growth of forest trees, industrial crops, fruit trees, and livestock, enhancing its agricultural potential Additionally, the area boasts significant tourism opportunities, featuring attractions such as Ho Nui Coc, historical and revolutionary sites, and the Thai Nguyen Iron and Steel Park, which is recognized as the birthplace of Vietnam's steel industry.
Thai Nguyen boasts significant potential for agricultural and forestry development, highlighted by its renowned tea regions, which rank second in Vietnam for tea plantation area Additionally, the province is rich in mineral resources, including coal, iron, stone, lime, sand, and gravel, with coal reserves being the second largest in the country, following Quang Ninh.
Thai Nguyen City boasts a diverse array of industrial production facilities, including those focused on mining, metallurgy, mechanical engineering, construction materials, and consumer goods Established in the 1960s, the Thai Nguyen Iron and Steel Zone is notable for its unique steel production from ore, which is currently undergoing significant investment for further development Additionally, the city is home to several large-capacity cement factories With a skilled workforce comprising experienced professionals and graduates from local universities and technical schools, Thai Nguyen is well-equipped to meet the evolving development needs of the region.
In 2018, Thai Nguyen city recorded significant economic growth, with a GDP per capita of VND 37 million, reflecting an increase of VND 7 million since 2010 The city's budget revenue reached VND 960 billion, while the local industrial production value soared to VND 3,015 billion.
+ Situation of electricity and water use
All households now have complete access to the national electricity grid, ensuring a stable power supply However, ongoing investments and upgrades to low-voltage and transfer stations are essential to maintain sufficient power capacity for production in the coming years Additionally, the primary source of water for daily life in the commune is drawn from the underground well system utilized by residents.
Surface water is mainly for agriculture, in addition to a small amount used for industry and livestock
In the region and its surroundings, several mineral exploitation and production units, such as Khanh Hoa Coal Mine and An Khanh Thermal Power Plant, rely on water and wastewater discharge services.
(Thai Nguyen City Socio-Economic Development Report 2015)
4.1.5 System of rivers, streams, canals, ponds and lakes receiving wastewater
Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company operates in a densely populated area characterized by the prominent Cau River and Cong River, which are the main rivers of the province The region is also home to numerous small streams, canals, and lakes Notably, the Khanh Hoa and Nam Tien streams converge into the Tan Long stream, ultimately feeding into the Cau River.
+ Nam Tien stream: is the source to receive wastewater of production units, businesses, households and constructions along the stream
+ Tan Long spring: Receiving Nam Tien spring water then pouring into Song Cau
+ Besides, Phuong Hoang stream: Received from Khanh Hoa coal mine and Tan Long ward residential area and merged with Cau river
The Cau River, the primary river in the Thai Binh river system, spans a total length of 288 kilometers It is fed by the Tan Long and Phuong Hoang streams, along with various other sources.
+ Cau River also is the main source of water for all production activities of Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company
The Cau River serves as a crucial water source for Thai Nguyen city, meeting both its immediate and future water supply requirements Additionally, it functions as the primary recipient of wastewater from Thai Nguyen city, as well as the Luu Xa and Song Cong industrial parks.
4.1.6 Hydrological regime of Cau River
- Characteristics of Song Cau flow
EIA implementation location
The monitoring position at Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company is in Quan Trieu Ward, Thai Nguyen City The Company's borders are as follows:
- The North, the Northwest and the West are adjacent to the residential area of Group 4, Quan Trieu Ward, Thai Nguyen City
- The Southwest, the South and the Southeast adjoining residential area of Group 1 of Quan Trieu Ward, Thai Nguyen City
- The Southeast borders on the hills
- The East borders on Song Cau
Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company is situated in Group 6 of Quan Trieu Ward, approximately 5 km north of the central circle of Thai Nguyen City To reach the company, head towards Quan Trieu Market and take a right onto Lane 505, continuing for an additional 300 meters.
Quan Trieu Ward is a ward-level administrative unit of Thái Nguyên City The ward covers an area of 279.14 hectares, the average population growth rate fluctuates at 0.096%
Introduction about Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company
- Unit in charge of implementation:
Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company
Representative of the unit: Mr Hoang Minh Thong
Place of production: Quan Trieu Ward, Thai Nguyen City
Contact address: Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company
Manufacturing industry: Producing pulp and paper products such as wrinkled paper, wrinkled paperboard, wrapping paper and paperboard
Base type: Joint-stock company
Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company, which originated from the Cau Cau Paper Factory in Bac Ninh Province, transitioned to a joint stock company following its equitization in 2006.
The company produces cement paper with a total capacity of 61,000 tons / year, resolving the dispatch for about 300 jobs
Below is a technology diagram, attached with the Company's waste stream:
Materials Conveyor Hydraulic Press Tank
Figure 4.2: Technology diagram of a production line of 30,000 tons / year
Nails, pins, adhesive tape, sand
Temperature, exhaust gas, noise Boiler chimney
Discharged to Cau river Water
Overview of business activities of Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock
The company has five paper production lines As follows:
+ Line of 15,000 tons / year (also known as the chain IV): The product of the chain is a paper wrapped with cement produced from non-bleached Kraft powder
Hoang Van Thu Paper JSC utilizes an advanced wastewater treatment system, known as the Xeo V line, to manage the collection of waste powder This innovative setup is designed to produce box paper with an impressive capacity of 6,000 tons per year, employing state-of-the-art technology and equipment sourced from China.
+ Duplex line: Capacity of 10,000 tons of products / year (Japanese production lines and technology equipment) is also called the VI line Product of the VI line is cement wrapping paper
Hoang Van Thu Paper JSC, part of Tan Mai Group JSC, has acquired production lines for cement paper with an annual capacity of 30,000 tons These advanced production lines are originally from Europe, enhancing the company's manufacturing capabilities.
Hoang Van Thu Paper JSC specializes in the production of pulp and paper products, including wrinkled paper, wrinkled cardboard, and various packaging solutions made from paper and paperboard The company operates five paper production lines, boasting a total design capacity of 61,000 tons per year.
Line VII and VIII: 2014 - 30,000 tons / year
All five production lines are currently operating stably, with chains IV, V, and VI achieving a capacity of 25,000 tons per year This stability is attributed to both the existing and newly invested lines However, the older lines, particularly chains IV, V, and VI, frequently encounter issues requiring repairs and maintenance due to their long-term operation.
Lines VII and VIII have a maximum design capacity of 30,000 tons / year with a design paper width of 2.6m, but the company only produces finished products with a width of 2.04m (un-finished paper width 2 , 09m), therefore the actual production capacity of the company is about 24,116 tons / year (about 80.4%) As such, the company's total production capacity is as follows:
4.3.3 Demand for raw materials and fuels used for the operation of the company
Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company specializes in the manufacturing and trading of various paper products, including pulp, wrinkled paper, wrinkled paperboard, and paper packaging The company relies on a consistent demand for raw materials and fuels essential for producing these products.
Table 4.4: Quantification of raw and fuel materials for paper production lines
Line VII and VIII Total
Recycling margins of all kinds
3 Coloring substances 2,58 2,08 4,66 Thuận Phát Hưng
Thuận Phát Hưng Co.Ltd
7 Balance tube 36,17 36,17 72,34 Distributors in Thai
9 Acacia tree 4.444 0 4.444 Distributors in Thai
Sawdust, wood pellets for boiler combustion
4.3.4 Sources of waste generation at the company
- Emission gas generated by the operation of transport means
- Dust and exhaust gas arising from boilers, dust generated from the pellet factory is mainly wood dust
* Sources of solid waste generation
Domestic solid waste generated from the operation of workers in the Company is estimated at 50 kg / day, the main ingredients are leftovers, cans, plastic bags
The waste generated from the screening and hydraulic tanks includes pins, impurities, adhesive tape, soil, and sand, which are removed during the sieving process Additionally, boiler slag is produced from the combustion of wood pellets used to heat the boiler, along with fly ash from the boiler itself Other solid waste types consist of packaging materials and chemical containers.
- Other hazardous waste types include oil-cleaning rags, broken fluorescent bulbs, waste oil, waste batteries
Demand for water use at the facility includes:
- Water for daily life: The largest is about 19 m 3 / day
+ The biggest water demand: 2,025 m 3 / day
Flow of waste water from the establishment
- The discharge of daily-life waste water is about 19 m 3 / day and night, after- treatment wastewater is discharged into a common drainage system of the area
- Flow of production wastewater discharge:
+ Average discharge of waste water is about 1,665 m 3 / day
+ Maximum discharge volume is about 1,824 m 3 / day
Post-treatment production wastewater at the centralized treatment system with a capacity of 2,231 m 3 / day will be discharged to Cau river through 01 discharge outlet
Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company sets up an application file for discharge of industrial wastewater and industrial wastewater with the following discharge:
The wastewater generated by the company is mainly industrial wastewater and industrial waste water, a characteristic component of this type of wastewater including: Color, temperature, suspended solids, COD, BOD5,
The Cau River, a significant water source in Thai Nguyen province, holds both economic and ecological importance As outlined in Decision No 1162/QD-UBND, the river is designated for domestic water supply, agricultural irrigation, and industrial production through 2020 and into 2030 Consequently, it is essential that wastewater discharged into the Cau River meets the standards set by QCVN 12-MT to ensure the protection and sustainability of this vital resource.
2015 / BTNMT - National technical regulation on waste water from paper and pulp manufacturing industries, compared with Column B and QCVN 40: 2011 / BTNMT - National technical regulation on industrial wastewater quality, Column B
To effectively manage production wastewater, the Company has invested in a centralized wastewater treatment system with a capacity of 2,231 m³ per day This system utilizes advanced aerobic treatment technology, ensuring that the treated wastewater meets the QCVN 12-MT: 2015/BTNMT Column A standards, achieving a high coefficient of Kq.
= 0.9 Kf = 1.1 and QCVN 40: 2011 / BTNMT - National technical regulation on industrial wastewater quality , Column B, coefficient Kq = 0.9 Kf = 1.0.
Environmental impact assessment of production activities of Hoang Van Thu
4.4.1 The status of the environment in the area of production at sampled time
On December 25, 2018, Hoang Van Thu Paper JSC, in collaboration with The Center for Environmental Monitoring, conducted surveys and collected samples to analyze pollutant concentrations in the air and soil of the production area This assessment aims to establish the environmental status for future environmental impact evaluations and ongoing monitoring programs.
The sampling position as well as the sampling conditions are presented in Table 4.5 as follows:
Table 4.5 List of environmental monitoring locations
Longitude Latitude Describe the monitoring point
At boiler chimney No.1, 2 Purpose: Evaluate the quality of the boiler chimney emissions
At the boiler chimney No 3 Purpose: Evaluate the quality of the boiler chimney emissions
At the pulp crushing area Purpose: Evaluate the impact on air quality due to the operation of the loading area
In the material storage area Purpose: Evaluate the impact on air quality due to the operation of material dump
At the wastewater treatment station area
Purpose: Assessing the impact on air quality due to the operation of the wastewater treatment plant
At the production line area Purpose: Evaluate the impact on
Longitude Latitude Describe the monitoring point air quality due to the operation of paper area
At the boiler area Purpose: Evaluate the impact on air quality due to boiler operation
In the office area Purpose: Evaluate the impact of production activities on air quality in the office area
At the sewage outlet after the treatment system
Purpose: Evaluate the quality of waste water after treatment to the environment
At the outlet of domestic wastewater discharged into the environment Purpose: Evaluate the quality of domestic wastewater after treatment
The sampling process is fully equipped with equipment, facilities and manpower
At the time of the monitoring mission, sample the normal production company
The company operates in normal production
The company operates in normal production The wastewater treatment system operates normally
The wastewater receiving area of Hoang Van Thu Paper JSC is located at the Cau River in Group 5, Quan Trieu Ward, Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen Province During the survey, the river exhibited muddy and foul-smelling sewage, yet it supports a diverse aquatic ecosystem The coastal regions are primarily populated by algae and small fish species, including chess flags, tilapia, and barramundi, alongside crabs, snails, and other typical small domestic creatures The riverbed hosts a rich aquatic habitat with various fish species inhabiting the bottom and middle layers, such as bream, drift fish, carp, fruit fish, shrimp, snails, and mussels.
4.4.2 Water quality at the receiving area
The aquatic ecosystem of the Cau River is significantly affected by pollutants from production wastewater, particularly the high levels of organic substances indicated by BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) in paper manufacturing effluents These pollutants disrupt the river's ecological balance, leading to detrimental effects on water quality and aquatic life.
BOD5 is the amount of oxygen consumed for respiration by microorganisms under certain conditions
Microorganisms oxidize organic matter by equation:
Organic matter + O2 -> CO2 + H2O + intermediate products
Raw river of BOD BOD is less than 1 mg / L
Mild pollution of BOD river is about 2-8 mg / L
After treatment, the project wastewater has a BOD of approximately 44.1 mg/L High levels of BOD5 and COD in wastewater discharged into the river can lead to a decrease in dissolved oxygen (DO) levels, which is detrimental to aquatic ecosystems The quality of surface water in the Cau River receiving area is detailed in the following table.
Table 4.7: Quality of surface water in Cau River where wastewater is received
7 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) mg/l 9,6 12,0 10 15
8 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) mg/l 5,2 5,7 4 6
+ NM1: Sample surface water of Cau river upstream of discharge point, 50m away
+ NM2: Sample of Cau river surface water downstream of discharge point, 100m away
- Time of analysis: May 13, 2019 - May 20, 2019
QCVN 08-MT: 2015 / BTNMT establishes the national technical regulation for surface water quality in Vietnam Specifically, Column A1 categorizes water intended for daily life use, which requires standard treatment, as well as for the conservation of aquatic flora and fauna, alongside other applications similar to types A2, B1, and B2.
+ Column A2: Used for the purpose of water supply but must apply appropriate treatment technology or use purposes such as B1 and B2
The analysis of the Cau River's water quality indicates that it remains within acceptable limits as per QCVN 08-MT: 2015 columns A1 and A2 Although the pollution parameters at the sampling point downstream of the company's discharge are slightly elevated—specifically, COD increased by 2.4 mg/l and Coliform by 126 MPN/100ml—the overall increase is minimal This suggests that the company's wastewater discharge does not significantly impact the river's environmental quality Effective control of wastewater quality ensures that its influence on the receiving water body is limited However, total phosphorus levels at NM2 exceed the QCVN 08-MT: 2015 column A2 standards, which, while not currently problematic, could pose risks of eutrophication and water source contamination if nitrogen and phosphorus levels continue to rise unchecked (Minh Khoi, 2012).
* The progress of quality of surface water in Cau River discharge area of the company
Table 4.8: Results of analysis of surface water quality of Cau River discharge area of the company
Results of surface water quality analysis QCVN
- QCVN 08-MT: 2015 / BTNMT: National technical regulation on surface water quality
+ Column A1: Used for purposes of supplying water for daily life (after application of normal treatment), conservation of aquatic plants and animals and other purposes such as types A2, B1 and B2
+ Column A2: Used for the purpose of water supply but must apply appropriate treatment technology or use purposes such as B1 and B2
+ In Front of discharge point: Before the point of receiving wastewater of the company about 50 meters upstream
+ Behind the discharge point: After the wastewater receiving point of the company about 300 meters downstream
4.4.3.1 Air measurement and monitoring results
Table 4.9: Results of microclimate measurement
KK-11.11-1: At the pulp crushing area
KK-11.11-2: In the material storage area
KK-11.11-3: At the wastewater treatment station area
KK-11.11-4: At the paper area
KK-11.11-5: At the boiler area
KK-11.11-6: In the office area
Temperature at monitoring points ranged from 24 0 C to 25.2 0 C;
Wind speed ranges from 0.2 m / s to 0.3 m / s
Results of measurement and analysis of flue gas emissions
Table 4.10: Results of measurement and analysis of flue gas emissions
Temperature Flow Dust NO x SO 2 H 2 S CO o C m 3 /min mg/Nm 3 mg/Nm 3 mg/Nm 3 mg/Nm 3 mg/Nm 3
Comparing with the results of the old environmental monitoring program data in 2018,it is found that the analyzed values are not much changed
- KKOK-11.11-1: At the chimney chimney No 1
- KKOK-11.11-2: At the chimney no.2
- QCVN 19: 2009 / BTNMT - National technical regulation on industrial emissions of dust and inorganic substances
Column B outlines the concentration levels of dust and inorganic substances, which serve as the foundation for determining the maximum permissible limits for industrial emissions This regulation applies to all production, processing, trading, and public service establishments, effective from January 1, 2015.
- Cmax: Maximum allowable concentration of dust and inorganic substances in industrial waste gases: Cmax = C x Kp x Kv, in which:
+ Kp is the discharge coefficient of waste source with a flow of less than 20,000 m3 / h, Kp = 1
+ Kv: Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company belongs to the first- class urban area, it should apply the coefficient, Kv = 0.6
4.4.3.2 Results of air measurement and analysis in the production area
Table 4.11: Results of air measurement and analysis in the production area
According to Decision No 3733/2002/QD-BYT issued by the Minister of Health on October 10, 2002, the analytical method establishes the detection limit for various occupational hygiene standards, specifically focusing on noise parameters, dust, and toxic gases in the air environment of production areas.
QCVN 24: 2016 / BYT: National technical regulation on Noise - Noise exposure level at work
Table 4.12 Results of soil quality analysis
Analysis of soil quality reveals that all indicators fall significantly below the permitted standards set by QCVN 03: 2008 / BTNMT for land designated for industrial use Consequently, the current soil environment in the production area does not exhibit any signs of pollution.
The company requires 11 m³ of water daily for domestic use, resulting in an equal wastewater generation of 11 m³ per day All domestic wastewater is processed through a septic tank system, which comprises five septic tanks, each with a capacity of 10 m³.
Waste water after being treated is discharged into the general drainage system of the Company, discharging to sewers located near the gate of the Company
According to the calculation in section 2.1 Demand for water use, the wastewater flow of the lines of IV, V, VI, VII and VIII is as follows:
Thus, the largest amount of wastewater produced in the company is:
The average production wastewater generated by the company is:
457.2 + 541.6 + 651.24 + 15 = 1,665.04 m3 / day night (rounding 1,665 m 3 / day night)
Hoang Van Thu Paper Joint Stock Company applied for permission to discharge wastewater into water sources with the following flow:
Average discharge of wastewater: 1,665 m 3 / day
Maximum discharge of wastewater: 1,824 m 3 / day
Measurement results and monitoring of water environment
Results of measuring and monitoring production wastewater
Table 4.13: Results of measurement and analysis of wastewater production
The value after the