INTRODUCTION
Rationale
As a student at Duy Tan University's Faculty of English, I have had the opportunity to explore various types of interpretation across different disciplines Among these experiences, translating a novel was particularly captivating for me.
The translation industry is experiencing significant growth, with a large number of individuals entering the field However, it is a challenging profession that demands strong foreign language skills and an extensive vocabulary Achieving an accurate Vietnamese translation can be particularly difficult.
The number of book readers continues to grow daily, reflecting the increasing quality of novels published worldwide each year A novel is selected for translation not only because the translator is captivated by the text but also due to an interest in the language style of English literature Successfully navigating idioms and slang during the transition from English to Vietnamese, while preserving the original message, is crucial in this selection process Ultimately, choosing this book for translation has significantly enhanced my understanding of various aspects of social life.
This novel, which combines a gripping revenge thriller with sharp social commentary, highlights the absurdity of laws affecting children of unmarried parents, leaving readers intrigued by its illegal status.
In short, I hope that AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED
TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER 3 AND 4 FROM THE BOOK “NO commentary in the Victorian literary market.
Aims and Objectives
Identifying some new ways to help people and myself to search for our full potential so that we could get better and reach for greater deals in life.
Giving the comfort what is in this book for the readers/novel lovers.
Improving translating skills through difficult vocabulary and grammar structures as well as unfamiliar idioms and expressions.
Increasing knowledge about method, process and identifying the steps of translation.
After completing the graduation paper, I had gained several noticeable purposes as follows:
Summing up the knowledge that I have learned for nearly 4 years at university.
Grasping the use of difficult vocabulary and idioms which are usually used in education aspect.
Translating text more clearly, easy to understand and as natural as possible.
Getting to know how to deal with complicated sentence structures. both English and Vietnamese.
Gaining more knowledge about educational reality and changes.
Scope of the Study
In this graduation paper, I would like to offer a suggested version in Vietnamese language for the English version of chapter 3 and 4 from the book
“No Name” by Wilkie Collins In addition, I also analyzed some difficult vocabulary and grammar structures that I encountered during the process of translating this text.
Published in 1862 by S Low, Son & Co in London, "No Name" is a captivating 19th-century novel by Wilkie Collins, renowned for his mastery of sensation fiction The story unfolds with the tragic death of a country gentleman in an accident, followed by the demise of his wife, leaving their daughters to face the devastating revelation of their illegitimacy, which strips them of their inheritance and societal standing.
The book “No Name” overall has 8 scenarios The text I choose to translate belongs to chapter 3 and 4 of the first scene - with about 4500 words.
“No Name” has 15 chapters and I choose the chapter 3 and 4 of the first scene to translate The text is divided into main parts and it is organized as follows:
The text is chapter 3 and 4 from the book “No Name” written by WilkieCollins “No Name” was published on 18th March, 2006.
Methods of the Study
I implemented this study based on two main methods:
Translating the text and paying attention to highlighted terms, idioms, and structures of the text.
Highlighting ambiguous vocabulary and difficult grammar structures. Scanning and skimming the whole text to get the main content of the text.
Engaging in discussions with supervisors and peers, along with conducting thorough online research, is essential for finding the most appropriate meanings for specific words and structures Additionally, it is crucial to meticulously check for errors in the proposed translations to ensure accuracy and clarity.
Analyzing difficult vocabulary and grammar structures based on translation and grammar theories after completing translation process.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Translation Theory
The theory of translation examines the relationship between languages, positioning it as a subset of Comparative Linguistics Translation can occur between any two languages or dialects, regardless of their spatial, temporal, or social contexts.
Translation is a multifaceted concept that varies based on individual perspectives, leading to diverse definitions Given the multitude of languages worldwide, translation is understood and defined in numerous ways Here are several interpretations of translation:
“Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)” - J.C Catford, 1965.
“Translation is the process of conveying messages across linguistic and cultural barriers” - Ian Tudor, 1987.
“Translation is the expression in another language (target language) of what has been expressed in one language (source language), preserving semantic and stylistic equivalencies” - Thakeray.W.M., 1796.
“Translation is a process of rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text” – Peter Newmark.
These concepts support the idea that translation is a complex process which requires also theoretical knowledge as well as practical experiences.
Translation can be categorized based on various factors such as extent, levels, and ranks, allowing for a clearer understanding of different translation methods By recognizing these categories, translators can minimize errors and enhance the accuracy of their work.
Translators often encounter two significant challenges: the decision to translate everything or to leave some parts untranslated J.C Carford categorizes translation into two types: full translation, where every element is converted, and partial translation, which involves leaving certain elements in their original language.
(i)Full Translation: the entire text is submitted to the translation process: that is, the TL material replaces every part of the SL.
We should study hard to pass our final exams.
Chúng ta nên học tập chăm chỉ để vượt qua kỳ thi cuối cùng của chúng ta.
(ii) Partial Translation: some part or parts of the SL are left untranslated: they are simply transferred to and incorporated into the TL.
Cu đơ là món đặc sản của Hà Tĩnh.
“Cu do” is special food in Ha Tinh.
Total translation involves replacing all levels of the source language (SL) text with target language (TL) material, ensuring that every aspect of the original content is accurately conveyed in the translation process.
Nothing is forever. Không có gì là mãi mãi.
Have you ever been to Ha Tinh? Bạn đã bao giờ đến Hà Tĩnh chưa?
Restricted Translation involves substituting source language (SL) text with equivalent target language (TL) text at a single level This type of translation can occur solely at the phonological or graphological level, or it may focus exclusively on one of the two levels of grammar and lexis.
In America, they eat what they can, and they can what they can’t.
Ở Mỹ, họ ăn những gì ăn được và đóng hộp những gì họ không ăn được.
Phonological translation is a specialized form of translation that involves substituting the source language's phonology with corresponding phonology from the target language In this process, the grammar and vocabulary of the original text remain intact, with only occasional random deviations in grammar or vocabulary occurring as a result of the translation.
SL graphology is replaced with equivalent target one without other considerable replacement.
In the process of transliteration, source language (SL) graphological units are substituted with their corresponding phonological units These SL phonological units are then translated into their equivalent target language (TL) phonological units Lastly, the TL phonological units are converted back into the appropriate TL graphological units.
Ken Robinson Ken Rô–bin–xơn
Methods and Principles
Interlinear translation showcases the target language (TL) directly beneath the source language (SL) words, maintaining the original word order In this approach, words are translated individually using their most common meanings, often without considering context Cultural terms are translated literally This method primarily serves to analyze the structure of the SL or to aid in the pre-translation of complex texts.
Hôm qua tôi đi chợ.
Yesterday I went to the market.
The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents, but the lexical words are again translated singly out of context.
As a pre-translation process, this indicates the problem to be solved.
He looked up at the Milky Way.
Anh ấy nhìn lên vào con đường màu sữa.
A faithful translation seeks to accurately convey the original context and meaning while adhering to the grammatical structure of the target language It preserves lexical uniqueness in the translated text and strives to remain true to the intentions and stylistic choices of the source language writer.
Mary đã làm việc tốt.
This translation method emphasizes the aesthetic value of the source language text, often prioritizing it over strict adherence to meaning It offers flexibility, permitting creative deviations from complete fidelity, and encourages the translator to connect intuitively with the original work.
This translation approach is the most flexible, primarily applied to plays and poetry It maintains the original themes, characters, and plots while adapting the source language culture to the target language, resulting in a rewritten text.
A man falls in love through his eyes, a woman through her ears.
Con trai yêu bằng mắt, con gái yêu bằng tai
The technique replicates the substance of the original work while disregarding its stylistic elements, resulting in a paraphrase that is often significantly longer and more verbose than the source material This process, known as "intra-lingual translation," can come across as overly elaborate and may appear to lack any translation qualities altogether.
Chúc một ngày tốt lành!
Shall we go for a blow?
Chúng ta đi hóng gió nhé?
This produces the “message” of the original again but tends to distort the nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms these do not exist in the original.
He was as quiet as a mouse.
Anh ta im như thóc.
This translation method aims to convey the original's contextual meaning while ensuring that the content and language are easily understandable for the audience It is commonly used in newspaper articles, where communicative and semantic translations often align.
Rain is expected in the afternoon.
Có lẽ chiều nay trời sẽ mưa.
The translation should reflect accurately the meaning of original text. Nothing should be arbitrarily added or moved, though occasionally part of the meaning can be transposed.
She was limp with fatigue.
Cô ta mệt đến độ không đứng lên nổi.
In translation, it is essential to maintain a close alignment between the order of words and ideas in the original text However, due to variations in language structure, adjustments to the form and sequence of words may be necessary to convey the intended meaning accurately.
Both Mary and Mickey want to go skiing.
Cả Mary và Mickey đều muốn đi trượt tuyết.
Languages often differ greatly in their levels of formality in a given context (say, in a business letter) To resolve these differences, the translator must distinguish between formal and fixed expression.
I would like to express my gratefulness to…
Tôi muốn bày tỏ lòng biết ơn của mình đến…
A common criticism of translation is its lack of naturalness, often stemming from the translator's adherence to the original text's phrasing and word choice To create more fluid and relatable translations, it's essential for translators to break free from rigid structures and allow their own voice to emerge.
The influence of the source language (SL) involves setting the text aside and recalling a few sentences aloud from memory This approach reveals natural thought patterns in the target language (TL) that might not surface when focused solely on the SL text.
This is the restaurant which I booked.
Đây là nhà hàng mà tôi đã đặt chỗ.
Idiomatic expressions are notoriously untranslatable These include similes, metaphor, proverbs, saying, jargons, slangs, colloquialisms and phrasal verbs If the expressions cannot be directly translated, try any of the following:
Retain the original word, in inverted commas.
Retain the original expression, with a literal explanation in bracket. Use a close equivalent.
Use a non-idiomatic or plain prose translation.
A translator should generally preserve the original style of the text; however, if the writing is poorly crafted or excessively repetitive, it is acceptable for the translator to make corrections for the benefit of the reader.
“Không tư duy, không suy nghĩ, không động não sẽ không tồn tại”.
No thinking means no existing.
SUGGESTED TRANSLATION
[1.] When she returned to the house,
Miss Garth made no attempt to conceal her unfavorable opinion of the stranger in black His object was, no doubt, to obtain pecuniary assistance from Mrs Vanstone
The nature of his claim on her appears unclear, potentially resembling that of a poor relation It raises the question of whether Mrs Vanstone ever mentioned Captain's name in front of her daughters.
[1.] Khi trở về nhà, cô Garth không cố gắng che giấu ý kiến bất lợi của mình về người lạ mặc đồ đen
Mục tiêu của anh ta rõ ràng là tìm kiếm sự hỗ trợ tài chính từ bà Vanstone, nhưng lời tuyên bố của anh lại có vẻ phức tạp, có thể ám chỉ đến một mối quan hệ không tốt Liệu bà Vanstone có bao giờ nhắc đến tên Thuyền trưởng Wragge trước mặt các con gái của bà không?
[2.] Neither of them recollected to have heard it before Had Mrs
Vanstone ever referred to any poor relations who were dependent on her?
[2.] Không ai trong số họ nhớ lại đã từng nghe nó trước đây Bà
Vanstone có bao giờ nhắc đến bất kỳ mối quan hệ nghèo nàn nào phụ thuộc vào bà không?
[3.] On the contrary she had mentioned of late years that she doubted having any relations at all who were still living And yet
Captain Wragge had plainly declared that the name on his card would recall “a family matter” to Mrs
Vanstone's memory raises intriguing questions: was it simply a false statement from the stranger, lacking any clear motive, or does it signify a deeper mystery, closely linked to the enigmatic journey to London?
Cô ấy đã bày tỏ nghi ngờ về mối quan hệ với những người còn sống trong những năm cuối đời Thêm vào đó, thuyền trưởng Wragge khẳng định rằng cái tên trên thẻ của anh sẽ gợi nhớ đến "một vấn đề trong gia đình" của bà Vanstone.
Nó có thể là một tuyên bố sai từ người lạ, không có lý do rõ ràng, hoặc một bí ẩn khác liên quan đến hành trình đầy huyền bí đến London.
All indications suggested a concealed link between the sudden departure of Mr and Mrs Vanstone due to "family affairs" and the "family matter" related to their name.
Captain Wragge Miss Garth’s doubts thronged back irresistibly on her mind as she sealed her letter to
Mrs Vanstone, with the captain’s card added by way of inclosure.
[4.] Tất cả các khả năng dường như chỉ ra mối liên hệ bí ẩn nào đó giữa
Việc gia đình đã khiến ông bà Vanstone rời bỏ nhà một cách đột ngột, và vấn đề này liên quan chặt chẽ đến Thuyền trưởng Wragge Những nghi ngờ của cô Garth lại hiện về trong tâm trí cô khi cô đóng dấu bức thư gửi bà Vanstone, kèm theo thẻ đội trưởng trong thư đính kèm.
[5.] By return of post the answer arrived.
[5.] Khi trả lại lá thư thì câu trả lời đã đến.
Miss Garth, the earliest riser in her household, found herself alone in the breakfast room when a letter arrived Upon quickly reviewing its contents, she realized the importance of reading it thoroughly in private to avoid any awkward inquiries She left a message with the servant to ensure her solitude.
Norah to make the tea that morning, she went upstairs at once to the solitude and security of her own room.
Cô Garth luôn dậy sớm nhất trong nhà và một mình trong phòng ăn sáng khi nhận được bức thư Nội dung bức thư khiến cô nhận ra cần phải đọc kỹ trước khi về hưu, tránh những câu hỏi bối rối sau này Cô để lại lời nhắn cho người hầu yêu cầu Norah pha trà và ngay lập tức lên lầu, tìm kiếm sự yên tĩnh và an toàn trong phòng riêng của mình.
Mrs Vanstone's lengthy letter discussed Captain Wragge in detail, providing comprehensive insights into his character and the reasons that led him to Combe.
Bức thư của bà Vanstone đã được mở rộng thêm, trong đó phần đầu tiên đề cập đến Thuyền trưởng Wragge Bà đã cung cấp những lời giải thích cần thiết về con người này cũng như động cơ khiến anh ta đến Combe-Raven.
The statement from Mrs Vanstone reveals that her mother had been married twice Her first husband was Doctor Wragge, a widower with young children One of those children has now become a captain, notably lacking a military appearance, and resides at the address "Post-office, Bristol."
[9.] Mrs Wragge had left no family by her first husband; and had afterward married Mrs Vanstone’s father Of that second marriage Mrs
Vanstone herself was the only issue
Having lost both her parents at a young age, she gradually saw her remaining family connections from her mother's side diminish as they, too, passed away over the years.
At this moment, she finds herself completely alone, with no family connections except for some distant cousins she has never met and of whom she is uncertain even exist.
Bà Wragge đã trải qua hai cuộc hôn nhân, nhưng chỉ còn lại bà Vanstone là vấn đề duy nhất trong cuộc sống của bà Bà Vanstone mất cả cha lẫn mẹ khi còn trẻ và dần dần các mối quan hệ gia đình của mẹ cô cũng rời xa, để lại cô một mình Hiện tại, cô không có bất kỳ mối quan hệ nào, chỉ còn lại một vài người anh em họ mà cô chưa từng gặp và thậm chí không biết về sự tồn tại của họ.
[10.] Under these circumstances, what family claim had Captain
[10.] Trong tình huống đó, gia đình đã xác nhận quyền sở hữu của Thuyền trưởng Wragge đối với bà Vanstone là gì?
ANALYSIS
Difficult Words and Phrases
Initially, I found the meanings of certain words and phrases perplexing Relying on their common definitions could lead to inaccuracies in translation Consequently, I needed to explore all relevant meanings to select the most appropriate ones for my translation.
Multi-meaning words possess multiple definitions in the dictionary, and their meanings can vary based on context This variability often leads to translation errors if the translator lacks a thorough understanding of these words and the surrounding context I have encountered challenges in selecting the appropriate meaning of such words, prompting me to employ various translation methods to find equivalent meanings Additionally, I frequently revisit the original text to determine the most accurate interpretation.
“Mrs Vanstone’s spirits had subsided to their natural quiet level; Mr.
Vanstone’s imperturbable cheerfulness sat as easily and indolently on him as usual.” [Page 26, paragraph 24]
The adjective “ natural ” is explained in Oxford Learner’s Dictionary as:
1 [only before noun] Existing in nature; not made or caused by humans.
2 (especially of food) Having little or no processing.
3 Normal; as you would expect.
4 Used to describe behaviour or abilities that are part of the character that a person or an animal was born with.
5 [only before noun] Having an ability that you were born with.
6 Relaxed and not pretending to be somebody/something different.
7 [only before noun] (of parents or their children) Related by blood.
8 [only before noun] (old use or formal) (of a son or daughter) Born to parents who are not married.
9 [only before noun] Based on human reason alone.
It was clear that the third meaning was the most suitable one for this context and in my opinion, it had the same meaning with “tự nhiên” in Vietnamese.
Linh hồn của bà Vanstone đã tìm được sự yên tĩnh, trong khi niềm vui tươi sáng của ông Vanstone vẫn hiện diện một cách tự nhiên và thoải mái như mọi khi.
“Hate breaks its prison-secrecy in the thoughts, through the doorway of the eyes; and Love finds the Judas who betrays it by a kiss.” [Page 27, paragraph 25]
The noun “ doorway ” defined in the Cambridge Dictionary as following:
1 The space in a wall where a door opens, or a covered area just outside a door.
2 The space for a door through which you go into and out of a room or building.
Depending on those meanings, I think that the first meaning is more suitable in this sentence, and “doorway” should be translated as “cái nhìn”.
Sự căm ghét phá vỡ những rào cản trong tâm trí, và qua ánh mắt, tình yêu đã tìm thấy Judas, kẻ đã phản bội bằng một nụ hôn.
“What nobler qualities he might possess below the surface, no one had ever discovered.” [Page 32, paragraph 31]
According to Cambridge Dictionary, the verb “ possess ” had two meanings:
1 To have or own something, or to have a particular quality.
2 To take control over a person's mind, making that person behave in a very strange way.
The initial definition was clearly the most suitable for this sentence I selected the Vietnamese term "sở hữu" to enhance the clarity of the sentence's meaning.
My suggested version: “Những phẩm chất tuyệt vời mà anh ta có thể sở hữu bên dưới vẻ ngoài kia, chưa ai từng khám phá.”
“ Ordinary men would have been astonished.” [Page 41, paragraph 46]
In The Free Dictionary, the adjective “ ordinary ” had three meanings:
2 Having no special ability, quality, or purpose.
3 Not particularly good; not better than average.
There are a lot of meanings for “ordinary” in the dictionary However, in this context, the first meaning is suitable to translate, so I choose “bình thường” to convert this word.
My suggested version: “Người đàn ông bình thường sẽ rất ngạc nhiên.”
A phrasal verb consists of a verb combined with a preposition or adverb, resulting in a meaning distinct from that of the original verb This combination can often lead to confusion, especially during translation.
She secured the letter in her desk and determinedly shifted her focus to the day's activities before heading back downstairs to the breakfast room.
“ Attend to ” had two basic meanings, according to The Free Dictionary:
1 To take care of the needs of someone or something; to respond to a request or demand from someone or something.
I chose to use "với" in Vietnamese to preserve the primary meaning in English In my view, this option effectively conveys the author's intent in the sentence.
Cô gấp lá thư lại và đặt lên bàn, tự nhắc nhở bản thân tìm niềm vui trong những khoảnh khắc nhỏ bé của một ngày Sau đó, cô bước xuống cầu thang và tiến vào phòng ăn sáng.
“He could not have looked up more calmly from his learned volume ifFrank had been absent for three minutes instead of three years.” [Page 41,paragraph 46]
The phrasal verb “ look up ” is explained in Oxford Learner’s Dictionary as:
2 To raise your eyes when you are looking down at something.
3 To visit or make contact with somebody, especially when you have not seen them for a long time.
4 To look for information in a dictionary or reference book, or by using a computer.
Apparently, the suitable meaning for this context was the first one, and
I translated it into “nghiên cứu” in Vietnamese in order to maintain its original meaning of the text.
Nếu Frank chỉ vắng mặt trong ba phút thay vì ba năm, có lẽ anh ta đã không cảm thấy cần phải bình tĩnh hơn trong việc nghiên cứu sách đã học của mình.
An idiom is a phrase whose meaning differs from the individual definitions of its words, often leading to confusion for translators and language learners Commonly used in everyday English, idioms require prior knowledge of their meanings to grasp the context effectively Therefore, a deep understanding of verbs and related elements is essential for accurate translation of idiomatic expressions.
“ By return of post the answer arrived.” [Page 14, paragraph 5]
The idiom “ by return of post ” was explained in Oxford Learner’s
Dictionary as “using the next available post; as soon as possible.”
My suggested version: “Khi trả lại lá thư thì câu trả lời đã đến.”
“Leaving a message with the servant requesting Norah to make the tea that morning, she went upstairs at once to the solitude and security of her own room.” [Page 15, paragraph 6]
In Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, the idiom “ at once ” had two basic meanings:
In this context, it was obviously that the first meaning was suitable for the sentence.
Norah nhận được yêu cầu từ người hầu để pha trà vào sáng hôm đó, sau đó cô nhanh chóng lên lầu, tìm đến sự yên tĩnh và an toàn trong phòng riêng của mình.
Mrs Vanstone decided to address Miss Garth's concerns directly, ensuring clarity and transparency regarding her own situation.
According to Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, “ so far ” had two basic meanings:
1 Until now; up to this point.
In the content, the first meaning was the suitable one for the translation.
Bà Vanstone đã quyết định không đề cập đến những vấn đề không cần thiết, và ngay lập tức giải quyết mọi nghi ngờ của cô Garth, ngoại trừ những điều liên quan trực tiếp đến bản thân cô.
She recognized the need to seek advice from a top medical expert but hesitated to worry her daughters by bringing a London physician to their home.
As defined in Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, “ at the same time ” had two basic meanings:
2 Used to introduce a fact that is different and must be considered.
It could be easily understood that the first meaning was the better choice for this context.
Challenging Structures
When translating documents, understanding grammatical structures is crucial for conveying the intended meaning of sentences Translators must have a strong grasp of grammar to effectively translate the original text into the target language (TL) In my graduation paper, I categorized and analyzed key grammatical structures to enhance readers' comprehension of the text's meaning.
The Passive Voice emphasizes the recipient of an action rather than the doer In passive sentences, the verb is consistently in the past participle form While passive voice is prevalent in English, translators typically convert it to active voice for smoother translations, making a word-for-word translation ineffective.
“He had been expelled the militia regiment in which he once held a commission.” [Page 18, paragraph 12]
In this situation, I translated “ had been expelled ” into “ đã bị đuổi khỏi ” with the negative meaning in order to convey the author’s intention.
My suggested version: “Anh ta đã bị đuổi khỏi trung đoàn dân quân mà anh ta từng giữ nhiệm vụ.”
“He was crooked of back, and quick of temper.” [Page 31, paragraph 30]
In this situation, I translated the equivalent meaning of the expression “ was crooked ” into “ bị gù lưng ” to maintain the author’s emphasis on the matter has foreseen.
My suggested version: “Anh ta bị gù lưng, và rất nóng tính.”
“They generally quarreled at night, and met on the neutral ground of the shrubbery to be reconciled together the next morning.” [Page 32, paragraph 31]
In this sentence, the original version in English was in passive voice, but if I kept passive voice in translating it into the target language, it would sound unnatural.
Họ thường xảy ra mâu thuẫn vào ban đêm, nhưng lại tìm đến nhau tại một khu vực trung lập giữa những bụi cây để hòa giải vào sáng hôm sau.
“At his intercession, and through his influence, Frank, Cecil, and Arthur were received on the foundation of a well-reputed grammar-school.” [Page 34, paragraph 33]
In this case, I had to maintain the passive voice in order to avoid making the sentence ambiguous “ Were received ” translated into “ đã được thừa nhận ”.
My suggested version: “Nhờ sự can thiệp, và ảnh hưởng của ông,
Frank, Cecil và Arthur đã được thừa nhận trên nền tảng của một trường phổ thông danh tiếng.”
A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses linked by a comma, semicolon, or conjunction Each independent clause contains a subject and verb, expressing a complete thought.
“As it is, I have no money to help them with; and they have no brains to help themselves.” [Page 34, paragraph 32]
There were two independent clauses in this sentence:
Independent clause 1: “I have no money to help them with”
Independent clause 2: “they have no brains to help themselves”
My suggested version: “Đúng như vậy, tôi không có tiền để giúp chúng; và chúng không có não để tự giúp chính mình.”
“Frank shall have this splendid chance; and I’ll lay you any wager you like he makes the best of it.” [Page 37, paragraph 39]
It was clear that there were two independent clauses in this sentence:Independent clause 1: “Frank shall have this splendid chance”
Independent clause 2: “I’ll lay you any wager you like he makes the best of it”
My suggested version: “Frank sẽ có cơ hội tuyệt vời này; và tôi dám cá rằng nó sẽ làm tốt nhất.”
“He had gone away a backward lad of seventeen; he returned a young man of twenty.” [Page 43, paragraph 49]
Two independent clauses were identified in this sentence:
Independent clause 1: “He had gone away a backward lad of seventeen”
Independent clause 2: “he returned a young man of twenty”
My suggested version: “Anh ta đã bỏ đi một cậu bé mười bảy tuổi lạc hậu; anh ta trả lại một thanh niên đôi mươi.”
A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause, resembling a mother with one or more children relying on her In this structure, the independent clause conveys the primary idea, while the dependent clause presents a secondary, less significant thought This hierarchy of ideas is essential for understanding the relationship between the clauses in a complex sentence.
4.2.3.1 Complex Sentences with Noun Clause
Translating sentences with noun clauses can be challenging, as misinterpreting their meaning often leads to misunderstandings During my translation of this novel, I faced numerous difficulties related to noun clauses Below, I provide examples of noun clauses along with my suggested translations to clarify their intended meanings.
To protect her marriage and prevent any potential infidelity, she had long provided financial support to the captain, insisting that he stay away from her home and refrain from contacting Mr Vanstone.
There were two noun clauses in this sentence:
Noun clause 1: “That he should never come near the house”
Noun clause 2: “That he should not presume to make any application whatever to Mr Vanstone”
Above two noun clauses all functioned as objects modifying the verb
Tóm lại, cô đã nỗ lực trong nhiều năm qua để hỗ trợ người thuyền trưởng bằng chính tài chính của mình, với điều kiện anh ta không được đến gần nhà và không được nộp đơn xin việc cho ông Vanstone, nhằm tránh gây khó chịu cho chồng và giữ gìn sự hòa thuận trong gia đình.
Mrs Vanstone acknowledged the recklessness of her decision, noting that her inclination to pursue this path may have stemmed from her upbringing, where she frequently observed the captain relying on various members of her mother's family for support.
The noun clause suggests that her inclination to adopt the practice may stem from her childhood experiences, where she observed the captain relying on different members of her mother's family for support.
Noun clauses role as objects that modify the verb “explain” in the context.
Bà Vanstone thừa nhận sự thiếu thận trọng trong lần này và cho rằng lý do có thể là do sự quen thuộc với tình huống, khi bà nhớ lại những ngày đầu khi thấy thuyền trưởng sống cùng một thành viên trong gia đình mẹ cô.
4.2.3.2 Complex Sentences with Adjective Clause (or Relative Clause)
A relative clause, also known as an adjective clause, is a dependent clause that modifies a noun It begins with a relative pronoun, including words like who, whose, whom, which, what, that, where, and when.
He married a naive, impoverished waitress from a modest diner, who unexpectedly received a small inheritance that he ruthlessly wasted completely.
In this situation, the underlined relative clause was a complement that modified the noun “woman”.
Anh ta kết hôn với một người phụ nữ nghèo và kém hiểu biết, từng làm hầu bàn tại một nhà hàng bình dân Không ngờ, anh ta đã kiếm được một ít tiền và lãng phí phần thừa kế nhỏ nhoi của mình một cách không tiếc nuối cho đến phút cuối.
“After a few minutes, the figure of a gentleman became visible, at the point where the shrubbery path joined the winding garden-walk which led to the house.” [Page 29, paragraph 28]
In this situation, it could be easily seen that the marked relative clause played the role as a object of preposition at that modified the noun “point”.
Sau một vài phút, một người đàn ông lịch lãm xuất hiện tại điểm giao giữa con đường rợp bóng cây và lối đi dạo quanh co dẫn vào ngôi nhà.