SECTION 1 Time — 25 Minutes 1 Question You have 25 minutes to write an essay on the topic below. Your essay will be judged on how well it is written as well as how adequately you have covered the topic. DO NOT WRITE ON ANOTHER TOPIC. AN ESSAY ON ANOTHER TOPIC WILL RECEIVE NO CREDIT. Your essay must be written on your answer sheet on the lines provided. The lined pages will be sufficient if you use all the space provided. Directions: Consider carefully the following statement and the assignment below it. Then plan and write an essay that explains your ideas as persuasively as possible. Keep in mind that the support you provide—both reasons and examples—will help make your view convincing to the reader. The harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly; it is dearness only that gives everything its value. —Thomas Paine Assignment: What is your view of the idea that people tend to value most that which they worked hardest to obtain? In an essay, support your position by discussing an example (or examples) from history, literature, the arts, science and technology, current events, or your own experience or observation. YOU MAY MAKE NOTES ON THIS PAGE AND ON THE PRECEDING PAGE, BUT YOU WILL BE EVALUATED ONLY ON WHAT YOU HAVE WRITTEN ON THE ANSWER SHEET. 1 1 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org SECTION 2 Time — 25 Minutes 24 Questions Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices provided, and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer sheet. 2 2 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. Each sentence below has one or two blanks. Each blank indicates that something has been omitted from the sentence. Choose the word or set of words that bestcompletes the meaning of the sentence as a whole. Example: Trends are difficult to spot until they are well established because they usually begin as minor, seemingly events. (A) momentous (B) popular (C) insignificant (D) current (E) recent 1. Skilled animal trainers condition their animals to associate a specific with a given behavior, so that each stimulus will an expected response. (A) discipline . . vanquish (B) pattern . . subvert (C) habitat . . elicit (D) temperament . . yield (E) cue . . trigger 2. The candidate’s final owed as much to her positive appeal with voters as to the negative views they held of her rival. (A) appearance (B) controversy (C) victory (D) season (E) platform 3. Every new scientific theory that challenges the reigning orthodoxy is viewed as until it is supported by incontrovertible evidence and eventually adopted as truth. (A) dichotomous (B) heretical (C) critical (D) relative (E) inconsequential 4. Aspiring actors sometimes forget that fame is not guaranteed but rather ; and even if achieved, not but rather ephemeral. (A) intransigent . . transient (B) elusive . . immutable (C) hopeful . . permanent (D) mercurial . . impersonal (E) inevitable . . futile 5. In today’s cynical media age in which a public figure’s every expression and minutest gesture is scrutinized, successful politicians become skilled at : masking their true feelings and beliefs to suit the views of their audiences. (A) relegating (B) coercing (C) vilifying (D) dissembling (E) perpetrating For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org Questions 6-7 are based on the following passage. Why do we know so little about the life of William Shakespeare when we know comparatively so much about the lives of his less accomplished peers? Our lack of knowledge about Shakespeare has inspired countless conspiracy theories. The actual writing of Shakespeare's works has been attributed to others from contemporary playwrights Christopher Marlowe and Ben Jonson, to the brilliant Renaissance scientist and philosopher Francis Bacon. Though Shakespeare died at just 52, he was an immensely successful dramatist as well as a prosperous property owner. Circumspect, and only too aware of the government-inspired branding of Jonson, its torture of Thomas Kyd, and its murder of Marlowe, Shakespeare kept himself nearly anonymous. Wary to the end, Shakespeare led a life virtually without memorable incident, as far as we can tell. 6. It can be inferred that the author cites the treatment of Jonson, Kyd, and Marlow (lines 15- 16) in order to (A) show that Shakespeare had a compelling reason to keep a low profile (B) demonstrate that these authors could not have written Shakespeare’s works (C) illustrate similar ludicrous conspiracy theories about Shakespeare’s contemporaries (D) prove that in fact we know quite a bit about Shakespeare’s life and times (E) suggest that Shakespeare, too, may have been mistreated by the English government 7. The author’s primary purpose is to (A) challenge an assumption (B) refute a misconception (C) propose an alternative explanation (D) reveal a historical fallacy (E) provide new evidence in support of a theory Questions 8-9 are based on the following passage. Napoleon was asked whether he preferred courageous generals or brilliant generals. Neither, he replied; he preferred lucky generals. A society that cannot accept the concept of luck is one that seeks to attach blame to every undesired outcome. Unless we can accept bad luck we are destined to be governed by a risk-blame-litigation- compensation culture that suffocates initiative. For some, this culture can be rewarding. Tripping over an uneven paving stone, plus a note from a compliant doctor, plus the assistance of an enterprising lawyer, can yield untold riches— sometimes even without tripping. But for others, this culture is threatening. All the traditional risks encountered in our daily lives are now overhung by legal and financial risks. The whole world is now struggling to come to grips with this culture. 8. As used in line 12, “enterprising” most nearly means (A) opportunistic (B) well-known (C) successful (D) expensive (E) financial 9. In context, the word “others” (line 13) refers to (A) individuals who worry about bad luck (B) doctors, lawyers, and other profiteers (C) individuals who deny the existence of luck (D) those who seek to profit from their bad luck (E) those blamed for the consequences of bad luck 2 2 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. Line (5) (10) (15) Line (5) (10) (15) For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org Questions 10-17 are based on the following passage. The following passage is an excerpt from a collection of essays on ecology written by a professor of zoology. Every species has its niche, its place in the grand scheme of things. Consider a wolf-spider as it hunts through the litter of leaves on the woodland floor. It must be a splendid hunter; that goes without saying for otherwise its line would have long since died out. But it must be proficient at other pursuits, too. Even as it hunts, it must keep some of it eight eyes on the lookout for the things that hunt it; and when it sees an enemy it must do the right thing to save itself. It must know what to do when it rains. It must have a lifestyle that enables it to survive in the winter. It must rest safely when the time is not apt for hunting. And there comes a season of the year when spiders, as it were, feel the sap rising in their eight legs. The male must respond by going to look for a female spider, and when he finds her, he must convince her that he is not merely something to eat—yet. And she, in the fullness of time, must carry an egg-sack as she goes about her hunting, and later must let the babies ride on her back. They, in turn, must learn the various forms of fending for themselves as they go through the different months of the spider’s life until they, too, are swift-running, pouncing hunters of the woodland floor. Wolf spidering is a complex job, not something to be undertaken by an amateur. We might say that there is a profession of wolf-spidering. It is necessary to be good at all its manifold tasks to survive at it. What is more, the profession is possible only in very restricted circumstances. A woodland floor is necessary, for instance, and the right climate with a winter roughly like that your ancestors were used to; and enough of the right sorts of things to hunt; and the right shelter when you need it; and the numbers of natural enemies must be kept within reasonable bounds. For success, individual spiders must be superlatively good at their jobs and the right circumstance must prevail. Unless both the skills of spidering and the opportunity are present, there will not be any wolf- spiders; the “niche” of wolf-spidering will not be filled. “Niche” is a word ecologists have borrowed from church architecture. In a church “niche” means a recess in the wall in which a figurine is placed; it is an address, a location, a physical place. But the ecologist’s “niche” is more than just a physical space: it is a place in the grand scheme of things. The niche is an animal’s (or a plant’s) profession. The niche of the wolf-spider is everything it does to get its food and raise its babies. To be able to do these things it must relate properly to the place where it lives and to the other inhabitants of that place. Everything the species does to survive is its niche. The physical living place in an ecologist’s jargon is called the habitat. The habitat is the “address” or “location” in which individuals of the species live. The woodland floor hunted by the wolf-spiders is the habitat, but wolf-spidering is the niche. 10. Based on the passage as a whole, the author’s primary purpose is to (A) develop a metaphor (B) offer an explanation (C) propose a theory (D) raise a question (E) illustrate a paradox 11. The word “place” (line 1) most nearly means (A) purpose (B) location (C) status (D) role (E) setting 2 2 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. Each passage below is followed by questions about its content. Answer the questions based on what is stated or implied in each passage and in any introductory material. Line (5) (10) (15) (20) (25) (30) (35) (40) (45) (50) (55) (60) For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org 12. In line 8, the author mentions that a wolf spider needs to keep “some of its eight eyes on the lookout for” its (A) circumstances (B) pursuits (C) offspring (D) predators (E) prey 13. The complex job of the wolf spider referred to in the second paragraph (line 27) is (A) finding its proper niche (B) finding the right circumstances (C) everything it must do to survive and reproduce (D) maintaining its place in the food chain (E) contributing to its environment 14. If wolf spiders were not “superlatively good at their jobs” or if the “right circumstances” did not prevail as discussed in the second paragraph, which of the following would be the most likely eventual consequence? (A) The wolf-spider’s habitat would change. (B) The wolf-spider’s line would end. (C) The wolf-spider’s niche would change. (D) The wolf spider would acquire new natural enemies. (E) The wolf-spider would have competitors for its niche. 15. The primary function of the second paragraph (lines 27-44) is to (A) elaborate on the aspects that constitute a species’ job (B) propose an alternative view of a species’ job at odds with the framework outlined in the first paragraph (C) point out that a species’ merely being good at its job is not enough to guarantee the survival of that species (D) concede that the survival of any species requires the continuous improvement of its “job skills” (E) demonstrate that the profession of any species is highly limited 16. If the author used the word “niche” in the same way as its architectural meaning (lines 45-49), a wolf-spider’s niche would refer to its (A) environment (B) lifestyle (C) opportunity (D) specialty (E) design 17. Which of the following is probably the most serious limitation to the author’s likening an animal’s niche to a human profession? (A) An animal’s niche is a much more complex job than any human profession. (B) The word “niche” can be used in varying contexts with different meanings. (C) Different animals have widely different niches. (D) Unlike a human being, an animal can neither choose nor change its profession. (E) An animal must contend with evading predators as well as with finding prey. 2 2 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org Questions 18-24 are based on the following passage. In this excerpt from With a Daughter’s Eye, author and anthropologist Mary Catherine Bateson recounts some childhood memories with her parents Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson, themselves world-famous anthropologists. In Holderness, New Hampshire, where we spent many summers, a long field runs down toward the lake. At the bottom, near the strip of woods that shields the shore, lies a broad patch of springy moss. My mother picked this place to wander alone with me, especially in the early morning. Sometimes we found spider webs between protruding grass stems stretched flat above the moss, with dewdrops still shining on them. She showed me these as fairy tablecloths, with crystal goblets and silver plates still spread out, for the feckless fairies went off to sleep at dawn without cleaning up. Searching along the ground we found their serving bowls, the bases of acorns. She showed me red-tipped lichens as small as pinheads—fairy roses. “Once upon a time,” my mother would narrate, “a king and a queen lived in the kingdom between the grass stems.” The labors and loves of this king and queen grew out of each other with the same elegance connecting the parts and growth cycles of a flowering plant. The flower is pollinated, seed is formed, scattered, and germinated. Look! Fairies use the silk in the milkweed pods to stuff their mattresses. Blow on the dandelion down to make a wish. Pause in the middle of fantasy to see the natural world as fragile and precious, both caressed and threatened by human dreaming. My father showed me intricacies between the grass stems of another sort, a moth or beetle living out quite different dramas. When I look at the field with his eyes, I see myriad complex symmetries and relationships, in which the position of the spider-web above the moss hints at the pathways of foraging insects. Worlds can be found by a child and an adult bending down together and looking under the grass stems or at the skittering crabs in a tidal pool. They can be spun from the stuff of fantasy and tradition. And worlds can be created in miniature from all sorts of materials, such as the aquariums I constructed with my father. An aquarium is bounded, like a city, but the discipline that goes into building it is different, for it is alive. In the fantasy world, the discipline is primarily aesthetic: Here is the forest and here the open valley— and here the dragon lurks. In an aquarium, the needs and relationships of living creatures must be balanced. Newly spawned swordtails swim among the water plants, seeking shelter lest they be devoured. The snails moving sedately on the glass control the algae; on the sandy bottom catfish prowl continually, scavenging the pollution of living that never occurs in fairy tales. We live in a world in which no microcosm—no tide pool, no forest, no family, no nation—is completely separate. My parents were scientists and teachers who thought of worlds, and drew me into them. There were worlds to be built and worlds to be imagined; worlds to be held in two hands and cherished, and worlds of abstract argument. The meadow mornings of fantasy with my mother, the hours assembling aquariums with my father: each parent found uniquely personal ways to give me a sense of the integrity of the biosphere. 18. Based on the first paragraph (lines 1-26), it can be inferred that the mother’s primary concern in telling stories was to (A) protect her daughter from the harsh realities of the real world (B) create a fantasy world that she and her daughter could share together (C) entertain her daughter, whom she felt was too young to comprehend scientific principles (D) provide some relief from the rigorous lectures the daughter received from her father (E) present the natural world in an engaging way that her daughter could understand 19. Based on the second paragraph as a whole, the “intricacies . . . of a different sort” (lines 26-27) that the father introduced his daughter to refers to (A) the father’s fantasy world (B) the realities of life in nature (C) the various activities they shared (D) another patch of land apart from the springy moss (E) insects and animals other than spiders 2 2 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. Line (5) (10) (15) (20) (25) (30) (35) (40) (45) (50) (55) (60) For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org 20. The author’s observation that an aquarium is “bounded” (lines 37-39) implies that a city, unlike an aquarium, (A) is built with many materials (B) requires long-range planning (C) is not a self-contained ecosystem (D) contains tangible structures (E) is a genuine “world” 21. As used in lines 39-44, the meaning of the word “discipline” is (A) creativity (B) punishment (C) organized behavior (D) complex structure (E) fundamental requirement 22. In the last sentence of the second paragraph (lines 47-51), the author states that pollution does not occur in fairy tales because fairy tales (A) oversimplify the complexities of actual life (B) rarely depict harsh realities of any sort (C) take place in the past, when pollution was not a problem (D) bear little resemblance to the concerns of living persons (E) are products of someone’s imagination 23. The author’s discussion in the final paragraph (lines 51-62) indicates that regarding the time they spent with their daughter, both parents (A) had little contact with each other (B) had similar goals, despite different approaches (C) could not have had more different personalities (D) had different expectations for their daughter (E) preferred to spend time with her independently 24. As used in line 62, “integrity” means (A) honesty (B) variety (C) unity (D) immensity (E) reality 2 2 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org Reference Information SECTION 3 Time — 25 Minutes 20 Questions Directions: You may use any available space in your booklet for scratch work, but only your answer sheet will be graded. When you have determined the answer to a question, fill in the corresponding oval on your answer sheet. Notes: 1. You may use a calculator. All numbers used are real numbers. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated. 2. Figures that accompany problems are intended to provide useful information useful in solving the problems. They are drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when a specific problem states that the figure is not drawn to scale. A = πr 2 A = lw A = bh V = lwh V = πr 2 h c 2 = a 2 + b 2 Special Right Triangles C = 2πr The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180. The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180. 3 3 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 1. If x = 4 and y = 20, what does equal? (A) 4 (B) 11 (C) 12 (D) 14 (E) 24 2. If j is an integer and lies between 7 and 8, what does j equal? (A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 8 (E) 9 3. In the figure above, . What is the value of x ? (A) 30 (B) 60 (C) 150 (D) 180 (E) 300 2 2x + y 38 j Note: Figure not drawn to scale. 5x° x° l 1 l 2 l 1 || l 2 For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org 4. In the figure above, w, x, y, and z represent missing numbers. The product of numbers in any row or column inside the square must equal the number in the corresponding position outside the square. What does w equal? (A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 8 (D) 48 (E) It cannot be determined from the information given. 5. The ratio of 0.8 to 1 is equal to which of the following ratios? (A) 1 to 8 (B) 8 to 1 (C) 4 to 5 (D) 5 to 4 (E) 8 to 100 6. At a certain candy store, peanuts cost $1.50 per pound and cashews cost $2.00 per pound. If a 10-pound mixture of peanuts and cashews costs $18.00, how many pounds of the mixture are peanuts? (A) Two (B) Four (C) Five (D) Six (E) Eight 7. In the figure above, point P lies on a line (not shown) that has a positive slope. Which of the following labeled points could also lie on the line? (A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D (E) E 8. The slope of the line given by y – 2x = 6 is (A) – 3 (B) – 2 (C) – (D) (E) 2 9. If xy = 2 and x 2 y = 16, what is the value of y ? (A) (B) (C) 2 (D) 4 (E) 8 3 3 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. E D B x A P C y 15 w 30 x 6 24 y z 1 2 1 2 1 4 1 2 For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org 10. A certain class consists of b boys and g girls. If a student is picked at random from this class, the probability that the student is a girl is . What is the value of ? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) 11. If f(x) = 8 – x 3 , then f(– 2) = (A) 16 (B) 4 (C) 0 (D) – 4 (E) – 16 12. The average (arithmetic mean) of 5 numbers is greater than 80 and less than 86. If three of the numbers are 94, 82, and 76, which of the following could NOT be the other two numbers? (A) 93 and 84 (B) 88 and 95 (C) 87 and 85 (D) 84 and 80 (E) 63 and 89 13. Let k be the greatest of 3 consecutive positive integers whose sum is t. In terms of t, what is the sum of the next 3 consecutive integers immediately following k ? (A) t + 3 (B) t + 6 (C) t + 9 (D) t + 12 (E) t + 18 Note: Figure not drawn to scale. 14. If x = 40 in the figure above, what is the value of y ? (A) 100 (B) 80 (C) 60 (D) 40 (E) 20 15. What are all values of x for which | x – 8 | > 6 ? (A) x > 14 (B) – 14 < x < 14 (C) – 2 < x < 14 (D) x < – 14 or x > 14 (E) x < 2 or x > 14 3 3 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. b g 4 7 3 7 3 4 4 3 7 3 3 7 y° x° 120° For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org [...]... reuse of any part of this page is illegal 18 If x0 3 = 4, then x = 1 x2 (A) 1 16 (B) 1 2 (C) 2 16 In the figure above, 4 circles each of radius 1 are placed inside a square If the total area covered by (D) 4 (E) 16 the circles is c and the area of the square is s, what c is the value of s ? (A) π (B) π (C) (D) (E) 4 2 4 π 3π 4 3π 2 Set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 19 Two numbers from set A are selected at... x + 1, and z = 3y, then which of the following is a possible value of x + y + z ? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) 17 18 19 20 21 For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org 8 9 8 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal If p pencils cost c cents, then at this rate how many cents will 10 pencils cost? c (A) 10 p 10 p (B) c Questions 12 and 13 refer... PETS Cat 10 c p p (D) 10 c (C) Women Men Dog Other 45 12 3 8 26 6 (E) 10 pc 12 What percentage of women surveyed listed “dog” as their favorite pet? 10 Let the function f be defined by f (x) = x2 If n is a number such that f (n + 3) = f (n) + 3, what is the value of n ? (A) 0 (C) 8% 12 % 18 % 20% 24% 1 (B) (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) 3 (D) No such solution exists (E) An infinite number of solutions exists 13 A man... Four Five (A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 12 (D) 18 (E) 24 y B A 4 If the origin is the midpoint of the line segment between the points (4, 2) and (x, y), then (x, y) = (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) 5 7 (8, 4) (2, 1) (2, – 4) (– 4, 2) (– 4, –2) 12 15 21 30 42 x In the figure above, points A, B, and C have coordinates (0, 1) , (0, 3), and (4, 6) respectively What is the area of triangle ABC ? (A) 16 (B) 10 (C) 8 (D) 5 (E) 4 Let... (C) (D) (E) sentence 10 sentence 11 sentence 12 sentence 13 sentence 14 For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org 6 6 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal SECTION 6 Time — 25 Minutes 18 Questions Directions: This section contains two types of questions You have 25 minutes to complete both types For questions 1- 8, solve each problem... points with coordinates 15 and 18 ? y° x° 80° 60° Note: Figure not drawn to scale 11 In the figure above, x + y = 10 What is the least three-digit positive integer that is a multiple of 3 ? For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org 6 6 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal 12 If 2x + 1 = 32, then 2 x = m, 2m, 15 The first term in... (C) 6v (D) 8v (E) 16 v For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org 6 6 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal Directions: Each of the 10 questions requires you to solve the probelm and enter your answer by makring the ovals in the special grid, as shown in the examples below Answer: 2.25 Answer: 9 / 4 or 9 4 Answer: 01 Either position... degrees of the angles of a triangle is 18 0 1 If 2(x + 5) = 22, then x + 5 = (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) 11 15 16 20 38 2 From the dessert menu at a certain restaurant, a diner can choose from 5 types of ice cream and 4 types of topping How many combinations of an ice cream and a topping are there? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) 9 10 16 20 25 For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org... seen in proportion Not all facts are born equal; there is a hierarchy of facts To arrange For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org 7 (90) (95) (10 0) (10 5) (11 0) (11 5) Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal them rightly, to distinguish the important from the trivial, to see their bearing one upon another, requires artistic skill... 20 Minutes 16 Questions Directions: You may use any available space in your booklet for scratch work, but only your answer sheet will be graded When you have determined the answer to a question, fill in the corresponding oval on your answer sheet Notes: 1 You may use a calculator All numbers used are real numbers All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated 2 Reference Information 1 Figures . 8 | > 6 ? (A) x > 14 (B) – 14 < x < 14 (C) – 2 < x < 14 (D) x < – 14 or x > 14 (E) x < 2 or x > 14 3 3 Unauthorized copying. illegal. Line (5) (10 ) (15 ) Line (5) (10 ) (15 ) For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org Questions 10 -17 are based