INTRODUCTION
As an English major, I've observed a growing demand for interpretation and translation services Translation plays a crucial role in sharing knowledge and culture across borders, making it an essential tool for global communication.
Educating children is crucial for shaping their personalities, as the family environment significantly influences their development This book offers valuable insights and essential information for both parents and students, highlighting the importance of effective education in nurturing well-rounded individuals.
But, first of all, we should find out clearly more about buddism I hope that with all my knowledge and skills and all researches I have found can complete translation perfectly.
- To present my ability in translating and analyzing a document
- To gain knowledge such as grammar, vocabulary, etc
- To develop awareness of current issues in translating studies
- To analyze complicated words, phrases, idioms, and contexts, etc
- To sum up knowledge I learned in the past
1.3 THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This article will primarily focus on Chapter 3, exploring key themes such as the influences of heredity, the importance of pure love, and the necessity of teaching children to tell the truth and practice humility Due to time constraints, a comprehensive analysis of all sectors of the book is not feasible.
This paper will examine the challenges encountered in translating tourism terminology, focusing on the application of English grammar, syntactic structures, and the semantics of words within the context of Buddhism.
The book “Love your children the right way” is written by PANYANANDA BHIKKHU Therefore, the book is very useful for translators and interpretations or all those interested in translation.
This book offers valuable insights into effective translation management and group behavioral psychology, making it a useful resource for parents seeking to enhance their teaching methods for children Additionally, it provides a comprehensive understanding of translation as a whole and the nuances of interpretation, enriching the reader's experience and knowledge in these fields.
The book “Love your children the right way” includes 224 pages.
Chapter 3 of this book is divided into various sections, each presenting key concepts and insights that contribute to the overall narrative This chapter serves as a crucial part of the book, highlighting significant themes and ideas that resonate with the reader.
1 Cultivating unity among your children is very important
2 Train your children to save money at the young age
3 Train children to have gratitude at the young age
4 Train your children to forgive
5 Train children to depend on and help oneself, etc.
The book "Love Your Children the Right Way" by Panyananda Bhikkhu is readily available online for reading and reference, offering valuable insights into parenting and child-rearing practices.
Reading several documents related to the source language text’s topic to get some basic knowledge and specific terms
Reading the whole text to get the main content
Identifying and marking specific vocabulary and complicated grammatical structures
Rendering the source language text and concentrating on terms and structures that had been marked
Looking up in dictionaries and searching on the Internet to get the most suitable meanings for difficult words
Checking the target language text at least twice
Analyzing grammatical structures and identifying the sentence’s components
BACKGROUND OF TRANSLATION
Translation is the process clearly presenting the relation between at least two languages: source language (SL) and target language (TL).
There are many different definitionsof translation given by some well- known linguistic experts as follows:
“Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL).” ( họ, năm xuất bản: số trang)
“Translation is a process of rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text.”
“Translation is the process of conveying messages across linguistic and cultural barriers.”
There are some types of categories of translation defined in terms of extent, levels, and ranks of translation.
The distinction relates to the extents of translation.
According to J.C Carford (1965), in a full translation the entire text is submitted to the translation process: that is, every part of the SL text is replaced by TL text materials ().
In a partial translation, some part or parts of the SL text are left untranslated: they are simply transferred to and incorporated in the TL text (). Examples:
Full translation: There has been a dramatic rise in house prices this year.
Đã có một sự tăng giá về nhà trong năm nay.
The controversial remark garnered extensive media attention, particularly after it was condemned by numerous Democratic leaders and several Republicans, including presidential candidate Mitt Romney, who urged Akin to exit the race.
Phát ngôn này đã thu hút sự chú ý lớn từ các phương tiện truyền thông, đặc biệt khi nhiều chính trị gia từ Đảng Dân Chủ và một số thành viên của Đảng Cộng Hòa, bao gồm cả ứng viên tổng thống Mitt Romney, đã chỉ trích và yêu cầu Akin rút lui khỏi cuộc đua.
In terms of levels, translation is divided into two types by J.C. Catford: total translation and restricted translation
Total translation involves substituting the grammar and vocabulary of the source language (SL) with corresponding grammar and vocabulary of the target language (TL), while also transforming the phonology and graphology of the SL into the distinct phonology and graphology of the TL.
Example: A friend in need is a friend indeed
Hoạn nạn mới biết bạn hiền.
Restricted translation is replacement of SL textual by equivalent TL textual material, at only one level.
According to Nguyen Manh Quang, M.A [4, p6], in this translation, the main thing is SL phonology is replaced with equivalent TL one, but there are hardly other important replacements.
In phonological translation, sometimes grammatical or lexical changes may result accidentally.
In graphological translation, SL graphology is replaced with equivalent target one without other considerable replacements, also noted by Nguyen
Example: number one -> năm- bờ- quanh
In transliteration, SL graphological units are replaced with corresponding
SL phonological units Then these SL phonological units are translated into equivalent TL phonological units Finally, the TL phonological units are replaced with corresponding TL graphological units [4, p8].
Example: Singapore -> Xin- ga-po
Free, Literal, and Word-for-word Translation:
A "free" translation offers flexibility without constraints, while "word-for-word" translation adheres strictly to the original text "Literal" translation occupies a middle ground, beginning with a "word-for-word" approach but adapting to the target language's grammar by modifying structures and adding words as necessary This results in a translation that may reflect group-to-group or clause-to-clause equivalence.
Free translation: Give him an inch and he will take a yard.
Được đằng chân lên đằng đầu.
Word-for-word translation: She plays piano very well.
Cô ấy chơi pi a nô rất tốt.
Literal translation: A bad beginning makes a bad ending.
Methods and Principles of Translation:
All methods of translation below are defined by M.A Nguyen ManhQuang, [4, p14-p18]
Interlinear translation presents the target language (TL) directly beneath the source language (SL) words, maintaining the original word order Each word is translated individually using its most common meaning, often without considering the surrounding context For instance, in the sentence "There is a box on the table," this method illustrates how the translation aligns with the original structure.
Có một chiếc hộp ở trên bàn.
The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents, but the lexical words are again translated singly out of context.
As a pre-translation process, this indicates the problem to be solved.
Example: This program is sponsored by Walls.
Chương trình này được tài trợ bởi Walls.
A faithful translation seeks to accurately convey the original meaning while adhering to the grammatical structures of the target language It preserves cultural nuances and maintains the original text's grammatical and lexical uniqueness This approach prioritizes fidelity to the author's intentions and the text's overall expression For instance, a description of a beach might note that it is seldom crowded, typically frequented only by locals seeking fresh air and swimming.
Bờ biển thường vắng vẻ, chủ yếu chỉ có người dân địa phương đến để tận hưởng không khí trong lành và bơi lội.
This approach prioritizes the aesthetic quality of the source language text, focusing on achieving a beautiful and natural sound while allowing for some compromises on meaning It aims to avoid jarring elements such as assonance, wordplay, or repetition in the final translation Additionally, less significant cultural terms may be translated using culturally neutral or functional expressions instead of direct cultural equivalents, along with other minor adjustments to better suit the audience.
Example: English for future leaders.
Tiếng Anh giành cho thế hệ dẫn dắt tương lai
This translation approach is the most flexible, primarily applied to plays, particularly comedies, and poetry It focuses on maintaining the original themes, characters, and plots while adapting the source language culture into the target language, resulting in a rewritten text that resonates with the new audience.
Example: When Heaven and Earth changed places.( The name of a book)
Khi trời đất đổi thay
This produces the “message” of the original again but tends to distort the nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms where these do not exist in the original.
Example: It’s an ill bird that fouls its own nest
Vạch áo cho người xem lưng
This translation method aims to convey the original's contextual meaning while ensuring that both the content and language are easily understandable for the audience It is frequently used in radio broadcasts and newspaper articles, where communicative and semantic translations may align.
Example: PLEASE HAND IN YOUR KEY AT THE DESK
Xin gửi chìa khóa ở quầy tiếp tân
There are some basic principles of translation listed by M.A Nguyen Manh Quang.
The translation should reflect accurately the meaning of the original text Nothing should be arbitrarily added or moved, though occasionally part of the meaning can be “transpose”
Example: He was limp with fatigue
Anh ta mệt đến độ không đứng lên nổi.
Example: Try to act naturally, even if you are feeling tense.
The translation should closely follow the original order of words and phrases, maintaining their form and sequence When uncertain, underline the key words in the original text that carry the main stress In English, emphasis can be achieved by altering the word order and employing various structures.
Example: Only by practicing English every day can you speak it fluently.
Chỉ bằng cách luyện tập tiếng Anh hàng ngày bạn mới có thể nói trôi chảy được.
Languages often differ greatly in their levels of formality in a given context To resolve these differences, the translator must distinguish between formal and fixed expression.
Example: Please do not litter.
Xin vui lòng không xả rác.
One of the most frequent issues in translation is that it can sound unnatural, often due to the translator's thoughts and word choices being heavily influenced by the original text To achieve a more natural flow, translators should consider putting the original text aside and translating a few sentences from memory, reading them aloud to capture more authentic language patterns.
Example: He have had my television fixed.
Anh ta đã nhờ sửa cái tivi của ấy.
Idiomatic expressions, including similes, metaphors, proverbs, and sayings, cannot be translated directly Instead, translators should aim to preserve the original phrase in inverted commas, provide a literal explanation in brackets, utilize close equivalents, or opt for a non-idiomatic or plain prose translation.
Example : One good turn deserves another.
The original style should be preserved, but any sloppy writing or tedious repetition can be refined For instance, instead of saying, "He ate, and drank, and talked, and asked during the meal," it can be streamlined for clarity.
Ông ta vừa ăn uống luôn miệng nói, hỏi suốt bữa ăn.
Situational context encompasses the various factors that influence the meaning of a text, making it more complex to identify than linguistic elements These factors include micro-level cues such as facial expressions, gestures, and body language, as well as broader social, political, economic, and cultural contexts Additionally, conventions and value systems can vary significantly across different cultures and societies, highlighting the importance of understanding these situational influences in communication.