DEL RIO INDUSTRIAL CONSULTANTS
4.05 Addresses and Telephone Numbers
a. Except for the number one, house numbers are expressed in figures:
540 Elm Street 17802 Washington Avenue One Colorado Boulevard 2 Highland Street
b. Street names containing numbers ten or lower are written entirely as words.
For street names involving numbers greater than ten, figures are used:
330 Third Street 3440 Seventh Avenue 6945 East 32nd Avenue 4903 West 23rd Street
c. Telephone numbers are expressed with figures. When used, the area code is placed in parentheses preceding the telephone number:
Please call us at (818) 347-0551 to place an order.
Mr. Sims asked you to call (619) 554-8923, Ext. 245, after 10 a.m.
4.06 Related Numbers. Numbers are related when they refer to similar items in a category within the same reference. All related numbers should be expressed as the largest number is expressed. Thus if the largest number is greater than ten, all the numbers should be expressed in figures:
Only 5 of the original 25 applicants completed the processing. (Related numbers require figures.)
The two plans affected 34 employees working in three sites. (Unrelated numbers use figures and words.)
Exxon Oil operated 86 rigs, of which 6 were rented. (Related numbers require figures.)
The company hired three accountants, one customer-service representative, and nine sales representatives. (Related numbers under ten use words.) 4.07 Consecutive Numbers. When two numbers appear consecutively and both modify a following noun, generally express the first number in words and the second in figures. If, however, the first number cannot be expressed in one or two words, place it in figures also (120 70-cent stamps). Do not use commas to separate the figures.
Historians divided the era into four 25-year periods. (Use word form for the first number and figure form for the second.)
We ordered ten 30-page color brochures. (Use word form for the first num- ber and figure form for the second.)
Did the manager request 150 100-watt bulbs? (Use figure form for the first number since it would require more than two words.)
4.08 Periods of Time. Seconds, minutes, days, weeks, months, and years are treated as any other general number. Numbers above ten are written in figure form. Numbers below ten are written in word form unless they represent a busi- ness concept such as a discount rate, interest rate, or warranty period.
This business was incorporated over 50 years ago. (Use figures for a num- ber above ten.)
It took three hours to write this short report. (Use words for a number under ten.)
The warranty period is limited to 2 years. (Use figures for a business term.) 4.09 Ages. Ages are generally expressed in word form unless the age appears immediately after a name or is expressed in exact years and months:
At the age of twenty-one, Elizabeth inherited the business.
Wanda Tharp, 37, was named acting president.
At the age of 4 years and 7 months, the child was adopted.
4.10 Round Numbers. Round numbers are approximations. They may be expressed in word or figure form, although figure form is shorter and easier to comprehend:
About 600 (or six hundred) stock options were sold.
It is estimated that 1,000 (or one thousand) people will attend.
For ease of reading, round numbers in the millions or billions should be expressed with a combination of figures and words:
At least 1.5 million readers subscribe to the ten top magazines.
Deposits in money market accounts totaled more than $115 billion.
4.11 Weights and Measurements. Weights and measurements are expressed with figures:
The new deposit slip measures 2 by 6 inches.
Her new suitcase weighed only 2 pounds 4 ounces.
Toledo is 60 miles from Detroit.
4.12 Fractions. Simple fractions are expressed as words. Complex fractions may be written either as figures or as a combination of figures and words:
Over two thirds of the stockholders have already voted.
This microcomputer will execute the command in 1 millionth of a second.
(A combination of words and numbers is easier to comprehend.) She purchased a one-fifth share in the business.*
4.13 Percentages and Decimals. Percentages are expressed with figures that are followed by the word percent. The percent sign (%) is used only on business forms or in statistical presentations:
We had hoped for a 7 percent interest rate, but we received a loan at 8 percent.
Over 50 percent of the residents supported the plan.
Decimals are expressed with figures. If a decimal expression does not contain a whole number (an integer) and does not begin with a zero, a zero should be placed before the decimal point:
The actuarial charts show that 1.74 out of 1,000 people will die in any given year.
Inspector Norris found the setting to be .005 inch off. (Decimal begins with a zero and does not require a zero before the decimal point.)
Considerable savings will accrue if the unit production cost is reduced 0.1 percent. (A zero is placed before a decimal that neither contains a whole number nor begins with a zero.)
Quick chart—expression of numbers
Use Words Use Figures
Numbers ten and under Numbers 11 and over Numbers at beginning of sentence Money
Ages Dates
Fractions Addresses and telephone numbers
Weights and measurements Percentages and decimals
Review Exercise N—Number Style
Write the preferred number style on the lines provided. Assume that these num- bers appear in business correspondence. When you finish, compare your responses with those provided. For each item on which you need review, consult the num- bered principle shown in parentheses.
1. (a) 2 alternatives (b) two alternatives
2. (a) Seventh Avenue (b) 7th Avenue
3. (a) sixty sales reps (b) 60 sales reps
4. (a) November ninth (b) November 9
5. (a) forty dollars (b) $40
6. (a) on the 23rd of May (b) on the twenty-third of May
7. (a) at 2:00 p.m. (b) at 2 p.m.
8. (a) 4 two-hundred-page books (b) four 200-page books 9. (a) at least 15 years ago (b) at least fifteen years ago 10. (a) 1,000,000 viewers (b) 1 million viewers
11. (a) twelve cents (b) 12 cents
12. (a) a sixty-day warranty (b) a 60-day warranty
*Notes: Fractions used as adjectives require hyphens.
13. (a) ten percent interest rate (b) 10 percent interest rate 14. (a) 4/5 of the voters (b) four fifths of the voters 15. (a) the rug measures four by six feet (b) the rug measures 4 by 6 feet 16. (a) about five hundred people attended (b) about 500 people attended 17. (a) at eight o’clock (b) at 8 o’clock
18. (a) located at 1 Wilshire Boulevard (b) located at One Wilshire Boulevard
19. (a) three computers for twelve people (b) three computers for 12 people 20. (a) 4 out of every 100 licenses (b) four out of every 100 licenses
1. b (4.01a) 3. b (4.01a) 5. b (4.02) 7. b (4.04) 9. a (4.08) 11. b (4.02) 13. b (4.13) 15. b (4.11) 17. a or b (4.04) 19. b (4.06)
Cumulative Editing Quiz 8
Use proofreading marks (see Appendix B) to correct errors and omissions in the following sentences. All errors must be corrected to receive credit for the sentence.
Check with your instructor for the answers.
1. My partner and myself will meet at our attorneys office at three p.m. on June ninth to sign our papers of incorporation.
2. Emily prepared 2 forty page business proposals to submit to the Senior Account Manager.
3. Of the 235 e-mail messages sent yesterday only seven bounced back.
4. Your short term loan for twenty-five thousand dollars covers a period of sixty days.
5. Each new employee must pick up their permanent parking permit for lot 3-A before the end of the 14 day probationary period.
6. 259 identity theft complaints were filed with the Federal trade commission on November second alone.
7. Robertas 11 page report was more easier to read then Davids because her’s was better organized and had good headings.
8. Every morning on the way to the office Tatiana picked up 2 lattes that cost a total of six dollars.
9. Taking 7 years to construct the forty thousand square foot home of Bill Gates reportedly cost more then fifty million dollars.
10. Many companys can increase profits nearly ninety percent by retaining only 5% more of there current customers.
Confusing Words
accede: to agree or consent exceed: over a limit
accept: to receive
except: to exclude; (prep) but adverse: opposing; antagonistic averse: unwilling; reluctant advice: suggestion, opinion advise: to counsel or recommend affect: to influence
effect: (n) outcome, result; (v) to bring about, to create
all ready: prepared already: by this time all right: satisfactory
alright: unacceptable variant spelling
altar: structure for worship alter: to change
appraise: to estimate apprise: to inform
ascent: (n) rising or going up assent: (v) to agree or consent
assure: to promise ensure: to make certain insure: to protect from loss capital: (n) city that is seat of
government; wealth of an individual; (adj) chief capitol: building that houses
state or national lawmakers cereal: breakfast food serial: arranged in sequence cite: to quote; to summon
site: location
sight: a view; to see coarse: rough texture
course: a route; part of a meal; a unit of learning
complement: that which completes compliment: (n) praise, flattery; (v) to
praise or flatter conscience: regard for fairness conscious: aware
council: governing body
counsel: (n) advice, attorney; (v) to give advice
credible: believable
creditable: good enough for praise or esteem; reliable desert: arid land; to abandon dessert: sweet food
device: invention or mechanism
devise: to design or arrange disburse: to pay out
disperse: to scatter widely elicit: to draw out illicit: unlawful
envelop: (v) to wrap, surround, or conceal
envelope: (n) a container for a written message every day: each single day everyday: ordinary
farther: a greater distance further: additional
formally: in a formal manner formerly: in the past
grate: (v) to reduce to small par- ticles; to cause irritation;
(n) a frame of crossed bars blocking a passage great: (adj) large in size;
numerous; eminent or distinguished
hole: an opening
whole: complete
imply: to suggest indirectly infer: to reach a conclusion lean: (v) to rest against; (adj)
not fat
lien: (n) a legal right or claim to property
liable: legally responsible libel: damaging written state-
ment loose: not fastened lose: to misplace
miner: person working in a mine minor: a lesser item; person
under age
patience: calm perseverance patients: people receiving medical
treatment
personal: private, individual personnel: employees
plaintiff: (n) one who initiates a lawsuit
plaintive: (adj) expressive of suf- fering or woe
populace: (n) the masses; popula- tion of a place
populous: (adj) densely populated precede: to go before
proceed: to continue precedence: priority
precedents: events used as an example principal: (n) capital sum; school
official; (adj) chief principle: rule of action stationary: immovable stationery: writing material than: conjunction showing
comparison
then: adverb meaning “at that time”
their: possessive form of they
there: at that place or point they’re: contraction of they are to: a preposition; the sign of
the infinitive
too: an adverb meaning “also”
or “to an excessive extent”
two: a number
waiver: abandonment of a claim waver: to shake or fluctuate
160 Frequently Misspelled Words
absence desirable independent prominent
accommodate destroy indispensable qualify
achieve development interrupt quantity
acknowledgment disappoint irrelevant questionnaire
across dissatisfied itinerary receipt
adequate division judgment receive
advisable efficient knowledge recognize
analyze embarrass legitimate recommendation
annually emphasis library referred
appointment emphasize license regarding
argument employee maintenance remittance
automatically envelope manageable representative
bankruptcy equipped manufacturer restaurant
becoming especially mileage schedule
beneficial evidently miscellaneous secretary
budget exaggerate mortgage separate
business excellent necessary similar
calendar exempt nevertheless sincerely
canceled existence ninety software
catalog extraordinary ninth succeed
changeable familiar noticeable sufficient
column fascinate occasionally supervisor
committee feasible occurred surprise
congratulate February offered tenant
conscience fiscal omission therefore
conscious foreign omitted thorough
consecutive forty opportunity though
consensus fourth opposite through
consistent friend ordinarily truly
control genuine paid undoubtedly
convenient government pamphlet unnecessarily
correspondence grammar permanent usable
courteous grateful permitted usage
criticize guarantee pleasant using
decision harass practical usually
deductible height prevalent valuable
defendant hoping privilege volume
definitely immediate probably weekday
dependent incidentally procedure writing
describe incredible profited yield
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Chapter 1
1. boundaries (1.05e) 2. C (1.05g) 3. companies (1.05e) 4. Sundays (1.05a) 5. attorneys (1.05d) 6. Sanchezes (1.05b) 7. 2000s (1.05g) 8. editors in chief (1.05f) 9. CPas (1.05g) 10. counties (1.05e) 11. runners up (1.05f) 12. C (1.05d) 13. liabilities (1.05e) 14. C (1.05h) 15. brothers-in-law (1.05.f)
Chapter 2
1. he (1.08b) 2. his (1.09b) 3. me (1.08c) 4. Who (1.08j) 5. yours (1.08d) 6. me (1.08c) 7. I (1.08a) 8. ours (1.08d) 9. whoever (1.08j) 10. me (1.08i) 11. he (1.08f) 12. we (1.08g) 13. her (1.09b) 14. she (1.08f) 15. his or her (1.09b)
Chapter 3
1. are for is (1.10e) 2. has for have (1.10c) 3. offers for offer (1.10d) 4. is for are (1.10g) 5. C (1.10f) 6. is for are (1.10i) 7. C (1.10h) 8. chosen for chose (1.15) 9. lain for laid (1.15) 10. were for was (1.12) 11. is for are (1.10c) 12. b (1.15c) 13. b (1.15c) 14. a (1.15c) 15. b (1.15c) Chapter 4
1. state-of-the-art (1.17e) 2. quickly (1.17d) 3. their (1.17g) 4. collected only (1.17f) 5. 18-week (1.17e) 6. site-by-site (1.17e) 7. their (1.17g) 8. spur-of-the- moment (1.17e) 9. badly (1.17d) 10. well-thought-out (1.17e) 11. bad (1.17d) 12. more (1.16) 13. run faster (1.17d) 14. case-by-case (1.17e) 15. smoothly (1.17d) Chapter 5
1. a (1.18a) 2. b (1.19c) 3. b (1.19d) 4. b (1.19c) 5. a.
(1.19a) 6. a (1.18b) 7. b (1.19d) 8. b (1.18c) 9. b (1.19c) 10. b (1.18b) 11. a (1.19a) 12. b (1.19b) 13. a (1.18d) 14. b (1.18b) 15. b (1.18a)
Chapter 6
1. 2 (2.03) not, as a rule, 2. 2 (2.02) may be sure, Ms. Ebert, 3. 2 (2.01) among friends, former colleagues, 4. 0 5. 1 (2.03) as a matter of fact, 6. 1 (2.03) In the meantime, 7. 2 (2.04a) March 1, 2005, 8. 4 (2.04c) albany, New York, to atlanta, Georgia, 9. 2 (2.01) Eric Wong, Teresa Cabrillo, 10. 4 (2.04b) Summers, 1339 Kearsley Street, Flint, MI, 11. 2 (2.03) think, needless to say, 12. 2 (2.03) feel, however, 13. 2 (2.01) hiring company, prepared success stories, 14. 0 15. 1 (2.02) you, Mr. Powell.
Chapter 7
1. 1 (2.06a) desperate, they 2. 1 (2.05) more aggres- sive, and 3. 0 (2.05) 4. 2 (2.09) Deborah Wang, search
firm, 5. 1 (2.08) reliable, hardworking 6. 1 (2.07) 16 months, 7. 2 (2.06c) manager, six months, 8. 0 (2.05) 9. 1 (2.06a) candidate, 10. 0 (2.06c) 11. 4 (2.07, 2.01) company, press releases, annual reports, media coverage, 12. 3 (2.06a, 2.04a) hired, Monday, May 15, 13. 2 (2.07, 2.06c) pay, interview, 14. 1 (2.03) as a matter of fact, 15. 3 (2.06a, 2.04a) opportunity, Tuesday, February 3, Chapter 8
1. 2 (2.14a) science, observer, 2. 3 (2.10) Cox, PhD, Pam
Rankey, MBa 3. 1 (2.14b) persuasion, 4. 0 (2.15) 5. 1 (2.12) learn, 6. 3 (2.06a, 2.01) heard, trust, negotiations, 7. 4 (2.03, 2.01) think, however, much, overpromise, 8. 2 (2.07, 2.06c) position, Haddock, 9. 4 (2.07, 2.01) 20, sell, convince, influence, 10. 2 (2.06a, 2.11) campaign, first week; second week, only 4 11. 2 (2.07, 2.09) years, indi- viduals, 12. 2 (2.06c, 2.15) Guerro, week, 13. 1 (2.06a) persuasion, 14. 2 (2.14a) successful, author, 15. 4 (2.01, 2.06) memo, e-mail, presentation, boss,
Chapter 9
1. 3 (2.03, 2.16b) less; financing, hand, 2. 3 (2.01, 2.17a) months: October, November, 3. 2 (2.16a) finances;
however, 4. 2 (2.16a) lenders; therefore, 5. 1 (2.17b) are [delete colon] 6. 1 (2.16b) credit risks; 7. 3 (2.17a, 2.01) credit score: credit history, (b) new credit, 8. 9 (2.16d, 2.17) speakers: Cruz, consultant, Credit Specialists;
Margaret Lee, founder, Credit Solutions; and Judith Plutsky, legal counsel, Liberty Financial 9. 1 (2.05) score, 10. 4 (2.16e, 2.01) factors; for example, your age, salary, 11. 3 (2.06c, 2.17) Credit Solutions, service, score: 12. 4 (2.06a, 2.04b) Credit Solutions, Margaret Lee, 3520 Troy Highway, Montgomery, aL 36104 13. 5 (2.06c, 2.08, 2.16a) Lee, Solutions, experienced, courteous staff; however, 14. 1 (2.16c) historic lows;
15. 4 (2.18, 2.06a, 2.01) said: score, card accounts, no late payments,
Chapter 10
1. (2.20a) Hanley’s 2. (2.20b) weeks’ 3. (2.20b) year’s 4. (2.21) Peterson’s 5. (2.20b) employees’ 6. (2.20b) witness’s 7. (2.22) Robin’s 8. (2.20a) money’s 9. C
10. (2.20a) month’s 11. (2.20b) boss’s 12. (2.20a) secretary’s 13. C 14. (2.20a) company’s 15. (2.20b) businesses’
Chapter 11
1. 2 (2.26a) employees–Santiago Wilson, Rae Thomas, and Charles Stoop– 2. 3 (2.02, 2.23a) please, Jonathon, six o’clock. [delete question mark] 3. 3 (2.28c, 2.06a)
“e-mail” without the hyphen, 4. 1 (2.26c) Bechtel–
5. 2 (2.26a) checks (drug, credit, and criminal)
Key to Grammar/Mechanics Checkups K E Y t o G R A M M A R / M E C H A N I C s C H E C K U P s
6. 3 (2.28f) said, windshield”? 7. 4. (2.28e, 2.28f)
“Wireless Poor” The New York Times? (italics possible) 8. 2 (2.26a) live–Vienna, Zurich, and Geneva– 9. 5 (2.23a, 2.23b, 2.24) Dr. Lisa Uhl, Ms. Ginger Ortiz, and Mr. Orrin T. Tapia? 10. 3 (2.28e) “The almost Perfect Meeting” The Etiquette advantage in Business (italics possible) 11. 2 (2.25, 2.24) Incredible! today! 12. 1 (2.23) Google ad. [delete question mark] 13. 2 (2.28c, 2.28f)
“party.” 14. 3 (2.23b, 2.24) 6 p.m.? 15. 3 (2.28d) autore- gressive “using past data to predict future data.”
Chapter 12
1. 7 (3.01, 3.07) Bank america headquarters Suite Scottsdale Fire Department 2. 6 (3.01, 3.02, 3.06d) Europe British French vice president Hotels 3. 5 (3.01, 3.06a) management team union Mayor agreement 4. 5 (3.01, 3.05) Boston Marathon Boston Patriot’s Day 5. 5 (3.01, 3.05) University New Mexico Italian Italy 6. 5 (3.01). Internet Google Facebook YouTube 7. 5 (3.01, 3.10) federal government January state county 8. 0 (3.06e, 3.16) 9. 7 (3.01, 3.04, 3.06e) vice president president Securities Exchange Commission company 10. 6 (3.01, 3.06g, 3.14) uncle Surfrider Beach Malibu moon stars 11. 5 (3.06d, 3.06e, 3.09, 3.01) manager advertising Media Department Google 12. 6 (3.316, 3.06a, 3.01) fall faculty advisor asia australia China 13. 9 (3.01, 3.06g, 3.03) February father Summer Waves
Water Park Jekyll Island Georgia 14. 3 (3.07, 3.09, 3.05) Business Division master’s 15. 8 (3.07, 3.12, 3.04, 3.02) Figure Chapter analysis Population Growth Census Bureau non-English
Chapter 13
1. 20 (4.01a) 2. Fourth (4.05b) 3. 12 (4.01a) 4. June 1 (4.03) 5. $40 (4.02) 6. 15th (4.03) 7. 3 p.m. (4.04) 8. four 3-page (4.07) 9. 40 (4.01, 4.08) 10. 3 million (4.10) 11. Sixteen (4.01b) 12. 50 (4.02) 13. twenty-one (4.09) 14. 7 (4.13) 15. 4 (4.06)
Chapter 14
1. nurses is escorted to her car 2. must have been he score, although it’s 3. office manager asked Rachel and me four hours 4. gym and jogging 20 miles a week are 5. Three types control: holding costs, ordering costs, 6. If I were he, questionnaire 7. acceleration; however, lower revolutions mean better 8. team’s day-to-day operations include [delete colon] products, 9. had seen the shipper’s bill, paid 10. convenient, three copies company’s color logo. [no question mark] 11. it was he boss’s desk? 12. one half of Pizza Hut’s 6,000 deliveries;
concentrate on walk-in 13. Everything except 5-year 14. director felt, nevertheless, an interview 15. degree, in [delete colon] Dallas,
Endnotes
I N D E X IN
Italic page numbers indicate illustrative information in figures.
A
Abbreviations avoid, 20
commas with, GM-27
of state, territories, and provinces, A-10
ABI/Inform, 286 Abstract nouns, GM-6 Academic courses and degrees,
capitalization of, GM-39 Acceptance letters, 471 Acronyms, 20 Action request
close with, 145
in business letters, 145–146 in persuasive message,
213–215 in sales message, 223 Action verbs, 417 Action-specific verbs, 20 Active voice, 68, 68, GM-12 Adaptation
of text and color selections to multimedia presentation, 377–378
to audience, 36, 42–44 to task, 42–44 Address
commas with, GM-23 commas with direct, GM-22 inside, A-4–A-5
mailing, A-9
number style of, GM-44 plain-paper return, A-7 return, A-8
Addressee, A-3
Adjectives, GM-16–GM-18 capitalization of proper, GM-38 commas with, GM-25 forms, GM-16 function of, GM-6 guidelines for use,
GM-17–GM-18 Adjustment letters, 152–158, 155 Adverbs, GM-16–GM-18
conjunctive, 65, GM-29–GM-30 forms, GM-16
function of, GM-6 guidelines for use,
GM-17–GM-18
Age
capitalizing on workforce diversity, 21 number style of, GM-45 Agenda of meeting, 348–349, 349 Agreement
guidelines for pronoun- antecedent, GM-9–GM-10 guidelines for verb-subject,
GM-11–GM-12 of team on purpose and
procedures, 346 AIDA pattern (attention, interest,
desire, and action), 220, 221 Ambiguous wording, avoid, 20 American Psychological Association
(APA), 293, A-18–A-19 format, 304
in-text format, A-18 reference format, A-18–A-19 references, A-19
text page and references, A-18 Analogies, 372
Analysis of audience, 37 of purpose, 36 Analytical reports, 247–248 Anticipation of audience, 41–42,
377 Apology
in adjustment letter, 156 in negative news, 182–183 Apostrophes, GM-32 Appearance
of business documents, 15 personal, 15
power of, 15
Appended questions, commas with, GM-27
Appendix, 304
Applicant-tracking software, 421, 423–424
Application follow-up message, 470
Application form, 469–470 Appositives, commas with, GM-26 Article summary, 263
Articles, omit in Web search, 287 Attachment, e-mail message, A-2 Attention
faking in listening, 11 preparing sales and marketing
messages, 220–221 Attention line of business letter, A-5
Audience
adapting to, 42–44
analysis and report organization, 248
analyzing, 41
anticipating, 41–42, 377 attention, 369 benefits of, 42
gaining and keeping attention, 369
improving communication among diverse workplace, 21
keeping engaged during slideshow, 383 knowing one’s, 366 profiling, 41, 42
rapport, oral presentation building, 372–374 response determines pattern of
organization, 62 types of, 367
using PowerPoint effectively with, 382
Audioconference, 40 Authorization request, 283 Awards, honors, and activities on
résumé, 418–419
B
Background, in report, 303, 309–310 Bad news
announcing to employees, 193, 197
breaking within organizations, 191–195
delivering personally, 192–193 follow-up message, 192 ideas for delivering sensitively,
165
presenting reasons in, 183 techniques for cushioning of,
185–186 Balanced wording, 68 Bar chart, 296, 297–298, 381 Barriers to effective listening, 11 Bcc (blind carbon copy) e-mail
message, A-1
Beginning words, capitalization of, GM-41
Behavior
controlling dysfunctional, 352 embracing ethical, 330–334
positive and negative team, 345, 345
professional, 332, 333
relationship between ethics and professional, 332–333 Best practices for using e-mail,
111–115 Bias-free language, 46 Bibliographic indexes, 285 Bibliography, 304 Blanket mailings, 225 Block style, 144, A-8
and modified block letter styles, A-4
Blogs, 9, 40, 227
and social networks, 287–288 for internal communication and
recruiting, 121 for market research, 121 for public relations, 120–121 how companies use, 120 tips for creating professional,
121–122 used for research, 454 using for business, 118–123 using to connect with
stakeholders, 227–228 with online communities, 121 Body
in oral presentations, 368–371 of adjustment letter, 156 of business letter, A-5 of cover letter, 435–436 of e-mail message or memo,
108–109, 111 of report, 303–304 Boldface, 90
for emphasis, 66
Books provide historical in-depth data, 285
Boss, persuading, 217–218 Brackets, GM-36 Brainstorming, 60 Budget, 282 Bullets
in slides, 379–380, 380 lists for quick comprehension,
90 6-x-6 rule, 379 Business
conducting productive, 348–353 using podcasts, blogs, and wikis
for, 118–123
using smartphones for, 341–342
Business communicators, comparing high- and low-context, 17 Business documents, eye appeal
of, 15
Business e-mail messages, 4 Business etiquette, 330–334 Business letters, A-2–A-11
confidential, 143
formality and sensitivity of, 143 formatting, 143–144, 144 parts of, A-3–A-8 permanent record of, 143 persuasive, 143 understanding, 142–143 Business messages
primary purpose to inform or persuade, 36
secondary purpose to promote goodwill, 36
writing process for, 36–38 Business presentation
after, 390 during, 389
polishing delivery and following up, 386–390
preparation before, 387–388 Business reports, 288
Business titles, capitalization of, GM-39
Business writing, basics of, 36–37 Businesslike, professional e-mail
message, 4
C
Campus career center, 407 Capabilities on résumé, 418 Caperton, Gaston, 3 Capitalization, 89–90,
GM-38–GM-41 for emphasis, 66
Career communication skills, 6 Career information, 407
Career objective on résumé, 414–415 Career path, choosing, 407–408 Career, importance of
communication skills to, 2–3 CareerBuilder, 409
CareerJournal, 409 Carter, Stephen L., 332 Case
guidelines for selecting, GM-8–GM-9 of pronouns, GM-7–GM-8 sensitivity in Internet search, 287 Cc (carbon copy or courtesy copy)
e-mail message, A-1 Celestial bodies, capitalization of,
GM-41 Cell phones, 5, 36
practicing professional etiquette, 339–343, 341
turn off for interview, 459 using professionally, 340 Ceremony, important in some
cultures, 18 Channel, 7
choosing communication, 40 selecting the best, 39 switching to faster, 39
Charts, using computer to produce, 302
Chismar, Douglas, 332 Chronological order, 293 Chronological résumés, 413
with limited experience, 421 with limited relevant experience,
423
with related experience, 422 with substantial experience, 424 Citation formats, 292–293 Civility, 330, 331 Claim letters, 217
Claim messages, composing, 215–216
Claims
composing persuasive, 215–216 denying, 188, 189
direct, 150–151 refusing typical, 187–191 Clarity
commas with, GM-27 revising for, 84–86 Clichés, 86
defined, 86
Clock time, number style of, GM-44 Closing
bad news messages, 186 e-mail message, 109, A-2 line, 111
of business letter, A-6 of cover letter, 436–437 pleasantly, 186 showing confidence in,
157–158
with action request, 145–146 Coherence, 70, 70
Collaboration, teams’ ability in, 347 Collaborative technologies,
communication and, 8–9 Collective nouns, GM-7 College Grad, 409 Colons, GM-30–GM-31 Commas, GM-22–GM-28
overuse of, GM-28
Comma-splice sentences, defined, 65 Commercial job boards, 410 Committee names, capitalization of,
GM-40
Common nouns, GM-6 Communication
and collaborative technologies, 7–8
channels, choosing, 40
defined, 7
different styles in high- and low- text cultures, 18
how culture affects, 15–21 innovative technologies in, 6 instant message for brief, fast, 112 projecting professionalism in, 5 technology, 106–107 Communication process, 10
understanding, 7–10 Communication skills, 2–7
build career, 6
importance of to career, 2–3 mastering nonverbal, 12–15 Communication techniques,
effective team use of, 346–347 Communication technologies,
reshaping the world of work, 8 Company database for online
résumé information, 431 Company intranets, 8 Company policy, bad news
messages, 184
Company records, facts for reports from, 253
Company Web sites, 410
Comparative form of adjectives and adverbs, GM-16
Complaint messages, 215–216, 217 Complex documents, proofreading
of, 93–94
Complex sentence, defined, 64 Composing first draft, 71 Composing persuasive claims and
complaints, 215–216 Compose messages, collecting
information to, 58–60 Compound sentence, defined, 64 Compound-complex sentence,
defined, 64
Comprehension, numbering and bulleting lists for quick, 90 Compromise or alternative,
suggestion of in bad news message, 186
Conciseness in e-mail, 113 revising for, 83–84 Conclusion, 304, 313 of meeting, 353
placement of in direct and indirect strategies, 293 summarizing in oral presentation,
371–372 Concrete nouns, GM-6 Condolences, express, 160–161 Conflict
dealing with, 352
teams’ ability to confront, 346 Confusing words, GM-47–GM-48 Conjunctions, GM-19–GM-20
coordinating, 64
function of, GM-6 guidelines for use,
GM-19–GM-20 Conjunctive adverbs, 64,
GM-29–GM-30
Connecting with stakeholders, using Facebook, blogs, wikis, and other social media, 227 Consecutive numbers, number style
of, GM-45
Constructive criticism on the job, providing, 338
Content e-mail, 113 notes, A-15
organizing for impact, 367–372 Context, 16–17
Contractions, 20
Contrasting statements, commas with, GM-27
Conventional teams in workplace, 344
Conversation, face-to-face, 40 Conversational but professional,
44–45
Coordinating conjunction, 64 Copy notation, A-6
Correction symbols, A-12–A-14 Correctness, e-mail, 113 Courteous language, 46 Cover letter
body of, 435–436 closing of, 436–437 final tips for, 438 opening, 432 persuasive, 431–438 sending, 437, 437 solicited, 434 unsolicited, 435 Credit, refusing, 190–191 Criticism
constructive, 338–339 responding professionally,
337–338 Cultural differences, 115 Cultures
diverse, 15 group-oriented, 17
affects communication, 16–18 low-context, 16
nonverbal messages, meanings in different, 13
Customers
adjustment letter, 155 dealing with disappointed, 191
D
Dangling and misplaced modifiers, avoiding, 69
Dashes, GM-35 for emphasis, 66