Much great networking matter came from Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). Novell NetWare is no exception; it was derived from Xerox Network Systems (XNS) in the early 1980s.
It is a client-server network operating system (NOS) well known for its file and print services.
Cisco routers are found in Novell networks because they offer features not available in Novell's own product implementations. This chapter focuses on common issues in supporting Novell clients, servers, and Cisco routers in a day-to-day practical environment. This chapter assumes knowledge of the previous chapters, which dealt with protocol characteristics, models,
troubleshooting methods, support tools, resources, and TCP/IP communications.
Throughout the chapter, you will apply a layered troubleshooting methodology to analyze real- world Novell IPX network issues, such as encapsulation, addressing, protocols, client
initialization, and server login including routing and Service Advertisement Protocol (SAP) traffic.
You will also identify targets and document the results using IPX ping, show, clear, debug, monitor, config, inetcfg, and other troubleshooting utilities; explore precaptured NetWare- related protocol analyzer files and sniff the network on your own to spot the issues. Analyze, break, fix, and learn from doing is what troubleshooting is all about. Supporting Novell is no different.
This chapter covers the following topics:
Scenario: Shooting Trouble with IPX Protocols and Packets
Addressing Routing Protocols Trouble Tickets
Trouble Tickets Solutions
Supporting Website Files
You can find files and links to utilities that support this book on the Cisco Press website at www.ciscopress.com/1587200570. Even if you do not have a lab, you can take advantage of the supporting configuration files including the logs to understand device input and output. The files are listed throughout the chapters in italics.
In order to be able to read and work with some of the supporting files offered at www.ciscopress.com/1587200570, you may want to download some of the programs listed in Table I-1 in the Introduction.
• Table of Contents
• Index
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting By Donna L. Harrington
Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: April 04, 2003
ISBN: 1-58720-057-0 Pages: 840
Hands-on practice for the CCNP Troubleshooting exam with TCP/IP, LAN, and WAN trouble tickets based on Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics.
With this book, you can:
Set up and follow along with real-world lab scenarios aligned to each exam topic, with or without the actual equipment
Establish a baseline and document your physical and logical network
Identify troubleshooting targets using ping, trace, show, clear, debug, and other troubleshooting tools and utilities
Diagnose and troubleshoot actual problems by following along with author-provided Catalyst(r) OS and Cisco IOS(r) Software command input, output, and logging Use instructor-developed problem-isolation methods to resolve Trouble Tickets
"Sniff" the wire to spot network issues
Analyze local and remote access problems in Ethernet networks, including issues with cabling, speed and duplex, utilization and collisions, bandwidth, CSMA/CD, one-way link, auto negotiation, addressing, encapsulation, and more
Apply a layered troubleshooting methodology to real-life routing and switching environments
Designed for aspiring CCNP and CCIE(r) professionals, this indispensable lab guide builds on Cisco(r) Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics that prepare you for the CCNP
Troubleshooting exam. Full of practical exercises that get you ready for challenges on the job, CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting gives you an edge over the competition through real- world application of LAN and WAN topics.
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting provides you with practical information on all the important concepts central to the troubleshooting portion of the CCNP certification, including
• Table of Contents
• Index
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting By Donna L. Harrington
Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: April 04, 2003
ISBN: 1-58720-057-0 Pages: 840
Hands-on practice for the CCNP Troubleshooting exam with TCP/IP, LAN, and WAN trouble tickets based on Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics.
With this book, you can:
Set up and follow along with real-world lab scenarios aligned to each exam topic, with or without the actual equipment
Establish a baseline and document your physical and logical network
Identify troubleshooting targets using ping, trace, show, clear, debug, and other troubleshooting tools and utilities
Diagnose and troubleshoot actual problems by following along with author-provided Catalyst(r) OS and Cisco IOS(r) Software command input, output, and logging Use instructor-developed problem-isolation methods to resolve Trouble Tickets
"Sniff" the wire to spot network issues
Analyze local and remote access problems in Ethernet networks, including issues with cabling, speed and duplex, utilization and collisions, bandwidth, CSMA/CD, one-way link, auto negotiation, addressing, encapsulation, and more
Apply a layered troubleshooting methodology to real-life routing and switching environments
Designed for aspiring CCNP and CCIE(r) professionals, this indispensable lab guide builds on Cisco(r) Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics that prepare you for the CCNP
Troubleshooting exam. Full of practical exercises that get you ready for challenges on the job, CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting gives you an edge over the competition through real- world application of LAN and WAN topics.
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting provides you with practical information on all the important concepts central to the troubleshooting portion of the CCNP certification, including
Scenario: Shooting Trouble with IPX
This chapter starts with the same hands-on scenario you left off with at the Trouble Tickets at the end of the Chapter 3, "Shooting Trouble with IP." Now is a good time to erase your
configurations from previous labs and configure the Cisco router portion according to Figure 4-1.
Rewiring is not necessary unless you want the practice.
Figure 4-1. Shooting Trouble with IPX
NOTE
Like the preceding chapter, my lab uses the 2514, 2501, 3640, 3620, and 2516 Cisco routers; but yours can include any number of devices that have similar interfaces. See Appendix C, "Equipment Reference," for the hardware used throughout the book.
The scenario goal is to configure the routers, servers, and clients using Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) as the routed protocol and IPX Routing Information Protocol (RIP) as the routing protocol to ensure end-to-end connectivity. More importantly, you need to document your steps and any problems along the way. Configure the routers starting with r1 first and work your way through r5.
• Table of Contents
• Index
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting By Donna L. Harrington
Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: April 04, 2003
ISBN: 1-58720-057-0 Pages: 840
Hands-on practice for the CCNP Troubleshooting exam with TCP/IP, LAN, and WAN trouble tickets based on Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics.
With this book, you can:
Set up and follow along with real-world lab scenarios aligned to each exam topic, with or without the actual equipment
Establish a baseline and document your physical and logical network
Identify troubleshooting targets using ping, trace, show, clear, debug, and other troubleshooting tools and utilities
Diagnose and troubleshoot actual problems by following along with author-provided Catalyst(r) OS and Cisco IOS(r) Software command input, output, and logging Use instructor-developed problem-isolation methods to resolve Trouble Tickets
"Sniff" the wire to spot network issues
Analyze local and remote access problems in Ethernet networks, including issues with cabling, speed and duplex, utilization and collisions, bandwidth, CSMA/CD, one-way link, auto negotiation, addressing, encapsulation, and more
Apply a layered troubleshooting methodology to real-life routing and switching environments
Designed for aspiring CCNP and CCIE(r) professionals, this indispensable lab guide builds on Cisco(r) Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics that prepare you for the CCNP
Troubleshooting exam. Full of practical exercises that get you ready for challenges on the job, CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting gives you an edge over the competition through real- world application of LAN and WAN topics.
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting provides you with practical information on all the important concepts central to the troubleshooting portion of the CCNP certification, including Remember, however, that there is not always one right or wrong way to accomplish the tasks presented. The ability to obtain the end result using good practices is extremely important in any real-world network. Starting in Example 4-1, my troubleshooting and device configurations enable you to compare your work and perhaps see a different approach to obtaining the end result. Refer to Figure 4-1 as you continue to set up and troubleshoot.
Although I give you Figure 4-1, it is really a better practice to draw your own network diagram.
Alternatively, use different-colored pens or pencils and add to the IP scenario from the preceding chapter. Label interfaces DCE or DTE and document device names, locations, Layer 2 and Layer 3 addresses, encapsulation types, routed and bridged protocols, access control lists (ACLs), and configuration files. Then verify full connectivity. Perform some simple ping ipx tests (as shown in Table 4-1), run show tech-support, and document everything. All of this gives you a starting point for normal baseline activity when your network is running well. Keep in mind that although NetWare 5.x and 6.x are native IP environments, I want you to concentrate on IPX-related baselining for this chapter.
Table 4-1. IPX Troubleshooting Checklist
Isolating Problems Commands and
Symptoms On the Novell client:
Physical cable and NIC
Drivers, encapsulation, IPX address, other protocols Client software
ipxroute config ipconfig /all (if also running IP)
slist rconsole
net config workstation net config server Use protocol analyzer to get addresses
Network Neighborhood properties
On the Novell server:
Physical cable and NIC
Drivers, encapsulation, IPX address, other protocols Server software
config
display servers display networks load monitor load inetcfg load startup.ncf load autoexec.ncf
• Table of Contents
• Index
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting By Donna L. Harrington
Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: April 04, 2003
ISBN: 1-58720-057-0 Pages: 840
Hands-on practice for the CCNP Troubleshooting exam with TCP/IP, LAN, and WAN trouble tickets based on Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics.
With this book, you can:
Set up and follow along with real-world lab scenarios aligned to each exam topic, with or without the actual equipment
Establish a baseline and document your physical and logical network
Identify troubleshooting targets using ping, trace, show, clear, debug, and other troubleshooting tools and utilities
Diagnose and troubleshoot actual problems by following along with author-provided Catalyst(r) OS and Cisco IOS(r) Software command input, output, and logging Use instructor-developed problem-isolation methods to resolve Trouble Tickets
"Sniff" the wire to spot network issues
Analyze local and remote access problems in Ethernet networks, including issues with cabling, speed and duplex, utilization and collisions, bandwidth, CSMA/CD, one-way link, auto negotiation, addressing, encapsulation, and more
Apply a layered troubleshooting methodology to real-life routing and switching environments
Designed for aspiring CCNP and CCIE(r) professionals, this indispensable lab guide builds on Cisco(r) Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics that prepare you for the CCNP
Troubleshooting exam. Full of practical exercises that get you ready for challenges on the job, CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting gives you an edge over the competition through real- world application of LAN and WAN topics.
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting provides you with practical information on all the important concepts central to the troubleshooting portion of the CCNP certification, including
On the Cisco router:
Ping Show Trace Debug
Note: externalipx is the network number for the wire like an IP subnet number. internalipx is the network number internal to the Novell server.
ipx ping-default ? ping ipx
externalipx.mac-address ping ipx
internalipx.0.0.1 show ipx interface brief
show run interface e0 show ipx interface e0 show interfaces e0 show ipx servers show ipx route show protocols show ipx cache show ipx access-list show ipx traffic debug ipx routing ? debug ipx sap ? show tech-support NetBIOS, sockets, and name resolution issues See the IP checklist in
Chapter 3
Table 4-1 gives you a layered yet divide-and-conquer approach to quickly spotting IPX client, server, or router issues. Just as with troubleshooting IP, understanding the problem is most of the battle. You may find problems such as workgroup/domain issues, client issues, file and print services issues, protocol issues, primary network login issues, browser service issues, license issues, Directory services issues, socket issues, NetWare Loadable Module (NLM) issues, version issues, application issues, and so on. If you can't communicate with your local router interface, however, it is a little difficult to communicate with a remote host. If you can communicate with one remote host but not another, check the configuration on the other remote host. With NetWare, the client configuration is intentionally very simple. If the client gets the frame type (encapsulation) correct, it will likely work.
NOTE
When shooting Novell trouble, remember to check the following websites for help:
Cisco (www.cisco.com/tac), Novell (support.novell.com), Microsoft
(www.microsoft.com/technet), and other hardware and software vendors.
• Table of Contents
• Index
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting By Donna L. Harrington
Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: April 04, 2003
ISBN: 1-58720-057-0 Pages: 840
Hands-on practice for the CCNP Troubleshooting exam with TCP/IP, LAN, and WAN trouble tickets based on Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics.
With this book, you can:
Set up and follow along with real-world lab scenarios aligned to each exam topic, with or without the actual equipment
Establish a baseline and document your physical and logical network
Identify troubleshooting targets using ping, trace, show, clear, debug, and other troubleshooting tools and utilities
Diagnose and troubleshoot actual problems by following along with author-provided Catalyst(r) OS and Cisco IOS(r) Software command input, output, and logging Use instructor-developed problem-isolation methods to resolve Trouble Tickets
"Sniff" the wire to spot network issues
Analyze local and remote access problems in Ethernet networks, including issues with cabling, speed and duplex, utilization and collisions, bandwidth, CSMA/CD, one-way link, auto negotiation, addressing, encapsulation, and more
Apply a layered troubleshooting methodology to real-life routing and switching environments
Designed for aspiring CCNP and CCIE(r) professionals, this indispensable lab guide builds on Cisco(r) Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics that prepare you for the CCNP
Troubleshooting exam. Full of practical exercises that get you ready for challenges on the job, CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting gives you an edge over the competition through real- world application of LAN and WAN topics.
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting provides you with practical information on all the important concepts central to the troubleshooting portion of the CCNP certification, including Using the Figure 4-1 scenario diagram, configure r1 similar to what is in Example 4-1.
Throughout the following examples, I have made a few careless mistakes that you may or may not make. I will troubleshoot them as required or when all my routers are configured. I am using the same terminal server configuration from Example 3-1 in Chapter 3.
NOTE
It is of extreme importance that you know the mode from which the command can be issued. At times I tend to issue global configuration commands in interface mode. This works just fine so long as you don't need help in the midst of the command. If you are unsure, however, type the command from the appropriate mode and make use of the Tab key and ? for help.
Example 4-1. r1 Configuration (2514)
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal Router(config)#hostname r1
r1(config)#enable password donna r1(config)#line vty 0 4
r1(config-line)#login
r1(config-line)#password donna r1(config-line)#interface serial 0 r1(config-if)#bandwidth 64
r1(config-if)#exit r1(config)#ipx ?
% Unrecognized command r1(config)#end
r1#show version
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-IS-L), Version 12.0(5), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
• Table of Contents
• Index
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting By Donna L. Harrington
Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: April 04, 2003
ISBN: 1-58720-057-0 Pages: 840
Hands-on practice for the CCNP Troubleshooting exam with TCP/IP, LAN, and WAN trouble tickets based on Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics.
With this book, you can:
Set up and follow along with real-world lab scenarios aligned to each exam topic, with or without the actual equipment
Establish a baseline and document your physical and logical network
Identify troubleshooting targets using ping, trace, show, clear, debug, and other troubleshooting tools and utilities
Diagnose and troubleshoot actual problems by following along with author-provided Catalyst(r) OS and Cisco IOS(r) Software command input, output, and logging Use instructor-developed problem-isolation methods to resolve Trouble Tickets
"Sniff" the wire to spot network issues
Analyze local and remote access problems in Ethernet networks, including issues with cabling, speed and duplex, utilization and collisions, bandwidth, CSMA/CD, one-way link, auto negotiation, addressing, encapsulation, and more
Apply a layered troubleshooting methodology to real-life routing and switching environments
Designed for aspiring CCNP and CCIE(r) professionals, this indispensable lab guide builds on Cisco(r) Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics that prepare you for the CCNP
Troubleshooting exam. Full of practical exercises that get you ready for challenges on the job, CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting gives you an edge over the competition through real- world application of LAN and WAN topics.
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting provides you with practical information on all the important concepts central to the troubleshooting portion of the CCNP certification, including ...
System image file is "flash:c2500-i
00:03:53: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoles-l.120-5.bin"
cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision L) with 2048K/2048K bytes of memory.
...
8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) Configuration register is 0x2102
NOTE
The system file image name ended up with text in the middle of it. This can be quite annoying in practice. Had I turned on logging synchronous, things like this would not have been interrupted. You should turn this command on for your configurations.
Obviously, there are some IPX issues with r1. Review the output and in particular the shaded areas. You may or may not have the same types of issues I am having. Hence you may be able to go a little further with your configuration. For now, if you are experiencing difficulty, you should continue on to configure r2 through r5. Actually, I am having similar issues with r2 recognizing IPX, so I moved on to r3 in Example 4-2.
Example 4-2. r3 Configuration (3640)
Router(config)#hostname r3
r3(config)#enable password donna r3(config-line)#line vty 0 4 r3(config-line)#login
r3(config-line)#password donna
r3(config-line)#interface serial 0/0 r3(config-if)#bandwidth 64
r3(config-if)#clock rate 64000 r3(config-if)#no shut
• Table of Contents
• Index
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting By Donna L. Harrington
Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: April 04, 2003
ISBN: 1-58720-057-0 Pages: 840
Hands-on practice for the CCNP Troubleshooting exam with TCP/IP, LAN, and WAN trouble tickets based on Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics.
With this book, you can:
Set up and follow along with real-world lab scenarios aligned to each exam topic, with or without the actual equipment
Establish a baseline and document your physical and logical network
Identify troubleshooting targets using ping, trace, show, clear, debug, and other troubleshooting tools and utilities
Diagnose and troubleshoot actual problems by following along with author-provided Catalyst(r) OS and Cisco IOS(r) Software command input, output, and logging Use instructor-developed problem-isolation methods to resolve Trouble Tickets
"Sniff" the wire to spot network issues
Analyze local and remote access problems in Ethernet networks, including issues with cabling, speed and duplex, utilization and collisions, bandwidth, CSMA/CD, one-way link, auto negotiation, addressing, encapsulation, and more
Apply a layered troubleshooting methodology to real-life routing and switching environments
Designed for aspiring CCNP and CCIE(r) professionals, this indispensable lab guide builds on Cisco(r) Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics that prepare you for the CCNP
Troubleshooting exam. Full of practical exercises that get you ready for challenges on the job, CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting gives you an edge over the competition through real- world application of LAN and WAN topics.
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting provides you with practical information on all the important concepts central to the troubleshooting portion of the CCNP certification, including r3(config-if)#ipx ?
access-group Apply an access list to inbound or outbound packets accounting Enable IPX accounting on this interface
...
rip-multiplier Multiple of RIP update interval for aging of RIP routes rip-response-delay Delay in answering RIP on this interface
Example 4-2 clearly shows that IPX is available and has many options on r3, whereas r1 and r2 both did not recognize IPX commands at all. You could have verified this at either the interface or global configuration mode. Continue to configure IPX on r3 as in Example 4-3 and Figure 4-1.
Example 4-3. r3 Configuration (3640)
r3(config-if)#ipx network ?
<1-FFFFFFFD> IPX network number (default route enabled) r3(config-if)#ipx network 0580
%Must give "ipx routing" command first r3(config-if)#exit
r3(config)#ipx routing
r3(config)#interface serial 0/0 r3(config-if)#ipx network 0580 r3(config-if)#no shut
r3(config-if)#interface serial 0/1 r3(config-if)#bandwidth 64
r3(config-if)#clock rate 64000 r3(config-if)#ipx network 0564 r3(config-if)#no shut
r3(config-if)#interface serial 0/2 r3(config-if)#bandwidth 64