EXERCISE I Choose the best option
III. RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
1. Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm phân từ (V-ing ) Chủ động:
Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề chủ động thì rút thành cụm hiện tại phân từ (V-ing).
………. N + which/that/who + is /are/am/was/were + V-ing + O
…….N + Ving ……
………. N + which/that/who + Vs/es/ed.. + O
………N + V-ing………
Eg:
a/ The man who is standing over there is my father.
→ The man standing over there is my father
b/ The couple who live next door to me are professors.
→ The couple living next door to me are professors
2. Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm phân từ (V-3/ed ) bị động:
Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề bị động thì rút thành cụm quá khứ phân từ (V3/ed)
…………..N+ which/that/who + is/are/am/were/was + V3/ed . + by + O
………..N + V3/ed + ….
Eg :
a/ The instructions that are given on the front page are very important.
→ The instructions given on the front page are very important
3. Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu
Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (To-infinitive) khi trước đại từ quan hệ có các cụm từ: the first, the second, the last, the only hoặc hình thức so sánh bậc nhất
………the first/ second/third/last/only .+ N + which/that/who + Vs/es/ed.. + O
….. the first/ second/third/last/only + N + to – V 1 + O
a/ John was the last person that got the news.
→ John was the last person to get the news.
b/ He was the best player that we admire.
→ He was the best player to be admired.
c/ He was the second man who was killed in this way.
→ He was the second man to be killed in this way
Exercise : Complete the sentences, using a relative pronoun.
1. The girl chatted with him yesterday. She arrived here at 6:30.
→ The girl who arrived here at 6:30 chatted with him yesterday.
2. The man is talking to my father. He spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen
→ The man is talking to my father who spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen 3. The architect designed these flats. He has moved to HCM City.
→ The architect who has moved to HCM city designed these flats.
4. The young man lives in the corner. He rides an expensive motorbike.
→ The young man who rides an expensiive motorbike lives in the corner.
5. I’m reading the book. I bought it in 1996.
→ I’m reading the book which I bought in 1996.
6. I will introduce the man to you. He is sharing the flat with me.
→ I will introduce the man to you who is sharing the flat with me.
7. The young man is talking to our teacher. He is Ba’s brother.
→ The young man who is Ba’s brother is talking to our teacher.
8. We visited the monument. It was built a hundred years ago.
→ We visited the monument which was built a hundred years ago.
9. The boys are interested in football. It is a popular game all over the world.
→ The boys are interested in football which is a popular game all over the world 10. The boy gave his parents big hugs before he left. He went abroad to study.
→ The boy who went abroad to study gave his parents bigs hugs before he left.
Combine the two sentences by using a relative clause. Some clauses need commas, some do not:
1. The lady is a famous writer. You met her at the party last night.
→ The lady whom you met at the party last night is a famous writer.
2. The child enjoyed the chocolates. Her mother bought them from France.
→ The child whom her mother bought from France enjoyed the chocolates.
3. Dr Oley is our family’s dentist. He is a popular dentist in the city.
→ Dr Oley, who is a popular dentist in the city, is our family’s dentist.
4. They drank a lot of Coke. It is diet Coke.
→ They drank a lot of Coke which is diet Coke.
5. The river is the Sai Gon River. It flows through Ho Chi Minh City.
→ The river which flows through Ho Chi Minh City is the Sai Gon River.
6. The girls are performing the play. They rehearsed it yesterday.
→ The girls who rehearsed it yesterday are performing the play.
7. Their parents are anxious about their children. The children come back late
→ Their parents are anxious about their children,who come back late.
8. The lecturer is my uncle. He gave an interesting talk on TV last night.
→ The lecturer who gave an interesting talk on TV last night is my uncle.
9. The student kept talking about the project. It was done last week.
→ The student kept talking about the project which was done last week.
10. Mr Phong hasn’t come yet. He is supposed to be at the meeting.
→ Mr Phong, who is supposed to be at the meeting, hasn’t come yet.
Choose the best to complete the sentence:
1. My mother, ...helped you yesterday, works in the public library.
A. that B. who C. whom D. whose 2. Ann quit her job at the advertising agency, ….. surprised everyone.
A. which B. who C. that D.
whose
3. Ann, ….. lives next door, is very friendly.
A. that B. which C. whom D. who 4. Mary, …... has received the scholarship, is very friendly.
A. that B. whose C. whom D. who 5. That is my friend, …….. comes from Japan.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom 6.John is always late for class, …... annoys the teacher.
A. who B.which C. that D. whom 7. My friend, ... you met yesterday, was in London last year.
A. which B. that C. whose D. whom 8. My grandfather,………….I love best , has just visited me.
A.who B.which C.that D.whose 9.Lan,……….called me last night, is my new classmate.
A.who B.which C.that D.whose 10. Marie Curie, ………was a famous French physicist , discovered radium.
A.who B.which C.that D.whose 11. This is the place _________ I met my wife.
A. what B. where C. which D. that 12. Simon is the man _________ Mary loves.
A. who B. which C. whom D. A&C 13. The magazine _________ you lent me is interesting.
A. what B. which C. whom D. whose 14. He was killed by a man ________ friends we know.
A. whose B. which C. whom D. that 15. He spoke to the messengers with ________ you were leaving.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. that
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERB So sánh tính từ (adj) và trạng từ (adv)
I. So sánh bằng : (equal comparison)
*So sánh không bằng.