^oi so mol Mg tham gia phan ung (2) la x (mol) (0 < x < 0,03)
Mg + 2Fe(N03)3->Mg(N03)2+2Fe(N03)2 (D ; mol 0 , 2 ^ 0,4-> 0,2-)- 0,4
Mg + Cu(N03)2->Mg(N03)2+Cu (2) ^;
mol X - > X - > X X i-
•^hefi lirgng thanh kim loai tang len sau phan ling bang : ,, j • 6 4 x - 2 4 x ( 0 , 2 + x) = 2,8=>x = 0,19>0,03(Loai).
Q l
Pods HOB hoc Von UitvSolCr- main S/mr T H 2 : Neu xay r a phan umg (1), (2) va (3) Khi do, Fe(NO,)3 va CuCNO,), deu phan ihig het.
Goi so mol M g tham gia phan ung (3) la y (mol) (dk: 0<y < 0,4) M g + 2Fe(N03)3 ^ M g ( N 0 3 ) 2 +2Fe(N03)2 (1) mol 0 , 2 ^ 0 , 4 - > 0 , 2 - ^ 0,4
• M g + C u ( N O , \ M g ( N 0 3 ) 2 + Cu mol 0 , 0 3 ^ 0 , 0 3 ^ 0,03-> 0,03
' M g + FeCNO, )2 -> MgCNO, \ Fe mol y ^ y ^ y ^ y Khoi luong thanh k i m loai tang len sau phan ting bang :
64 X 0,03 + 56y - 2 4 x (0,2 + 0,03 + y) = 2,8 => y = 0,2 (thoa man).
Vay: dung djch sau phan ihig c6 :
_ 0,43 nMg(N03)2 = 0 , 2 + 0,03 + 0 , 2 - 0 , 4 3 m o l
(2)
'Mg(N03)2 = 0 , 4 - 0 , 2 =0,2 mol
M/Mg(N03)2 0,2 M/Mg(N03)2 ~ 0 2 '
2,15M
1,0M
(2) {2,0 d) G o i c6ng thiic oxit A ^ O . (x, y ^ N * ) 13,44 _ , ^ ,^ 10,08 -
22,4
->xA + yC02 (1) 2 2 , 4
A , O y + yCO
T h e o (1): n^-Q^ = n^o = 0,6(mol)
=> = iTico + o - nico^ = 0,6.28 + 34,8 - 0,6.44 = 2 5 , 2 ( g a m ) G o i n la hoa trj cua k i m loai A trong mu6'i khi cho A tac dung vdi a\
( l < n < 3 , n e N * )
„ 2 A + 2 n H C l ^ 2AC1„ + n H j (2) 2 A + n H 2 S 0 4 ^ A2 (SO4 )„ + nH2 (3)
25,2 x n
' ^ " H - . = — moi=;>iviA =
n
T e , ( 2 , v M 3 ) ^ „ , = i . n „ , =2x0,45 0,9 n n Nghidm hop ly: n = 2; M ^ = 56 => K i m loai la Fe.
C6ng thiirc cua oxit Fe,Oy:
0,9 0,9 ^ ^ ^ 3
X _
~ ~ 0 , 6 0 4
0,9 • = 28n
" F e = = T
3 4 , 8 - 0 , 4 5 x 5 6 n 2
" o = 72 = 0,6 16
' = ' = - ^ ' ^ ^ = l = ^ c r p r o x i t : 'o
Fe304
SA^fidiem)
= 0 , 3 . 1 - 0 , 3 (mol) i l l
2 2 , 4 = 0,25 (mol) 1 < 'hh
0,3
0,25 = 1 , 2 < 2
H6n hap ban ddu cho vao dung dich brom khong thay c6 khi thoat ra, phan ling hoan toan ndn ca etilen, axetilen va brom ddu het. San pham: CH^BrCH.Br (x niol), CHBr=CHBr (y mol), CHBr,-CHBr, (z mol).
YJn6\g blnh dung dung dich brom tang len la khoi lugng cua etilen va axetilen
P T H H :
mi,h = 6,7g.
C H 2 = C H 2 + B r 2 - x mol X mol CH = C H + Br2 —
y mol -> y mol CH = C H + 2Br2 —
z mol —> 2z mol - Ni, r
^ B r C H 2 - C H 2 B r -> X mol
->BrCH = CHBr
y mol •' - > B r 2 C H - C H B r 2
z mol
=^HePT
mHh = 2 8 x + 26(y + z) = 6,7g n^[, = x + y + z = 0,25mol
"Br2 = x + y + 2z = 0,30mol
' " c , H , B n = Q , ' x ' ^ 8 = |18,8g X = nc2H4Br=0,10 y = nC2H2Br2 ^ ^ ' ' ^ z = n C2H2Br4 0,05
Khoi luong cac san ph^m : t"C2H,Bn - 0 , l x l 8 6 = |l8,6g n i c . H o B n = Q . 0 5 x 3 4 6 = |l7,3g
Ph^n 1 CH3COOH C3H5(OH)3 CH3COOC2H5 S6' mol a b - c
P h d n 2 ( h o a c 3 ) CH3COOH C3H5(OH)3 CH3COOC2H5 S6'mol xa xb " xc
" " x = 60 X (a + 2xa) + 92 x (b + 2xb) + 88 x (c + 2xc) = 44,8 g
=^ PT : (2x + l)(60a + 92b + 88c) = 44,8 (I) Cho phdn 1 tac dung het vdi Na : .
2CH3COOH + 2 N a - ^ 2 C H 3 C O O N a + H2 t
a m o l - > 0,5a 93
2C3H,(OH)3 + 6Na -> 2C3H5(ONa), + t
bmol -> 1,5b
^ " H a =
' a 3b 2
- 0,06 mol z=> (a + 3b) = 0,12 mol (ID - Cho phin 2 tac dung vod dung djch NaOH :
C H 3 C O O H + N a O H CHjCOONa + H 2 O x a n i o l - > xamol
C H 3 C O O C 2 H 5 + NaOH — ^ C j H j O H + CHjCOONa xc mol xc mol
S6' mol NaOH phan irng la: xa + xc = 0,2mol (III) - Cho phSn 3 tac dung voi NaHCO, du :
NaHCOj + C H 3 C O O H -> CH3COONa + COj + H 2 O xamol < - xa mol -> xa mol S6' mol khi CO, thu duoc la : ncoj = xa = 0,12 mol ( I V )
0,12
Tir (II), (III) va (IV) ta c6:
xa = 0,12=>a = -
X
^^^Q,12-a^QQ^ 0 , 0 4 ^ 0 , 0 4 ( x - l )
c = -
3 X
0 , 2 - x a 0,08
T a c o : b > 0 = ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ^ 0 , 0 4 ( x - l ) > 0 : : ^ x > 1 (*) Thay a, b, c vao (I) ta duoc:
(2x + l ) ) 60x 0,12
+ 92x 0 , 0 4 ( x - l ) 0,08
X x .2
= 44,8
10:
= > P T b a c 2 : 7 , 3 6 x - 2 0 x +10,56 = 0 X = 2(Th6a man *) Giai phuong trinh bSc 2: \3
X = — < l(Loai) I 46
Thay x = 2 vao (II), (III) va (IV) =^ a = 0,06 mol; b = 0,02 mol; c = 0,04 mol Kh6'i lucmg cua cac chat c6 trong h6n hop X la :
" i C H j C O O H = 60 X (a + 2xa) = 18 gam
mc3H5(OH)3 = 92 X (b + 2xb) = 9,2 gam mcH3COOC2H5 = 88 X (c + 2xc) = 17,6 gam
Q4
S d G D & D T TINH HAI Dl/ONG p^THiNHTHirC
|<y THI TUY^N SINN L(5P 10 THPT CHUVeN
NGUY§N TRAI - NAM HOC 2011-2012 M O N : H O A H O C
Thofi gian lam bai: 150 phut {khong keth&i gian giao de)
. Cho cac oxit: Na^O, FcjOj, CuO, AUOj. Hay vid't cac phuong trinh phan ling hoa hoc xay ra trong m6i trucmg hop thi nghifem sau:
(a) Cho h6n hop ca 4 oxit trdn vao nu6c du. _ (b) Cho CO di qua tiTng oxit tr6n nung nong. -y ,
(c) Cho ttrng oxit trfin vao dung djch HCl du.
(2) N6u phuong phap tach 3 oxit MgO, FeO, CuO ra khoi h6n hop ciia chung kh6'i luong m6i chat kh6ng thay d6i so v6i ban ddu. Vi6't cac phuong trinh phan itng hoa hoc xay ra (Cac hoa chat, dung cu va cac d i l u kian cin thid't coi nhu c6 dii)
Cau 2. (2 diem)
(1) Tim cac cha't tuong ting vori cac ki hidu A, B, D, E, F, G va vie't phuong trinh phan irng hoa hoc thuc hien cac chuyfi'n doi theo so 66 sau (Ghi ro di^u kien nd'u c6).
G —^^Poly(vinylclorua)
A - i i > ^ B ^ ^ ( l ^ D - J ^ E - ^ F - i ^ E t y l a x e t a t
"^olyetylen Bieft A 1^ thanh phdn chinh ciia khi thidn nhidn.
(2) Trinh b^y phuong phap nhan bid't cac chat long dung trong cac lo rieng biet kh6ng nhan sau: Dung djch ducmg saccarozo, benzen, diu thuc vat, dung dich rirou etylic, dung dich hd tinh b6t.
Hoa tan hoan toan m gam oxit M O ( M 1^ kim loai) trong 78,4 gam dung dich H2SO4 6,25% (loang) ihi thu duoc dung dich X trong do nong d6 H2SO4 con du '3 2,433%. Mat khac khi cho CO du di qua m gam MO nung nong, phan ihig ho^n loan thu duoc h6n hop khi Y, cho Y qua 500ml dung dich NaOH 0,1M thi
^hi con m6t khi duy nha't thoat ra, trong dung djch c6 chiJa 2,96 gam muoi.
> Xac djnh kim loai M va kh6'i lugng m.
t ^ ^^"^ '^""S djch X thu duoc or trdn, sau khi cdc phan iJng xdy ra
"oan tokn thi thu duoc 1,12 gam chat rdn. Ti'nh x?
hop khi X g6m H^ va hai hidrocacbon A, B duoc chiia trong m6t binh kin sSn b6t Ni, dun nong binh dd'n khi phan iJng hoin toan thu duoc 13,44 lit khf
° dktc chia Y thanh hai phin bang nhau:
95
- Phdn 1: dan qua dung dich nude brdm tha'y dung dich nhat m^u va thu duoc duy nha't mot hidrocacbon A. Dot chay hoan loan A thu duoc COj va H i O vdi ti 16 ) khoi luong tuong ufng la 88: 45
- Phan 2: dot chay hoan loan thu duoc 30,8 gam CO, va 10,8 gam H,©.
(1) Xac dinh cong thurc phan tir va c6ng thirc ca'u tao cua A , B. Bifi't A c6 c6ng thu^
dang C„H,„,^.
(2) Tinh thanh phan phdn tram theo the ti'ch cac khi trong X.
Cau 5. (2 diem)
H6n hop X gom ba k i m loai : Na, A l , M g . Cho 14,9 gam X vho nvtdc du, phg^
ling xong thu duoc 4,48 lit khi H , o dktc, dung djch A va cha't ran B. Cho B V-IQ 500m! dung djch CUSO4 I M sau khi ket thuc phan ling tha'y tao thanh 28,8 ga^^
ke't tija. Gia sir cac phan umg xay ra hoan toan.
(1) Viet cac phuong trinh phan umg hoa hoc c6 th^ c6 xay ra trong thi nghifim trtn (2) Xac djnh thanh phan phdn tram ve kh6'i luong cua cac kim loai trong X.
HUCJNG D A N GIAI Cau 1 . (2,0 diem)
(/) (I,Od)
(a) N a , 0 + H , 0 > 2 NaOH (1) A I A + 2NaOH - > ZNaAlO, + H3O (2) (b) 3Fe,0, + CO 2Fe.,04 + CO, (3)
Fe,04 + CO 3FeO + CO, (4)
F e O + CO — ! ^ Fe + C O , (5)
C u O + CO Cu + C O , (6)
(c) Na,0 +2Ha > 2NaCl + H , 0 (7) Fe,03 +6HC1 > 2FeCl3 + 3 H , 0 (8) CuO +2HC1 > CuCl, + H , 0 (9) AUOj + 6HC1 > 2AICI3 + 3 H , 0 (10)
(2) am
- K h u h6n hop bang CO (hoac H,) du a nhiet d6 cao di phan ufng hoan toan ' duoc h6n hop ran g6m: M g O , Fe, Cu
FeO + CO — ^ Fe + CO,
' 1"
CuO + CO '° > Cu + C O ,
- Cho h6n hop ran cf trdn vao dd HCl du, loc tach phdn kh6ng tan la Cu, dem d''' chay trong O, du ta duoc CuO.
OA
M g O + 2HC1 > M g C i , + H , 0 Fe + 2HC1 > FeCl, + H , 2 C u + O, '° > 2CuO
Cho phdn nudic loc d trfin la dung djch c6 chiia FeCl,, MgCU, HCl du tac dimg vdi A l dif. IP*^ ^^^^ P^^" ^^^^ ^1 Pl^^" '^""g '^ich AICI3, M g C l ,
2A1 +6Ha > 2AICI3 + 3 H ,
3FeCl, + 2A1 > 2AICI3 + 3Fe ;u.S Cho h6n hop Fe va A l tan vao dung djch HCl du r6i cho NaOH du v^o, loc la'y ke't tiia, nhiet phan khong c6 khdng khi de'n khd'i luong kh6ng d6i duoc FeO.
Fe + 2HCI > FeCl, + H , 2A1 +6HC1 > 2AICI3 + 3 H , FeCl, + 2 N a O H > 2NaCl + Fe(OH)2
AICI3 + 4NaOH > NaAlO, + SNaQ + 2 H , 0 Fe(OH), — ^ Fe0 + H , 0
- Cho dung djch M g C l , , AICI3 thu duoc a tren vao dung dich NaOH du, loc ke't tia nung den khoi luong khong doi duoc MgO.
M g C l , + 2NaOH > 2NaCl + M g ( O H ) , - AICI3 + 4 N a O H > NaAlO, + 3NaCI + 2 H , 0
M g ( O H ) , M g O + H , 0 Cau 2. (2,0 diem)
(I) (l,Od)Cac chat A : CH4; B : C2H2 ; D : C2H4 ; E : C j H ^ O H ; F : CH^COOH ; G : CH2 = C H C I ;
2CH4 „ 1'"".°^. . > C , H , •+ H , ( I )
C,H, + H , — ^ C,H4 (2) C,H4 + H , 0 ^ ) C,H,OH (3)
C,H50H + O, > CH3COOH + H , 0 (4) C,H,CiH + CH3COOH ( "^^^'^'^ ) CH,COOC,H5 + H , 0 (5)
,0 C,H, + HCl — ^ CH,=CH-C1
n C H 2= ^ C H - C l > - f C H 2- C H C l - V (7)
nCH2 = CH2 ) - e C H 2-CH2>„ (8)
{2) ilftd) Tn'ch mSu thir de nhSn bia't.
- Dung dung djch con iot cho vao tirng mSu:
+ 1 mau cho mau xanh dac trung => dd tinh b6t.
+ 2 mSu khong tan vao dung djch iot (ddKI,) => benzen va ddu thirc vat (Nhoni |, + 2 mau tan vao dung djch iot (ddKIj) => dd saccarozo va dd ruou etyij^
(Nhom I I )
- Cho dung dich N a O H dac vao hai mau nhom ( I ) va dun nong.
+ M3u nao tan ddn vao nhau la ddu thirc vat do bi thiiy phan tao glixerol va muoi C,H,(OCOR)., + 3NaOH — ^ C3H,(OH)., + 3RCOONa + MSu nao vSn phan 16p khong tan (c6 phdn bay hoi cho m i i i dac trUng) la
benzen.
- Cho dung dich H 2 S O 4 loang vao hai mau nhom ( I I ) , dun nong de saccarozcr tlniy phan roi thirc hien phan ting trang bac:
+ M 5 u cho ra A g i la mSu saccarozo, mSu con lai la dung dich rugu etylic.