The future of technical textiles embraces a much wider economic sphere of activity than just the direct manufacturing and processing of textiles. The industry’s sup- pliers include raw materials producers (both natural and artificial), machinery and equipment manufacturers, information and management technology providers, R&D services, testing and certification bodies, consultants, education and training organisations. Its customers and key specifiers include almost every conceivable Table 1.4 Worldwide consumption of technical textiles by geographical region, 2000–2005
103tonnes $ million
2000 2005 Growth
2000 2005 Growth
(% pa) (% pa)
Western Europe 2 690 3 110 2.9 13 770 15 730 2.7
Eastern Europe 420 560 5.9 2 500 3 260 5.5
North America 3 450 3 890 2.4 16 980 18 920 2.2
South America 350 430 4.2 1 870 2 270 3.9
Asia 3 560 4 510 4.8 20 560 25 870 4.7
Rest of the world 870 1 190 6.5 4 590 6 280 6.5
Total 11 340 13 690 3.9 60 270 72 330 3.7
Source: David Rigby Associates/ Techtextil.
20Handbook of technical textiles Table 1.5 Technical textile functions, markets and end-uses
Markets Segments
Function
Protection Insulation Reinforcement Containment Filtration Absorption Miscellaneous Industry Engineering High Acoustic barriers Composites – Bags & sacks Dust Oil spillages Thermal
Food, temperature Thermal FRP and FIBCs filtration Wicks stencil
pharmaceuticals textiles insulation advanced Balewrap Air paper
Chemicals, plastics Welders anti- Seals, joints Printed circuit Tape conditioning spatter sheets Packings boards Curing tape Process Other Fire blankets Pressed felt Optical fibre/ Hosepipes liquid manufacturing Dustproof components electrical Nets Effluent
Power, oil, gas fabric Electrical cables Webbing treatment
Mining, quarrying Electrostatic insulation tape Electrical Diaphragms Papermakers shielding Heating elements cables Envelopes felts Debris, safety Electromagnetic Jacquard Floppy disc Battery
nets shields harness liners separators
Solar Electroconductive Pressure hoses Tea/coffee
protection fabrics Drive belts bags
Dielectric fabrics Conveyor belts Cigarette
Aerials Bearing filters
materials Food casing
Abrasive discs Machine
clothing Printers
blankets Laundry
textiles
Transport Road Seat belts Sound barriers Tyre cord Containers Air filters Oil booms Decorative/
Aviation Air bags for roofs, Hoses, pipes, Tarpaulins (engine) functional
Marine Flotation bonnets etc. drive belts & Covers Air filters interior
(Military) devices Tank insulation other MRG Cordage (passenger) textiles
Inflatable Brake/clutch Twine Oil filters (UV, FR)
boats lining Cargo nets, Fuel filters
Parachutes Gaskets, seals straps
Ropes, cables Composites – Balloons Barriers, nets FRP & Sailcloth
Camouflage, advanced Gliders
decoy Tow ropes Hovercraft
FR textiles skirts
Technical textiles market – an overview21
tunnel awnings panels frames Twines blinds
Debris, safety Swimming pool Tape Nets
nets liners Elevator belts Cement
Roofing Pipe/sewer shuttering
Stadium dome linings
Ropes Concrete Plaster board
Geotextile Land Erosion Road, railway Geomembranes Drainage
Marine protection embankment Reservoir
Environmental stabilisation lining
protection Concrete, Waste pit
tarmac lining
Farming Agriculture Wind, storm, Sacks, bags Drainage Moisture
Horticulture frost Baler twine retention
Fishing protection Fruit collection Capillary
Solar Fishing nets matts
protection Fish farming
Insect/bird Other netting
nets Seeding tapes
Medical Hospital Gauze Wadding Sutures Body bags By-pass Pads Veins, arteries
& hygiene Nursing home Plaster Adhesive tape Netting filters Towels Artificial skin
Domestic Face masks Prostheses Thread Dialysis Swabs
Gowns Support Sacks, bags Infusion Napkins
Tents bandages Stretchers Stoma Wipes
Bandages Ligaments Wheelchairs Membranes Cotton
Support Tendons Blood wool
stockings Implants Sponges
X-ray machine Mops,
parts brushes
Dusters
Technical Industry Water/ Sewing thread Labels
apparel Offshore oil windproof Binding tape
Forestry linings Interlinings
Miltary/security Chemical Shoe/boot
proof linings
Gas tight Fasteners
Anti-radiation (Velcro)
NBC suits Shoe/boot
Bulletproof laces Diving suits
22Handbook of technical textiles Table 1.5 Continued
Markets Segments
Function
Protection Insulation Reinforcement Containment Filtration Absorption Miscellaneous
Technical Pressure suits
apparel Survival suits
continued Fire-retardant
Heat-resistant Dust, asbestos Clean room Chain saw
protection Helmets Motor cycle
garments Gloves,
armguards Aprons Hair nets High visibility Camouflage
Leisure & Sports Tents Sleeping bags Rackets Marquees Painters
environment Mountaineering Climbing Ground sheets Fishing rods Tents canvasses
Leisure ropes Artificial turf Fishing lines Sports nets Cinema
Harnesses Bicycle frames Bags, rucksacks screens
Safety nets Golf clubs Luggage
Parachutes Skis Sports balls
Ski fences Bow strings Litter systems
Muscle Ropes Mosquito nets
supports Cords Book covers
Pet leads Equestrian
webs
Furnishing, FR fabrics Carpet underlay Webbings Furniture/ Flags/banners
decorative Fibre fillings Curtain header mattress
Carpet backing bases Linoleum Wallcoverings
scrim Gift wrapping Garden
furniture Hammocks FR=fire retardant, FRP =fibre reinforced plastic, NBC =nuclear biological and chemical.
downstream industry and field of economic activity, including the architects, en- gineers, designers and other advisors employed by those industries. In between lie many other interested parties, including environmental, health, safety, business and free trade regulators, patent and intellectual property agents and lawyers, investors, bankers, regional investment agencies and providers of development aid.
The task of disseminating and communicating information to all these organisa- tions and individuals is undertaken by a growing number of specialist and general- ist publications as well as by international and local trade exhibitions, fairs, seminars and conferences.
The economic importance of technical textiles worldwide therefore undoubtedly far exceeds the $60 billion estimated in Tables 1.2–1.4 just for basic fibres, yarns and textiles.
1.7.1 A changing strategic environment
If the 1980s was a period when the technical textiles industry enjoyed a rapid and increasing awareness of its existence by the outside world (as well as within the mainstream textile industry), then the 1990s was an era of more mature commer- cial development and consolidation as fibre producers and textile manufacturers alike concentrated on overhauling and refocusing their businesses in the wake of world recession.
The new millennium promises even fiercer international competition which will see manufacturers striving to engineer costs downwards and develop global economies of scale in production and product development. Technical textiles will become better ‘value for money’ than ever before and this should open the way towards further applications as existing end-uses mature.
Individual companies will become less defined by the technologies and ma- terials they use than by the markets and applications they serve. Table 1.5 sum- marises some of the key market areas and the functions which technical textiles perform, with examples of individual products in each category. It does not pretend to be an exhaustive list which would run into many thousands of products and would constantly be changing.
References
1. The Textile Institute,Textile Terms and Definitions, Tenth Edition, Textile Institute, Manchester, 1994.
2. sabit adanur,Wellington Sears Handbook of Industrial Textiles, Technomic, Lancaster PA (USA), 1995.
3. ISO 9092:1988 Definition of nonwovens.
2
Technical fibres
Mohsen Miraftab
Department of Textiles, Faculty of Technology, Bolton Institute, Deane Road, Bolton BL3 5AB, UK