determination of gene promoter activity in skeletal muscles in vivo

... amino group of the main chain at Glu268 The oxygen of the main chain at Asp266 was bound to amino groups of main chain of Tyr269 and Ala270 by hydrogen bonds The interactions should maintain ... Sendai was stable at pH 12 and it maintained 80% of the original activity after h The activity of N263D-Sendai decreased to 45% and 10% of the original after and h of incubation at pH 12, respectively ... stable retaining 60% of the original activity after h, and 30% after h The D266NALP I showed 40 and 20% of the original activity after h and h of incubation, respectively The stability of Y269A/A271T/Q272R-...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 03:20

... exceptions in that activation of the amino acid requires the presence of the cognate tRNA [2,4] In these aaRS the binding of tRNA induces an ATP productive binding mode [5] GluRS are also distinguished ... the discriminating behaviour of Mt-GluRS in E coli Studies on Tt-GluRS indicated that discriminating and nondiscriminating GluRS can be distinguished on the basis of the presence of a specic ... of [32P]ATP was observed In kinetic experiments, the rate of formation of [32P]ATP increased at increasing concentrations of [32P]PPi (Fig 4) As expected from the observed inhibitory effect of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

... examined brain mechanisms specifically associated with sustained processing using neuroimaging, potentially due to 1) a lack of hypotheses regarding brain mechanisms underlying sustained processing ... important in maintaining processing of emotional information in depressed individuals The current research therefore focused on identifying sustained (ϳ30 sec after a stimulus) disruptions in amygdala ... decreased in response to all emotional stimuli in depressed individuals who displayed increased amygdala activity 4) The clinical relevance of sustained amygdalar processing can be inferred by examining...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20

... activation in which the propeptide remains intact (step 1), as suggested for the binding of proMMP-9 to gelatin or collagen IV, binding of proMMP-2 to collagen VI (a2 chain), as well as binding of individual ... proMMP-binding partners involved in activation Allosteric activation Gelatinase interactions with collagen and gelatin Binding of macromolecules or specific thiol-binding reagents to an MMP with an intact ... examples are illustrated in Fig 2B (step 1) Interactions with small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) Individual members of the SIBLING family are known to bind strongly to both...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 00:20

... Two-thirds of the increase in assets of funds of funds in the past 10 years is attributable to increasing investor interest in lifestyle and lifecycle funds The growing popularity of these funds, ... objective of the ETF In the case of an index-based ETF, the sponsor chooses both an index and a method of tracking its target index Indexbased ETFs track their target index in one of two ways ... earnings, whether they receive the distributions in cash or reinvest them in additional fund shares Investors often attempt to lessen the impact of taxes on their investments by investing in tax-exempt...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 08:21

... fund investing following the passage of the Investment Company Act of 1940 But successive bear markets in stocks in the 1970s along with rising interest rates drew investors into a growing number ... PhD in economics from the University of Michigan and a BS in economics from the University of Wisconsin–Madison Industry and Financial Analysis Sean Collins, Senior Director of Industry and Financial ... Continued Reliance on Investment Companies Role of Investment Companies in Financial Markets 12 Types of Intermediaries and Number of Investment Companies 13 Investment...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 11:20

... discussion of the results are included in chapter five of this thesis Finally, in chapter six the summary and general conclusions of the work including scope for doing further work in the area are incorporated ... ORC of latex by measuring the capacitance of latex using capacitive techniques 1.6: Shortcomings of the existing methods Rapid determination of ORC is very important for commercial exchange of ... system often shows erratic readings owing to the presence of adulterants and due to ionic activity in the latex 1.7: Outline of the work presented in this thesis In this thesis, results of our...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:21

... tethering, thus insuring cell-surface anchoring [37] In other cases, the CT-peptide contains integral transmembrane motifs affecting the sorting and recycling of furin and PC5 ⁄ 6B [38–40] In the ... enzymatic activity of human furin (hfurin; data not shown) Fig Purified CT-peptide is able to modulate the enzymatic activity of mPC1 ⁄ in vitro Progress curves obtained following incubation of recombinant ... is explained by the role of C-terminal determinants in allowing proper secretion, correct folding or targeting Nevertheless, a cooperative inhibitory interaction between N- and C-terminal propeptides...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 08:20

... immunoassay kit to determine inflammatory marker in EBC Il'Yasova et al [18] report about a method comparison of the determination of an isoprostane derivative in urine using GC/MS and ELISA With ... determinations of inflammatory markers which serve as biological marker, differentiating between increased concentration levels in patients from lower endogenous concentration levels in EBC in ... performed in ammonium acetate buffer 10 mM Thus, calibration curves were obtained by spiking increased amounts of analytes in mM ammoniumacetate and in pooled EBC All calibration curves obtained in...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... Deciding whether a term t is mentioned in a zone z consists of recognizing the individual words of t in z that are necessary to preserve reasonably well its original meaning Independently of the ... provides satisfying results for assisting biologists in the task of curating manuscripts when the localization of Gene Ontology terms in text is needed The remaining challenging task is then ... representations of the term Intuitively, the word of is of lower importance than the word activity to convey the meaning of the term “activation of JNK activity. ” Similarly, activity contributes...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... on structural fixings installed in concrete or masonry used in building and civil engineering 1.2 Type of test The test consists of applying a shear force to a fixing installed in a solid base ... of fixings The test is intended for expanded and undercut anchors, bonded fixings, cast -in fixings and channel inserts 2.3 cast -in fixings anchor bolts and sockets cast into the material during ... representative section of the base material in place (see 5.2) 4.1 Shear testing apparatus, being a loading frame incorporating a means of applying load through a block of steel having a diameter equal...

Ngày tải lên: 08/07/2014, 22:20

... collating of information and development of molecular network models will be essential and will provide the basis for functional interpretation Current status of gene expression profiling in rheumatic ... groups [6–9] have independently identified an interferon signature by analysing PBMCs One group [7] confirmed these findings by comparing the patients’ profiles with in vitro-induced interferon (IFN)-α, ... clinical investigators, as leading away from understanding the principles of gene selection and disregarding established clinical experience or previous molecular knowledge It is now becoming...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... might insert preferentially in gene family members Something similar is found in the case of M leprae (Figure 3), although in this case the main mechanism for gene inactivation is the generation of ... ATP-binding component of spermidine/putrescine transport and for some reason its amplification has been selected in this species Proteins involved in the transport of spermidine and putrescine ... smaller gene families However, part of the variability is also due to intrinsic differences between the species For example, P syringae contains some large gene families involved in invasion of the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... the magnitude of the mean circadian period increase in DBA/2 and C57BL/6 strains of mice was indistinguishable Competing interests The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests Authors' ... analysis software (Actimetrics, Evansville, IL), was used to calculate the period of locomotor activity of each mouse using linear regression through activity onsets of the last to 10 days of each ... system of mice The circadian rhythm of locomotor activity in rats is entrained by red light [6] However, several studies which examined the spectral sensitivity of the photoreceptors in mice...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 09:20

... timing the phase of activity onset in both these strains Three reference points of photophase – namely, the lights-on, lights-off and midpoint – are useful in determining the activity onset in ... morning and evening activity peaks, while the northern strains were active mostly during the afternoon [25] Altitude of origin also altered the phase of activity termination of the haH strain of ... haH strain of D helvetica by ~6 h when compared to that of the laH strain in all entraining LD cycles in the field and laboratory Failure of the haH flies to begin activity before sunrise in the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 09:20

... mitochondria), increased in Col-0 cells treated with increasing concentrations of alamethicin, indicating permeabilization of the plasma membrane and the inner mitochondrial membrane (Fig 2A) The maximum activity ... average of maximum activity was 53 nmol min-1 g-1(FW) and values represent the mean of two to four independent experiments (B) Callose synthesis in the presence of digitonin Data points for digitonin ... blue staining indicated that callose was deposited in spots over the cell surface, especially in walls connecting cells, but also in outer walls (walls facing the assay medium) Staining was found...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... isolates containing 158 nt, and South Africa and Washington isolates having 737 nt In general, the genome of Washington isolate of GLRaV-3, downstream of 5′NTR sequence, showed higher level of nucleotide ... variability in 5′NTR could be useful for discriminating GLRaV-3 isolates from different grape-growing areas around the world into phylogenetically distinct lineages In the case of CTV, the 5′NTRs of all ... located on the stem of the SL structure and it was in the loop in the case of p20B sgRNA The integrity of these secondary structural features were maintained in the leader sequences of all GLRaV-3...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:20

... following behaviours were regarded as active: standing up, walking, running, jumping, interacting with blanket or straw, rooting, eating and drinking The inactive behaviours comprised: lying down ... could result in intoxication of the animal and gastro-intestinal obstruction (Swindle 2002; Robertson & Taylor 2004) In conclusion, transdermal delivery of 50 µg h-1 fentanyl in growing pigs did ... minutes after injection of the anaesthetic drug, the animal was intubated with an endotracheal tube 6-8 mm in diameter for maintenance of inhalation anaesthesia with 1% isoflurane during 30 minutes (Isoflo™vet;...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... proportion of gene pairs retained as neighbors and the number of inversions between two taxa Figure Differences in intergene distance Differences in intergene distance Intergene distances of gene pairs ... comparing the nominal values of the determinants of those genes remaining nonadjacent in the least distant species to S cerevisiae, C glabrata, with those of the genes retained as adjacent in the ... chromatin) will result in low rates of disruption of gene order in essential gene clusters, independent of any effect of recombination [16] To ask whether essential gene clusters are conserved owing...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... procedure of determining spontaneous ovulatory activity, as described in a study of the Mérinos d’Arles sheep in France [11], was followed Briefly, spontaneous ovulatory activity was determined by investigating ... with a study of the Mérinos d’Arles breed [11] reporting a 28% rate of spontaneous out -of- season ovulatory activity, determined in the same way The high proportion of ewes cycling out -of- season ... mL−1 in one or two samples were considered to be in ovulatory activity 2.3 Data A total of 707 records of spontaneous, out -of- season ovulatory activity expressed as binary measures (0 inactivity,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21