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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to ind

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PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU TIẾNG ANH

I Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The old belief was that you had to go to school to get educated, but there are plenty of people who have educated themselves outside of school and become successful They followed their passion, educated themselves as they went along, and found success despite not actually going to a school where you sit down, learn from a teacher, and take tests

I think that the first 12 years of education are critical Primary and secondary education teaches you the

basics, helps you get into a mindset of learning, exposes you to a variety of areas that you can pursue after school, and gives you some real world experience with socializing and working with other people

All of those things are important, but after that, you can't rely on a school to really educate you in life You

can go to college and learn about whatever field you want to go into But, that school education isn't going to give

you the knowledge you need to really be successful in your career and your life

For example, I have a friend who is an accountant He hasn't finished all the courses in school that he needs toget his Bachelor's degree, but he has more knowledge and ability than anyone who has finished their courses in

school that he works with He reads up on what he needs to know as he works He is passionate about what he does

He can figure stuff out that his fully-schooled peers can't And he is a shining example of why going to school doesn't

automatically mean you are more educated.

The point is that you can educate yourself in the real world Obviously, there are some programs that you have to take if you want to be accepted into a specific kind of job Even though you can educate yourself outside of school, many professions still require you to finish an education and have a piece of paper proving it so that you can get hired

But, for many other things, you can educate yourself by doing things related to your career or passions You can educate yourself online by taking courses, learning from experts, buying eBooks, and having discussions with like-minded people You don't need a school to be educated in life As Mark Twain said, “I have never let my

schooling interfere with my education."

1 It is stated in paragraph 1 that

A It is not always necessary for a person to go to school to be educated

B Most of those who do not go to school are very successfully educated

C Education has nothing to do with a school teachers, classes and tests

D People will no longer go to school to be officially educated and succeed

2 Which of the following can serve as the title for the passage?

A Schooling Does not Mean Education B Being Educated Doesn't require School

C Going to School Will Soon Be out of Date D Being Educated Outweighs Being Schooled

3 The word "critical" in paragraph 2 mostly means .

A having a decisive or crucial importance for B taking on a considerable importance to

C assuming enormous significance for D exerting a great influence on

4 With the phrase "that school education" in paragraph 3 the writer refers to .

A the education people receive from primary schools

B the education people receive from secondary schools

C the first 12 years of education people receive

D the education people do for a degree or the like

5 The phrasal verb “reads up on" in paragraph 4 mostly means .

A to read a lot about something B to read something very carefully

C to read only what interests you D to read closely from beginning to end

6 The word "automatically" in paragraph 4 can be best replaced with .

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A normally B necessarily C definitely D always

7 The example described in paragraph 3 refers to the fact that

A a person going to school is not always educated B a person can educate himself in practical life

C courses at colleges are merely for the degree D knowledge acquired at colleges can be read elsewhere

8 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A degree-holding person should still go on self-educating for a successful career

B Many professions require that employees acquire official courses

C Doing things in relevance to profession or interest is one way of educating yourself

D Doing things in passion has nothing to do with taking official degree courses

9 This passage is most likely to be taken from

A a magazine for teachers B a journal of education sciences

C a textbook for university students D an article for the public

10 The tone passage is

A descriptive B affirmative C negative D creative

II Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Automated manufacture arose out of the intimate relationship of such economic forces and technical

innovations as the division of labor, power transfer and the mechanization of the factory, and the development of transfer machines and feedback systems as explained below

The division of labor (that is, the reduction of a manufacturing or service process into its smallest independentsteps) developed in the latter half of the 18th century and was first discussed by the Scottish economist Adam Smith

in his book An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776) In manufacturing, the division of

labor results in increased production and a reduction in the level of skills required of workers

Mechanization was the next step necessary in the development of automation The simplification of work made possible by the division of labor also made it possible to design and build machines that duplicated the motions

of the worker As the technology of power transfer evolved, these specialized machines were motorized and their production efficiency was improved The development of power technology also gave rise to the factory system of production, because all workers and machines had to be located near the power source

The transfer machine is a device used to move a workpiece from one specialized machine tool to another, in such a manner as to properly position the workpiece for the next machining operation Industrial robots, originally

designed only to perform simple tasks in environments dangerous to human workers, are now extremely dexterous

and are being used to transfer, handle, and index (that is, to position) both light and heavy workpieces, thus

performing all the functions of a transfer machine In actual practice, a number of separate machines are integrated into what may be thought of as one large machine

In the 1920s the auto industry combined these concepts into an integrated system of production The goal of this assembly-line system was to make automobiles available to people who previously could not afford them This method of production was adopted by most automobile manufacturers and rapidly became known as Detroit

automation Despite more recent advances, it is this system of production that most people think of as automation

1 According to the passage, automated manufacture did not result from

A division of labor C development of transfer machines

B mechanization of factory D lack of human resources

2 Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A Division of labor came from economic forces B Division of labor arose out of technical innovations

C Division of labor led to the reduction of workers D Division of labor resulted in simplification of work

3 It can be understood that the key factor of mechanization is

A machine design B machine efficiency C power source D power technology

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4 The word "dexterous" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to .

A intelligent B skillful C efficient D powerful

5 The auto industry is mentioned in the passage as

A an example of automated manufacture B a method of automobile production

C an integrated system of production D an automated system of production

III Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Making robots work well in the home is incredibly difficult Their sensory apparatus is limited because sensors are expensive and interpretation (especially common-sense knowledge) is still more suited for research than deployment Robotic arms are expensive to build and not very reliable This limits the range of possibilities: Mowing and vacuuming? Sure Sorting laundry? Hard, but doable Picking up dirty items around the home? Doubtful How about assistants for the elderly or those who need medical supervision? This is a booming area of exploration, but I

am skeptical Today's devices are not reliable, versatile, or intelligent enough - not yet, anyway Moreover, the social

aspects of the interaction are far more complex than the technical ones, something the technology-driven enthusiasts typically fail to recognize

Three likely directions for the future are entertainment, home appliances, and education We can start with today's existing devices and slowly add on intelligence, manipulative ability, and function Start small and build The market for robots that entertain by being cute and cuddly is already well established The second generation of vacuum cleaners is smarter than the first Sony's dog gets smarter and less expensive with each new version We don't

get think of washing machines, microwave ovens, and coffee makers as robots, but why not? They don't move

around the house, but they are getting better and smarter every year And when the coffee maker is connected to the pantry and dishwasher, that will be a home robot worthy of the name: same for the coupling of sorting, washing, drying, and storing clothes

Education is a powerful possibility There is already a solid basis of educational devices that aid learning

Today's robots can read aloud in engaging voices They can be cute and lovable - witness the responses to the

multiple quasi-intelligent animals on the toy market A robot could very well interact with a child, offering

educational benefits as well Why not have the robot help the child learn the alphabet, teach reading, vocabulary, pronunciation, basic arithmetic, maybe basic reasoning? Why not music and art, geography and history? And why restrict it to children? Adults can be willing and active learners

Now this is a direction worthy of exploration: Robot as teacher Not to replace school, not to replace human

contact and interaction, but to supplement them The beauty here is that these tasks are well within the abilities of

today's devices They don't require much mobility nor sophisticated manipulators Many technologists dream of

implementing Neil Stephenson's children's tutor in his novel The Diamond Age: Or, a Young Lady's Illustrated

Primer Why not? Here is a worthy challenge.

1 It is understood from paragraph one that

A Home robots are still expensive even though they can do various technical tasks

B Home robots are not reliable and intelligent enough for complex social interactions

C Home robots have not been commonly used as they are still in research

D Home robots have been recognized by the technology-driven enthusiasts

2 Which of the following statements is TRUE as discussed in the passage?

A The best home robots are now for entertainment purposes

B Home robots now are integrated into home appliances

C Home robots help parents teach their children more intelligently

D Smart home appliances should be considered home robots

3 The word "skeptical" in paragraph two is closest in meaning to .

A doubtful B unbelievable C terrified D threatening

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4 The writer mentions Sony's dog as an example of .

A robots doing household chores B robots entertaining in the house

C clean and intelligent pets D best-selling robots for entertainment

5 The word "They" in paragraph two refers to .

A washing machines B microwave ovens C coffee makers D home appliances

6 The word "engaging" in paragraph three mostly means “ ”

7 The word "supplement" in the last paragraph can be replaced with “ ”.

8 The author of the passage may agree that

A Robots nowadays are most beneficial in the field of education

B Home robots are not popular due to the high cost of manufacture

C Robots to entertain will be marketed more and more to children

D Robots have been becoming an integral part of our home life

9 The next paragraph following this passage may include more information about robots as

A toys B home appliances C tutors D active learners

10 The tone of the passage is

IV Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

THE POPULARITY OF TEXT MESSAGING

Why is text messaging so popular, especially with young people? There are two main reasons One is cost, as many teenagers have to use pay-as-you-go mobile tariffs (1) of contracts, and so it is cheaper to send a text message than (2) a voice call So texters get better value of (3) But there is a second, less practical reason for its popularity A generation is growing up happy to communicate (4) by text, and this new form of instant communication is even more relaxed and informal than either email or phone calls Text messaging has created a completely new language, (5) of abbreviations and unusual spellings

It is a language that is not understood by adults, even though they can buy special dictionaries explaining it, and it has opened up a huge generation (6) between teenagers and their parents For teenagers, text is

convenient and quick, (7) it confuses parents Text messaging is a teenage (8) to grown up technology and(9) young people with a means of communicating that is always accessible It is also something that they can call their own, and in spite of some concern in the teaching profession that literacy skills are being (10) text messaging is a form of communication that is certainly here to stay

4 A almost B mostly C completely D rarely

10 A forgotten B beaten C lost D overtaken

V Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Dear Editor,

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Why do newspapers carry so many advertisements for electronic equipment? Last Sunday I counted ads for

seven kinds of televisions and thirteen kinds of radios in the Atlanta Journal Besides that, there were pages and

pages of ads for tape recorders and CD players

Don't you realize what electronic equipment is doing to our daily life? Everywhere you go you may hear loud music and advertisements over radios; this continual noise is doing harm to our ears Husbands don't talk to wives anymore; they are always watching the news or a ball game on TV Children ruin their eyes with endless hours of watching not only the programs for children but those for grownups as well And worse, hidden microphones find outabout our private lives, and computers keep records of personal information about us

Enough is enough! I think you should limit the amount of advertising of electronic equipment in the Atlanta

Journal; otherwise it will make life unbearable for us all.

1 What does the writer complain about?

A Noise B Newspapers C Advertisements D Electronic equipment

2 What problem does the writer think radio causes?

A It gives too much music B It has too many programs for advertising

C Its noise does harm to our ears D It changes our daily live

3 Why do husbands talk less and less to wives, according to the writer?

A They spend too much time on sports B They are always watching TV programs

C They like to play games on TV D They take little interest in their wives

4 What is the writer worried about most?

A Electronic equipment may invade our private life B Electronic equipment may harm our health

C Electronic equipment may affect children's study D Electronic equipment may affect family relationship

5 What is implied in this letter?

A There are too many programs for grownups on TV B Reading advertisements is a waste of time

C Watching TV may hurt children's eyes D Some electronic equipment may cause social problems

- (Đồ điện tử có thể gây ra vấn đề xã hội)

VI Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Cyberspace, data superhighway, multimedia - for those who have seen the future, the linking of computers,

television and telephones will change our lives forever Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological utopia,

little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor As with all new high

technology, while the West concerns itself with the "how", the question of "for whom" is put aside once again

Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communications revolution has affected the world economy Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries, and transnational corporations take full advantage of it Terms of trade, exchange and interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global markets - with destructive impact on the have-nots

For them the result is instability Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of

goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine As futures" are traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies

So what are the options for regaining control? One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselves – so called development communications" modernization Yet this

leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries economies

Communications technology is generally exported from the U.S., Europe or Japan; the patents, skills and ability to manufacture remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries It is also expensive, and imported

products and services must therefore be bought on credit - credit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain

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Furthermore, when new technology is introduced there is often too low a level of expertise to exploit it for

native development This means that while local elites, foreign communities and subsidiaries of transnational

corporations may benefit, those whose lives depend on access to the information are denied it

1 According to paragraph 1, the development of high technology is in the interests of

A the rich countries B scientific development C the elite D the world economy

2 The word "utopia" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .

A unreal perfection B rapid development C positive effect D gloomy prospect

3 It can be inferred from the passage that

A international trade should be expanded

B the interests of the poor countries have not been given enough consideration

C the exports of the poor countries should be increased

D communications technology in developing countries should be modernized

4 The word "instability” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .

A steadiness B certainty C uncertainty D impossibility

5 The word "which" in paragraph 3 refers to .

A instability B result C countries D goods

6 The word "constraints" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to .

A limitations B benefits C demands D struggles

7 Why is it stated that the electronic economy may have a destructive impact on developing countries?

A Because it enables the developed countries to control the international market

B Because it destroys the economic balance of the poor countries

C Because it violates the national boundaries of the poor countries

D Because it inhibits the industrial growth of developing countries

8 The development of modern communications technology in developing countries may

A hinder their industrial production

B cause them to lose control of their trade

C force them to reduce their share of exports

D cost them their economic independence

9 The word "it" in paragraph 6 refers to .

A development B new technology C native development D level of expertise

10 The author's attitude toward the communications revolution is

A positive B critical C indifferent D tolerant

VII Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

A NEW APPROACH TO DESIGNING BUILDINGS

Some experts fear that many people are becoming overweight Adults are encouraged to exercise for a

minimum of thirty minutes, five times a week, and the average person is (1) to take 10,000 steps per day to maintain basic (2) , but it is a fact that few office workers manage to take more than 5,000

Now architects have (3) 'fit' office buildings which encourage employees to become healthier because they have to walk while they are at work In these buildings, meeting rooms and car parks are placed a long way fromoffice desks so that workers have to walk to (4) them In one building the cafe is (5) in the furthest section

so that some workers have to walk as (6) as half a kilometer to and from lunch There is special emphasis on (7) people to use stairs instead of lifts, and long staircases are broken into flights of no more than nine stairs, so thatthey don't look so difficult to climb There are also large windows which provide attractive (8) over the city (9) , the lifts are not easy to get access to, and in some buildings, they only stop at one floor in three

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It's a design policy for a fitter environment which encourages people to walk without making it appear to be (10) work - but will it be successful? Only time will tell.

9 A On the other hand B Although C In spite of D So that

VIII Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

After years of hype and false starts, the shift to clean power has begun to accelerate at a pace that has taken the most experienced experts by surprise Even leaders in the oil and gas sector have been forced to confront an existential question: will the 21st century be the last one for fossil fuels?

It is early, but the evidence is mounting Wind and solar parks are being built at unprecedented rates,

threatening the business models of established power companies Electric cars that were hard to even buy eight years ago are selling at an exponential rate, in the process driving down the price of batteries that hold the key to

unleashing new levels of green growth

“This clean energy disruption has just started and what is striking is how much of a financial impact it is already having on some companies,” says Per Lekander, a portfolio manager at London's Lansdowne Partners hedge fund, who has tracked global energy markets for more than 25 years

“It hit the electricity sector first, in Europe in 2013 and then the US two years later Now it has spread to the auto sector and I think the oil industry is next.”

The shift has come as increased government efforts to curb climate change and smog have driven down costs and spurred technical advances, creating a green energy industry that looks nothing like it did a decade ago:

expensive and sluggish.

Today, China and India have picked up the baton and are driving a sector that has spread to every continent The result was a banner year for green energy in 2016

1 It is stated in the passage that in the past, green energy

A used internationally with great efficacy

B received huge investment from goverment

C was disfavoured at the beginning

D was the main sources of energy using by humans

2 The fear of leaders from oil and gas sector company comes from

A the likelihood of fossil fuel to exhaust by the end of the 21st century

B the sufficiency of enerygy produced by green power

C the changes in manufacturing oil and gas

D green power companies enjoying huge investment from the government

3 The price of electric cars has been

A rising rapidly B increasing steadily C falling exponentially D fluctuating wildly

4 In which year was the electricity sector in US hit by the use of green energy?

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5 The word "sluggish" is closest in meaning to .

A inactive B developed C promising D ineffective

IX Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Scientists believe that something very serious is happening to the Earth It is becoming warmer Scientists predict that there will be major changes in the climate during the 21st century Coastal waters will have higher

temperatures This will have a serious effect on agriculture Farmers will have trouble producing good crops In warmregions, the weather will be too dry The amount of water could decrease by 50 per cent This would cause a large decrease in agricultural production

World temperatures could increase from 1.5 to 5.6 degrees Celsius by the middle of the 21st century And the increase in temperature could be even greater in the Arctic and Antarctic regions A rise in temperature could cause the great ice sheets to melt, which, in turn would raise the level of oceans by one to two meters Many coastal cities would be underwater Why is all this happening?

The Earth and its atmosphere are kept warm by the Sun The atmosphere lets most of the light from the Sun pass through to warm the Earth The Earth is warmer by the sunlight and sends heat energy back into the atmosphere.Much of this energy escapes from the Earth's atmosphere However, some of it remains Gases such as carbon

dioxide, ozone and water vapor absorb this energy and create more heat Then, this heat is sent back down to Earth, and the Earth becomes warmer

Recently, however, an increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is causing serious problems Too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere prevents heat energy from escaping Too much heat is sent back down to the Earth, and the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere continues to increase When oil, gas, and coal burn, they create large amounts of carbon dioxide The destruction of rain forests that absorb carbon dioxide also helps to increase the amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere Some scientists believe that the amount of carbon dioxide in the air willdouble by the late 2000s

Scientists call this warming of the Earth and its atmosphere “the greenhouse effect” A greenhouse, made of glass and plastic, is a special place where plants are grown The sunlight passes through the glass or plastic and warms the air inside The heat inside escapes very slowly, so the greenhouse remains very warm This is exactly what

is happening on the Earth

Another reason why the Earth is growing warmer is because of the amount of ozone in our atmosphere Ozone is a form of oxygen In the upper atmosphere, very far from the Earth, a layer of ozone helps to protect the Earth from 95 percent of the harmful light that comes from the sun If your skin receives too much of this light, you would develop skin cancer We need the ozone layer to protect ourselves But the ozone layer is in trouble Scientists have observed that the ozone layer is becoming thin, and above Antarctica there is a hole This allows too much of the sun's dangerous light into our atmosphere and makes the Earth warmer

Scientists say we must start making changes and planning now We need to continue to do research, so we canpredict what will happen in the future We must burn less coal, oil, and gas Other scientists believe that the problem

is not so serious They think that the Earth is growing warmer naturally, that we don't need to worry

about it now, and that we should just get ready for life in the warmer climate Most scientists agree that the causes of the world's climate are very complicated They say that we must continue to measure the amount of carbon dioxide and ozone in the atmosphere Scientists also encourage people to learn about the changes that are occurring in the world and how we can all help protect our atmosphere

1 Which of the following will be one of the consequences of a warmer earth?

A Crops will be poor unless they are grown in the green house

B The amount of water will be decreased by half

C Farmer will get into trouble because of the heat

D There will be no winter on earth

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2 A rise in temperature will be more remarkable .

A in the Arctic and Antarctic regions B in the coastal cities

3 The melting of the polar ice sheets will probably lead to

A a rise in global temperature B the extinction of many polar animals

C flooding of many coastal cities D a serve winter all over the world

4 The Earth wouldn't become warmer if

A the heat energy didn't escape from the earth's atmosphere

B sunlight didn't pass through the atmosphere

C the earth didn't send heat energy back into the atmosphere

D carbon dioxide, ozone and water vapor didn't retain the heat energy

5 When the rainforests are destroyed

A people have to burn coal, oil, gas instead of wood for fuel

B heat energy fails to escape from the atmosphere

C there is nothing to absorb carbon dioxide

D serious problems are caused for the scientists

6 It is obvious that

A greenhouses are responsible for the warming of the earth

B what is happening on the earth is comparable to what happens in a greenhouse

C greenhouses should be banned to prevent the warming of the earth

D things wouldn't be so bad if greenhouses were not made of glass or plastic

7 How useful is the ozone layer?

A It protects the earth from the harmful radiation from the sun

B It absorbs much of the carbon dioxide

C It sends the extra heat energy back into space and thus keeps the earth cool

D It helps treat skin cancer

8 The two factors that directly cause the greenhouse effects are

A the destruction of rain forests and the melting of the polar ice

B the burning of fossil fuels and the changes of the climate

C the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the decrease of the ozone layer

D the ignorance of greenhouse owners and the development of skin cancer

9 There seems to be

A a solution to the problem by the middle of the 21st century

B no need to worry about fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas

C other undiscovered causes of the greenhouse effects

D some disagreement among the scientists as to the danger of the greenhouse effect

10 Which is the best title for the passage?

A The global warming B The greenhouse effect

C The heat energy D The change of climate in the poles

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KEY PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU TIẾNG ANH