选题理由
In today's interconnected world, communication plays a vital role in expanding personal networks and developing supportive interpersonal relationships Effective dialogue fosters mutual respect and understanding, encouraging collaboration and reducing unnecessary conflicts It alleviates stress caused by misunderstandings and helps overcome negative emotions such as anger and fear, ultimately promoting better health Language, essential for daily interaction, is a fundamental survival skill that marks human independence and uniqueness It provides order to our chaotic environment, enabling us to engage with the world meaningfully As language evolves, so does our understanding of reality, transforming disorder into organization It serves as a foundation for shared emotions and ideas, facilitating deep cooperation For effective social interaction, shared intentions, common goals, and mutual knowledge are crucial Communication is the key to establishing connections, making reasonable requests, and engaging in social exchanges that build effective norms and obligations, thereby enhancing human collaboration and understanding.
In today's era of information overload, language remains an indispensable tool for communication, with various languages rapidly evolving Slang, as a unique variant of sociolinguistics, has also seen significant development, becoming increasingly accepted and even trendy, particularly among young students While slang is frequently used in everyday conversations, its meanings can often be perplexing Despite its prevalence, slang has received limited attention from linguists, resulting in a scarcity of resources and studies on its translation This article aims to explore the translation of Vietnamese slang into Chinese, providing valuable insights and effective translation methods for both Vietnamese learners of Chinese and Chinese learners of Vietnamese.
研究对象
This article conducts a comprehensive and in-depth study of the 135 most popular and commonly used Vietnamese slang phrases, selected from various websites on Facebook, focusing on their meanings and translation methods.
Slang represents a crucial aspect of non-standard vocabulary, existing on the fringes of standard language; it neither fits into regional dialects nor qualifies as colloquial expressions However, slang is increasingly embraced for its expressiveness and vibrancy, making it a popular choice among speakers Despite its widespread use, the sheer volume of slang terms can make their meanings quite challenging to decipher, often leading to confusion.
This article focuses on the translation and study of the most modern, common, and frequently used Vietnamese slang.
This article aims to assist scholars learning Vietnamese and Chinese in understanding the significance of Vietnamese slang and finding the best translations into Chinese By bridging cultural gaps and enhancing language expression, the use of various slang terms in a friendly and informal setting can make conversations between both parties feel more natural and engaging.
相关研究情况的综述
汉语的研究情况
本人从中国知网（CNKI）收录的博硕士论文、学术期刊为文献来源，以
“主题”为搜索项，以“俚语”为检索词，选择全部文献不计年限，共检索
结果 2562 条，以“汉语俚语”为检索词，选择全部文献不计年限，共检索结
A search for "Vietnamese slang" yielded eight relevant documents, while a search for "Chinese translation of Vietnamese slang" returned no results This indicates that, despite the growing interest among linguists in slang, there is a notable scarcity of resources specifically focused on the Chinese translation of Vietnamese slang.
This article presents significant findings from the study of Chinese idioms, highlighting some representative examples that showcase their cultural and linguistic importance.
1 黄兰芳（2013），在《汉越俚语对比研究及学习汉语中应用探析》硕士学 位论文着重于汉、越俚语翻译对比包括对较典型的俚语进行研究与翻译对 比和汉语俚语的译法两个内容，同时也指出俚语在学习汉语过程中作用及 运用，而没有对越南语俚语的汉译进行详细分析。越南俚语在很多方面上 和汉语俚语不同，所以达不到阐明两种语言俚语在语音修辞、语义修辞和 语法修辞上的异同目的。
2 阮氏娥（2019），在《汉、越俚语对比研究》硕士学位论文中探讨汉语俚 语和越南语俚语在语音、语义和语法三个方面的修辞方式并深入讨论与阐 明俚语的语音、语义和语法特点及其异同。
3 李丽（2012），《汉英俚语对比分析》硕士学位论文；此论文俚语的研究是先汉后英，且采用大量生动有趣的例子作为论据，按照章节的顺序，即从概念、来源、构成方式、修辞特点、文化特点和语义对等关系等各个层面将汉英俚语进行对比和分析，进一步揭示了汉英这两种语言和文化之间存在的一些共性和差异。其中第一章中对汉英俚语概念的阐述是本文论述
The article emphasizes the importance of understanding the concept of slang, providing a detailed comparison across various aspects It explores the origins in Chapter Two, the formation methods in Chapter Three, rhetorical techniques in Chapter Four, and cultural elements in Chapter Five, highlighting the nuanced differences between the two subjects.
4 张雪梅，（2005）《现代汉语俚语刍论》硕士学位论文，天津师范大学； 在此研究项目中，作者深入讨论了俚语的性质、 范围、结构特点、取材、 语义特点、修辞以及运用。她认为，俚语包括歇后 语、俚句和俚俗固定 语。俚语大都取材于人们的生活，结构定型而又灵活，并且采用了丰富多 彩的修辞手法。因此，俚语在表现出俚俗、不文雅的同时，又活泼生动、 诙谐幽默，具有较强的艺术表现力，有时是其他非俚语的单位无法取代的。 在文学作品中恰当地运用俚语，能够有助于刻画人物形象，增强作品的真 实性和生活气息，从而使作品更具艺术魅力。但由于俚语 的俚俗甚至粗 俗的特点，在庄重严肃的场合一般不宜使用，而且对汉语俚语 语音、语 义和语法三个方面的修辞方式没有深入研究。
5 黎庆松（2014），在《越南语俚语构成特征探析》学术刊物中已提到越南 俚语的特征，但只集中于俚语的构成就，而且篇幅仅为两页的期刊，内容 也难以全面深入。
6 柳达（2012），《汉俄俚语对比研究》硕士学位论文。此项目的研究范围属于汉俄语言对比研究，研究的对象是汉俄俚语对比。涉及俚语的概念，俚语的起源，发展以及对现代语言学发展的影响等。集中对汉语和俄语中的俚语进行对比分析，说明汉俄俚语之间的主要异同,不仅可以让人们了解两种语言中俚语的相似与差别，而且研究的结果可以被用在汉语教学领域。
越南语俚语的研究情况
During my research, I discovered that the study of slang in Vietnam is gaining increasing attention, with many scholars expressing their views on the topic However, there are relatively few theses focused specifically on Vietnamese slang, and dedicated works on the subject are quite rare Through online searches, I have identified some representative materials related to Vietnamese slang.
1 Vũ Thị Hương（2012），在《Tiếng lóng trên các diễn đàn trực tuyến Tiếng
Việt: Thực trạng, đặc điểm, cơ chế hình thành》硕士学位论文中主要探讨越
南媒体俚语的使用状况、俚语的特点及构成机制。
2 Phạm Thị Thu Hoài（2010），在《Hiện tượng lóng sử dụng trên một số báo chí dành cho giới trẻ》硕士学位论文中探讨越南媒体俚语在一些典型句式
的构成和语义特点。
3 Nguyễn Văn Khang（2001），在《Tiếng lóng Việt Nam》已区分了俚语、
行业词语和委婉语、阐明了越南语俚语的特点，未提到俚语的译法。
显而易见，俚语日益得到语言学家的关注。上述的论文主要对越南及汉
This article focuses on a comparative analysis of the semantics, pragmatics, and rhetoric of idioms, placing less emphasis on translation work.
This article focuses on the commonly used slang among Vietnamese youth, aiming to provide an in-depth analysis and translation of Vietnamese slang expressions.
译研究。这也是本文的亮点和新颖性。
在本文中，本人使用各种研究方法如下：
1 文献法：综述前人对越、汉俚语的研究结果；
2 分析法：对越南俚语及汉语俚语进行语义，语用分析；
3 对比法: 对越南俚语及汉语俚语进行对比分析，找出最佳的翻译方
除了上面所述的研究方法外，本文还用上了统计法，例证法等研究方法。
理论基础
俚语的理论基础
1.1.1 俚语的概念
In Chinese, slang refers to informal, colloquial expressions that are easily understood and reflect local characteristics, often derived from everyday life Strongly regional and practical, slang is typically used in casual settings It can convey new concepts or provide fresh terminology for existing ideas.
Traditional slang is defined as language that is rarely used in formal settings and is often considered rude, impolite, or even vulgar It is typically employed by specific social groups or subcultures, making it highly informal and stereotypical The term "slang" itself implies a sense of coarseness and a lack of sophistication, further emphasizing its exclusion from mainstream or prestigious discourse.
Slang refers to crude or highly localized dialect words, as defined by the Editing Office of the Dictionary at the Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, in the 6th edition of the Modern Chinese Dictionary.
Slang refers to fixed expressions that are commonly used in spoken language among the general public, often characterized by their informal or even vulgar nature.
俚语：又称俚俗词语。指民间口语中使用的通俗而又粗鄙的词语。如:
The article discusses various Chinese slang terms and expressions that convey negative connotations, including "pustule," "filth," "little brat," "good-for-nothing," "to die," "bastard," "blowing smoke," "marrying a chicken and following it," and "marrying a dog and following it." These phrases reflect cultural attitudes and social commentary within the language.
It is commonly believed that slang is a form of colloquial language that is highly informal and often considered crude From a cultural and aesthetic perspective, slang does not qualify as literary language.
在英语中，很多书籍对俚语提出不同的定义：
According to the authoritative definition from the Encyclopaedia Britannica, slang refers to informal language that serves as a colloquial expression and complements standard language, manifesting primarily in vocabulary and semantics rather than phonetics and intonation The Modern English Advanced Learner's Dictionary describes slang as language typically not used in serious speech or writing, considered informal or impolite, and associated with specific social groups Similarly, the Longman Contemporary English Dictionary defines slang as language commonly used in everyday conversation but unsuitable for formal writing, particularly reflecting the vernacular of certain social classes The term "slang" is believed to have originated from thieves' cant in English, possibly derived from words starting with the letter "s" or as a misspelling of "sling" and "slanguage," and was officially incorporated into English dictionaries in the early 19th century.
Slang has become a frequently used form of language, typically employed in informal, lively, or friendly settings.
Thuật ngữ "俚语" trong tiếng Trung tương đương với "lóng" và "tiếng lóng" trong tiếng Việt, cũng như "slang" trong tiếng Anh.
在越南语中，俚语的解释如下：
Tiếng lóng là một dạng phương ngữ xã hội không chính thức, thường được sử dụng trong giao tiếp hàng ngày bởi một nhóm người nhất định Ban đầu, tiếng lóng xuất hiện nhằm mục đích che giấu ý nghĩa diễn đạt, chỉ những người trong nhóm mới hiểu được Thông thường, tiếng lóng không mang ý nghĩa trực tiếp mà chứa đựng những ý nghĩa tượng trưng, nghĩa bóng.
Vũ Thị Hương (2012) đã nghiên cứu về việc sử dụng tiếng lóng trên các diễn đàn trực tuyến Tiếng Việt, phân tích thực trạng, đặc điểm và cơ chế hình thành của nó Nghiên cứu này cho thấy tiếng lóng không chỉ phản ánh sự sáng tạo ngôn ngữ của người dùng mà còn là một phần quan trọng trong văn hóa giao tiếp trực tuyến ở Việt Nam.
况、特征和形成机制，2012:9）
Câu lạc bộ ngôn ngữ bí mật, hay còn gọi là 俚语, là một hình thức ngôn ngữ ẩn dụ được sử dụng để che giấu ý nghĩ và hành động, khiến người khác khó hiểu Thường xuất hiện trong các tầng lớp xã hội như tội phạm, những người không trung thực hoặc buôn bán, 俚语 phục vụ như một công cụ giao tiếp giữa những người trong cùng một nhóm, giúp họ bảo vệ thông tin nhạy cảm khỏi sự chú ý của người ngoài.
（刘文凌，《语言学概论》，1961:75）。
1.1.2 俚语的来源
1.1.2.1 源于外来词
Loanwords are a significant source of slang in Vietnamese As international communication increases, more foreign words are being integrated into the Vietnamese language, leading to higher usage and dissemination rates The continuous incorporation of these loanwords enriches and enlivens modern Vietnamese, greatly influencing our linguistic experience.
In recent years, the continuous advancement of science and technology, along with the increasing political, economic, and cultural exchanges between China and Vietnam, has led to a growing number of Vietnamese slang terms derived from Chinese Many of these terms are not actually slang in Chinese but rather standard words or phrases However, due to some translators failing to find equivalent translations, they have resorted to using Chinese-Vietnamese terms or translating these words literally into Vietnamese Consequently, this phenomenon has become commonplace, and people now regard these Chinese-derived phrases as new slang.
如：越南语的“tra nam”源于汉语的“渣男”或者“tiểu thịt tươi”源于汉 语的“小鲜肉”。
“Tra nam” là một thuật ngữ Hán Việt dùng để chỉ những người đàn ông không có chí tiến thủ, thường xuyên than phiền trong công việc và không nghiêm túc trong tình cảm Họ thích chơi đùa với cảm xúc của người khác, đặc biệt là trong các mối quan hệ tình yêu, thể hiện sự vô trách nhiệm và không chung thủy Thuật ngữ này xuất phát từ từ “渣男” trong tiếng Trung, mô tả những người đàn ông chỉ biết đến sự vui vẻ mà không quan tâm đến cảm xúc của đối phương.
例1：Gã đó suốt ngày thay người yêu như thay áo, đúng là tra nam mà !
他每天都换一个女友，真是个渣男。
“Tiểu thịt tươi”不是提到一种食品，而指的是年龄在 12-20 岁之间长
翻译的理论基础
1.2.1 翻译的定义
Different scholars from various countries have distinct definitions of translation For instance, American linguist Eugene A Nida describes translation in his work "Theory and Practice of Translation" as the process of finding the most accurate natural equivalent in the target language that closely represents the meaning and context of the source text Fan Zhongying, in "Practical Translation Course" (1994), defines translation as expressing the information of one language in another, enabling the target audience to grasp the author's intended thoughts and feelings similar to those of the original readers Huang Zhonglian (2000) offers two definitions in "On the Nature of Translation": a narrow definition, which focuses on converting cultural information from the source language to the target language while maintaining stylistic similarity, and a broad definition, which emphasizes meeting the specific needs of the target audience Additionally, Zhang Jin, in "Principles of Literary Translation" published by Tsinghua University, describes translation as a communicative process and tool between two linguistic societies, aimed at promoting the political, economic, and cultural advancement of the target language community while faithfully transferring the logical and artistic images contained in the original work.
While these definitions are specific, they still do not clearly and comprehensively outline the essential characteristics of translation activities.
除此之外，很多翻译教材及翻译理论书籍已对翻译提出不同的概念。
Translation involves conveying the meaning of text from one language to another, effectively expressing the symbols or numerical representations of the original language in a different linguistic form.
理论》，2007:2）。这一解释简短而有力，已经概括了“翻译”的基本意义。
The "English-Chinese Translation Tutorial" by Mr Zhang Peiji and others defines translation as the linguistic activity of accurately and completely re-expressing the thoughts conveyed in one language using another language This definition emphasizes the importance of precision and completeness in the translation process.
In the 1999 edition of the "Cihai," translation is defined as the process of expressing the meaning of one language's text in the written form of another language.
The concepts found in translation textbooks and theoretical works are comprehensive; however, I find them somewhat dry and overly principled.
After reviewing various translation textbooks and theoretical works, I align with the definition presented in "English-Chinese Translation Course" by Zhang Peiji and others, published by Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press This course defines translation as "the linguistic activity of accurately and completely re-expressing the thought content conveyed in one language using another language."
I agree with this viewpoint because it presents a more specific and clearer understanding of the fundamental steps, significance, and essence of translation work This allows for a more accurate perspective in addressing the research questions related to this topic.
1.2.2 翻译的类型
1.1.2.1 按照翻译所涉及的语言
就翻译所涉及的语言可以分为两大种：语内翻译（intralingual translation）和语际翻译（interlingual translation）。
Intralingual translation refers to the translation between various linguistic variants within the same language, encompassing dialects and standard languages, ancient and modern forms, as well as translations between lyrics and prose.
1.1.2.2 按照文本的类型
Language is utilized in various social contexts to communicate effectively with different audiences and in diverse environments, resulting in a set of common vocabulary, sentence structures, and rhetorical techniques Based on the type of material, translations can be categorized into several fields, including applied literature translation, scientific translation, news translation, political translation, and business translation.
The article categorizes translation into several major types, each with its own characteristics Scientific translation encompasses the translation of intelligence materials, experimental reports, and scientific works Applied translation includes various documents such as announcements, personal messages, notifications, contracts, regulations, notices, agreements, laws, advertisements, and official letters, all of which require a standardized and precise format Political translation involves the translation of literature, social science treatises, and research reports, demanding a formal tone and clear logic.
1.1.2.3 按照译文的表达方式
Translation methods can be categorized into two types: oral translation and written translation Oral translation, often referred to as interpretation, involves the immediate verbal reproduction of spoken language into another spoken form.
Oral translation is categorized into two main types: consecutive interpretation and simultaneous interpretation Consecutive interpretation is commonly used in settings such as speeches at banquets, business negotiations, conference presentations, and guided tours In contrast, simultaneous interpretation is employed in large formal events like international conferences, where interpreters use specialized equipment to translate in real-time while listening This method demands a high level of accuracy and speed, making it the most challenging form of oral translation.
Written translation, commonly referred to as "translation," involves converting written statements from one language into another It is utilized for translating literature, social sciences, arts, and scientific documents Unlike interpretation, written translation is not constrained by time, allowing for a more thorough and precise approach Consequently, written translation demands higher standards and greater accuracy.
From this perspective, some believe that translation should be divided into two main categories: human translation and machine translation Human translation encompasses both interpretation and written translation, while machine translation refers to the use of modern translation tools, such as Google Translate or popular software like Trados, Wordfast, and Workbench However, I disagree with this viewpoint, as current machine translation systems are unable to effectively translate texts that extend beyond sentence boundaries Furthermore, these systems do not fully meet the three essential translation standards of fidelity, expressiveness, and elegance Therefore, I contend that machine translation should only serve as an auxiliary tool for translators during the translation process.
1.1.2.4 按照翻译方法
从翻译方法来看，我们可以把翻译分为直译和意译两大类。
小结
The rapid development of the internet has led to a flourishing of slang, a distinctive language that reflects contemporary trends and regional dialects, characterized by its casual and informal nature Slang has a profound impact on society, shaping people's aesthetic values and perceptions, as well as influencing language itself In today's era, many slang terms contradict traditional thinking and culture, with most being created by younger generations The use of slang can leave a lasting impression, often employing exaggeration to evoke laughter or amusement However, some vulgar or offensive slang can provoke discomfort or be seen as provocative, highlighting the need for caution in its usage As production technology advances, cultural expressions continue to evolve.
The ongoing integration and communication among different cultures have led to the emergence of numerous innovative phenomena in society Young people, with their dynamic thinking and imaginative connections, play a pivotal role in this transformation.
The expansion of contemporary culture has led to the emergence of numerous new fashion-related slang terms As these slang expressions continue to proliferate, the need for effective translation becomes increasingly important.
的要求也不断地提高。
翻译是人类思想交流的工具，是一种特殊的交际行为。它把两种不同的
Language behaviors must be unified to effectively convey the content of discourse, fulfill communication tasks, and achieve successful interaction.
The purpose of this article is to explore the accelerated process of Vietnam's reform and opening-up, particularly following its accession to the World Trade Organization.
The communication within the Vietnamese language community is becoming increasingly frequent, particularly as the relationship between Vietnam and China grows closer.
The importance of translation work is growing in today's rapidly evolving landscape As time progresses, new slang and expressions continuously emerge, highlighting the need for skilled translators who can effectively bridge language gaps and adapt to changing linguistic trends.
Slang often conveys meanings that go beyond their literal interpretations, making translation a complex task Understanding the cultural context and nuances is essential for accurately conveying the intended message.
Translators must pay close attention to potential misunderstandings during the translation process to avoid misinterpretations.
越南语俚语特点及汉译方法
俚语的特点
2.1.1 滥用汉越词及其字面意
China and Vietnam share a close geographical connection, with frequent interactions between their peoples and a long history of cultural exchange As the relationship between the two nations deepens, the influence of Chinese culture on Vietnam has grown significantly, leading to a notable impact on the Vietnamese language.
The rapid advancement of the internet in the information age has transformed the way information is disseminated, enabling swift and extensive global communication The internet serves not only as a channel for information but also as a platform for interaction, allowing people to connect emotionally and express their opinions With the acceleration of societal development and the maturation of internet technology, it has become an integral part of daily life, enhancing convenience and altering communication methods Furthermore, the internet's growth fosters the evolution of language, as individuals adapt their linguistic styles and characteristics to suit various communication contexts for optimal effectiveness.
Giao tiếp trên không gian ảo đã dẫn đến việc người dùng mạng sáng tạo ra một ngôn ngữ độc đáo, nhanh chóng và hài hước, được gọi là ngôn ngữ mạng Trong đó, tiếng lóng tiếng Việt có nguồn gốc từ tiếng Hán giữ vai trò quan trọng Hiện nay, khi lướt web, rất dễ dàng bắt gặp các từ như “em gái trà xanh”, “tiểu thịt tươi” và “tra nam”, đều là những tiếng lóng tiếng Việt được vay mượn từ tiếng Hán.
In the rapidly evolving digital age, Chinese online novels, particularly romance novels, have emerged and gained immense popularity among the youth Today, these Chinese romance novels continue to thrive, capturing attention not only for their engaging stories but also for the unique language they employ The Vietnamese versions of these Chinese romance novels reveal their widespread appeal and cultural impact.
Các thuật ngữ như “võng du” (网游), “trạch nữ” (宅女), và “bóng đèn” (电灯泡) đang dần trở thành một phần trong ngôn ngữ hàng ngày của con người Những từ ngữ này không chỉ xuất hiện trong các trò chơi trực tuyến và tiểu thuyết ngôn tình mà còn làm phong phú thêm cho ngôn ngữ truyền thống.
Sự xuất hiện của những từ (cụm từ) này bắt nguồn từ việc một số người dịch không tìm thấy cách dịch tương đương trong quá trình dịch thuật, dẫn đến việc lạm dụng từ Hán-Việt hoặc nghĩa đen của từ Hầu hết các dịch giả của tiểu thuyết tình cảm đều là sinh viên, và do thời gian dịch thuật mạng ngắn và yêu cầu nhanh chóng, nhiều từ Hán-Việt trong tiếng Việt có cách dịch tương đương nhưng vẫn bị lạm dụng, khiến bản dịch chưa hoàn thiện Ví dụ, từ "渣男" trong tiếng Trung có thể được dịch là "gã sở khanh", "đồ khốn nạn" hoặc các cách diễn đạt khác.
者“tên cặn bã”将比汉越词“tra nam”更加委婉；“电灯泡”不应该翻译成
“bóng đèn”，而可以译为“kỳ đà cản mũi”，这样的翻译不会让人因字面意
思而误会，从而产生迷离糊涂的感觉。
2.1.2 越南语俚语的语音及构造特点
2.1.2.1 谐音或同音异义
同音异义 là hiện tượng hai hoặc nhiều từ có cùng phát âm nhưng ý nghĩa khác nhau Các bạn trẻ Việt Nam đã tận dụng hiện tượng này để sáng tạo ra những từ lóng và ý nghĩa mới Chẳng hạn, trong tiếng Việt, "yết kiêu" có nghĩa là kiêu ngạo, "cá sấu" được dùng để chỉ sự xấu xí, "cá mập" ám chỉ người béo, còn "a kay" diễn tả cảm giác tức giận, khó chịu hoặc không phục.
“xôi xéo、chim cút – cút xéo ”指滚开的意思等。
例 7：Thằng đó mới tý tuổi mà đã giở thói yết kiêu
他年纪不大，傲气不小。
例 8：Tên đó cá mập thật đấy!
他真是个胖子！
The examples illustrate the profound changes within slang, where the same expression can hold different meanings across various social groups and time periods Notably, the phenomenon of homophonic synonyms appears to have emerged only recently, suggesting that the methods of word formation in Vietnamese youth slang are continuously evolving and becoming more diverse.
2.1.2.2 英越混合词
Các câu lạc bộ ngôn ngữ phát triển nhanh chóng với sự phổ biến và ứng dụng rộng rãi Trước đây, hiện tượng pha trộn giữa tiếng Anh và tiếng Việt thường xuất hiện trong cấu trúc câu, với việc kết hợp câu tiếng Việt và từ vựng tiếng Anh, chẳng hạn như: “Ok con dê, cứ quyết định vậy đi” Thậm chí, trong một số trường hợp, nghĩa đen của tiếng Anh còn bị giới trẻ Việt Nam lạm dụng để diễn đạt những ý nghĩa hoàn toàn khác, như: “Sugar me me go, sugar you you go”.
Recent trends in language have introduced a new phenomenon of English-Vietnamese hybrid expressions, such as "đú trend" (to follow trends), "make colour" (to show off), and "yolo" (you only live once) These phrases reflect a blend of cultures and communication styles, showcasing the dynamic evolution of language in contemporary society.
Con người chỉ sống một lần, và từ ngữ như “amazing gút chóp” (牛逼) đang trở nên phổ biến Theo thời gian, đặc điểm cấu thành của ngôn ngữ cũng đã có những thay đổi đáng kể.
Các thành ngữ thường sử dụng từ ngữ liên quan đến động vật, màu sắc, bộ phận cơ thể và thời gian, giúp mô tả sự vật một cách sinh động và dễ hiểu hơn Những phép ẩn dụ hình ảnh này không chỉ tạo sự thú vị mà còn mang lại cảm giác hài hước Có nhiều phương pháp cải cách thành ngữ, trong đó nhiều từ cũ được sử dụng với ý nghĩa mới do sự phát triển và biến đổi của xã hội, kinh tế và đời sống văn hóa Ví dụ, "ô dù" (bảo trợ lớn) và "gấu" (bạn trai/bạn gái).
Cơm (妻子) và phở (小三) là những từ cổ trong tiếng Việt, nhưng với sự thay đổi của thời đại, giới trẻ đã sáng tạo ra những ý nghĩa mới cho những từ ngữ này, hình thành nên các kiểu slang mới.
例 9：Phở dài là của người ta, cơm ngon canh ngọt mới là vợ anh
别的男人在外面有小三，而我只忠心于我的妻子。
俚语的译法
2.2.1.1 源于汉语的越南语俚语
Due to the geographical proximity and cultural similarities between Vietnam and China, Vietnamese slang derived from the Chinese language is increasingly prevalent In this study of 135 slang terms, 31 Vietnamese slang expressions, accounting for 22.96%, are found to originate from Chinese.
Gần đây, cụm từ "Em gái trà xanh" đã trở nên phổ biến, theo baoquocte.vn, nó chỉ những người có vẻ ngoài đơn giản, ngây thơ nhưng thực chất lại rất mưu mô.
"Em gái trà xanh" là thuật ngữ chỉ những người phụ nữ bên ngoài có vẻ thanh thuần, hiền lành, nhưng bên trong lại rất hư hỏng và giỏi tính kế Họ thường thích xen vào mối quan hệ của người khác, phá hoại tình cảm và đùa giỡn với cảm xúc của người khác Thuật ngữ này có nguồn gốc từ "绿茶婊" trong tiếng Trung, miêu tả những người phụ nữ giả vờ yếu đuối, đáng thương nhưng thực chất lại rất mưu mô và tinh ranh trong việc chơi đùa tình cảm.
例 10：Cái loại em gái trà xanh đó, cậu nên chia tay càng sớm càng tốt
她是个绿茶婊，你应该尽早和她分手吧。
“(Phát) cẩu lương”在越南语是指在没有恋爱对象的人面前秀男女朋友之
"间的恩爱" là thuật ngữ chỉ những hành động thân mật và tình cảm ngọt ngào mà các cặp đôi thể hiện trước những người độc thân Thuật ngữ này xuất phát từ tiếng Trung, với ý nghĩa thể hiện tình yêu và sự gắn bó giữa các cặp đôi.
In Chinese culture, those without a girlfriend are humorously referred to as "single dogs," and when couples showcase their affection in front of them, it is termed "throwing dog food."
例 11：Hai người đừng có phát cẩu lương nữa, tôi nhìn thôi đã buồn nôn rồi
你们两别撒狗粮了，我一看就觉得恶心。
"Cẩu huyết" hay "máu chó" là thuật ngữ thường được dùng để mô tả đặc điểm của tiểu thuyết tình cảm hoặc phim truyền hình, chỉ những cốt truyện bị sao chép và nhại lại liên tục, với những tình huống lặp đi lặp lại, diễn xuất phóng đại và thiếu chân thật Thuật ngữ này cũng chỉ những câu chuyện nhàm chán, khô cứng, thường gặp ở các tác giả trẻ mới bắt đầu hoặc những tác giả không chịu thay đổi phong cách viết để thu hút độc giả Xuất phát từ từ "狗血" trong tiếng Trung, thuật ngữ này liên quan đến việc sử dụng máu chó trong các nghi lễ để xua đuổi ma quái, tượng trưng cho những biện pháp cuối cùng mà đạo diễn và biên kịch phải áp dụng khi gặp bế tắc trong việc phát triển cốt truyện nhằm tăng tỷ lệ người xem Do đó, "cẩu huyết" được dùng để chỉ những tình tiết trong phim và tiểu thuyết.
例 12：Chẳng hiểu sao mấy cái tình tiết máu chó này vẫn có bao người thích xem
我搞不懂为什么现在还有那么多人喜欢这种狗血剧情。
Due to the origin of this Vietnamese slang from the Chinese language, most of it directly utilizes Sino-Vietnamese words or translates the literal meanings of phrases Therefore, to translate this slang into Chinese, one can either use the corresponding Sino-Vietnamese terms or translate the literal meanings of the Vietnamese slang into Chinese Refer to Table 1 for specifics.
表一 源于汉语的越南语俚语
序号 越南俚语 汉语 意思
1 Ăn dưa 吃瓜 在网络环境中，用来表示一种不关己事、不
发表意见仅围观的状态。
2 Bách hợp 百合 女性之间的爱慕关系。
Some characters may appear harmless, innocent, and straightforward on the surface, but deep down, they are cunning and deceitful, manipulating others' sympathy to achieve their malicious goals.
4 Bán manh 卖萌 故意做可爱状，打动别人。
5 Bóng đèn 电灯泡 指男女谈恋爱时碍手碍脚又不知趣的第三
6 Cẩu độc thân 单身狗 特指没有恋爱对象的人。
In the realm of television dramas, certain plots are frequently remade and imitated, often leading to poorly executed replicas characterized by exaggerated and unrealistic performances These overused storylines have become clichéd and predictable, reflecting a lack of originality and creativity in contemporary storytelling.
狗粮 指在没有男女朋友的人面前秀男女朋友之间
She presents herself as a delicate and harmless woman, embodying a serene yet melancholic persona, often appearing fragile and prone to misfortune However, beneath this facade lies a cunning individual skilled in manipulation, adept at playing with emotions.
10 Học bá 学霸 指擅长学习，每门学科分数都很高的学生。
11 Khẩu nghiệp 口业 指妄言﹑恶口﹑两舌和绮语。
12 Khuê mật 闺蜜 也称闺密，即闺中密友，通常用来形容女孩
子中关系密切的朋友。
The term "cold and harsh" reflects a moral sentiment and concept of moral quality, embodying a lack of empathy and compassion It signifies a cruel and unfeeling disposition, devoid of any kindness or understanding towards others.
14 Nam thần 男神 指一些性别为男性的神仙，引申意即是世人
对某些优秀男性或者偶像的尊称。
15 Nấu cháo điện thoại 煲电话粥 意思是长时间通过电话和对方聊天。
16 Niên hạ 年下 指自己比对方小的意思。
17 Ngược cẩu 虐狗 情侣们变着法子秀恩爱，虐待单身狗的心
The article discusses the prohibition of specific individuals, such as celebrities and artists, from participating in certain activities or performing particular jobs It also addresses the restriction of certain media outlets from broadcasting programs or publishing materials, as well as the suppression of particular information dissemination This represents a form of permanent ban or an action driven by an intention to impose a lasting prohibition.
19 Sát thanh 杀青 指拍好的底片，已经放在片盒中，准备送去
20 Soái ca 帅哥 对面容姣好的男子的统称
21 Tạo nghiệp 造孽 意思是干坏事。
The process involves systematic efforts to dismantle an individual's previous beliefs and loyalties, replacing them with allegiance to a new ideology or regime.
23 Tẩy trắng 洗白 指那些明星、演员曾经有黑历史，但至今这
些黑历史已被清理好。
24 Tiểu tam 小三 指与已婚者产生恋情或与之发生不正当男女
25 Tiểu thịt tươi 小鲜肉 一般指年龄在 12-20 岁之间长相俊俏的男
总裁 是在一个企业中负责日常经营管理的最高级
27 Tự vả 打脸 指某人对自己先前的言论和行为进行否定，
Men with traditional mindsets often exhibit a rigid aesthetic perspective and low emotional intelligence, living within their own worldview, values, and aesthetic standards They frequently express dissatisfaction towards women and tend to judge them, embodying a self-centered form of patriarchy.
指对待异性之间感情不认真、玩弄对方感情
(尤指恋情)的男人。
30 Trạch nữ 宅女 指长期足不出户的女性。
31 Võng du 网游 网络游戏。
2.2.1.2 非源于汉语的越南语俚语
A significant number of Vietnamese slang terms do not originate from Chinese These words are either newly created by Vietnamese youth or represent existing terms that have evolved to embody new concepts or ideas Among the 135 slang terms examined in this article, 65 are Vietnamese slang that have equivalent translations and are not derived from Chinese, accounting for 48.15% of the total.
“Đú trend”是一个越南语俚语，这个词是越南年轻人新创造的词语。根
小结
Effective communication relies on a shared language, as interactions across different languages require a common understanding to facilitate meaningful exchanges.
In translating slang, it is essential to think critically and explore the phrase from multiple perspectives to achieve an accurate and meaningful interpretation.
Understanding the true meaning of slang requires looking beyond its surface interpretation It is essential to analyze the context in which the slang is used to grasp its accurate significance.
The true essence of expression is what scholars should strive for Among the countless idioms, it is not just about the words used, but the meaning conveyed that truly matters.
There is only one method of translation, which requires the translator to determine the meaning of words based on the specific context.
Finding the appropriate translation is essential in the process of translation, which is a bilingual activity grounded in language comparison Enhancing translation skills requires a deep understanding of both languages involved.
To enhance translation skills, translators must strengthen their proficiency in two languages by focusing on the phonetic structure and grammatical frameworks of each language.
This article explores the similarities and differences in structure, vocabulary semantics, and rhetorical techniques, while also providing strategies for effectively managing these variations.
何一种语言的修养存在欠缺都会影响翻译的水平和译文的质量。