AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This research aims to enhance the teaching and learning of language for Vietnamese learners by deepening their appreciation for the beauty of literary language and the translation methods of stylistic devices Additionally, it seeks to improve learners' written language skills, particularly in relation to stylistic features.
ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
The study is presented in the following parts:
The introduction chapter introduces background and rationale of this study, and summarizes research questions and outline of this paper.
Chapter 2: Literature Review and Theoretical Background
Chapter 2 is theoretical background which clarifies some important concepts in the study In this chapter, some of the previous researches on stylistic devices were presented.
Methodology of this study is introduced in chapter 3, which describes data collection and data analysis in detail.
Chapter 4 focuses on the results and discussion In this chapter, answers to research questions raised in the Introduction section are provided though quantitative analysis.
Conclusions are drawn to general findings of this study, limitations of this study stated and suggestions put forward for the future research.
Chapter Two LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
This chapter provides a comprehensive review of existing research on stylistic devices in both English and Vietnamese, aiming to assess the current landscape of this field and identify areas for future investigation The structure of the chapter includes a Literature Review, Theoretical Background, and a Summary.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Language and culture
Peeter Torop (2009) emphasizes the intrinsic link between culture and translation, highlighting that cultural innovation occurs through the integration of new texts Wittgenstein's assertion, “the limits of my language are the limits of my world" (1958, p 53), underscores the significance of language as a cultural core Language, comprising organized verbal symbols governed by specific rules, is essential for communities to express thoughts and emotions The article also contrasts Vietnamese and British cultures, illustrating differences between Vietnamese translations and English originals Culture encompasses a society's beliefs, customs, behaviors, and social habits, and includes aspects like production modes and moral conceptions Language serves both as a cultural component and a medium for other cultural elements, necessitating an understanding of cultural context for effective translation Translators face the challenge of addressing cultural nuances in source texts while finding suitable techniques to convey these in the target language, with the complexity of these issues influenced by the cultural and linguistic gaps between languages The article will explore various strategies for addressing cultural implications in translation, alongside an analysis of the source text and the author's objectives.
As gentle as a lamb = hiền như cục đất / hiền như củ khoai.
In British nomadic culture, the lamb symbolizes tradition, while in Vietnam's agricultural society, land and potatoes hold significant value Although these idioms convey similar meanings, their cultural contexts influence the objects of comparison.
Authors find the way to express the same idea and meaning in the understandable way Lexical means of Fitzgeral describe intonation which is shown by alliteration of first consonants.
Fitzgerald's writing style and techniques reflect a traditional approach, rooted in pre-World War I assumptions As noted by Lionel Trilling, Fitzgerald embodies the Romantic fantasy of personal ambition and heroism, unlike Hemingway and Dos Passos, whose protagonists often express disillusionment While Fitzgerald's male characters may question their ideals, they remain committed to them, asserting his connection to the 19th-century literary tradition Above all, Fitzgerald is a storyteller who forges an intimate bond with readers through his warm, witty, and gentle narrative voice Trilling highlights Fitzgerald's ability to celebrate goodness and morality, showcasing a unique blend of satirical insight and heartfelt admiration for the positive aspects of life.
Fitzgerald's mastery of stylistic and technical devices is widely acknowledged, particularly in works like The Great Gatsby, which Arthur James Thurber noted in 1942 for its ability to evoke deep emotional responses Gertrude Stein also praised Fitzgerald in 1933, recognizing him as the only younger writer who crafted sentences with natural fluency.
Stylistics and Stylistic devices
According to Leech and Short (2007), style is the costume of thinking Leech
Stylistics, as defined by Widdowson (1975), is the study of literary texts through a linguistic lens, focusing on how stylistic devices enhance meaning and evoke emotions in readers Critics argue that the term "style" is often used without a clear understanding, yet it refers to the distinctive manner in which something is written, spoken, or performed (1969) Various techniques are employed by writers to infuse liveliness and appeal into their work, making it more engaging Carter (1988) describes stylistics as a bridge between linguistics and literature, while Wales (1989) notes the diverse approaches influenced by both fields Crystal (1980) further emphasizes that stylistics examines language deviations, highlighting its integral role within linguistics Leech and Short also contribute to the understanding of stylistic devices, reinforcing their significance in literary analysis.
Stylistic devices serve as a crucial means of conveying the writer's message to the reader, transforming language units into expressions that carry specific stylistic meanings These devices embody established abstract schemes, crafted to elicit distinct artistic effects in writing.
Functions of Stylistic devices
Stylistic devices, as noted by Gaperin in 1977, enhance the emotional and logical emphasis of communication, playing a crucial role in creating figurative meaning and vivid imagery Figurative language expresses specific feelings and stimulates imagination, thereby improving the clarity and enjoyment of both written and oral communication Stylistics examines the expressive properties of linguistic units and their interaction in conveying ideas and emotions within a text or communicative context, highlighting the distinction between a word's contextual meaning and its denotative meaning Wales (2001) emphasizes that the primary objective of stylistics is to analyze the formal features of texts not just for their own sake, but to understand their functional significance in text interpretation and to connect literary effects with their linguistic causes.
Simile
Simile is a stylistic device that creates a direct comparison between two or more entities, enhancing the meaning of a text Defined by Cuddon in 1965, it is a figure of speech that clarifies and enriches imagery through explicit comparisons using the words "like" or "as." Commonly found in both prose and verse, similes serve as a powerful tool for making unfamiliar concepts relatable by likening them to familiar objects or events known to the reader.
A simile consists of three components:
1) What is compared (the subject of a simile);
2) With what the comparison is made (the object of the simile);
3) The basis of the comparison.
She walks like an angel.
I wandered lonely as a cloud (Wordsworth)
Trẻ em như búp trên cành,
Biết ăn ngủ, biết học hành là ngoan.
(Trẻ con - Hồ Chí Minh) The stylistic functions of simile are to imaginative characterization of a phenomenon and to produce a humorous effect by its unexpectedness.
Example.: A nice old man, hairless as a boiled onion.
Personification
Personification is a literary device that attributes human qualities or characteristics to inanimate objects or abstract concepts As defined by Cuddon in 1965, it involves the impersonation or embodiment of certain qualities, allowing readers to connect with non-human elements on a personal level This technique enhances storytelling by giving life to objects and making them relatable through human traits.
Necessity is the mother of invention
It is a kind of metaphor in which animals, plants, inanimate objects or abstract ideas are represented as if they were human beings and possessed human qualities.
Repetition
Repetition is a powerful literary device that enhances clarity and memorability by reiterating specific words or phrases Commonly found in both prose and poetry, it can involve the repetition of a word, phrase, full sentence, or poetic line to underscore its importance within the text This stylistic technique effectively emphasizes key ideas, making them resonate with readers.
“It was many and many a year ago,
In a kingdom by the sea,
That a maiden there lived whom you may know
I was a child and she was a child,
In this kingdom by the sea,
But we loved with a love that was more than love —
In "Annabel Lee," Edgar Allan Poe employs the refrain "In a kingdom by the sea," strategically placing it in the second line of each stanza and repeating it in the final line of the third stanza This repetition captures the reader's attention while enhancing the poem's meter and rhythm.
Metaphor
In 1980, G Lakoff and Johnson proposed that metaphor extends beyond literature and rhetoric, influencing all aspects of language use A metaphor serves as a comparison between two fundamentally different entities without employing "like" or "as," distinguishing it from a simile, which merely suggests that one thing resembles another.
And all the men and women merely players (Shakespeare)
The linguistic characteristics of metaphor and simile differ significantly A metaphor relies on the interplay between a word's logical meaning and its contextual implications, while a simile uses a word in its straightforward, direct sense.
Hyperbole (exaggeration)
Hyperbole is a figurative language that involves exaggeration for emphasis or effect, as noted by Stern (2000) and Leech (1983) This rhetorical device enhances everyday conversations by making statements more impactful, conveying emotions such as humor, excitement, or distress By amplifying feelings or descriptions, hyperbole allows speakers to express sentiments more vividly, often leading to a greater understanding of their perspective.
Hyperbole is a stylistic device that amplifies the emotional and logical meanings of words, creating intense exaggeration that is often impossible to fulfill practically Both the writer and reader, or speaker and listener, recognize the intentional nature of this exaggeration, highlighting the overflow of emotions in communication.
"What I suffer in that way no tongue can tell" (J K Jerome)
"No tongue can tell" means "it is very difficult to express by means of the language".
Hyperbole, often rooted in metonymy, particularly with the term "tongue," is frequently employed to evoke humor or satire, reflecting the author's perspective on the subject matter However, with repeated use, hyperbole can lose its uniqueness and transform into a standardized element of language.
We constantly use expressions containing hyperbole in our everyday speech Such exaggerations are distinguished from a hyperbole as a stylistic device.
"Đội trời đạp đất ở đời" - Truyện Kiều
Parallelism
Parallelism in rhetoric is a stylistic device characterized by the repetition of similar structures, as defined by the Encyclopedia Cu Đinh Tu elaborates that parallelism involves the conscious arrangement of similar words, phrases, or sentences, creating a grammatical construction with consistent form and length This technique not only enhances the fluency and readability of writing but also allows readers to easily absorb and understand ideas By employing parallel structures, writers can achieve a refined language style, particularly in professional writing and advertising, providing rhythm and balance that guide readers to the intended message without confusion.
Looking towards the Southern sky and dreaming of old friends -
After Prison a Walk in the Mountains - Prison Diary (Aileen Palmer)
“Súng bên súng, đầu sát bên đầu” - Đồng Chí (Chính Hữu)
Translation and translation methods
Translation is a process of transferring written text from a source language to a target language, aiming for optimal equivalence, as noted by Wilssi (1982) This involves a deep understanding of the source language's syntax, semantics, and pragmatics Additionally, Bell (1991) emphasized that translation should express the same ideas in a different language while maintaining both semantic and stylistic equivalencies.
For example, the Vietnamese sentence “Người bắt đầu học ngoại ngữ luôn luôn gặp khó khăn ngay từ bước đầu.” can be translated into the English sentence
“Beginners of foreign language always meet difficulties from the outset.” (Tran Van Diem, Dong A Language School, 1998)
Translators focus on converting written texts from one language to another, handling a variety of assignments Their work includes translating straightforward documents like birth certificates and driving licenses, as well as more intricate materials such as articles in specialized journals, business contracts, and legal documents.
Translation involves transforming text from one language to another, essentially changing its form According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, it is a process that alters the surface structure of a language, which includes words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs This structural aspect of language is what we perceive in written or spoken communication.
Translation can be categorized into two primary types: form-based and meaning-based Form-based translation, or literal translation, adheres closely to the structure of the source language, while meaning-based translation, known as idiomatic translation, focuses on conveying the intended meaning in a way that feels natural in the target language An interlinear translation represents a strictly literal approach While literal translations may serve specific purposes, such as linguistic studies, they often lack communicative value and can sound nonsensical.
Many foreign tourists have recommended May Hong Hotel to us.
The translator's primary objective is to convey the same message from the source language into the receptor language while adhering to its natural grammatical and lexical structures An effective idiomatic translation captures the essence of the original text, ensuring that the meaning is preserved in a way that feels natural and fluent to the target audience.
Every language categorizes its lexicon into classes like nouns, verbs, and adjectives, but the specific classes and subclasses can vary significantly between languages Consequently, direct translation of a noun from the source language to the receptor language may not always be feasible.
Grammatical structures differ between source and receptor languages, often resulting in reversed word order For example, a simple Vietnamese sentence can have a literal English translation that highlights these variations.
Vietnamese people tend to use active constructions to express their ideas whereas English people prefer to use passive constructions.
Vietnamese: Người ta xem Ho Chi Minh là một nhà thơ vĩ đại (Active)
English: Ho Chi Minh is considered to be a great poet (Passive)
The translated sentences serve as examples of grammatical adjustments that occur when a translator focuses on idiomatic expressions in the source language While there may be instances where the forms align by chance, a translator's priority should be to convey the meaning rather than ensuring that the structures remain identical.
Newmark (1988) mentioned two translation types as source language emphasis and Target language emphasis:
Word-for-word translation, also known as interlinear translation, maintains the original word order of the source language while translating each word individually based on its most common meaning, often without considering the context This method is primarily used to grasp the structure and mechanics of the source language and to aid in interpreting challenging texts during the presentation process.
English: I do not understand what you said
Word- for word translation: Tôi không hiểu những gì bạn nói
Literal translation: it is converted to the nearest target language equivalents but the lexical words are translated singly, out of context.
Vietnamese: Nhớ gởi thư cho mình nhé
Literal translation: Remember to send me a letter
Faithful translation aims to accurately convey the original text's contextual meaning while adhering to the grammatical rules of the target language This approach emphasizes the preservation of cultural nuances and maintains a high level of grammatical precision, ensuring that the writer's original intentions are respected and reflected in the translated work.
English: Let sleeping dogs lie
Faithfull translation: Đừng đụng tới những còn chó đang ngủ để chúng nằm
Semantic translation prioritizes the aesthetic value of the source text, distinguishing it from faithful translation, which adheres strictly to the original This approach is more flexible and naturalizes the content, whereas faithful translation remains uncompromising Semantic translation effectively handles cultural words using neutral or functional equivalents and emphasizes the aesthetic features of the source material It closely captures metaphors, collocations, technical terms, slang, colloquialisms, and unusual syntactic structures This translation style is particularly suited for high-status texts, including religious, legal, political speeches, and expressive literature.
English: David was overworked and half - starved
Semantic translation: David phải làm việc vất vả mà vẫn chưa đủ ăn
Adaptation is a flexible form of translation primarily used in plays and poetry, where the original plot, themes, and characters are maintained while transforming the cultural context from the source language to that of the target language, resulting in a rewritten text.
English: A taste of India (Title of an illustrated book on Indian cooking)
Adaptation translation: Nghệ thuật ẩm thực Ấn Độ
Free translation: it produces the matter without the manner, the content without the form of the original, which is paraphrase much longer than the original.
English: That guy is as poor as a church mouse
Free translation: Anh ta nghèo rớt mồng tơi
Idiomatic translation: it reproduces the message of the original but distorts nuances of meaning by preferring idiom, colloquialism which do not exist in the original.
English: David was overworked and half - starved
Idiomatic translation: David phải làm việc đầu tắt mặt tối mà bữa đói bữa no
Communicative translation focuses on conveying the exact contextual meaning of the original text while ensuring that both the content and language are easily understandable for readers This approach is more flexible than semantic translation, prioritizing the effectiveness of the message, readability, and naturalness It is particularly effective for informative texts that aim to present content in a clear and accessible manner.
English: Right in the Hanoi, Hoan Kiem is an enchanting body of water, a peaceful oasis away from the hustle and bustle of the city.
Hồ Hoàn Kiếm, tọa lạc ngay trung tâm Hà Nội, là một điểm đến tuyệt đẹp và thanh bình, mang đến không gian tĩnh lặng giữa nhịp sống hối hả của thành phố.
Communicative translation: Hồ Hoàn Kiếm là một hồ nước đẹp, yên tĩnh nằm ở trung tâm ồn ào của Hà Nội.
To sum up, translation methods are used flexibly in particular contexts so that translational versions get effective in conveying the meaning and plot of the original literature works.
Novel
A novel is an extended narrative that portrays fictional characters and events through a sequential storyline, similar to a short story, as both belong to the realm of prose narrative fiction They share intrinsic elements such as plot, character, and setting (Sumardjo & Saini, 1991, p 29) Many novels feature young protagonists, as they often grapple with conventional standards and societal expectations (John Peck & Martin Coyle).
The plot of the novel is structured sequentially to illustrate cause and effect, as noted by Forster (p.165) While writers have historically been captivated by the world around them, the evolution of the novel signifies a shift from a predominantly religious perspective to a focus on the intricacies of daily life Most novels center on ordinary individuals and their societal challenges, reflecting their personal stories and experiences (Peck & Coyle, 1984, p.102).
A novel may have complex themes, many characters of various atmospheres.Novel can be divided in three themes They are romantic novel, adventure novel and fantasy novel (Sumardjo & Saini, 1991, p 29).
LITERATURE REVIEW
Cuddon (2013), Wales (2014), and Geoffrey (1969) have explored various stylistic devices, examining their theoretical and practical significance In his renowned work "Stylistics," Galperin (1977) contributes to this field by providing valuable insights.
Stylistics emphasizes the crucial role of meaning in language, extending beyond individual words and phrases to encompass the writer's unique expression This highlights how meaning is intricately tied to both the choice of language and the overall style of communication.
In 2005, Nguyen Thi Dieu Tram conducted a study on lexical stylistic devices in William Makepeace Thackeray's "Vanity Fair," focusing on metaphor and irony Her research emphasized the artistic merits of character descriptions and the depiction of social realities, particularly materialism and social status, as illustrated through Rebecca Sharp's interactions with others in society.
Riffaterre (1964) emphasized in "Stylistic Context" that stylistics focuses on the effects of communication and its ability to capture attention (p.122) It is seen as a scientific approach to language that examines the outcomes of communication acts Galperin (1977) noted that stylistics should explore linguistic phenomena that form a system, rather than being limited to individual usage Recognized as the "output of the act of communication," stylistics encompasses various forms of communication—both verbal and non-verbal, literary and non-literary—each possessing its unique style Additionally, stylistics aids in understanding the choices made by individuals and social groups in language use, encompassing aspects like socialization and the creation and interpretation of meaning.
Stylistic devices have been extensively studied in university language, literature, and linguistics departments globally Notably, Abioye (2009) explored the concept of the Rhetorical Question, identifying eight distinct types in various forms of discourse, including newspapers This research underscores the importance for teachers and writers to enhance their work by utilizing a diverse array of stylistic styles.
Huang (2011) conducted a study that utilized stylistics to analyze and evaluate literary translation, particularly between English and Chinese The research emphasized the importance of preserving the original style in translations by examining various techniques and linguistic features in literary texts, as well as their corresponding functions Additionally, it explored methods for assessing the stylistic choices made by individual translators in their work.
Duboviciene and Skorupa (2014) explored the role of linguistic devices in print advertisements, emphasizing the significance of both figurative language and sound techniques Their analysis highlighted the application of phonological, lexical, syntactic, and semantic elements within advertisement slogans, showcasing how these devices enhance the effectiveness of marketing messages.
Trong tiếng Việt, các tài liệu quan trọng về phong cách học và đặc điểm tu từ bao gồm "Phong cách học và đặc điểm tu từ tiếng Việt" của Cu Dinh Tu (1983) và "99 phương tiện và biện pháp tu từ tiếng Việt" của Dinh Trong Lac Những tác phẩm này cung cấp cái nhìn sâu sắc về các phương pháp và biện pháp tu từ, góp phần nâng cao hiểu biết về ngôn ngữ và phong cách diễn đạt trong văn học Việt Nam.
(2003) These two books presented and analyzed stylistic devices in Vietnamese and study on many aspects of stylistic devices used in both foreign and national literary works.
In her 2006 Master’s thesis, Phan Thi Uyen Uyen examined the use of stylistic devices in advertising language, comparing their similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese newspapers.
Lê Thi Lai (2011) identified key stylistic devices used to depict natural scenery in both English and Vietnamese literature, while Do Thi Quy (2014) explored the application of these devices to critique materialism in Nguyễn Trọng Phụng's novel "Số Đỏ." Together, their findings underscore the significance of studying stylistic devices in literature.
Limited research has focused on the literary analysis of "The Great Gatsby" by F Scott Fitzgerald Nguyen Phuong Khanh's study highlights irony as a key element of the novel, illustrating how literary components such as plot, characterization, narration, and the author's perspective are infused with subtle humor, leading to unexpected situations for readers.
In "The Great Gatsby," F Scott Fitzgerald masterfully curates his literary influences and imagination, using meticulously chosen details to reflect the character and perspective of each owner A prime example is Gatsby's iconic yellow car, which Tom Buchanan dismissively refers to as a "circus wagon." Nick Carraway vividly describes it as "a rich cream color, bright with nickel," emphasizing its extravagant features and the way it captures light, symbolizing Gatsby's opulence and the complexity of his persona.
Fitzgerald masterfully illustrates Gatsby's grand self-image, intertwined with a superficial allure, emphasizing the contrast between beauty and vulgarity His impressionistic writing style evokes sensory experiences, drawing readers into the vibrant world he creates In the opening of chapter 3 of The Great Gatsby, Nick Carraway captures the essence of a Gatsby party, describing the music, the enchanting atmosphere, and the fleeting interactions of guests, likening them to moths drawn to light amidst the whispers, champagne, and stars.
In this study, the researcher examines the stylistic devices employed in "The Great Gatsby" to highlight their role in enhancing the narrative's success by authentically portraying characters and plots Unlike other studies on the novel, this research offers a comparative analysis of the stylistic devices found in both the original English text and the Vietnamese adaptation, "Gatsby Vi Dai" by Hoang Cuong.
This section outlines a framework for examining stylistic devices in English and Vietnamese through the lens of Structural Linguistics It details the research design focused on the use of stylistic devices in the novel "The Great Gatsby" in both languages The chapter is organized into five key sections: Research Design, Data Collection, Data Analysis, Reliability and Validity, and a Summary.
RESEARCH DESIGN
This thesis employs a blend of descriptive and comparative methods, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative approaches The descriptive method facilitates the identification of suitable samples featuring stylistic devices, while the comparative method aims to uncover the similarities and differences in the application of these stylistic features between English and Vietnamese versions.
Qualitative research offers an in-depth, interpretive analysis of participants and their environments (Annemi & Rose-Marie, 2014) This study utilized qualitative methods to identify the stylistic devices in a novel and their intended effects, while quantitative techniques were employed to measure the frequency of these devices in the data collected The research framework centered on figurative expressions, analyzing sentences that incorporate stylistic devices in both English (L2) and Vietnamese (L1) to explore their similarities and differences.
DATA COLLECTION
The Great Gatsby, a 1925 novel by American author F Scott Fitzgerald, is set in the fictional towns of West Egg and East Egg on Long Island during the summer of 1922 The narrative centers around the enigmatic millionaire Jay Gatsby and his obsessive love for the beautiful Daisy Buchanan While the story appears to focus on a romantic relationship, it explores broader themes, reflecting the complexities of the American Dream and societal dynamics of the era The events unfold within a few months, highlighting the characters' interactions within a confined geographical area in Long Island, New York.
The Great Gatsby serves as a symbolic exploration of 1920s America, highlighting the decline of the American dream amid great prosperity and materialism The story is narrated by Nick Carraway, the sole middle-class representative, who hails from an affluent Midwestern background Nick's unique position allows him to navigate both upper-class manners and the aspirations of the working class, leaving him both fascinated and repulsed by the complexities of life As the first-person narrator, Nick shapes the story through his perspective, enriched by flashbacks that reveal character histories and motivations His commentary, such as his reflections on Daisy's emotional response to her marriage and motherhood, underscores his role as a moral compass in the narrative Despite being a peripheral character, Nick's observations and insights influence the reader's understanding of the unfolding tragedy.
In the narrative, Nick Carraway serves as Fitzgerald's instrument to convey social commentary rather than merely narrating a tragic love story He does not empathize with Daisy's life, instead offering his personal perspective, which shapes the reader's view of other characters Through Nick, Fitzgerald highlights deeper societal issues, underscoring the significance of the first-person narrator in understanding his social critique, which extends beyond the seemingly secondary love story.
This study analyzes the stylistic devices in both the English and Vietnamese versions of "The Great Gatsby" by F Scott Fitzgerald, specifically the Vietnamese translation by Hoang Cuong By examining one hundred samples from both versions, the research highlights the frequency of various stylistic devices, providing insights into the characters' emotions and the author's unique writing style The English version of "The Great Gatsby" serves as the primary source for this analysis.
The following are typical examples using stylistic devices from the two languages in the novel.
PROCEDURE
This contrastive analysis consists of two main phases: a descriptive phase and a comparison phase Initially, samples were collected by examining sentences and dialogues that utilized various stylistic devices in the novel These devices were categorized into metaphor, simile, metonymy, hyperbole, personification, repetition, and parallelism, followed by identifying their frequencies The second phase focused on analyzing the use of these stylistic devices within the novel Finally, the contrastive phase presented an analysis of stylistic devices in both English and Vietnamese, emphasizing the key similarities and differences between the two languages.
DATA ANALYSIS
The stylistic devices can be found in narration of the character - storyteller
In "The Great Gatsby," Nick Carraway serves as both the narrator and a character, offering insights into the situations and thoughts of those around him The dialogue among characters reveals their personalities and inner conflicts, while the stylistic devices employed in their speech enhance the depth of their characterizations.
The analysis of stylistic devices in both versions is presented qualitatively through a descriptive approach, followed by a quantitative examination that displays the frequency of these devices in tables This comprehensive data analysis effectively addresses all research questions posed in the study.
• The features of the stylistic devices and their functions used in “The Great Gatsby”
• The stylistic devices used in “The Great Gatsby” translated into Vietnamese
RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY
In this study, every attempt to obtain the reliability and validity has been administered.
This study investigates the use of stylistic devices in "The Great Gatsby," a renowned novel by F Scott Fitzgerald, first published in 1925 Data comprising 200 sentences were meticulously collected from reliable sources, including the Vietnamese translation "Gatsby vĩ đại" by Hoang Cuong, published by Lien Viet Literature Publisher The aim is to demonstrate how stylistic devices contribute to the novel's success and convey critical societal themes of the era The research is grounded in established theoretical frameworks from experienced linguists, ensuring the reliability and consistency of the findings.
The validity of this study is supported by the selection of English and Vietnamese versions of The Great Gatsby from reputable sources, including the original 1925 edition by Charles Scribner's Sons and the Vietnamese translation by Hoang Cuong published by Lien Viet Literature Publisher There are three notable Vietnamese translations: Con Nguoi Hao Hoa by Mac Do (1985), Gatsby vĩ đại by Hoang Cuong (1985, republished in 2004), and Dai Gia Gatsby by Trinh Lu (2008) The researcher opted to compare the widely read Gatsby vĩ đại with the original text due to its popularity and critical acclaim The findings of this thesis are based on thorough analysis, evidence, statistics, and frequencies, confirming the validity of the research.
SUMMARY
This chapter outlines the research methodology, detailing the data collection methods, sampling techniques, and procedures involved It also discusses the analysis of data, emphasizing the importance of reliability and validity in the thesis.
3 This chapter shows in detail necessary preparations for further findings and discussion in chapter 4.
Chapter Four FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
Chapter 1 examines the use of stylistic devices in "The Great Gatsby," comparing evidence from English and Vietnamese corpora It analyzes the total number, frequency, and overall usage characteristics of these devices in both languages This chapter is organized into two distinct sections.
Section 4.1 presents the types and frequencies of stylistic devices found in both the English and Vietnamese versions of "The Great Gatsby." In Section 4.2, a comparative analysis highlights the similarities and differences in the use of these stylistic devices across the two languages.
Section 4.1 would deal with the research question 1) What are features and the functions of the stylistic devices used in “The Great Gatsby”
KINDS OF STYLISTIC DEVICES USED AND THEIR FREQUENCES IN
Simile
The analysis of 200 samples from The Great Gatsby reveals that similes account for 25% of the total, making them the most frequently used literary device The author employs similes to vividly portray characters and situations, enhancing the narrative's clarity and figurative language Defined as a figure of speech that compares two unlike things using "like" or "as," similes appeared fifty times in the selected samples This stylistic choice aids readers in grasping the main plot of the story, which might otherwise be challenging to understand.
(1) English: “I stared at it, like Kant at his church steeple, for half an hour”
(1) Vietnamese: Như Kant đã ngắm cái tháp chuông nhà thờ của mình, tôi ngắm mãi tòa nhà ấy trong nửa giờ đồng hồ [p.93]
Immanuel Kant, an influential 18th-century German philosopher known for his contemplative nature, serves as a metaphor for Nick's profound reflections while gazing at Gatsby's mansion As the narrator of "The Great Gatsby," Nick provides a unique perspective on the events of the story, allowing readers to experience the narrative entirely through his observations and insights.
In the novel, the intertwined thoughts and perceptions of the characters shape the narrative, with Nick Carraway serving as the essential link among them The four central characters include Nick, Tom Buchanan, Daisy Buchanan, and Jay Gatsby Nick and Tom share a college history, while Tom is married to Nick's cousin, Daisy Gatsby, who is Nick's neighbor, fell in love with Daisy during his army service Their lives are further complicated by a deception surrounding the death of Myrtle Wilson, Tom's mistress, leading Nick to investigate the truth behind the tragic accident.
Semantic translation aims to faithfully convey the original context and meaning while adhering to the grammatical structures of the target language This method preserves cultural nuances and maintains the integrity of the source language's grammatical and lexical norms For instance, the phrase “Like Kant at his church steeple” was translated as “Như Kant đã ngắm cái tháp chuông nhà thờ của mình,” where the choice of the word “ngắm” clarifies the philosopher's contemplative action for Vietnamese readers, ensuring comprehension.
As a bridesmaid, I entered the bride's room thirty minutes before the bridal dinner and discovered her on the bed, radiant in her floral dress yet heavily intoxicated She held a bottle of Sauterne in one hand and a letter in the other, embodying the carefree spirit of a June night.
(2) Vietnamese: Em vào phòng Daisy trước tiệc cưới nửa giờ, thấy nàng đang nằm dài trên gường đẹp như một đêm tháng Sáu trong chiếc áo dài hoa ” [p.75]
The simile "as lovely as" underscores Daisy's beauty, captivating all the military officers in Louisville, Kentucky Her heart belonged to Lieutenant Jay Gatsby, who was stationed nearby, but she ultimately married Tom after Gatsby went to war The night before her wedding, overwhelmed by emotions after receiving a letter from Gatsby, Daisy succumbed to despair and drank herself into numbness This use of simile not only emphasizes her beauty but also reflects her complex emotional state.
Before her wedding, Daisy felt uncertain about marrying Tom, as she did not love him The enchanting beauty of a June night in London, reminiscent of a poem by William Wordsworth, serves as a backdrop to her inner turmoil In June, the sun lingers in the sky, while stars begin to twinkle and birds chirp melodiously among the trees The gentle sounds of a distant breeze and flowing water create a serene atmosphere, highlighting the charm and beauty of Daisy in her youth.
Literal translation is used to describe Daisy's status before the wedding took place.
(3) English: Tom tapped his thick fingers together like a clergyman and leaned back in his chair [p 140]
(3) Vietnamese: Tom chum các ngón tay trùng trục vào nhau như một kẻ tu hành và ngả người vào trong ghế [p.140]
The use of simile throughout the story enhances readers' understanding of key events, particularly during the story's climax, which features an intense confrontation between Gatsby and Tom over Daisy at the Plaza Hotel This pivotal moment reveals Gatsby's manipulation of his past relationship with Daisy, leaving all characters, especially Tom, in a state of confusion.
The translators used semantic translation to create figurative language which helps the reader to understand different ways and facilitates their imagination.
In short, simile has the highest percentage of using in The Great Gatsby,which helps the author convey the plot and describe the characters lively and more attractively.
Personification
Personification, the second most common stylistic device in English and Vietnamese, accounts for 19% of usage and serves to enrich literary texts by attributing human characteristics to non-human entities This figurative language enhances character depth, as demonstrated by F Scott Fitzgerald in his novel The Great Gatsby, where he describes trees as 'friendly' and the Buchanans' home as 'cheerful.' Such personification not only conveys emotion but also emphasizes character traits, as seen in Tom Buchanan's 'arrogant' eyes that establish dominance, a human quality applied to a physical feature Additionally, Fitzgerald portrays Daisy Buchanan's beauty through personification, depicting sunlight as having 'romantic affection' and leaves her with 'lingering regret,' actions that non-living elements cannot perform.
(4) English: Gatsby's gorgeous car lurched up the rocky drive to my door and gave out a burst of melody from its three noted horn [p.63]
Chiếc xe lộng lẫy của Gatsby lăn bánh trên lối đi gồ ghề dẫn đến nhà tôi, phát ra âm thanh du dương từ cái còi ba nốt của nó.
Fitzgerald highlights Gatsby's unhappiness through a subtle comparison between his vibrant character and the striking appearance of his car When Gatsby arrives at Nick's home for lunch, Nick notes how "Gatsby's gorgeous car lurched up the rocky drive" and emitted a melodious sound from its horn This description underscores the car's stunning beauty, mirroring Gatsby's own immaculate and charismatic appearance The personification of Gatsby's car transforms it into a character that embodies Gatsby's own qualities: both are gorgeous and seemingly faithful, yet both conceal deeper layers of discontent.
Semantic translation enhances the text by incorporating figurative language, such as "gorgeous" and "melodious," into the translated sentences This approach allows readers to vividly visualize the stunning color of Gatsby's car while establishing a connection between the vehicle and its owner, Gatsby.
(5) English : Only wind in the trees which blew the wires and made the lights go off and on again as if the house had winked into the darkness [p.88]
Gió thổi xào xạc qua ngọn cây, làm cho các sợi dây điện rung lên, khiến ánh đèn lấp lóe như thể toàn bộ ngôi nhà đang nhấp nháy mắt trong bóng đêm.
In F Scott Fitzgerald's narrative, Nick employs vivid light imagery to depict Gatsby's mansion, where flickering lights symbolize Gatsby's desire to capture Daisy's attention The personification of the house as having "winked into the darkness" reflects Gatsby's longing and the contrast between his constructed persona and the authentic emotions he experiences while anticipating his reunion with Daisy.
That Gatsby celebrated wonderful parties or turned his house into a sparkling and famous place to all surrounding people attracted Daisy ‘s attention and provoked her curiosity.
This sentence used personification “winked - nháy mắt; blew - đu đưa” expressed the flickering lights very figuratively.
Semantic translation emphasizes aesthetic value while ensuring the grammatical meaning of the original text is conveyed clearly This approach is particularly evident in the descriptions of West Egg and Gatsby's mansion, providing a vivid overview of the story's backdrop.
From the vantage point of the Queensbury Bridge, the city reveals itself anew, embodying an endless promise of mystery and beauty that captivates the senses Each glimpse is akin to experiencing the city for the first time, showcasing its enchanting allure and the wonders it holds.
(6) Vietnamese: Người ta luôn cảm thấy như được trông thấy thành phố New
York lần đầu với lời hứa hẹn ngông cuồng đầu tiên của nó về tất cả những điều kì diệu và mỹ lệ trên thế giới [p.37]
As one approaches the city via the bridge, it appears vibrant and full of potential, capturing the essence of the American Dream through the eyes of a first-time visitor This initial perspective highlights the allure and promise of the city, representing the optimistic side of the American Dream However, this impression contrasts sharply with the reality of urban life, where corruption and challenges often overshadow the initial beauty The author employs personification to depict the city, emphasizing its enchanting yet enigmatic nature, inviting newcomers to explore its hidden depths.
New York The personification provokes the reader's curiosity to continue discovering whether the city is really beautiful or not.
Semantic translation effectively conveys the city's beauty through Nick's figurative perspective, allowing readers to vividly imagine and feel intrigued by the city he describes.
(7) English: The dead dream fought on as the afternoon slipped away, trying to touch what was no longer tangible, struggling unhappily, undespairingly, toward that lost voice across the room [p.142]
Duy vẫn cố gắng níu giữ giấc mơ đã tan vỡ khi buổi chiều dần trôi đi, mặc dù mọi thứ đã trở nên vô hình Anh nỗ lực hết mình để chạm tới âm thanh đã xa vắng trong căn phòng, không nản lòng trước sự khổ sở.
In Chapter 7, Gatsby confronts Tom, revealing his feelings for Daisy and his belief in her love for him Despite Daisy's refusal to admit she never loved Tom or to leave him, Gatsby clings to the hope that their love can be rekindled He acknowledges that his dream is a "dead dream," marking a pivotal moment in the story where it becomes evident that Daisy will never be with him.
In Gatsby's mind, his dream is vividly personified, highlighting his relentless pursuit of love for Daisy The phrases "trying to touch" and "struggling unhappily, undespairingly" convey Gatsby's unwavering determination to hold onto his ideal, illustrating the depth of his emotions and the significance of his dream.
The translators employed semantic translation to convey the text in Vietnamese, resulting in a version that is more intricate, focused, and detailed This approach prioritizes both the meaning and the structure of the original messages, ensuring a closer alignment with the intended content.
In summary, the author effectively employs personification in The Great Gatsby, accounting for 19% of the narrative, which brings to life the characters and their pursuit of wealth and fame, creating a vibrant depiction of their lifestyle.
Metaphor
Metaphors, constituting 16% of the text, serve as a powerful figure of speech that draws implicit comparisons between seemingly unrelated objects, highlighting their shared characteristics In "The Great Gatsby," the author employs metaphors to engage readers, enhance their imagination, and illustrate the contrasting personalities of the characters, ultimately reflecting the societal trends of the era.
In 'The Great Gatsby,' Fitzgerald employs powerful metaphors to reflect societal perceptions, interpersonal relationships, and emotional depth The iconic 'Green Light' symbolizes Gatsby's unattainable dreams and his yearning for a life with Daisy, representing hope and aspiration As Nick observes, despite the elusiveness of their desires, there remains a relentless pursuit for a better tomorrow This metaphor resonates universally, as we all chase our own 'green lights.' Additionally, Fitzgerald critiques the materialistic values of the era, highlighting their superficiality with the metaphor that true character cannot be built on mere possessions This underscores the emptiness of many individuals in that society, revealing the fragility of their identities.
In the novel, some specific examples are taken:
Jay Gatsby, hailing from West Egg, Long Island, was shaped by his idealized self-image, embodying a divine essence that compelled him to pursue a grand, yet superficial beauty He crafted an identity that reflected the dreams of a youthful imagination, remaining true to this self-invention throughout his life.
Jay Gatsby ở West Egg, Long Island, là sản phẩm của lý tưởng thuần túy mà anh tạo ra cho chính mình Anh tự xem mình như một đứa con của Chúa, với trách nhiệm phụng sự cái đẹp vĩ đại và hào nhoáng Chính vì vậy, Gatsby đã hình thành nên hình ảnh của mình, một hình mẫu mà một thiếu niên 17 tuổi có thể tưởng tượng, và anh đã trung thành với khái niệm này suốt cuộc đời.
Gatsby portrays himself as a “Son of God” which showed us that Gatsby knew he was having ambition to become part of the wealthy, rich status By being the
In the narrative, the character perceives himself as the "Son of God," envisioning a future of significance and prominence When he speaks of becoming "his father's business," he is not alluding to God or Gatsby's biological father, but rather to his father figure, Dan Cody By following Cody's example into the affluent realm, Gatsby encounters both the allure and the superficiality of wealth, which reflects the stark realities of the American Dream.
Gatsby, while seemingly faithful, skillfully manipulates his identity, transforming himself through a new name and immense wealth Fitzgerald suggests that despite this façade, Gatsby remains true to his core self, unable to fully change his genuine personality Ashamed of his origins, Gatsby reinvents himself to gain the respect of Cody, adopting a persona that he clings to even after their paths diverge.
The translator employed a literal translation method to accurately convey the original's contextual meaning while adhering to the target language's grammatical structures This approach preserved the grammatical and lexical forms of the source text, effectively illustrating Gatsby as a god-like figure—a concept idealized by Nick.
(9) English: ‘Her voice is full of money,' he said suddenly [p.128]
(9) Vietnamese: Giọng nàng chứa đầy tiền bạc [p 128]
In F Scott Fitzgerald's novel, the metaphor connecting "voice" and "money" highlights the dissonance between sound and material wealth Jay Gatsby, who is infatuated with Daisy Buchanan, equates her voice with money, symbolizing both allure and emptiness Daisy's voice resonates like the musical chime of coins, representing the glittering yet hollow promise of wealth Throughout the story, Gatsby's pursuit of Daisy reflects his desire to attain an idealized identity, using money to transform from James Gatz into the illustrious Jay Gatsby This powerful metaphor underscores the intertwining of love, class, and the superficiality of the American Dream.
Literal translation is employed to ensure precise and easily understandable translations for the target language audience This approach vividly conveys the thoughts of Nick and Gatsby, presenting their inner reflections in a direct and unembellished manner.
“full of money” and the translation version also helps readers to imagine the meanings of their thoughts.
Tom was clearly troubled by Daisy's independence, which led him to accompany her to Gatsby's party the following Saturday night His presence added an unusual heaviness to the evening, making it distinct from Gatsby's other summer gatherings While the familiar crowd, abundant champagne, and lively atmosphere were all present, an unsettling tension hung in the air that hadn't existed before Perhaps I had simply become accustomed to West Egg, seeing it as a self-contained world with its own norms and notable figures Now, viewing it through Daisy's perspective was disheartening, as it forced me to reevaluate what I had previously accepted.
Tom lo lắng khi thấy Daisy đi chơi một mình, vì vậy anh đã cùng cô đến buổi dạ hội tại nhà Gatsby vào tối thứ bảy Sự hiện diện của Tom dường như tạo ra một bầu không khí ngột ngạt khác biệt so với những buổi dạ hội trước đó ở nhà Gatsby Dù vẫn có những khách mời quen thuộc, sâm banh và sự náo nhiệt, nhưng không khí lại căng thẳng một cách lạ lùng Có thể do tôi đã quen với West Egg như một thế giới tự tại với những quy tắc riêng, giờ đây nhìn lại qua mắt Daisy, tôi không thể tránh khỏi cảm giác buồn bã khi nhận ra những gì mình đã đầu tư công sức vào.
The passage explores themes of isolation and blindness within the context of West Egg, portrayed as "a world within itself," highlighting society's detachment from the outside world Nick, initially free from judgment, begins as an outsider observing society but gradually adapts to its norms, risking his own perspective As he becomes more integrated into this society, he experiences a form of blindness, only recognizing what aligns with his desires This shift leads to his disillusionment when confronted with Daisy's more realistic view of their world While she expresses disgust at society's superficiality and isolation, Nick's acceptance of these flaws signifies his transformation and the loss of his initial clarity.
Faithful translation aims to convey the precise contextual meaning of the original text while adhering to the grammatical structures of the target language (Newmark, 1988, p.81) For instance, the sentence “now I was looking at it again, through Daisy's eyes” is translated into Vietnamese as “bây giờ tôi bỗng nhìn lại nó bằng con mắt của Daisy.” The addition of the word “bỗng” by the Vietnamese translator highlights Nick's sudden and peculiar realization of Gatsby's parties, emphasizing the contrast in his awareness before and after Daisy's arrival at the event.
(11) English :” ‘And Mr Thomas Buchanan, the athlete?' I inquired [ p.123]
(11) Vietnamese: Còn nhà lực sĩ Thomas Buchanan đâu? [p.123]
In the context of a conversation at Daisy's house, the metaphor "the athlete Thomas Buchanan" highlights Tom's strong and athletic nature Nick's description of Tom, Daisy's husband, emphasizes his powerful physique, akin to that of a star football player, portraying him as having a "cruel body."
He frequently hurts people and also bullies the people around him as his pastime.
In this example, semantic translation is demonstrated through the phrase “Mr Thomas Buchana, the athlete,” which is translated as “nhà lực sĩ Thomas Buchanan.” This approach not only conveys the accurate contextual meaning but also emphasizes the aesthetic value of the source language text.
Repetition
Repetition accounts for 14% of the text, significantly influencing character conversations and evoking emotional responses from readers In F Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, the sentence “The apartment was on the top floor—a small living-room, a small dining-room, a small bedroom, and a bath” exemplifies the use of anaphora, where words are repeated at the beginning of successive clauses This technique highlights the cramped nature of Tom Buchanan's secret apartment, symbolizing the triviality of his adulterous affair.
(12) English: ‘What day would suit you?'
‘What day would suit YOU?' [p.145]
(12) Vietnamese: Hôm nào tiện cho anh?
Hôm nào tiện cho anh? [p.140]
Gatsby enlists Nick Carraway, Daisy's cousin, to help arrange a meeting between him and Daisy Their genuine discussions about finding a suitable day highlight the strong bond of friendship between Nick and Gatsby Ultimately, Nick selects the perfect day for their long-awaited reunion.
Faithful translation is used in this conversation to convey the meaning and help the readers to recognize personalities of each character - Nick and Gatsby
(13) English: I can’t talk now I can’t talk now [100] I can’t talk now I can’t talk now [100]
(13) Vietnamese: Tôi không nói chuyện được bây giờ [p.98] Tôi không nói chuyện được bây giờ [p.98]
In a revealing exchange between Gatsby and Parke, the dialogue highlights Gatsby's priorities during a tour of his mansion with Daisy and Nick The repetition in Gatsby's conversation underscores a sense of urgency, suggesting he has more pressing matters to attend to than simply answering a phone call This moment encapsulates Gatsby's character and the significance he places on his ambitions in the small town.
The translator used literal translation to support the readers to understand what is in Gatsby mind, in both his thoughts and his feeling.
The graph reveals that hyperbole and parallelism each account for 13% of the stylistic devices used, enhancing the novel's emotional impact These techniques introduce multi-layered and figurative meanings, making it easier for readers to connect with the narrative at various stages.
Hyperbole
The speaker navigates constraints imposed by principles of effective communication while employing hyperbole as a strategic tool Hyperbolic expressions serve various discourse purposes, including conveying the speaker's attitude, emotional state, and feelings By using hyperbole, the speaker reinforces and intensifies their message, effectively modulating their objective reality or response to it Additionally, hyperbole is examined within the context of politeness, highlighting its role in enhancing communicative effectiveness.
In The Great Gatsby Novel, for example:
(14) English: Daisy: “I'm paralyzed with happiness ” [p.62]
(14) Vietnamese: Daisy: “Tôi tê liệt vì hạnh phúc” [p.60]
The term "paralyzed" conveys a negative and uncertain feeling, contrasting sharply with the positive connotation of "happiness." This juxtaposition highlights the hyperbolic nature of Daisy's thoughts Trapped in a loveless marriage, Daisy experiences a sense of paralysis, caught between the allure of material wealth and her yearning for emotional fulfillment While she relishes the comforts that her affluent lifestyle provides, a part of her longs for genuine happiness and connection.
This example used faithful translation to convey the meaning of English version to Vietnamese one.
(15) English: He dismissed all the dances he had given with a snap of his fingers [p.117]
(15) Vietnamese: Gatsby dẹp đi tất cả các buổi khiêu vũ mà anh đã tổ chức bằng một cái bật tay [p.117]
The phrase "a snap of his fingers" illustrates Gatsby's unwavering love for Daisy, symbolizing his belief that his current wealth and lavish lifestyle are merely steps toward achieving his ultimate dream of being with her His extravagant parties are designed to capture her attention, yet he realizes that Daisy is not truly engaged in the festivities, leading him to dismiss the celebrations This imagery highlights Gatsby's determination to win Daisy's affection, emphasizing both his opulence and his deep desire for her.
In this example of literal translation, Gatsby's actions highlight his disregard for wealth, symbolized by his snapping fingers at money, his mansion, and extravagant parties His singular desire for Daisy is profound and immeasurable, underscoring the depth of his obsession.
Parallelism
(16) English: Daisy admired this aspect or that of the feudal silhouette against the sky, admired the gardens [p.96]
Daisy ca ngợi vẻ đẹp ấn tượng của tòa kiến trúc đồ sộ, giống như một lâu đài của lãnh chúa, nổi bật giữa bầu trời Cô cũng tán dương sự quyến rũ của khu vườn xung quanh, tạo nên một khung cảnh tuyệt đẹp và lôi cuốn.
Daisy is captivated by the opulence surrounding her, suggesting that her desire for Gatsby's lifestyle may overshadow her feelings of love Meanwhile, her husband Tom is engaged in multiple affairs, and although Daisy is aware of his infidelity, she remains passive This dynamic raises questions about Daisy's true feelings for Gatsby, leaving readers to ponder whether her affection lies more with his wealth than with him as a person.
The use of the structure "admired something" in parallel form emphasizes her affection for material possessions, such as Gatsby's grand castle and beautiful gardens This parallelism enhances the narrative, effectively highlighting the characters' personalities and their relationships with wealth and opulence.
Semantic translation highlights the beauty of Gatsby's property while establishing the story's rhythm This approach is objective and neutral, focusing on natural translation without adding, omitting, or altering the original text It transforms the meaning and impact of the source language into the target language, while the translator carefully considers the aesthetic elements, striving to maintain the intended meanings.
(17) English: The largest of the banners and the largest of the lawns belonged to Daisy Fay's house [p.80]
(17) Vietnamese: Lá cờ to nhất trong hàng cờ ấy và bãi cỏ to nhất trong tất cả bãi cỏ ấy là của nhà Daisy Fay [p.80]
In the narrative, Jordan Baker highlights Daisy's opulent upbringing by emphasizing the superlative comparison of her childhood home, described as "the largest of " This detail illustrates that Daisy grew up in a wealthy family, making her the most popular girl of her time due to her lavish lifestyle, which included the biggest house, immense riches, and a desirability that set her apart from her peers.
Vietnamese translation version also used parallelism and the literal translation conveyed the speech of Jordan and emphasize the origin of Daisy's house or something else?
I was captivated by the presence of well-dressed young English men, who appeared slightly hungry and engaged in earnest conversations with solid, prosperous Americans.
(18) Vietnamese: Tôi đã ngay lập tức kinh ngạc thấy sao đông thanh niên
Trong bữa tiệc, mọi người đều ăn mặc lịch sự và có vẻ hơi đói, họ trò chuyện sôi nổi với những người Mỹ trông chắc nịch và thành đạt.
Gatsby's extravagant parties serve a dual purpose; they are designed to capture Daisy's attention while also attracting potential business opportunities Set in a wealthy neighborhood, these gatherings not only showcase his wealth but also act as a platform for Gatsby to entice unsuspecting guests into investing in his worthless bonds, effectively turning the crowd into his sales team.
The concept of parallelism, highlighted by the phrase "all ", underscores the uniformity in appearance and gestures, reflecting the widespread allure of achieving overnight success in an inflationary environment This trend contrasts sharply with the traditional, gradual approach to wealth accumulation through hard work, showcasing its popularity in contemporary society.
Semantic translation was used to describe the English men through the narrative utterance of Nick This translation method creates the natural and smoother shade in Nick's narration.
It is noted that some stylistic devices are mixed in the same sentences (simile
- metaphor; repetition - personification; etc.), which creates the smooth and flexible method to express the meanings and the coherent story.
The Middle West, once perceived as a warm and central hub, now felt like the distant fringe of the universe, prompting my decision to head East and explore the bond business.
Miền Trung Tây không còn là trung tâm ấm áp của thế giới mà giờ đây tôi cảm nhận nó như một riềm rách nát của vũ trụ Do đó, tôi quyết định đến New York để học nghề giao dịch chứng khoán.
In the opening chapter of the novel, a stark contrast is presented between East and West Egg, highlighting the cultural divide of Long Island East Egg represents the fashionable, affluent society, while West Egg is characterized by its less fashionable atmosphere, home to the newly wealthy.
In this sentence, the use of the simile with the word "ragged" evokes a sense of age and neglect, typically associated with torn clothing Fitzgerald skillfully employs this term to paint a vivid picture of the West, highlighting it as a place marked by poverty and hardship.
The next section would deal with the similarities and the differences of stylistic devices used in two Vietnamese and English versions of The Great Gatsby