RATIONALE
Cognitive linguistics is a contemporary trend in language studies that significantly impacts our understanding of language Central to this field is the concept of cognitive metaphor, which refers to understanding one conceptual domain through another According to Lakoff, a conceptual domain encompasses any coherent organization of human experience This approach highlights how cognitive processes shape not only our communication but also our thoughts and actions Cognitive linguistics underscores the vital role of cognition in language, viewing it as an essential phenomenon that intertwines language and thought By examining how language serves various functions, cognitive linguistics reveals the intricate relationship between language systems and human cognition.
Cognitive expressions are prevalent in literature, daily life, and music, highlighting the significance of these forms of art Music, in particular, stands out as one of humanity's greatest creations, embodying creativity in its purest form.
Music plays an essential role in our daily lives, serving as a powerful medium for expressing emotions and providing an escape from stress It offers relief during painful moments, helps us find calm, and can evoke feelings of joy Ultimately, music enriches our minds and touches our hearts, supported by a substantial body of research on its impact.
The concept of "heaven" is prevalent in both English and Vietnamese songs, yet its cognitive expressions have not been thoroughly explored According to the Cambridge Dictionary, "heaven" refers to the abode of God or gods, where virtuous individuals are thought to ascend after death to experience ultimate happiness.
The concept of "heaven" in English and Vietnamese songs often intrigues and confuses listeners, leading to potential misunderstandings in everyday communication This phenomenon highlights the varied interpretations of "heaven" in music and its impact on how ideas are conveyed in daily life.
(1.1) I‟m on the wrong side of heaven and the righteous side of hell
I‟m on the wrong side of heaven and the righteous side of hell [184] (1.2) he came from an island
He experienced immense pain, akin to a soul breaking, before passing away on the street Despite the suffering, there is a hopeful call to greet heaven and a desire to enter its open doors.
I think I‟m finally tired of living, let me in I‟m gonna walk in the glory and tell everyone my story [287] (1.4) Những sớm mai lửa đạn
Những máu xương chập chùng Xin cho một người vừa nằm xuống Thấy bóng thiên đường cuối trời thênh thang [45]
This study, titled “An Investigation of Cognitive Expressions Containing 'Heaven' in English and Vietnamese Songs,” aims to explore the use of the term in both languages The research seeks to assist Vietnamese learners of English in applying appraisal theory to enhance their teaching, learning, and translation skills, while also contributing to the advancement of cognitive linguistics.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
Aims
This research explores the cognitive expressions of the metaphor "heaven" in English and Vietnamese songs, focusing on its representation through the lens of cognitive linguistics It aims to identify both the similarities and differences in metaphorical expressions involving "heaven" across the two languages Additionally, the study investigates the influence of culture on these cognitive metaphorical expressions, shedding light on how cultural contexts shape the understanding of "heaven" in English and Vietnamese music.
Objectives
To achieve the aims at:
- Identifying cognitive expressions containing “heaven” in English and Vietnamese songs
- Finding out the similarities and differences of the image of cognitive expressions containing “heaven” in English and Vietnamese songs in the cognitive view.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
To achieve the research aims and objectives mentioned above, this study tries to answer the following questions:
1 How do the cognitive expressions containing “heaven” relate to the image of “heaven” in English and Vietnamese songs?
2 What are the similarities and differences of cognitive expressions containing “heaven” in English and Vietnamese songs?
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study focuses on the cognitive expressions that include the term "heaven" in both English and Vietnamese songs, examining their similarities and differences Due to time constraints, the research will be limited to these specific expressions.
“heaven” in these two languages.
ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
The study consists of five chapters as follows:
Chapter 1, titled "Introductions," outlines the rationale, aims, objectives, and significance of the study This section also presents the research questions, defines the scope, and details the organization of the study.
Chapter 2, Literature review and Theoretical background, provides us with fundamental knowledge of cognitive expression Theoretical matters related to the study such as definition of cognitive linguistics
Chapter 3 focuses on the research design and methodology, outlining the methods and procedures employed in the study It provides a detailed description of the sample selection process and elaborates on how the data is collected, described, and analyzed.
Chapter 4, titled "Finding and Discussion," primarily analyzes and discusses metaphorical expressions related to the concept of "heaven" in both Vietnamese and English songs It highlights the similarities and differences in the conceptual metaphors of "heaven" within these musical contexts Additionally, the chapter explores the cultural influences on the portrayal of "heaven" in both languages.
Chapter 5, Conclusions and Implications, summarizes the results and suggests implications for learning, teaching and translating conceptual metaphors of
“heaven” in Vietnamese and English songs
Chapter Two LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETIAL BACKGROUND
This chapter includes two sections: Literature review and theoretical background.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Numerous researchers have explored cognitive linguistics and metaphor, with a particular focus on conceptual metaphor (CM) The foundational work on CM was significantly advanced by Lakoff and Johnson in their influential 1980 study.
In "Metaphors We Live By," the authors present a cognitive linguistic perspective on metaphor, highlighting five key features that reshape our understanding of metaphorical language This approach offers valuable insights into linguistic phenomena like polysemy and the evolution of meaning, while also illuminating the processes through which metaphorical meanings develop.
Another interesting book by George Lakoff (1992) about metaphor is “The
In his 1992 book, Lakoff emphasized that the principles underlying poetic metaphors are rooted in thought rather than language These metaphors represent general mappings that connect different conceptual domains, highlighting the cognitive processes that shape our understanding of metaphorical expressions.
From Lakoff and Tuner‟s point of view (1989) in the book “More Than Cool
Reason” and “The Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor”, they had analyzed some specific concepts in language as love, life, death and time
Besides, Kovecses (2000) is known as a remarkable name among the research investigating CM with his authoritative books Metaphor in Culture: University and
Variation and Metaphor: A Practical Introduction
Additionally, a metaphorical book names “A Practical Introduction, Second
Edition”, was written by Kovecses (2010) In this book, Metaphor from the cognitive perspectives were discussed in the theoretical background from the works of Lakoff
"The Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought" by Raymond Gibbs (2008) is a definitive collection of essays on metaphor, offering an in-depth exploration of the metaphorical concepts articulated by Lakoff and Johnson This comprehensive work also references Gibbs' earlier publication, "The Poetics of Mind" (1994), and presents substantial psychological evidence that reinforces the cognitive linguistic perspective on metaphor.
Generally, these linguists provide us with an overall picture of theoretical background for investigating language in use
Cognitive linguistics in Vietnamese, despite its relatively recent emergence of just over a decade, has significantly contributed to the field Notable research includes Phan Thế Hƣng's 2007 work, "Ẩn dụ Ý niệm," which explores conceptual metaphors, and Trần Văn's contributions, highlighting the evolving landscape of cognitive linguistic studies in Vietnam.
Cơ (2009) “Khảo luận Ẩn dụ Tri nhân”
Phan Thế Hƣng (2007) makes a general review on the theory of conceptual metaphors by Lakoff and Johson in his article “Ẩn Dụ Ý Niệm”
In “Ngôn Ngữ Học Tri Nhận- Từ Lí Thuyết Đại Cương Đến Thực Tiễn Tiếng
In his 2005 work, "Việt," Lý Toàn Thắng introduces cognitive linguistics, highlighting the distinctions in worldviews and examining anthropocentric principles He discusses key concepts such as the figure-ground relationship, cognitive maps, and various elements of the cognitive metaphor system.
In the book "Khảo luận Ẩn dụ Tri nhận," Trần Văn Cơ (2009) presents a Vietnamese translation of Lakoff and Johnson's "Metaphor We Live By," exploring their significant insights on cognitive metaphor theory This work delves into the core concepts proposed by Lakoff and Johnson, highlighting the profound impact of metaphors on human understanding and communication.
Research in cognitive metaphor has been advanced by several linguists, including Nguyễn Thị Việt (2015), who provided an overview of Lakoff and Johnson's cognitive metaphor theory in her article on the concept of "Homeland" in the songs of Trịnh Công Sơn and Bob Dylan Additionally, Trần Thị Thảo Miên (2015) explored the nuances of meaning in English translations of cognitive metaphors related to the notion of "self" in Trịnh Công Sơn’s works.
Ngân (2014) also conducted “A study on cognitive metaphors denoting the concept of “life” in lyric songs in English versus Vietnamese” and Nguyễn Thị Hồng Mến
(2014) did a research “A study on cognitive metaphors denoting the concept of
“war” and “peace” in anti-war song in English and Vietnamese" Although
Vietnamese cognitive linguistics investigate CM later, they have contributed many significant researches to the development of cognitive linguistics
However, to the best of my knowledge, we have not been any studies that conducted on cognitive expressions containing “heaven” in English and Vietnamese songs in the cognitive view.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
The definition of heaven and paradise
From Oxford Advanced Learner‟s dictionary (1884) “heaven” is a noun having both singular and plural form Morphologically, it has one root morpheme
“heaven” In terms of semantics, “heaven” is specific and frequently used “heaven” is a polysemantic word, having at least eighth senses
Heaven, a proper noun, is described in various religions as the dwelling place of God and the angels, serving as a realm where individuals communicate with the divine It is believed to be the destination for good souls after death, characterized by eternal happiness Often envisioned as a lofty paradise in the sky, heaven represents a state of blissful existence.
For example 1: I believed that when I died I would go to heaven and see God For example 2: When I come to heaven, shall I be able to say to any there, Lord!
For example 3: the kingdom of heaven
(1.6) Nếu một ngày có thiên đàng xuất hiện
Thì con đây là người đứng chót [57] For example 4: I feel like I've died and gone to heaven
Her voice felt distant, almost heavenly The term "heaven" can be used as both a countable and uncountable noun, representing a place or situation that brings immense joy and happiness.
For example 6: We went touring in Wales and Ireland It was heaven
For example 7: I was in cinematic heaven
For example 8: This isn't exactly my idea of heaven!
For example 9: It was heaven being away from the office for a week
Third, it is usually plural noun, the heavens are the sky, firmament, or space surrounding the earth, as in:
For example 10: Four tall trees stretched up to the heavens
For example 11: He walked out into the middle of the road, looking up at the heavens
(1.5) Mẹ Maria, mẹ là Nữ vương thiên đàng
Mẹ Maria có trái tim hiền mẫu
Mẹ là mẹ chúng ta [49]
In various mythologies, the fourth tense refers to a paradise, such as Elysium or Valhalla, where individuals favored by the gods are brought to live in eternal happiness after death.
For example 13: She had created a little heaven from a sooty expanse between four ugly chimneys
The fifth tense for describing "heaven" can be singular or plural and is sometimes capitalized to refer to God or the gods It is often used in exclamatory phrases that express surprise or exasperation.
For example 14: for heaven's sake
Heaven is often perceived as a divine realm, as highlighted in God For Example 16: "Heaven help you!" According to Cổ Việt (2008), it represents a fantasy world inhabited by souls free from error The journey through life, despite its fiery challenges, can transform our existence into a paradise.
The 1963 Vietnamese Dictionary defines "thiên đường" as a realm where souls, having cleansed their sins, experience eternal bliss after death Additionally, in various religious beliefs, it symbolizes an imagined world of happiness, contrasting with the concept of hell.
For example 18: Go to the heaven
Firts, it is also uncountable nound, a perfect place where people are said to go when they die
For example 20: The ancient Egyptians saw paradise as an idealized version of their own
Second, it is countable, a place that is extremely beautiful and that seems perfect, like heaven
Third, it is a perfect place for a particular activity or kind of person
For example 22: The area is a birdwatcher's paradise
The Fourth, it is a state of perfect happiness
For example 23: Being alone is his idea of paradise
They moved to the country hoping to find paradise
The lost paradise of childhood
The finally, it is the Garden of Eden, where Adam and Eve lived
For example 24: See also bird of paradise
In various religions, heaven is often viewed as a paradise, representing a state of extreme happiness achieved through union with God While heaven is primarily a spiritual concept that transcends human imagination, paradise typically refers to an ideal earthly existence devoid of suffering Both terms can be used metaphorically, with heaven having a broader application, such as in the phrase "chocolate ice cream is heaven." This article explores the synonymous relationship between paradise and heaven.
Table 1.1 Summary of Definition of Heaven
Noun English meangings Vietnamese Meanings
1 The abode of God and the angels, the place or a state of communications with god where God lives after death
2 where good people go when they die
3 a place or situation that you like very much
4 The heavens are the sky, firmament, or space surrounding the earth a place, such as Elysium or Valhalla, to which those who have died in the gods' favour are brought to do well in happiness 5.God or the gods, used in exclamatory phrases of surprise, exasperation the powers of heaven
2 Những điều con người mong muốn đƣợc ví nhƣ thiên đường
4 Chúa nơi những người tốt đi khi họ chết
5 Một địa điểm hoặc tình huống mà bạn rất hạnh phúc
7 một nơi, chẳng hạn nhƣ nơi những người đã chết trong sự ƣu ái của các vị thần đƣợc đƣa đến để sống trong hạnh phúc
8 Thần hoặc các vị thần, đƣợc sử dụng trong các cụm từ cảm thán về sự ngạc nhiên , bực tức
Metaphor
The study of metaphor has a rich history, dating back to scholars such as Aristotle and extending to modern theorists like Richards (1936) In his seminal work, "Poetics," Aristotle defines metaphor as the transfer of a name from one context to another, which can occur between different categories or through analogy.
Richards in his book The Philosophy of Rhetoric Proposes Interaction Theory
In 1936, it was argued that the essence of metaphor lies in the interaction between metaphorical expressions and their contextual usage Scholars of that era viewed metaphor primarily as a rhetorical device, a means of transferring meaning from one word to another to enhance the expressiveness of language, suggesting that only skilled writers can effectively wield this tool Additionally, metaphors were often perceived as a linguistic characteristic, focused solely on words rather than encompassing thought or action, leading many to believe that they could function well without them.
Studies of metaphor have taken on an absolutely new look ever since 1980s, evidenced by Metaphors We Live by collaborated by Lakoff and Mark Johnson
In 1980, researchers discovered that metaphor plays a crucial role in our daily lives, influencing not only our language but also our thoughts and actions They emphasized that our ordinary conceptual framework is inherently metaphorical, challenging traditional assumptions about how we understand and engage with the world.
- All everyday conventional language is literal, and none is metaphorical
- All subject matter can be comprehended literally, without metaphor
- Only literal language can be contingently true or false
- All definitions given in the lexicon of a language are literal, or metaphorical
- The concepts used in the grammar of a language are tall literal, not are metaphorical
Cognitive linguistics (CL), as defined by Lakoff (1987), is a branch of linguistics that interprets language through the concepts that shape its forms, which can be universal or specific to a particular language While closely related to semantics, CL differs from psycholinguistics, which relies on empirical findings from cognitive psychology to elucidate the mental processes involved in acquiring, storing, producing, and understanding speech and writing.
Cognitive metaphor is intricately linked to cognitive linguistics, which serves as the foundation for its various forms This connection is why cognitive theory is utilized to analyze cognitive expressions featuring "heaven" in both English and Vietnamese songs.
Cognitive metaphor (CM), as defined by cognitive linguistics, involves understanding one conceptual domain through the lens of another Lakoff highlights the connection between cognitive metaphor and contemporary political discourse, indicating that prominent linguists and theorists may often apply their insights into cognitive metaphor to engage in political activism.
Cognitive metaphors are integral to our daily language and influence our thoughts and actions In their seminal work, "Metaphors We Live By" (1980), George Lakoff and Mark Johnson illustrate how our everyday communication is permeated with often unnoticed metaphors The core principle of conceptual metaphor theory posits that metaphor functions at the cognitive level, connecting two distinct conceptual domains.
“source” domain and the “target” domain The source domain consists of a set literal entities, attributes, processes and relationships, linked semantically and apparently stored in the mind
These are expressed in language through related words and expressions, which can be seen as organized in groups resembling those sometimes described as
In linguistics, "lexical sets" or "lexical fields" refer to the organization of words based on shared meanings The "target" domain is often abstract and derives its structure from the source domain through metaphorical connections, known as conceptual metaphors Consequently, target domains are thought to exhibit relationships among entities, attributes, and processes that reflect those present in the source domain.
Classification of cognitive metaphors
To explain clearly, cognitive, or conceptual metaphors can be classified according to the cognitive functions that they perform According to Kovecses,
(2002) there are three kinds of cognitive metaphors which are structural metaphors, ontological metaphors, and orientation metaphors:
The source domain offers a robust knowledge framework for understanding the target concept in metaphors, such as the representation of time through motion and space This "time is motion" metaphor allows us to conceptualize time in relation to physical objects, their positions, and their movements.
To understand time effectively, it is essential to recognize that the present moment coincides with a canonical observer's location This foundational aspect, along with the primary elements, leads to specific mappings that enhance our comprehension of temporal dynamics.
The passing of time is motion
Future times are in front of the observer; past times are behind the observer One thing is moving, the other is stationary; the stationary thing is the deictic center
The metaphor of "time is motion" plays a significant role in English linguistic expressions, offering insights into the meanings behind various phrases and establishing a foundational structure for our understanding of time Without this metaphor, our conceptualization of time would be challenging to grasp.
According to Kovecses (2002), ontological metaphors offer less cognitive structuring for target concepts compared to structural metaphors We tend to understand our experiences as objects, substances, and containers without precisely identifying the specific type The primary cognitive role of ontological metaphors is to assign a new ontological status to general categories of abstract concepts, effectively creating new abstract entities For instance, while the nature of the mind remains unclear, we often conceptualize it as an object.
By this way we can understand more about it In this sense, we can have some expressions such as:
My mind just isn‟t operating today
We‟re still trying to grind out the solution to this equation
We can easily find out the metaphor THE MIND IS A MACHINE in the above sentences thanks to our experience of physical objects
There are some source and target domains for this kind of CM as follow:
Physical object nonphysical or abstract entitles (e.g , the mind)
Events (e.g , going to the race) Actions (e.g , giving someone a call)
Substance activities (e.g , a lot of running in the game)
Container undelineated physical objects (e.g , a clearing in the forest)
Physical and nonphysical surfaces (e.g , land areas, the visual field)
We can conceive personification as a form of ontological metaphor In personification, human qualities are given to nonhuman entities
Orientational metaphors, as noted by Kovecses (2002), offer a less structured conceptual framework for target concepts compared to ontological metaphors Their primary cognitive function is to create coherence among a set of target concepts within our conceptual system.
Orientational metaphors are rooted in fundamental human spatial orientations, including concepts like up and down, as well as center and periphery These metaphors play a crucial role in shaping our understanding and communication.
In this kind of metaphor, target concepts are conceptualized in a uniform manner For example, all the following concepts are characterized by “upward” orientation, while their “opposites” receive a “downward” orientation
MORE IS UP; LESS IS DOWN:
Keep your vice down, please
HEALTHY IS UP; SICK IS DOWN:
Lazarus rose fro the dead
CONCSCIOU IS UP; UNCONSCIOUS IS DOWN:
I‟m on top of the situation
He is under my control
HAPPY IS UP; SAD IS DOWN:
He‟s really low these days
VIRTUE IS UP; LACK OF VIRTUE IS DOWN:
She is an upstanding citizen
That was a low-down thing to do
RATIONAL IS UP; NORATIONAL IS DOWN:
The discussion fell to an emotional level
He couldn‟t rise above his emotions
As can be seen from the above examples, upward orientation tends to go together with positive evaluation, while downward orientation with negative one.
Metaphor mappings
Cognitive linguistics posits that metaphors are not merely linguistic expressions but rather reflections of language and thought A metaphor consists of a mapping between two conceptual domains, comprising a three-part structure that includes a source scheme, a target scheme, and a bridge that outlines the detailed mapping between them This highlights the essential roles of conceptual domains within the framework of conceptual metaphors.
The source domain serves as the foundational framework that shapes the target domain in conceptual metaphors For instance, in the metaphor "Love is a journey," the journey represents the source domain, providing terms and concepts that structure the understanding of love Source domains are crucial in conceptual metaphors and can be categorized into three main types: human beings (including body parts and notable figures), the natural world (such as animals and plants), and social events (like politics and revolutions).
The human body serves as an ideal source domain for metaphorical understanding due to its clear delineation and familiarity While not all aspects of the body are utilized in metaphors, key components such as the head, face, legs, hands, heart, bones, and shoulders are particularly significant in conveying abstract concepts.
+ Heath and illness: Both the general properties of heath, illness and particular illnesses frequenctly constitute metaphorical source domains Some exmpaes include: a healthy society, a sick mind, she hurts my feelings
Animals serve as a highly productive source domain for understanding human behavior and characteristics People are often described using animal traits, leading to expressions such as "a true tiger," "a sly fox," or "a loyal dog." This metaphorical language highlights the connection between human qualities and the animal kingdom, enriching our communication and understanding of human nature.
When we metaphorically explore the concept of plants, we can identify different parts and stages of their growth, reflecting the various actions we take in relation to them.
Building and construction are fundamental human activities that involve creating houses and various structures for shelter, work, and storage The physical aspects of these buildings, along with the process of constructing them, often serve as powerful metaphors in language and culture.
Machines and tools play a crucial role in our daily lives, enabling us to work, engage in leisure activities, and even participate in conflicts These instruments not only facilitate various tasks but also inspire metaphorical expressions, such as "she produces a book every year," highlighting their significance in both practical and creative endeavors.
+ Games and sport: People play and t they invent elaborate activity to entartian themselves Gmaes and sport are characterized by ceryain properties that are commonly used for metaphorical purposes
Economic transactions involve multiple entities and actions, including a commodity and money, where the exchange is characterized by the transfer of goods for payment This fundamental scenario shapes our understanding of various abstract concepts, such as the importance of spending time wisely and conserving energy.
Cooking has been an integral part of human existence since the dawn of civilization, serving not only as a practical activity but also as a fundamental aspect of our cultural identity The processes involved in cooking and the resulting dishes are deeply rooted in our history, highlighting the significance of food in our daily lives and social interactions.
Heat and cold are fundamental human experiences that we frequently use metaphorically to express our feelings towards people and situations For instance, phrases like "in the heat of passion," "a cold reception," "an icy stare," and "a warm welcome" illustrate how temperature-related terms can convey our emotional attitudes and reactions.
+Light and Darkness: Light and darkness are salio human experiences The properties of light and darkness often appears as weather conditions when spea we speak and think metaphorically
Forces in the physical world come in various types, including gravitational, magnetic, electric, and mechanical Each type of force manifests in unique ways, resulting in a wide array of effects that illustrate the diverse nature of these fundamental interactions.
Movement, whether self-propelled or not, is a fundamental experience that can signify a change in location or remain stationary Various types of changes are often metaphorically understood as movement, illustrating the concept of shifting positions or states.
The conceptual domain of TD helps us understand complex ideas, such as the metaphor of love as a journey In this context, love serves as the target domain, drawing its structure from the schemas associated with journeys.
There are some common source for source doamninn as follow:
+ Emotion: This is a superior target domain Emotion concepts sre primarily understood by means of conceptual metaphors For example: she was deeply moved
+ Desire: in regard tp metaphorical conceptualization, desire is mililar to emotion It is also comprehendended as force as in the following inllustrations:
They‟re burning to go
+ Human relatiionships: Human realtionships are metaphorically viewed as plants, machines, building and so on as shown in the expressions:
Their love is in full flower
Time is often perceived as a moving object, as reflected in common expressions like "Christmas is coming up soon." This metaphor highlights our understanding of time as something that progresses and approaches us, shaping our perception of upcoming events.
Life and death are commonly metaphorized in everyday language and literature, where life is often seen as a journey towards a destination Birth is perceived as an arrival, while death is viewed as a departure.
The baby will arrive soon
Summary
After examining theories on metaphor and cognitive metaphor types, we can conclude that cognitive linguistics views metaphor as a mapping between conceptual domains, emphasizing thought rather than mere language, contrasting with traditional views that see metaphor as a simple word substitution Additionally, Lakoff identifies three types of conceptual metaphors: structural, ontological, and orientation metaphors His research on metaphor mappings also offers valuable mapping principles and image schemas that enhance our understanding of metaphorical language.
Chapter three will outline the essential methods and procedures necessary to achieve the research's aims and objectives.
RESEARCH DESIGN
This study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods to explore cognitive expressions of "heaven" through their semantic features The qualitative approach facilitates a detailed description and analysis of the data, while the quantitative method assesses the occurrence, percentage, and frequency of various cognitive expressions found in Vietnamese and English songs.
RESEARCH METHODS
To achieve the goal of this study, it is impossible to use a single method, but several methods are simultaneously employed
- Descriptive method: it is used to give a detailed description of cognitive expressions in songs
- Inductive method: By means of induction, the researcher can synthesize the findings and draw out the generalizations and conclusions from the findings.
DATA COLLECTION
Research Procedure
This study analyzes cognitive expressions related to "heaven" in both English and Vietnamese songs It aims to investigate and present data on how "heaven" is expressed cognitively in these two languages Additionally, the research highlights the similarities and differences in cognitive expressions of "heaven" across the two cultures, providing valuable insights into their linguistic nuances.
“heaven” in song lyrics in English versus Vietnamese will be examined.
DATA ANALYSIS
On the basis of the collected English and Vietnamese songs were collected The cognitive expressions in English and Vietnamese songs will be analyzed in terms of these following aspects:
-The cognitive expression containing “heaven” in English and Vietnamese songs in form of expressive mapping
- The similarities and differences of cognitive expressions containing
“heaven” in English and Vietnamese songs in the cognitive view.
RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY
The data for this study on Vietnamese and English songs was sourced from reputable electronic platforms in both countries, ensuring authenticity and reliability The research is grounded in established theoretical frameworks from credible publications by experienced linguists, as detailed in Chapter Two The findings contribute valuable insights into cognitive expressions and have practical implications for English language learning and teaching, highlighting their significance in both theoretical and practical contexts.
COGNITIVE EXPRESSIONS CONTAINING “HEAVEN” IN ENGLISH
FIRE IS HEAVEN
The phrase "Fire is heaven" is found in both Vietnamese and English songs, where "heaven" is metaphorically represented as fire Traditionally, fire symbolizes war, but in this context, it refers to the flames of hell, where wrongdoers are punished for their sins Imagery of burning people, fields, and forests serves as a powerful representation of this concept of "Heaven."
Images of fire evoke feelings of fear, stress, and anxiety, as it poses a significant threat to life and the environment Fire symbolizes the duality of existence; its early flickers can represent the sins of one's life, while its destructive force signifies the end of life A poignant metaphor encapsulating this idea is "Heaven is fire," illustrating the complex relationship between fire and our understanding of life and mortality.
(4.1) I‟m burning down every bridge we made
I‟ll watch you choke on the hearts you break I‟m bleeding out every word you said
Go o hell for heaven‟s sake [215] The table below shows clearly the CMs containing Heaven is a fire
Table 4.1 CEs expressing Heaven is fire
The early state of fire The death
LOVE IS HEAVEN
"Love is Heaven" signifies that the essence of love enriches our existence, making it more vibrant and meaningful Love transcends life and death, serving as the foundation of creation and the essence of our being Heaven represents an ideal realm filled with love, music, and the finest experiences This metaphor highlights the profound connection between love and the concept of a perfect paradise.
(4.2) Cause your sex takes me to paradise
The song conveys a sense of ecstasy and fulfillment in love, suggesting that the experience of intimacy feels like a journey to paradise It highlights the profound pleasure and satisfaction—both spiritual and physical—that comes from a deep connection, expressing a longing that has been felt for too long.
(4.3) I wanna be the one who you believe
In your heart, there exists a belief that love transcends even in absence, as you are truly a gift from heaven Heaven symbolizes a realm where love reigns supreme, filled with the most beautiful expressions of affection.
(4.4) An angel whispered to me when I woke this morning
That I would find heaven by my side And there were you angel, heaven in the morning Playing in my arms and in my life [180]
(4.5) If you love right, heaven belongs to you
Oh oh, heaven belongs to you
If you sing right, heaven belongs to you
Oh oh, heaven belongs to you
If you act right, heaven belongs to you [197]
(4.6) When you're lying in my open arms
Do you ever think forever?
Get a glimpse of what I am dreaming of Gold on heart will live forever
Ever seen heaven through me Heaven through me [185] (4.7) I gotta find my way back
Back to summer paradise Sean Paul, Simple Plan
My heart is sinking as I'm lifting
Up above the clouds away from you And I can't believe I'm leaving
Oh I don't kno-kno-know what I'm gonna do [233]
(4.8) Pretty Nova, one year over
In the flower of sweet youth our Days of heaven were spent
(4.9) Đường nào vào thiên đàng ái ân
Là đường vào nhịp thở lân lân
Mùa Xuân đang đi trong lời yêu mới
Có hoa vàng phủ đường mòn gót chân mềm [11]
(4.10) Rủi anh chết luôn thì sao, thì sao?
Em ơi em bàn rất đúng nhất trên đời chỉ là tình yêu
Ta yêu nhau nhiều đến thế có thiên đường nào hơn mái tranh
Thôi ta thức dậy đi nhé giấc mơ đào tiên chỉ là mơ [69]
(4.11) Nếu có một lần chuyến đò chờ người qua đây
Thôi đừng hận sầu chi nữa
Kỷ niệm tựa giòng sông trôi
Thiên đường nào đã xa rồi
Tình nào còn nhớ khi em vội tin vào lời dối lừa, để giờ đây thiên đường đã tan vỡ Đừng tiếc nuối nữa, em ơi, khi đã xa cách anh và em Em yêu anh với niềm kiêu hãnh, nhưng giờ chỉ còn lại những kỷ niệm.
Thiên đường xanh mướt gió trong lành
Cuốn vào đời anh là em bất tận
Love is a universal emotion experienced by all living beings, providing profound meaning to life It illuminates and warms our existence, making it clear that no one can truly thrive without love, even in the afterlife.
The table below shows clearly the CEs containing Love is heaven
Table 4.2 CEs expressing Love is heaven
Thiên đàng xanh mướt (green heaven)
Thiên đường Tan vỡ (broken heaven)
Thiên đàng nào hơn mái tranh (heaven is better than thatched roof)
Thiên đàng ái ân (heaven's favor)
Summer love Love belong to you Green love Broken love Heaven is better than thatched roof
Love‟s favor Love has its own couple
Thiên đường có riêng đôi mình (heaven has its own couple)
Thiên đường của chúng ta (our heaven)
Broken in love Our love
GLORY IS HEAVEN
The next CE characterizing the conceptualization in songs is “Glory is heaven” Happiness brings the real meaning for life, and warms our life brightly
Happiness is essential for a fulfilling life, often likened to the bliss of heaven This metaphor, "Glory is heaven," emphasizes the profound connection between joy and a heavenly existence, illustrating how moments of glory can elevate our human experience to celestial heights.
(4.14) No need to imagine cause I know it's true
They say "All good boys go to heaven"
But bad boys bring Heaven to you It's automatic, it's just what they do They say "All good boys go to heaven"
But bad boys bring Heaven to you [116]
In this song, “heaven” appears in the third and sixth line means happiness in love
If I see eleven You can say it's seven Still I wish you heaven [208] (4.16) This shit be like Friday nights
This shit make me feel alive
I feel like we in paradise, paradise [230]
(4.17) I believe any dream that i want to
Keeping hope alive can take many forms, and if I bring my visions to life, it will be a wonderful surprise Each day is an adventure in paradise, intricately woven through the fabric of time, much like a love that shines as beautifully as the full moon.
Nhƣ muôn ánh sao trên bầu trời Làm hồn anh lâng lâng tựa như tan vào sương khói Nguyện yêu chỉ riêng mình em
Và bên em mãi mãi không xa rời Mình cùng tay trong tay đi đến nơi thiên đường [89]
(4.19) Cuộc đời luôn giăng tay đón bước em về
Về bên anh đi em anh vẫn mong chờ
Dù rằng khó khăn nhƣng mà em hỡi
Về đây ta có nhau thiên đường [7]
(4.20) Ƭìm đến những giấc mơ thiên đường
Xɑ nhɑu lên cách lòng những dấu уêu đɑm mê đã không còn, và tình yêu đƣa ta tìm đến Thực tế, thiên đường không có thật khi xƣɑ chúng tɑ quá mơ mộng Giờ đây, chỉ còn lại những giọt nước mắt, và người уêu đã không còn bên cạnh Tại sao lại nói lời chia tɑу nặng nề như thế?
Giấc mơ thiên đường chỉ có hai ta, nơi tình yêu đắm say hòa quyện với những giai điệu thanh bình Mãi mãi bên nhau, tình yêu sẽ không bao giờ phai nhạt.
…Giấc mơ thiên đường có riêng đôi mình Đắm say ân tình hòa khúc ca thanh bình [21]
(4.22) Từ trong gió mƣa, mơ bóng ai quay về
Giá lạnh Giấc mơ thiên đường mong manh
Còn trông mong chi cơn mơ phù du
Theo gió bay bay xa thật xa [15]
(4.23) I can see paradise by the dashboard light
Though it's cold and lonely in the deep dark night
Paradise by the dashboard light [231]
(4.24) Muôn trái tim khi mở ra với tinh yêu thiết tha
Nhƣ ấm lên trong lời ca thiên đường đã không quá xa
Cuộc đời ta lúc nở hoa, khi là đêm tối tăm
Nhiều em thơ không mẹ cha, không tình thương mái nhà [15]
I can see you standing in the sun Every night I dream about a man who takes my place Tells me to go up, up into the highest mountain
In the dream I wait, among the lonely ancient beings Till I hear that voice, telling me to come to paradise [235]
(4.26) Khi giấc mơ đã quay trở về
Em vẫn không tin rằng có ngày em
Sẽ đón anh nơi cuối đường
Em nhớ không khi xƣa ta gặp nhau Chính c ng nơi đây ta ngồi mơ
Về giấc mơ nơi thiên đường
Nhưng tiếc thay, những mộng mơ chỉ mãi là mộng mơ, không bao giờ có thiên đường Trong lòng anh cảm thấy như vậy, nhưng em lại không nghĩ như thế.
Anh tự vẽ nên thiên đường
Giờ ta chia ly tiếc nuối chi khi tất cả chỉ là điều tất yếu thôi mà
Dường như đó là tình yêu mà anh hằng mơ ước, nhưng thực tế chỉ là một giấc mơ đơn độc trong thế giới của riêng mình Khi không còn ai phải sống dở dang, cuộc sống sẽ trở nên hân hoan hơn.
Thiên đàng không xa, là vòng tay êm ấm khi đôi môi gặp nhau Em thơ ngây đã tin lời dối lừa, khiến thiên đường tan vỡ Đừng tiếc nuối khi đã biệt ly, em hỡi.
Table 4.3 CMs expressing Heaven is glory
Adventures in paradise Adventures to be happy
Go to heaven Go to happiness
It‟s paradise when I‟m with you It‟s happy when I‟m with you
Paradise is waiting Happiness is waiting
Wish you heaven Wish you to be happy
SKY IS HEAVEN
According to the Oxford Dictionary, the sky refers to the expanse above the Earth visible when one looks up, where clouds, the sun, moon, and stars are found It serves as a metaphorical representation of "heaven," evoking images of a vast space filled with clouds and stars This article explores various examples that emphasize the sky's metaphorical significance.
(4.30) I gotta make up for what I've done
Cause I was all up in a piece of heaven While you burned in hell, no peace forever [130]
In the song, "Heaven" symbolizes the sky, representing the deep love between two individuals Despite their affection, they are haunted by the fear of losing one another, leading to a tragic decision where they end each other's lives Ultimately, their love transcends death, culminating in a union that is celebrated even in the afterlife.
(4.31) I want to go to heaven for the weather
But hell for the company
I want to go to heaven for the weather But hell seems like fun to me [223]
(4.32) Don't wake up Miss Christina 'cause she and I don't see eye to eye
Something 'bout some money, some night we spent together, oh my Well heaven knows I'm lonely, heaven knows I'm lonely now Yeah heaven knows I'm lonely, [203] (4.33) He came from an island
And he died from the street And he hurt so bad like a soul breaking But he never said nothing to me
So say hello to heaven, heaven, heaven [174]
The term "sky" is synonymous with heaven, representing the atmosphere where natural phenomena occur, such as wind, bird flight, cloud formation, and lightning This metaphor illustrates that the dynamics of the sky mirror the concept of heaven.
(4.34) They all find their way automatically
But in this handmade heaven, I come alive Bluebirds forever colour the sky
In this handmade heaven, we forget the time Cause birds of a feather fly together [186] (4.35) You see my future
The metaphor of "heaven as the sky" is clearly understood in English, prompting an exploration of its representation in Vietnamese songs, particularly among contemporary young musicians.
(4.36) Đôi ta trai tài gái sắc nhất trên đời đã từng mộng mơ
Rong chơi ta vào thế giới tới thiên đường làm tiên c ng ngẩn ngơ Tiên biết không tiên
Anh đây có tài hái trái nhất trái đào của thời Tề Thiên [36] (4.37) Ngày xƣa ấy bay giờ chỉ còn mãi trong giấc mơ
Gió nơi thiên đường và cánh hoa trắng ngần sẽ mang đến tình yêu trong sáng Đã đến lúc chúng ta phải đối mặt với khoảng cách giữa hai phương trời Trong giấc mơ, anh hình dung em như một nàng tiên.
Bay cùng anh trên khắp thiên đường Nhƣng mà chỉ là điều ƣớc
Ngọt ngào và ấm êm [128] (4.39) Mƣa ƣớt đôi vai anh rồi, mƣa ƣớt luôn đôi mắt em
Anh muốn bên anh bây giờ là vòng tay ấm êm bên cạnh anh Mỗi khi anh cần em, thiên đường có mưa không em [28]
(4.40) Vì Jêsus chính là con đường
Ngài đã đến cho nhân loại thấy Thiên Nhan Để đƣợc đến với cha Thiên Đàng
Và đƣợc sống trong ân tình chúa cao sang
Mà trần gian mãi không thể ban [55]
(4.41) Nhƣng đâu hay tình duyên tan vỡ Để giờ đây thiên đường vắng em
Cho sao rơi ngàn hoa c ng khóc vì em [5] The table below shows clearly the CEs containing Glory is heaven
Table 4.4 CEs expressing Heaven is the sky
Go to heaven Go to the sky
Fairy in heaven Fairy in the sky
Wind in heaven Wind in the sky
GOD IS HEAVEN
According to the Oxford Dictionary, God is defined as a being or spirit believed to possess power over nature or embody specific qualities Heaven, often referred to as paradise, represents an ideal place filled with the best things Those who continue to do good deeds even in the face of loss are most likely to attain heaven The aspirations of many individuals, along with their dreams of heaven, highlight its unique significance This article explores the metaphor "God is heaven" through various examples.
(4.42) I got a light I gotta go, forensics search for follicle
I promise y'all I'm not a ghost, I promise y'all Look, there's heaven all around me
There's heaven all around me [194] (4.43) Your presence is heaven to me
Your presence is like heaven to me, God, as nothing compares to the joy and peace it brings In fact, your presence embodies all the best things in life Without you, we are lost, highlighting the profound goodness you bring into our lives.
(4 44) Heaven, heaven, heaven is now
Let your spirit bring it down
I got eternal life livin' inside me
I wanna bring heaven everywhere I go [182]
(4 45) I'm on the wrong side of heaven and the righteous side of hell
I'm on the wrong side of heaven and the righteous side of hell The wrong side of heaven and the righteous side
(4 46) Heaven help the child who never had a home,
Heaven help the girl who walks the streets alone Heaven help the roses if the bombs begin to fall, Heaven help us all [189]
(4 47) Let your kingdom come here
Let your will be done here…
Show the ones you love King of Heaven, come down [191]
(4.48) Yelling at my mother like, "I know you hear me"
Get a little closer, repeat, bus driver pass me up, don't see me Paramedics talk about what he need, he need his oxygen They say I'm incompetent, I see the consequence
I assure you I'm not a ghost; I promise Heaven surrounds us, representing a realm believed to be God's home, free from pain, tears, and conflict Vietnamese composers have also created songs that express the sentiment that "God is heaven."
(4.49) Trời đông giường rơm an thân Chúa tôi, Ánh sao thiên đàng chói soi Nơi Chúa nhi hài hạ sanh [122] (4.50) Cho đáng phúc Thiên đàng
Từ nay con thực tâm theo Chúa luôn lánh chước quỉ ma [123] The table below shows clearly the CEs containing God’s home is Heaven
Table 4.5 CEs expressing Heaven is God‟s home
Windown of heaven Windown of god‟s house
God helps me god let us down
DREAM IS HEAVEN
The conceptualization of "heaven" in the songs of many Vietnamese musicians, as well as in the works of Petter Lord and Ronnie James Dio, often embodies the metaphor of "Dream is heaven," representing the aspiration for happiness This metaphor highlights the deep connection between dreams and the pursuit of joy, illustrating how music serves as a pathway to envision a blissful existence.
(4.51) Và em nơi đâu mang đến giấc mơ thiên đường
Lời tình yêu khao khát trao về nhau Tình đến nhƣ một giấc mơ êm ái ngọt ngào Tình đến thật rồi đâu là những giấc chiêm bao [32]
(4.52) Have you ever been to heaven at night
Closing your eyes the feeling so right
At first you might see this one bright beam of light Clutching your soul to the toll of the blight
Happy unites and feelings take flight Blind to the evils you give them no sight [195] (4.53) You're Hungry for Heaven
Hungry for Heaven Hungry for Heaven But you need a little hell [198]
In this case, heaven occurs with meaning as the dream "Hungry heaven" like
"need a dream to give a leg up
(4.54) Đợi chờ cơn mơ mang anh đến bên em
Thiên đường kia không còn lạc mất nhau… [41]
(4.55) Find heaven yourself and god
My baby loves me I‟m laying in some heaven need a little company, yeah It‟s twenty four seven, time to get some geto heaven Time to get some geto heaven
(4.56) Chỉ muốn kiếm tìm em
Giữa chốn thiên đường anh ôm em vào long
Mãi dạo bước và rồi anh đã đánh mất bóng em
Kiếm mãi kiếm em nơi này [43] (4.57) Về treo trăng không
Về trong Thiên Đường Nơi Ta [44] The table below shows clearly the CEs containing Heaven is dream
Table 4.6 CEs expressing Heaven is dream
Heaven Heaven is people‟s dream
Dream Dream to the heaven which is the most beautiful place after death
FREEDOM IS HEAVEN
“Freedom is heaven” is a common phenomenon in both English and Vietnamese songs Here are some example that focus on the metaphor “Freedom is heaven”
(4.58) Cause I'm upset and you're outside
And we're both stuck in our paradise You're weightless hoping, I'm out just smoking We're stuck inside paradise motion
(4.59) No borders and no lines
She said that it's your duty to save your soul
To save it for someone Moment in paradise [241]
Heaven is a place where people are free to do what they like, which has only been in dreams
(4.60) But they won't know how
It‟s us against the world
In this song, Paradise is the place in which people live with happiness and freedoom
(4.61) This shit make me feel alive
I feel like we in paradise, paradise [230]
In this song, Paradise is a psychological state of happiness, comfort, freedom
(4.62) Heaven can't take it no
Heaven can't take it no more Heaven can't take it no more, no more, no more, no more
Violence is driven by the pursuit of money and power, with claims of seeking peace failing to end ongoing conflicts In a world where everyone is culpable, the cycle of war continues unabated, regardless of the weapons used.
Where did you hide your wings?
Her love shines over my horizon, she's a slice of heaven Warm moonlight over my horizon, she's a slice of heaven, [206] (4.64) Hãy lắng nghe phút giây tình yêu đang đến
Người là chiêm bao hay là lẽ sống cuộc đời Để hôm nay ta biết thiên đường mà ta khao khát là nơi đâu [87]
In Nhật Ngân‟s song, freedom is the thing that people hope to have in war The composer leaves to find peace for his homeland
The table below shows clearly the CEs containing Freedom is heaven
Table 4.7 CEs expressing Freedom is heaven
Heaven is free Thiên đường mà ta khát khao (heaven we crave)
Chasing freedom Freedom is in heaven Freedom we crave
PEACE IS HEAVEN
If the whole world lived in peace, there would be no fight, no armed conflict
Living in peace can be likened to experiencing heaven, as peace is the ultimate gift for everyone This metaphor highlights the profound value of tranquility in our lives, illustrating how a peaceful existence can elevate our overall well-being and happiness.
(4.65) It's getting dark, too dark to see
Feels like I'm knockin' on heaven's door Knock-knock-knockin' on heaven's door [171] (4.66) Open up the doors of heaven, let me in
Feeling exhausted with life, I seek solace and hope for a brighter future I aim to share my journey and experiences with the world I yearn for spiritual enlightenment and a chance to embrace a heavenly existence I’d rather face death than live in despair, trusting that divine judgment will prevail over wrongdoing.
I wonder if heaven got a ghetto [177]
Heaven is an ideal place to live without war, without poverty, without racial discrimination
(4.68) Bờ môi dường thầm hỏi
Có thiên đường hay không?
Em thơ ơi chiều nay trường học lại
Trong sân chơi bạn và thầy im lời [81]
(4.69) Ta dìu nhau đến chốn thiên đàng
Có em đây và anh say đắm
Và tình yêu nhƣ mộng đep thiên thu Ngàn đời không phai mờ [65] The table below shows clearly the CEs containing Peace is heaven
Table 4.8 CEs expressing Heaven is Peace is heaven
Heaven is peaceful Peace is being in heaven
DEATH IS HEAVEN
Death is commonly understood as the end of an organism's life functions, yet its definition varies across religious and philosophical beliefs While individuals may appear similar in life, upon death, the soul departs from the body, revealing the true nature of one's consciousness, whether good or evil Despite these distinctions, a universal desire persists among people to attain a heavenly afterlife This article explores the metaphor of "Death is heaven," highlighting the contrasting perceptions of mortality and the afterlife.
(4.70) Người thành phố, trong một ngày, đã nhắc tên
Những sớm mai, lửa đạn Những máu xương chập chùng
Xin cho một người vừa nằm xuống
Thấy bóng thiên đường cuối trời thênh thang! [45] (4.71) I gotta make it to heaven, for going through hell
Gotta make it to heaven I hope I make it to heaven [178]
“Heaven” occurs in this song with meaning as the place believed to be the home of people where they go when they die
(4.72) Heaven is closer now today
The sound is in my ears
I can't believe the things you say They echo what I fear [296] (4.73) Paradise a burn
Where everywhere we turn We'll make a fire turn up [195]
(4.74) I gotta make up for what I've done
Cause I was all up in a piece of heaven While you burned in hell, no peace forever [173]
In the song, "Heaven" symbolizes death, portraying a love story between two individuals who fear their relationship may end In a tragic turn, they resort to killing one another, ultimately finding eternal union in death through marriage.
(4.75) Chiều buồn về quắt quay ngày tháng xoay mòn giấc mơ
Vàng khua hiu hắt trên cung đàn đã chùng nhịp đời phôi pha
Em thấy bóng thiên đường vừa khuất khi tàn cơn mê Nhịp trùng dương xót xa theo đợt sóng dồn dập gọi tên ai
Em dõi bóng thiên đường vừa xa [29] The table below shows clearly the CEs containing Death is heaven
Table 4.9 CEs expressing Death is heaven
Bóng thiên đương (shadow of heaven)
Died , fell, buried, burn Shadow of someone
WINDOW IS HEAVEN
The next cognitive metaphor the characterizing the conceptualization of
“Heaven” in Phạm Duy and Ngọc Chánh‟s song is a structural metaphor This can be seen through the following example
(4.76) Biết vui biết buồn, ôm mối tương tư
Ngày nào cánh thiên đường Đã mở hé tình yêu là cánh táo thơm [22] The table below shows the CEs containing Window is heaven
Table 4.10 CEs expressing window is heaven
Mở thiên đàng ( open heaven) window Open window
ROAD IS HEAVEN
The terms "đi," "bậc thang," "walks," "không lối," and "đi ngữa" all serve as modifiers for "heaven," symbolizing a journey or path This metaphor emphasizes the concept of "Road is heaven," illustrating how the journey itself can be seen as a divine or transcendent experience.
(4.77) I can't deny the perfect kind
And we'll always be bound to be lost
(4.78) A midnight ride with you might cure it all
Let's go to heaven in my car
I wanna drive you there tonight [244] (4.79) Sau đêm nay em đã xa anh rồi
Bỏ lại anh một căn phòng nhỏ vắng
Vắng em nhƣ thiên đường không lối
Em yêu, em đang ở đâu? Anh nhớ những khoảnh khắc được ôm em trong vòng tay ấm áp khi chúng ta hẹn thề bên nhau Thiên đường hạnh phúc có bao nhiêu bậc thang để chúng ta cùng nhau bước lên?
Vì sao em nỡ dối gian để cho anh cứ phải bước đi tìm hoài [21]
(4.81) Một ngày gió, từng cơn sóng xao động
Cùng nhau múa hát ca vang trời cho ngày mới lên
Có những lúc anh mơ đi giữa thiên đàng Từng chiếc hôn yêu hiện rất nồng nàn [144]
The table below shows clearly the CMs containing Heaven is road
Table 4.11 CMs expressing Heaven is road
Heaven Đi giữa thiên đường
Happy heaven (thiên đường hạnh phúc)
Thiên đường không lối (heaven without a path)
Road Đi giữa con đường Happy road (Con đường hạnh phúc)
MEMORY IS HEAVEN
Heaven is often interpreted as a representation of memory, as demonstrated by various Vietnamese composers who utilize imagery related to nostalgia Words like "xưa," "hoài mong," "thu tháng chín," and "chim khuất ngàn" effectively convey the metaphor of longing and reminiscence.
Here are some examples that focus on the metaphor “Memory is heaven”
(4.82) Bay đến nơi khi xƣa ta luôn mơ mộng
Là nơi thiên đương xƣa dôi ta yêu nhau Bây giờ anh đã mất em ho ohh hô ơ [34] (4.83) Tiếng chim hót giao mùa
Em làm sao quên đƣợc
Cả thiên đàng ngày xƣa Bây giờ thu tháng chín [60] (4.84) Mà sao em vẫn cứ mãi say mê, nhƣ thiêu thân quên câu ƣớc thề
Thiên đường ngày xƣa mộng mơ chỉ còn một ngôi sao lẻ loi
Ngôi sao em đã đổi ngôi, say ánh trăng non bay mất rồi
Thiên đường thần tiên ngày xƣa giờ chỉ
Chúng ta sẽ luôn chờ đợi nhau trong tình yêu, mặc dù cuộc đời đã khép lại một cách vội vàng Tình yêu của chúng ta như những cánh rong mang nỗi đau, và giờ đây, nó đã lấp lối dẫn đến thiên đàng, như những cánh chim lặng lẽ bay xa.
LOVER IS HEAVEN
Love adds profound meaning to our lives, as demonstrated by various Vietnamese composers who skillfully evoke memory through evocative phrases Words like "nằm bên," "xa xôi," "ta," "knows," "tên," and "mùi chăn gối" illustrate the deep metaphorical connections associated with love and reminiscence.
“Lover is heaven”.Here are some examples that focus on the metaphor “Lover is heaven”
(4.86) Để đôi khi trong đêm giấc mơ hiện về
Nàng đẹp tự nhƣ ánh trăng thiên đường xa xôi Thì c ng phải giấu lỗi đau vào lòng
Thôi hãy đi đi ta chia tay xa rồi [34]
(4.87) Maybe my love will come back some day
And maybe our hearts will find their way [261]
(4.88) Hỡi ánh sáng cớ sao vụt tan cho lứa đôi chia lìa
Sao đành chia xa để mình tôi vấn vương thiên đường nhớ Nhớ những lúc bên em về đêm trong giấc mơ êm đềm
Ta ngồi bên nhau nguyện cầu đôi ta sẽ sánh vai nhau trọn đời [25]
(4.89) Mời cỏ lá mơ màng
Mƣa ƣớt em cho hoa hồng khoe sắc Nhƣ thiên nhiên nằm bên thiên đường Nhƣ Thu sang mùa vàng thay áo [72] (4.90) Quen mùi chăn gối
Nhƣng chẳng nhớ tên Trên đống bỏ hoang mà lầm thiên đàng [66]
PLANT IS HEAVEN
The CE heaven is plant appears repeatedly in Nguyen Cuong‟s song In this
In the context of CE, "Heaven" is metaphorically represented as a plant, encompassing elements like trees, leaves, flowers, and land that are integral to daily life This concept expands to include various natural features such as rivers, hills, and mountains, each contributing to a deeper understanding of heaven The metaphor "Plant is plant" serves to illustrate the interconnectedness of these elements in conveying new meanings and ideas associated with the notion of heaven.
(4.91) Tiếng anh nói dịu dàng thế
Nhƣ là suối ngàn Nhƣ sợi nắng vàng
Thiên đàng ngân nga lời yêu
Xin đừng làm xao động cỏ cây [64]
(4.92) Cùng đứng trên cao đỉnh Phan xi păng Ở chốn thiên đường đó đất trời đã nhƣ để dành
Là dành cho ta giữa đại ngàn ấy Dẫn ta đi vào thần tiên……
Tìm đến đỉnh cao vùng hoa thiên đường hoang vu
Trời đất đã nhƣ dành là dành cho ta giữa đại ngàn ấy [85] The table below shows clearly the CEs containing Plant is heaven
Table 4.12 CEs expressing Plant is heaven
Heaven Trees, flowers, hill, moutains, land,
HOMELAND IS HEAVEN
In Nhật Ngân's song, heaven is portrayed as a homeland, a theme that resonates with the works of Trinh Công Sơn This metaphor of "Hometown is heaven" emphasizes the deep emotional connection to one's roots and the idyllic nature of home Through various examples, the songs illustrate how the concept of homeland transcends mere geography, embodying a sense of peace and belonging.
(4.93) Tôi ra đi tiếng hát đầy vơi
Tôi ra đi lòng mang tủi hận
Thiên đường ơi xin trả lại người
Quê hương ơi thôi đành xa nhé Nước mắt rơi rơi đỏ thiên đường [87]
LIFE IS HEAVEN
The concept of "heaven" as a metaphor for life is prevalent in both Vietnamese and English songs, illustrating a shared cultural sentiment Vietnamese composers often evoke imagery of memory through terms like "đã qua" and "cõi," effectively conveying the idea that "Heaven is memory." This highlights the deeper connection between life experiences and the notion of paradise, emphasizing the metaphorical relationship between life and heaven.
All the love you wasted loving me, wish I'd opened up my eyes to see it
So cruel all the seeds of love we planted but I took it all for granted like Heaven to a fool [265] (4.95) You're some kind of heaven
That is all that I need I found it in you
I found it in you You're some kind of heaven [293]
(4.96) Thời gian đã qua anh rất hạnh phúc bên người
Cảm ơn thiên thần tình yêu sƣỡi ấm tim anh để yêu em
Thiên đường buồn thật buồn nếu vắng em [40]
(4.97) Cơn giông tố nhỏ nhoi rồi sẽ phai tàn
Xin bao dung để tình yêu mãi chứa chan Cõi thiên đàng sẽ hoang tàn nếu vắng em Ngàn trăng sao nhớ em đêm đêm [117]
HELL IS HEAVEN
Hell is a supernatural realm referenced across various civilizations and religions, serving as the final destination for souls after death In contrast to Heaven, most belief systems depict Hell as a place of confinement and punishment for those who have sinned.
Upon death, while the body may perish, the soul is thought to ascend to heaven, descend to hell, or reincarnate based on one's moral choices during life Interestingly, both English and Vietnamese songs often portray heaven as a metaphor for hell, illustrating a complex interpretation of these concepts.
(4.99) Would you know my name
If I saw you in heaven?
Would it be the same
If I saw you in heaven?
I must be strong and carry on Cause I know I don't belong here in heaven [165]
"Tears in Heaven," composed by Eric Clapton and Will Jennings for the 1991 film Rush, was profoundly influenced by Clapton's grief over the loss of his son, Conor.
(4.100) Chaos rampant an age of distrust
On and on south of heaven [272]
(4.101) You're on a hotline to heaven
Now you're all alone Riding on a hotline to heaven
(4.102) Nàng héo hắt đến nơi thiên đàng
Nàng đi qua hƣ vô và trong cô đơn
Về bên yêu thương nơi cõi long [121] (4.103) Hãy đừng thắp hương chốn thiên đường biết em lo sợ
Hãy đừng khóc than em đang muốn quên giờ thiên [113]
AN IDEAL PLACE IS HEAVEN
An ideal place to live is a paradise filled with love, music, and beauty, creating a perfect environment for happiness and joy This enchanting setting fosters deep connections with loved ones and allows individuals to immerse themselves in blissful experiences.
(4.105) If you love right, heaven belongs to you
Oh oh, heaven belongs to you
If you sing right, heaven belongs to you
Oh oh, heaven belongs to you
If you act right, heaven belongs to you [197]
(4.106) And if by chance i give birth to my visions
Life is so fantastic it will come as no surprise
Cause everyday is adventures in paradise Woven well through the fabrics of time [251] (4.107) I'd be dead than a po' nigga
Let the Lord Judge the criminals If I die
I wonder if heaven got a ghetto [177] Heaven in Larry‟s song is an ideal place to live without war, poverty andracial discrimination
(4.108) Bay lao xao trong ngàn hoa
Lữ khách đứng thẫn thờ ngắm
Cuộc đời vui tươi như nơi thiên đàng [140]
