RATIONALE OF THE RESEARCH
In the era of Industry Revolution 4.0, the extensive application of information technology (IT) across various sectors has significantly transformed social dynamics, especially in education and training management UNESCO emphasizes that IT will fundamentally and comprehensively reshape education in the 21st century, promoting a highly integrated and systematic approach.
Many Vietnamese non-public universities have adopted online school management software and e-classroom solutions, establishing digital resources like e-libraries and electronic textbooks With a strategy focused on education, these institutions are investing in information and documentation centers to enhance research and the application of modern technology in teaching and management Additionally, they are streamlining the management of faculty, finances, and facilities The integration of IT in administrative activities is essential for meeting the evolving demands of higher education, serving as an effective tool to bolster internal resources and promote modernization within educational institutions.
Thereby, I chose the topic "Application of information technology in management at non-public universities" as a doctoral thesis, majoring in
OBJECTIVES AND ACHIVEMENTS OF THE RESEARCH
Objectives of the research
This thesis systematically addresses both theoretical and practical aspects of IT applications in university management, focusing on the evaluation of current practices in Vietnamese non-public universities over recent years.
Achivements of the research
Research and systematize theoretical and practical issues on IT application in management at non-public universities.
SUBJECTS AND SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH
Subjects of the research
The application of IT in management at non-public universities inVietnam.
Scope of the research
This research focuses specifically on the use of IT applications in non-public universities in Vietnam, excluding foreign non-public institutions operating within the country, and covers the period from 2010 to the present.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Experience synthesis
STRUCTURE OF THE RESEARCH
FOREIGN RESEARCH PROJECTS
Since the 1990s, developed countries have explored the application of information technology (IT) in university management, recognizing its potential as an effective tool for both teaching and educational administration As a result, extensive research and implementation of IT have been undertaken in regions such as Europe, North America, and parts of Asia, including Korea, China, Japan, Indonesia, and India.
DOMESTIC RESEARCH PROJECTS
The globalization of the 1990s marked a significant shift from an industrial society to a knowledge society, where information is essential The advancement and integration of information technology (IT) today signal a transformative era, driving profound social changes across various socio-economic sectors In Vietnam, the emergence of IT occurred early, aligning closely with its global introduction.
In Vietnam, the IT industry has achieved a comprehensive development of synchronized infrastructure and facilities across various sectors, including post and telecommunications, multimedia communication, and the internet.
OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH PROJECTS RELATED TO THE TOPIC
1.3.1 Overview of research projects related to the topic
In the era of Industry 4.0, the rapid advancement of information technology is significantly transforming education and training, especially in institutional management However, there remains a lack of comprehensive research projects that offer solid scientific evidence and theoretical foundations to support this development in both theory and practice.
1.3.2 The arising issues for this thesis
This thesis aims to propose, analyze, and clarify effective IT management measures for non-public universities in the context of Industry Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0) It focuses on targeting the right subjects and training objectives to ensure high practicality and feasibility By enhancing management efficiency, this approach enables management officers to quickly and accurately collect and process information, ultimately improving training quality to meet real-world demands.
FUNDAMENTAL DEFINITION
2.1.1 Non-public higher education institutions
Higher education institutions within the national education system encompass a variety of entities, including colleges, universities, academies, regional universities, national universities, and scientific research institutes authorized to offer doctoral training These institutions are classified into two categories: public and private.
2.1.2 Information technology and Management at the universities
In our country, according to the Dictionary of Informatics andInformation Technology: “Information technology is the study or use of electronic equipment, especially computers and televisions, communication
6 and video systems to process, transmit and receive information” [135, p.674].
According to Government Resolution No 49/CP, issued on August 4, 1993, information technology is defined as a combination of modern scientific methods, tools, and techniques, primarily focusing on computers and telecommunications This framework aims to effectively organize, exploit, and utilize the abundant information resources available across various fields of human and social activities.
Management plays a vital role in social life, directly influencing the existence and growth of society As one of the most essential forms of labor, its significance increases with social development, resulting in a broader scope, content, and complexity Consequently, management professionals must continuously enhance their skills and adapt to the unique demands of each specific field.
THE CONTENTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION
IT application in management is the use of IT in management of human activities in order to improve the overall quality and efficiency.
2.2.2 The contents of information technology application at non-public universities
2.2.2.1 Application of information technology in training management at non-public universities
* Application of IT in the contruction of the training plans
* Application of IT in the organization and operation of the training process
* Application of IT in the direction of the innovative training contents, methods and organization
2.2.2.2 Application of information technology in the management of staff, lecturers and students
The application of IT in student management enhances the organization of student records and enrollment data, automates dynamic class planning and coding, and facilitates the tracking of information for both boarding and day students It effectively manages family relations, ID photos, and details regarding priority individuals, policy beneficiaries, and social welfare recipients Additionally, it oversees reward and discipline information, monitors students who postpone or drop out, and manages scientific research activities while controlling student statistics.
2.2.2.3 Application of information technology in the management of facilities, equipment and financial resources
Management of assets, facility systems, teaching equipment: Application of
Effective IT management is essential for overseeing and updating information related to an institution's fixed assets, including lecture halls, libraries, dormitories, laboratories, and practice workshops This involves comprehensive monitoring and storage of data regarding facility systems, user interactions, and current usage status, ensuring that all asset-related information is accurately maintained and accessible.
2.2.2.4 Application of information technology in the management of training results
Effective management of training results involves overseeing students' achievements in knowledge, personality, and capacity following each lesson, subject, curriculum, and course The integration of information technology in this process is crucial, as it enables management personnel to accurately monitor and evaluate student learning quality from a quantitative perspective This data-driven approach allows for timely and appropriate adjustments to be made for enhanced educational outcomes.
8 stage, each step of the training process, ensuring a better conformity and efficiency.
THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
The integration of information technology in educational institutions, especially non-public universities, involves various stages and facets across multiple sectors, including finance, science and technology, and education This complex process necessitates the collaboration of several governmental bodies, such as the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Information and Communications, and the Ministry of Education and Training.
To address these challenges, it is essential for management staff, lecturers, and employees to understand their roles and responsibilities within the management process They must uphold a strong sense of accountability in their work and continuously develop their qualifications, knowledge, and skills to enhance their effectiveness.
THE FACTORS ASSURING THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
2.4.1 The awareness of the management staff, lecturers and employees on the application of information technology
Lecturers and management staff recognize the critical role of IT in transforming education, yet only a limited number are able to translate this understanding into actionable changes in their teaching methodologies and research practices.
2.4.2 The human resources assuring the application of information technology
The integration of information technology in educational management is hindered by a shortage of qualified personnel, as many educators lack the necessary skills to effectively innovate their teaching methods through IT applications.
THE ASSESSMENT CRITERIA OF THE INFORMATION
The significance of information technology (IT) in education is increasingly evident as institutions upgrade their facilities and equipment to meet the demands of computerized educational management Although the current quantity and quality of computers and equipment are generally sufficient for basic school management innovations, they only meet minimal standards This lack of advanced infrastructure hinders the potential for higher-level modernization and the implementation of electronic institution models in educational management.
2.5 THE ASSESSMENT CRITERIA OF THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES
Technical infrastructure serves as the essential backbone for IT applications within an organization, providing the necessary equipment and systems to support various activities It is crucial for ensuring the smooth operation and efficiency of all IT-related functions.
2.5.2 Criteria for management through database
A database is a centrally managed collection of data, whether related or unrelated, that allows all members of an organization to easily access and utilize the information.
Software refers to computer programs created using a system of symbols, codes, or languages that control digital devices to perform specific functions Essentially, software consists of programmed digital components that operate on hardware devices like computers.
THE EXPERIENCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION
2.6.1 Application of information technology in education in Thailand
Integrating information technology into human resource management and labor collaboration will enable the university to attract more students and enhance partnerships with businesses This approach will lead to the development of innovative training programs that incorporate advanced technologies, ultimately improving the quality of well-trained human resources to meet the demands of the current market economy.
2.6.2 Application of information technology in education in Malaysia
Education experts emphasize that the integration of information technology (IT) is essential for fostering innovation and development in both general and higher education Utilizing IT in management and administrative functions across universities, faculties, and institutes serves as an effective strategy to enhance internal resources and promote proactive engagement, thereby contributing to the modernization of educational practices.
2.6.3 Suggestions for non-public institutions in Vietnam
Recognizing the significant impact of information technology on socio-economic development, the application of IT in education has become a top priority Recently, the Ministry of Education and Training has implemented various IT features in management and administration, including the creation of a unified database This database facilitates the timely dissemination of information and provides users with quick access to accurate references, yielding substantial benefits for the education sector.
11 the development of the education and training area.
THE FOUNDATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF NON-PUBLIC
3.1.1 The foundation and development of non-public universities in Vietnam
In 1986, the 6 th National Congress of the Party formulated a comprehensive reformation policy of the country in all fields, including education and training.
3.1.2 The current situation of information technology infrastructure at non-public universities in Vietnam
Since their inception, institutions have prioritized the integration of IT in both teaching and administrative management, reaping significant benefits such as cost savings This commitment is evident in their investments in digital equipment and network systems, which enhance the quality of training and improve overall work efficiency.
The current database of management fields of non-public universities is built on the basis of computerization of information into computer-based
12 management data according to each specialized area of the specialist in charge.
The current management work at the institutions is carried out by using various modern software.
To enhance the quality of IT applications in management, the institution prioritizes hiring skilled IT professionals while also promoting IT literacy and application among existing staff Currently, 25% of employees hold a master's degree in IT, and 45% possess a bachelor's degree in the field.
To enhance access to information about the institution's work and activities, an electronic information page has been created on the institution's website, facilitating easy information retrieval for staff and the public.
THE CURRENT SITUATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
3.2.1 The current situation of information technology application in training management at non-public universities in Vietnam
* Application of IT in the contruction of the training plans
A recent survey revealed that 56.0% of management officers and lecturers at non-public universities rated the IT application for constructing training plans as "good to very good," while 25.6% assessed it as "normal."
Table 3.4.: Summary of student survey results on the new management of students' learning activities on the basis of IT application
Very good Good Normal Not good
The searching and reading of learning materials in the library after the IT application
The tracking of learning and training results of a individual or a class through separate websites
(Source: Summary of the survey results for the thesis)
In the recent survey, 71.2% of participants rated the first item as very good, good, or normal, while the second item received an even higher rating, with 83.5% of respondents falling within these three positive categories.
3.2.2 Current situation of information technology application in the management of staff, lecturers and students
The survey result of IT infrastructure at the non-public universities are presented below [Table 3.5]
Table 3.5 Summary of IT infrastructure at non-public universities
Quantity Desktop computer (state- funded)
Hanoi University of Business and Technology
(Source: Summary of the survey results for the thesis)
The survey results in [table 3.5] indicate that the IT infrastructure in non-public universities is robust and adequate across various components, including computer systems, internet connectivity, LAN, management software, and transmission line accessories These favorable conditions significantly enhance training management, particularly in overseeing staff, lecturers, and students.
3.2.3 Current situation of information technology application in the management of facilities, equipment and financial resources
Survey results indicate that a significant percentage of management officers, lecturers, and students rated the institution's IT infrastructure as "very good" or "good" across four key items.
In specific, the proportion of management officers and lecturers ranges from 46.0% to 65.6% For students, it spreads from 29.1% to 52.2% The
The management officers and lecturers rated the effectiveness of IT applications in training management between 20% and 28.8%, while student ratings ranged from 30.1% to 36.2% These findings indicate that the institutions have successfully implemented a relatively effective IT application system for managing training conditions, suggesting that the infrastructure for these applications meets the necessary requirements.
3.2.4 Current situation of information technology application in the management of training results
To evaluate the implementation of IT applications in managing training results at non-public universities, the author analyzed survey responses from teachers and management officers The findings revealed that 43.60% rated the effectiveness as "very good," while 23.6% rated it as "good," and 20.8% as "normal." Additionally, a survey of students addressed two key aspects: tracking individual and class training results via dedicated websites and the announcement of training quality, as detailed in Table 3.8.
Table 3.8 Summary of student survey results on IT application in management of training results
Very good Good Normal Not good
The searching and reading of learning materials in the library after the IT application
The announcement of the training quality
(Source: Summary of the survey results for the thesis)
The above results can be presented in the chart below:
Rất tốt 0 Tốt Bình thường Chưa tốt
Figure 3.4: student survey results on IT application in management of training results
Recent survey findings indicate that non-public universities in Vietnam have begun to implement information technology in managing training results, yielding positive outcomes Discussions with faculty and an in-depth analysis of student learning management processes reveal that after exams, teachers submit scores to the Training Management Department Staff then input these scores into software that automatically calculates average scores for each subject and overall performance for each academic period This system also facilitates the classification of students based on their qualifications for subject tasks, eligibility for graduation exams, and opportunities for academic rewards or scholarships.
Very good Good Normal Not good
THE ANALYSIS OF FACTORS ASSURING THE INFORMATION
3.4.1 IT infrastructure and technical equipment
The facilities at non-public universities are well-constructed and thoughtfully designed, featuring spacious classrooms equipped with essential utilities such as electricity and water, along with comfortable furniture and anti-glare boards that enhance the learning environment Libraries and laboratories have been upgraded to meet the Ministry of Education and Training's design standards, while the dormitories and canteens provide adequate accommodation and dining options for students Additionally, the campus includes multi-functional buildings, playgrounds, training grounds, and landscaped areas, creating a comprehensive and conducive atmosphere for education and student activities.
3.4.2 The IT resources serving the management of training
Currently, the IT skills of lecturers and staff are at a fundamental level, enabling them to utilize basic computer features independently Most office personnel possess essential computer knowledge, which aids in effective management tasks.
OVERALL ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT INFORAMTION
3.4.1 IT infrastructure and technical equipment
The facilities at non-public universities are well-constructed and designed to support effective teaching and learning Spacious classrooms are equipped with essential utilities, including electricity and water supply, as well as comfortable furniture and anti-glare boards The libraries and laboratories have been upgraded to meet the Ministry of Education and Training's design standards Additionally, the dormitories and canteens provide adequate accommodation and services for students The campus also features multi-functional buildings, playgrounds, training grounds, and well-maintained landscapes, creating a comprehensive and conducive environment for academic and recreational activities.
3.4.2 The IT resources serving the management of training
Currently, the IT skills of lecturers and staff are at a fundamental level, enabling them to utilize basic computer functions independently Most administrative personnel are proficient in essential computer use, which supports effective management tasks.
3.5 OVERALL ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT INFORAMTION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM
In general, institutions have been deeply aware of the position and role of
In recent years, universities have progressively integrated information technology (IT) into their management systems, enhancing the development of comprehensive training plans across all levels This strategic application of IT in school management ensures that institutional activities and content meet the evolving demands of education and administration As a result, these universities are effectively addressing the general requirements for management and training.
The application of IT in management at non-public universities reveals notable limitations and shortcomings Specifically, the development of training plans lacks flexibility and creativity, failing to align closely with actual circumstances Additionally, the management of student learning activities at some institutions does not fully utilize IT, resulting in outdated coding and insufficient updates with new references and curricula, which hampers student support.
Chương này trình bày quá trình hình thành và phát triển của các trường Đại học Ngoài công lập, đồng thời phân tích thực trạng hạ tầng công nghệ thông tin tại các trường này Hầu hết các trường sử dụng nguồn tài chính từ chính trường để đầu tư hạ tầng CNTT, điều này tạo ra một trở ngại lớn do nguồn thu không ổn định, chủ yếu phụ thuộc vào học phí của sinh viên và học viên.
THE PERSPECTIVE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
4.1.1 Ensuring the purposefulness of IT application in management at non- public universities in Vietnam
4.1.2 Ensuring the scientific properties and practicality of IT application in management at non-public universities in Vietnam
4.1.3 Ensuring the effectiveness and possibility of IT application in management at non-public universities
4.1.4 Ensuring the comprehensiveness and harmony of IT application in management at non-public universities
4.2 FUNDAMENTAL SOLUTIONS PROMOTING THE APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM
4.2.1 Enhancement of awareness of staff, lecturers and students about the IT application in manegement
Raising awareness among management officers and employees about the application of IT in management is the crucial first step, particularly in the context of non-public universities.
To enhance the effective deployment of IT applications, it is essential to shift the perspective of management officers and increase their awareness of IT's significance Currently, management staff primarily focus on two aspects: the investment costs associated with IT and their level of concern regarding its implementation.
4.2.2 Application of information technology in constructing training plans shall ensure the scientific properties and comprehensiveness, in conformity with the IT development of specific period
A training plan fabricated on the basis of IT application is a training plan that contains the identification of IT application, specific methods and steps in
The effective integration of IT in every stage of the training process is essential for developing comprehensive training plans It is crucial for planners to embrace innovative thinking and adapt their strategies to incorporate modern IT applications This involves a systematic approach, ensuring that the training plan is executed in a structured manner from the institutional level down to individuals Clear responsibilities must be assigned to each department and individual to facilitate the successful organization and implementation of the training plan.
4.2.3 Regular organization of training courses on IT knowledge and skills in performing tasks for management officers, lecturers, and professionals.
Effective management at non-public universities relies on the collaborative efforts of management officers, lecturers, and staff This approach emphasizes the importance of integrating information technology (IT) within educational institutions By successfully organizing training phases, management officers can enhance the IT knowledge and skills of both themselves and their colleagues, ultimately improving overall institutional effectiveness.
21 correct contents of IT knowledge and skills for managers, employees or lecturers.
4.2.4 Explicit definition of the stages and areas where IT can be applied to serve management activities at non-public universities
Leaders in institutions and consulting departments must explicitly outline the stages and areas for IT application, as the demand for information technology in non-public universities is notably higher than in other sectors.
4.2.5 Strengthening the implementation of digital transformation in non- public universities
Digital transformation in education is driving innovation by moving away from traditional lectures towards enhancing learners' capabilities and fostering self-directed learning This shift contributes to the creation of a learning society and promotes lifelong education The rise of technologies such as IoT, Big Data, AI, and SMAC is establishing a robust digital education infrastructure Consequently, various smart education models are emerging, leveraging IT to personalize learning experiences through tailored curricula and methods, while also facilitating access to extensive online resources and encouraging spontaneous interactions among families, schools, teachers, and students.
4.2.6 Inspection and evaluation of IT application in management activities at non-public universities
The development of inspection and evaluation criteria in IT training is influenced by the specific goals, requirements, and characteristics of each profession, allowing for a tailored approach at every stage of the application process.
Auditors must conduct inspections and evaluations in accordance with legal rules, regulations, and standards, demonstrating a balanced level of expertise and professionalism It is essential to respect the individuals being inspected, and all inspections should be documented, including the results of the evaluations.
4.2.7 Development and completion of IT infrastructure at Non-public Universities
Regularly inspecting, upgrading, or replacing digital devices is essential for optimizing IT applications in management Ensuring that each staff member is equipped with a computer enhances professional productivity Additionally, all computers should be connected to the LAN and the Internet to facilitate document retrieval and online tasks.
Development and completion of the computer network ensure a smooth and steady network connection to serve the information retrieval and data sharing.
Equipment and upgrade of security systems such as using anti-virus software, firewall systems, etc help to increase security and privacy for data and computers.
4.2.8 Promotion of new software application in management
The development of management software is essential for enhancing IT applications within non-public universities, which possess unique organizational structures and operational modes distinct from traditional companies Consequently, the design, development, and utilization of management software must address these specific differences to effectively meet the needs of these institutions.
23 management software is designed for private businesses and companies; very few management software can be applied in State bodies.
This chapter discusses the application of IT in private universities, emphasizing the importance of purposefulness, scientific rigor, practicality, effectiveness, feasibility, comprehensiveness, and harmony To enhance IT application activities, the author proposes eight key solutions.
In a doctoral thesis, the author explores key aspects of information technology (IT) application, focusing specifically on its role in managing certain activities at non-public universities in Vietnam.
Information Technology (IT) serves as a vital tool, while IT applications leverage this tool for optimal utilization Key challenges include raising awareness, enhancing capacity, and ensuring the availability of necessary hardware and software The application of IT in management significantly improves the management of resources such as personnel, software, equipment, finances, and databases This leads to increased efficiency for management officers and lecturers, clearly defining the roles and responsibilities within training activities.
[1] Alfred North Whitehead (1929), Educational goals and other essays, translated by Hoang Phu Phuong – edited by Pham Viem Phuong
(2010), Times Publishing house, Ha Noi.
[2] Vu Loc An (2015), “Management of information technology application in training and fostering civil servants at Le Hong Phong
School of Personnel Training, Hanoi City”, Education Magazine,
In his 2018 PhD thesis on Educational Management, Vu Loc An explores the management and development of officers and civil servants at provincial political schools, emphasizing the integration of information technology to enhance training and administration.
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS BY THE AUTHOR
1.M.A Hoang Hai Yen, Application of simulation technology to improve training efficiency at non-public educational institutions 2019, Journal of Management Science and Technology, 2019.
2 M.A Hoang Hai Yen, Some innovative solutions for higher education in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Business and Technology Journal, 2020.
3 M.A Hoang Hai Yen, Information technology application enhances the efficiency of human resource management at non-public universities, Business and Technology Journal, 2019.
4 M.A Hoang Hai Yen – Official member, Vietnam's non-public higher education in the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 through the practice of Hanoi University of Business and Technology, 2020.
For the management officers, staff of administrative department and lecturers at 10 participating non-public universities in Vietnam (Total 250 forms/250 staff/ lecturers)
BẢNG TỔNG HỢP KẾT QUẢ KHẢO SÁT CỦA CÁN BỘ QUẢN LÝ, CHUYÊN VIÊN, GIẢNG VIÊN SUMMARY RESULTS ON MANAGEMENT OFFICERS, STAFF AND