选题依据
Under the leadership of the Party and President Ho Chi Minh, the Vietnamese people successfully executed the August Revolution, establishing the Democratic Republic of Vietnam As a newly independent nation, Vietnam faced numerous challenges, including internal and external conflicts, as well as the economic hardships left by the old regime The health of the population significantly declined, with widespread illiteracy and school dropouts Recognizing the importance of health for the nation, President Ho Chi Minh issued a decree to establish the health and sports sectors in the new Vietnam In 1946, he signed Decree No 14, which founded the Central Sports Hall under the Youth Department, marking the beginning of Vietnam's sports industry and serving as the central body for managing national sports activities This new sports initiative was unprecedented in Vietnamese history, particularly prior to the success of the August Revolution, and aimed to serve the interests of the Vietnamese people.
Since the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, the sports industry has received significant attention from the Party and government, which has been a crucial driving force for its rapid development President Ho Chi Minh emphasized the importance of international exchanges in sports, positioning Vietnam's athletic endeavors as vital tools for communication and collaboration with other nations To implement this vision, the General Department of Sports has established national teams across various sports, regularly participating in events like the Olympics and Southeast Asian Games to showcase that Vietnam's sports can stand shoulder to shoulder with those of other countries.
In recent years, Vietnam's competitive sports have achieved notable success on the international stage However, overall development remains relatively low compared to other countries, with several pressing issues hindering progress These include suboptimal athletic performance, a limited number of athletes, unstable organizational structures for sports development, low management standards, and unsatisfactory operational outcomes A thorough understanding and analysis of these challenges is essential for advancing Vietnam's competitive sports.
In the development of sports, competitive athletics plays a crucial role, particularly in Ho Chi Minh City, where it is regarded as the pinnacle of sports advancement In recent years, the city has promoted grassroots sports while simultaneously nurturing elite coaches and athletes The Ho Chi Minh Sports Department has made significant efforts in the 2001-2005 human resources plan to enhance management systems, processes, and the development of outstanding athletes, thereby maximizing the potential of competitive sports in the region A two-day conference held on December 14-15, 2001, led by the director of the Ho Chi Minh Sports Committee, focused on the current status and future direction of competitive sports, as well as assessing the city's athletic human resources and establishing ten key development initiatives.
1 胡志明主席，第 14 号法令，1946
2 范文凯副总理通知第 170/TB.关于体育运动的巩固,建设与发展，1993-6-3
The plan charter, approved by the Ho Chi Minh City People's Committee, marks a pivotal moment in the development of competitive sports in Ho Chi Minh City, showcasing significant progress over the past five years.
进入 2006–2010 五年计划，越南体育事业已有了新的定向。在此之前，回顾在
In 2003, Vietnam achieved the Southeast Asian Games team championship but returned empty-handed from the 2004 Olympics To address this, the National Sports Committee held a two-day conference in Hanoi on December 8-9, 2004, to outline the direction, goals, and tasks for competitive sports from 2005 to 2015, extending to 2020 The committee identified a lack of deep understanding of competitive sports, inconsistent practices, and superficial training efforts as reasons for the stagnation in Vietnam's sports development They proposed a focus on team sports for athlete selection, aiming not only to participate in most Southeast Asian events but also to make a mark in the Asian Games and World Championships Overall, the goal is to rank within the top three in the Southeast Asian Games and achieve a position between 10-15 in the Asian Games, while also developing elite athletes capable of winning gold medals at the World Championships from 2008 to 2016.
In response to the new direction proposed by the Sports Committee, the Sports Bureau of Ho Chi Minh City is reviewing past practices and preparing for the future by establishing a new development roadmap.
According to the Ho Chi Minh City People's Committee's report on the social development plan for 2006-2010, the current phase holds significant importance for both the city and the entire nation This period, spanning from 2001 to 2010, marks Vietnam's engagement with various Southeast Asian countries, underscoring the nation's strategic development and regional integration efforts.
The signing of the AFTA treaty and the accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) has opened Vietnam's economy to global trade, fostering mutual economic influence with Southeast Asian nations and beyond However, despite the thriving sports culture in Ho Chi Minh City, the potential for competitive sports remains underutilized A recent report highlights that while strategies and plans for sports development are in place, there is a significant lack of implementation methods, trained personnel, and oversight As a result, the sports development strategy and human resource plan for 2001-2010 have faced numerous setbacks after five years of execution, indicating the need for a thorough review and potential adjustments to improve future outcomes.
In response to Ho Chi Minh City's development goals, the city’s Party Committee highlighted in the 2006-2010 socioeconomic development plan the need to focus investments on enhancing management and organizational capabilities This includes establishing a robust infrastructure for sports development to facilitate training in competitive sports The report emphasizes that the investment aims to improve the performance of elite sports disciplines To achieve this, it is crucial for Ho Chi Minh City to identify the factors contributing to the underperformance of its competitive sports over the years, prepare effectively, and gather sufficient athlete resources to participate in various competitions, including the 8th National Fitness Sports Congress in Phu Tho Province in 2016, the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics, and the 2013 event in Myanmar.
3 指示第 36 号 CT/TW 关于体育运动在新阶段。1994
4 指示第 113 号 TTg 关于体育运动发展的规划。1995
The Southeast Asian Games, held in 2013 at the Indoor Sports Hall in Indonesia, underscore the urgent need for research on the selection and development of competitive sports in Ho Chi Minh City This study, titled "Research on the Selection and Cultivation of Competitive Sports Potential in Ho Chi Minh City," is timely and will significantly contribute to enhancing the level of competitive sports in the city.
文献综述
潜优势项目的概念
The accuracy of concept definition directly influences people's understanding and attitudes towards it Currently, there is no unified explanation for the term "potential advantage projects." A review of relevant literature reveals that many experts and scholars express varying interpretations regarding the definition of this concept.
The concept of potential advantage projects lacks a unified definition, but notable interpretations include the following: Tian Maijiu (1989) identified sports that have placed in the top three in world competitions more than twice as potential advantage projects, emphasizing both subjective and objective favorable conditions for rapid improvement in competitive levels Shi Yan et al (2004) defined Olympic potential advantage projects as those capable of achieving a top 8 finish at the Olympics and demonstrating significant recent advancements in competitive performance Sun Hanchao (2005) also contributed to this discussion, highlighting the criteria for identifying such projects.
"Potential advantage projects" refer to sports that have previously won medals at the Olympics or achieved notable results in other international competitions According to Chi Jian (2006), these are competitive sports in which China has repeatedly earned medals and is expected to make breakthroughs in future Olympic events Yang Yang (2007) defines "potential advantage projects" as sports that have consistently won medals in major domestic and international competitions and are likely to develop positively, quickly integrating into the group of dominant sports.
Advantages are relative and require comparison; without it, there can be no notion of advantage In the 1980s, China began formulating a development plan for competitive sports, emphasizing the prioritization of advantageous sports When a region identifies its advantageous sports, it typically considers two key factors: first, the sport's ability to win medals (or scores) in major international and domestic competitions; second, how this ability compares favorably against other sports in the region Thus, advantageous sports are those that demonstrate a stronger capability to earn medals (or scores) in significant competitions, both nationally and internationally, when compared to other sports within the same region.
In their 2007 article, Tian Mai Jiu and colleagues discuss the identification of potential advantage sports for China's 2008 Olympic Games and propose extraordinary development strategies The authors emphasize the importance of strategic planning in enhancing China's competitive edge in specific sports disciplines Their analysis highlights the need for targeted investment and training programs to maximize performance and achieve success on the international stage This research contributes valuable insights into optimizing China's Olympic strategy and fostering athletic excellence.
The article discusses China's advantageous position in archery and the factors contributing to the increase in Olympic gold medals in this sport It highlights the strategic elements that enhance China's performance in archery competitions, analyzing the growth trends and potential areas for further improvement The research underscores the significance of targeted training and development programs in achieving success on the Olympic stage.
The significant advancements in China's competitive sports can be attributed to five key management strategies, as highlighted by Sun Hanchao in a 2005 article published in the Journal of Wuhan Sports University These strategies have played a crucial role in enhancing the overall performance and development of athletic programs in the country.
In preparation for the 2008 Olympic Games, this article by Chi Jian and Miao Xiangjun discusses strategies for enhancing China's competitive edge in key sports and identifying potential emerging strengths The focus is on optimizing training and resources to ensure success in both dominant and promising events.
The research conducted by Yang Yang in 2007 focuses on the current status and development strategies of potential competitive sports projects in Henan Province The study highlights key areas for improvement and offers insights into optimizing the region's athletic capabilities.
Numerous experts and scholars have yet to provide a clear definition of advantageous and potentially advantageous sports projects This study, drawing on the theoretical foundations of these concepts in China, posits that the potentially advantageous sports projects in Ho Chi Minh City primarily refer to those that have secured medals in national competitions (excluding Southeast Asia) Although Vietnam's national sports events have not yielded outstanding results in recent years, achieving placements within the top eight indicates a mid-tier competitive status with promising development prospects These sports projects show a positive trend and are expected to achieve breakthroughs in future competitions.
潜优势项目划分的研究
通过搜索和查阅近 10 年期间中国相关文献资料发现，关于竞技体育潜优势项目发 展战略的专题和研究的文章和著作比较少。大多是在研究“优势项目”的同时谈到
The research on "potential advantage sports" primarily focuses on the layout, development strategies, and key influencing factors of competitive sports in a specific province, while it seldom addresses the current status of potential advantage projects in Chinese competitive sports, including talent support, technological backing, and collaborative training for coaches However, previous studies on potential advantage projects provide valuable insights for this topic.
1.2.2.1 中国竞技体育项目划分的研究
In a report titled "Macro Decision-Making on the Setting and Layout of Key Competitive Sports in China," presented by Professor Tian Maijiu and colleagues at the National Sports Layout Work Conference in 1989, China's competitive sports were categorized into three types: "advantageous projects, potential advantageous projects, and projects awaiting development," based on the current level and future development potential of these sports.
In their 2005 study on the sustainable development strategy of competitive sports in Beijing, Professor Wang Baocheng and colleagues categorized competitive sports based on recent medal achievements in major events like the Olympics, Asian Games, and National Games They classified the sports into four categories: "advantageous projects, potential advantageous projects, foundational major events, and relatively underdeveloped projects."
Professor Sun Hanchao (2005) in his article "The Significant Progress of Chinese Competitive Sports is Attributed to Five Key Management Strategies," identifies a project layout structure for the Olympics This structure is based on a comprehensive investigation and analysis of Olympic events, considering the characteristics of event selection, the distribution of strong sports in leading countries, and the actual situation of competitive sports in China The layout comprises four levels: traditional strength events, potential strength events, major gold medal events, and team events.
In their 2005 study, Chen Ming et al examined the current layout and development of reserve talent in competitive sports in Guangdong Province They categorized competitive sports into distinct tiers based on their development and management characteristics, highlighting traditional advantage projects, potential advantage projects, high-value team sports, and those included in international competitions and the Olympics.
In their 2005 study, "Research on the International Competitive Status of China's Olympic Sports Categories," Lei Yanyun and colleagues utilized the Pareto analysis method to classify China's Olympic sports into four categories: dominant sports groups, potential dominant sports groups, developing sports groups, and disadvantaged sports groups.
10 王保成.北京市竞技体育可持续发展战略研究[J].体育科学 2005.25(7):9-15
The research article by Chen Ming et al (2005) examines the current status and development of competitive sports talent cultivation in Guangdong Province It highlights the strategic layout of sports projects aimed at nurturing future athletes, emphasizing the importance of systematic planning and resource allocation to enhance the region's sports performance The findings suggest that targeted initiatives are essential for fostering a robust pipeline of athletic talent in Guangdong.
The study by Lei Yanyun et al examines the international competitive status of Olympic-level sports in China Published in the Journal of Beijing Sport University in 2005, this research highlights the performance and recognition of various sports disciplines at the Olympic level, contributing to a better understanding of China's position in the global sports arena.
In his 2008 study "Application of Comparative Advantage Theory in Competitive Sports," Luo Zhi utilizes the "revealed" comparative advantage standard proposed by renowned economist Balassa in 1965 This framework categorizes China's Olympic sports into three distinct groups: those with comparative advantages, those with potential comparative advantages, and those with comparative disadvantages.
In their 2004 article, Shi Yan et al discuss the classification of competitive sports in China into three categories: dominant events, potential dominant events, and underdeveloped or weak events They emphasize the importance of identifying these categories to enhance the country's performance in sports, particularly in shooting and archery, which are seen as key areas for increasing Olympic gold medal opportunities.
The classification of competitive sports levels in China serves as a foundational basis for researching potential advantage projects, offering significant reference value for this study It highlights the unique position of potential advantage projects within Chinese competitive sports and provides insights into their current status and development strategies.
1.2.2.2 中国学者对奥运会项目中的潜优势项目的研究现状
In their 2006 analysis, Professor Ji Jian and colleagues examined the strategic preparation for China's Olympic advantage and potential advantage sports ahead of the 2008 Olympics The article highlights the significant role that potential advantage sports play in generating new gold medal opportunities and enhancing the overall level of Chinese competitive sports Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of these sports in addressing the strategic issues related to the sustainable development of high-level and high-caliber competitive athletics in China.
In their 2005 study on the sustainable development strategy of competitive sports in Beijing, Professor Wang Baocheng and colleagues emphasize the importance of scientifically planning and strategically positioning projects with potential for growth They advocate for increased investment in the technological support systems for these promising sports, focusing on nurturing high-level athletes and supplying the national team with exceptional talent This approach aims to enhance the overall level of competitive sports in China and facilitate the transition towards becoming dominant in key sports disciplines.
In their 2007 article, "On the Determination and Extraordinary Development Strategies of China's Potential Advantageous Sports for the 2008 Olympic Games," Professor Tian Maijiu and colleagues assess the competitive strength of China's sports for the 2008 Olympics and identify potential advantageous events They propose strategies for the extraordinary development of these sports, emphasizing the need to improve the internal environment of Chinese competitive sports based on the actual conditions of various disciplines The article advocates for enhanced support through policies for athletes and coaches to deepen their understanding of training principles, while also calling for stronger macro-management of competitive sports in China Key focus should be on prioritizing specific sports and athletes, improving coach training, and increasing investment in scientific training methods.
胡志明市竞技体育发展的研究现状
Researching the current state of sports development in a specific region or country is a regular task that employs scientific methods to plan future directions The actual status of sports development and proposed solutions are often included in national policies, encompassing elements such as "sports development strategies," "sports development outlines," and "sports development plans."
In recent years, specifically from 2004 to 2005, the Vietnam Sports Committee has repeatedly organized meetings focused on competitive sports to assess the development of athletics in Vietnam over the decade from 1994 to 2004 These meetings aimed to evaluate progress and propose a series of new measures for future improvements in the country's sports sector.
In 2007, the sports authority developed a strategic plan for competitive sports aimed at guiding initiatives from now until 2015 This plan focuses on enhancing athletic performance and promoting sports development across various disciplines.
In 2020, the government emphasized a strategic direction focused on nurturing athletes and developing key sports centers The Sports Committee views this initiative as crucial for advancing Vietnam's competitive sports, aiming to achieve higher performance levels and compete with leading Asian nations The ultimate goal is for certain sports disciplines to reach world-class standards in the future.
According to statistics from the National Sports Committee in 2006, 38 out of 64 provinces in the country have developed sports development plans extending to 2020 These plans focus on four key areas: assessing the current situation, forecasting future developments, outlining development strategies, and proposing various measures to enhance sports initiatives.
Hanoi City is taking the lead by adopting a "know yourself, know your opponent" strategy, forming a team to head south to Ho Chi Minh City to gain insights and experiences for the development of sports in Hanoi This approach resulted in Hanoi securing the highest number of gold medals at the National Sports Games in 2002 Following the 22nd Southeast Asian Games in 2003, Hanoi City established a long-term strategy and made recommendations to the Hanoi City Committee.
Vào ngày 15 tháng 8 năm 2005, chỉ thị số 38/CT-TU đã được ban hành nhằm củng cố các mục tiêu phát triển của thành phố Hà Nội đến năm 2010 Trong giai đoạn phát triển từ 2005 đến 2015, Hà Nội tiếp tục kiên định thực hiện 16 biện pháp, với nhiệm vụ hàng đầu là
“选项目，选地区”，逐渐从“探索”阶段跨进“深入投资，开拓实力”的新阶段。
25 李静山,等.北京奥运带给我国田径运动发展的思考[J].成都体育学院院报,2009,35(5) :66-69
26 Hội nghị chuyên đề về công tác TDTT thành tích cao Tổng cục TDTT Việt Nam năm, 2007
27 Chỉ thịsố 38/CT-TUvề việc phát triển TDTT Hà Nội, 15-08-2005
Hanoi is currently enhancing the facilities at My Dinh National Stadium, transforming it into a training center for professional athletes and positioning it as a future international sports arena.
In Hai Phong Province, Vu Trung Li conducted an in-depth study on the direction of sports development in the city, assessing the current state of sports and proposing a series of methods to enhance competitive sports levels leading up to 2010 The article thoroughly examines the sports landscape of Hai Phong City since 1997.
In 2001, sports broadcasting faced various challenges, highlighting both successful and unsuccessful factors To enhance the quality and effectiveness of sports coverage, nine improvement strategies were proposed, focusing on key areas for development.
2002 至 2010 年海防市竞技体育的发展。
The Sports Academy is collaborating with various provincial sports departments, including those in Hue City, Quang Ninh Province, Hai Duong City, Ben Tre Province, Bac Ninh Province, and others, to jointly develop a sports development plan that extends through 2020.
Tại tỉnh Lào Cai, miền Bắc Việt Nam, Ủy ban Tỉnh đã thông qua kế hoạch phát triển thể thao đến năm 2020, bao gồm 3 đề xuất: xây dựng cơ sở hạ tầng thể thao, thúc đẩy thể thao thành tích cao và hoạt động thể thao quần chúng Tổng kinh phí lên tới 9700 tỷ đồng (khoảng 5 triệu USD) Tại tỉnh Khánh Hòa, miền Trung Việt Nam, Ủy ban Tỉnh cũng đã thông qua kế hoạch phát triển thể thao kéo dài đến năm 2015 với tổng đầu tư 1306 tỷ đồng, xây dựng 3 khu thể thao giải trí tổng hợp.
In Ho Chi Minh City, the theme for sports development focuses on "improving management and training systems for sports talents." The sports authorities recently held a two-day conference that gathered insights from various stakeholders, including managers, scientific experts, journalists, coaches, and athletes, to address key issues This collaborative effort resulted in 28 comprehensive reports, many of which have been approved for implementation by the authorities.
此外，值得一提的是，林光诚博士的论题：“胡志明市的竞技体育”，虽然只是
The lecture materials from the 2006 coaching training program offer valuable insights, providing an objective and scientific analysis of the current state of competitive sports in the city Dr Lin emphasizes that to improve competitive sports locally, a comprehensive approach involving three key areas is essential: system reform, policy enhancement, and personnel factors.
研究的目的与意义
研究目的
The level of competitive sports development serves as a crucial indicator of a city's socio-economic progress, particularly in developing countries Potential advantage projects refer to those sports initiatives in Ho Chi Minh City that could significantly enhance its competitive sports landscape but have yet to be fully explored or nurtured Analyzing these potential advantage projects is essential for the rapid advancement of competitive sports in Ho Chi Minh City Therefore, this study aims to identify these promising sports initiatives through scientific analysis, based on the current state of competitive sports development in the city.
This article analyzes the factors influencing the development of potential competitive sports projects in Ho Chi Minh City, identifying the contradictions and key constraints that hinder their growth Based on these findings, it offers targeted strategies and recommendations to address these challenges and promote the advancement of competitive sports in the region.
28 Hội nghị chuyên đề về hiện trạng và giải pháp phát triển TTTTC ở TP.HCM, 15-12-2001
研究意义
1.3.2.1 发展竞技体育是胡志明市社会经济的必然要求
根据越南统计局 2009 年的数据，虽然胡志明市的面积只占全国的 0,6%，人口只
Ho Chi Minh City, while accounting for only 6.6% of the nation's population, leads the country in economic strength, contributing 20.2% of total production and 27.9% of industrial output In 2008, the city's per capita income reached an impressive $2,534, compared to the national average of just $1,024 Additionally, Ho Chi Minh City has rapidly modernized and diversified in education, culture, and social sectors, establishing itself as the highest model of civilization in the country.
Due to the rapid economic development of Ho Chi Minh City and the continuous improvement in living standards, there is a growing demand among the public for sports This increasing interest is accompanied by heightened expectations for competitive sports achievements, highlighting the social need to develop athletics in line with the city's swift economic progress.
1.3.2.2 发展竞技体育是胡志明市体育需求的集中反映
Ho Chi Minh City boasts significant economic advantages and a rich cultural foundation, leading to high demand among its citizens for various activities such as wellness practices, sports, and viewing competitions This strong interest serves as a driving force behind the development of sports in the region.
In 1999, the government implemented a policy to promote the socialization of sports, highlighting the increasing importance placed on sports development by national authorities In response, Ho Chi Minh City began constructing a series of sports facilities, policies, and programs starting in 2000, aimed at integrating community sports activities to discover and train elite athletes The primary goal is to secure championships in major competitive events Evaluating a team's sports level by the number of championships won, it is clear that Ho Chi Minh City's current sports initiatives should focus on nurturing high-level athletes.
In recent years, Ho Chi Minh City has emerged as a city with significant potential for sports development due to its large population, thriving economy, and high consumer spending The city has consistently led the way in promoting sports socialization compared to other regions Additionally, the availability of human resources and funding are two key factors that contribute to its success Therefore, actively developing high-level sports teams has become a pressing priority for Ho Chi Minh City.
1.3.2.3 竞技体育的良性发展是胡志明市体育管理工作提升的必然路径
To advance competitive sports in Ho Chi Minh City, it is crucial to enhance management practices This involves selecting athletes with inherent physical potential and nurturing exceptional sports talents Effective management strategies can create favorable conditions for athletes to maximize their potential and achieve outstanding performance The essence of proper management lies in systematically defining strategies and consistently providing talent resources for long-term high-performance sports.
In recent years, despite receiving significant attention from national authorities, the sports performance in Ho Chi Minh City has struggled to achieve notable success While there is no shortage of talent and the economy is thriving, the management lacks professionals with specialized knowledge in sports administration, resulting in a disconnect between competitive sports management and the evolving demands of the modern era.
The development of sports often stagnates due to complacency and outdated practices To achieve significant progress, it is essential to enhance the quality and methods of sports management.
1.3.2.4 竞技体育的良性发展对推动胡志明市的物质和精神文明将会起很大作用
In many developed countries, competitive sports are regarded as a crucial component of social, cultural, and economic strategies Achieving excellent results in international competitions not only boosts national pride but also promotes the unique cultural characteristics and spirit of the nation on a global scale, allowing people worldwide to gain a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of Vietnam.
Ho Chi Minh City has the potential to enhance its value by meeting the sports expectations of its citizens, offering them enjoyment through impressive sports facilities and modern equipment The development of sports is closely linked to socio-economic growth, which will undoubtedly propel both the spiritual and material civilization of the city Furthermore, the advancement of competitive sports in Ho Chi Minh City will significantly elevate its athletic performance.
研究内容与研究技术路线
研究内容
(1) 胡志明市体育发展现状。
(2) 胡志明市竞技体育潜优势项目的选择。
（3）胡志明市竞技体育潜优势项目的发展现状。
(4) 制约胡志明市潜优势项目发展的因素。
(5) 促进胡志明市竞技体育发展的合理化建议。
研究技术路线
图 1 本研究的技术路线
选题依据及文献综述
胡志明市体育发展现状
Ho Chi Minh City has significant potential in competitive sports, showcasing various disciplines that can be further developed The current state of competitive sports in the city highlights these promising areas, indicating opportunities for growth and investment in specific sports.
胡志明市竞技体育潜优 势项目影响因素
社会人力资源因子 经济和科研因子 管理体制因子
胡志明市竞技体育潜优势项目
结论与展望国外竞技体育战略研究
研究对象与方法
研究对象
以越南胡志明市竞技体育潜优势项目选择和培育为研究对象。
研究方法
1.5.2.1 文献资料法
The literature review method involves the collection, evaluation, and organization of documents to develop a scientific understanding of facts, applicable to both historical and contemporary research This study utilized literature, CDs, and internet searches to gather, assess, and compile information on the development history of competitive sports in Ho Chi Minh City, including sports science theories, management practices, research, and contributing factors Additionally, through this method, relevant data such as competitive sports achievements, world and national records, and the age and historical context of athletes were obtained from official statistics, primary data, and various written historical documents.
查阅 2006-2010 年胡志明市主要学术期刊（依据越南体育期刊篇名目录），2000-
In 2010, several key academic journals in Vietnam focused on sports science, including "Sports Science," "Vietnam Sports Science," and the journals from the First, Second, and Third Sports Universities, as well as the Ho Chi Minh City Sports Journal Additionally, the article discusses the Vietnamese government's policies and regulations concerning the development of competitive sports.
1.5.2.2 问卷调查法
(1) 问卷的设计与调研对象
This study utilizes a questionnaire survey for two primary purposes: first, to gather insights from key stakeholders, including leaders from the Ho Chi Minh City Sports Bureau, professors from sports universities, and heads of national training centers in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, and Hong Kong, as well as experienced domestic coaches and both current and retired elite athletes Second, the survey aims to conduct expert assessments to establish a performance indicator system for identifying potential competitive sports strengths in Ho Chi Minh City.
表1 调查问卷内容效度检验的专家组成情况
姓名 工作单位 职务 主要业务专长
阮红明 国家体育高成绩务 务长 管理
黄永江 越南奥林匹克委员会 主席 管理
黄中凯 胡志明体育师范大学 校长-副教授 管理
林光成 胡志明市体育大学 校长-副教授 管理
李红山 国家第三体育训练中心 主任 管理
阮大杨 北宁体育大学 校长-副教授 管理
Dr Tan Guozheng from the National Sports Information Center discusses the theories of athletics training, while Ruan Huangeng, the director of the Ho Chi Minh City Sports Bureau, focuses on management in the sports sector.
阮成林 胡志明国家第二训练中心 主任 管理
梅博雄 胡志明体育局 副局长 管理
表 2 潜优势项目问卷调研的专家效度检验（%）
非常好 比较好 一般 较差 非常差 内容效度 20 70 10 0 0
Table 2 indicates that the survey on potential advantageous projects in Ho Chi Minh City received a positive evaluation from experts, achieving a rating above satisfactory.
The survey results indicate that the combined proportion of responses rated as "good" and "very good" stands at 80% This demonstrates that the content validity of the questionnaire is effective.
(2) 问卷的发放与回收
A total of 450 questionnaires were distributed for the research, with 427 completed responses collected, resulting in a high response rate of 94.88% Out of these, 400 questionnaires were deemed valid for statistical analysis.
表 3 问卷调研情况
调查对象 发放问卷 回收问卷 回收率 有效问卷
教育程度 高中 25 19 76% 15 78.94%
工作部门 办公室 115 111 96.5% 96 86.4%
工作经历 1-3年 25 21 84% 12 57.14%
由表 3 可见，在本次调查有效数据当中，教育程度有效回收率最高是本科占
100%, 职务回收有效最差是科员占 38.3%，工作部门回收有效最好是竟训科/处占
97.2%，年龄回收有效最高是26-30岁占100%，工作经历回收有效最好得到96.22%。
(3) 问卷的信度检验
The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, a method that evaluates internal consistency A Cronbach's alpha coefficient between 0.65 and 0.70 is considered minimally acceptable, 0.70 to 0.80 indicates good reliability, and above 0.80 is deemed excellent In this study, the Cronbach's alpha value was found to be 0.994, with an average item mean of 0.996 Statistical analysis using SPSS confirmed that the reliability of the questionnaire is exceptionally high, indicating that the survey results possess significant credibility.
29 袁方.社会研究方法教程[M].北京:北京大学出版社，1997.2: 187-198
表 4 调查问卷信度检验(可靠程度)
克隆巴赫系数
Cronbach's Alpha Based on Standardized
上述两项问卷信度值都在 0.8 以上，说明问卷具有很高高的内在一致性。问卷信度 是考察问卷测量的可靠性，是测量变量所包含问题的一致程度，是检验测量工具的可 靠性、一致性和等值性的主要方法。下面采用最常用的 Cronbach's Alpha if Item
The reliability measurement methods assess the consistency of the measured variables The analysis results indicate that all indicator values exceed 0.7, demonstrating a strong level of reliability.
表现出很好的一致性，问卷具有较高的信度 30 。
The calculation of Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted for each variable shows that the range of internal consistency coefficient changes is within an acceptable limit There are no significant increases or decreases in the internal consistency coefficient α when any item is removed This indicates that the 49 items of the scale are closely related, demonstrating good internal consistency.
表5 调查问卷信度分析
因子变量 CorrectedItem-Total
Correlation量表与项目的总
Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted
提高物质奖励 938 994
创造培训机会 958 994
加强政治思想工作 969 994
工作环境改善 959 994
考核与晋升机制完善 963 994
30 贺国芳.可靠性数据的收集与分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社，1995:33-34
工资与奖励 925 994
运动伤病的治疗 960 994
运动员文化素质 966 994
训练人员分流，编制缩减 973 994
训练场地被占用 936 994
学训矛盾突出 956 994
教练员工资及生活待遇 943 994
中小学业余训练处于停滞状态 942 994
运动员家长的支持 953 994
提高科研人员的专业素质 945 994
加强科研与训练的紧密结合 954 994
扩大科研人员数量 947 994
改进科研设备 947 994
增加科研交流 914 994
人才交流机制 973 994
人类学特征(人种因素) 923 994
区域经济发展状况 847 994
社会普及程度 890 994
社会关注程度 875 994
项目的历史文化传统 741 994
运动项目的市场开发 745 994
在世界大赛中取得过奖牌 961 994
重点项目发展 791 994
重点地区发展 795 994
优势项目优先发展 786 994
运动项目的市场开发 966 994
社会拥护的项目发展 954 994
向大中学校搜寻资料 923 994
向群众体育搜寻资料 907 994
历来参赛成绩数据调查 742 994
向竞技体育专业部门搜寻资料 836 994
综合全国教练员的意见 858 994
比较研究法
This study compares data from surveys and literature with information on competitive sports abroad, providing valuable insights for selecting and nurturing potential competitive sports projects in Ho Chi Minh City.
数理统计法
This study employs Pareto analysis, along with statistical tools SPSS 15.0 and Lisrel 8.0, to analyze and validate the survey data, thereby providing solid evidence for the research paper.
2 国外竞技体育发展战略研究